260 lines
34 KiB
XML
260 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="082A0CF7E213DBAC02B011652FC7B203" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4174.1.22" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4174.1.22" ID-GBIF-Dataset="765a168f-a14b-40d3-be1f-8f6d82eab78a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="262257" ID-ZooBank="C7196500-B74B-423D-9FE1-3EB079B7F106" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1476208500721" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Huys, Rony" docDate="2016" docId="03AFBB1AFFBDFF830D8FFD12FB4AFE5C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4174.1.22.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4174 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Melinnacheres levinseni M'Intosh 1885" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="382" masterDocId="FF96C362FFA7FF980D18FFC4FFE6FF8C" masterDocTitle="Enigmas from the past: M’Intosh’s (1885) annelidicolous copepods from the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger" masterLastPageNumber="385" masterPageNumber="355" pageNumber="381" updateTime="1698389425764" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0BB426BDA65B9A0DEA51747D5268B8F0">Enigmas from the past: M’Intosh’s (1885) annelidicolous copepods from the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3707FF3B055702FFF0288EC41CB0850E">Huys, Rony</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="81B923F5A0DF0874B26A1C25B59FE5D4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4A19BB038662AFE2857BA87B85C0AFAE">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A5DC2E14DE1260B40619E0F03B90752F">4174</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03AFBB1AFFBDFF830D8FFD12FB4AFE5C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6071967" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124997054" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6071967" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AFBB1AFFBDFF830D8FFD12FB4AFE5C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AFBB1AFFBDFF830D8FFD12FB4AFE5C" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="382" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">
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<subSubSection id="C31C5987FFBDFF820D8FFD12FECDFC9E" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFBDFF820D8FFD12FD71FD7C" blockId="26.[151,663,726,786]" box="[151,663,726,752]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">
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<heading id="D0F1BD60FFBDFF820D8FFD12FD71FD7C" bold="true" box="[151,663,726,752]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBDFF820D8FFD12FD71FD7C" authority="M'Intosh, 1885" authorityName="M'Intosh" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,663,726,752]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Melinnacheridae" genus="Melinnacheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levinseni">
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||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF820D8FFD12FD71FD7C" bold="true" box="[151,663,726,752]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">
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<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF820D8FFD12FE58FD7C" bold="true" box="[151,446,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Melinnacheres levinseni</emphasis>
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(M’Intosh, 1885)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFBDFF820D8FFD3DFECDFC9E" blockId="26.[151,663,726,786]" box="[151,299,761,786]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="133D1689FFBDFF820D87FD3DFF09FC9E" box="[159,239,761,786]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[236,1347,202,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[222,1361,193,1884]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Bradophila pygmaea Levinsen, 1878 (♂): A, anterior half of cephalothorax, ventral (A 1, antennule; A 2, antenna;? Mx 1, putative maxillule;? Mx 2, putative maxilla; pmp., postmaxillary process; Mxp, maxilliped; o., vestigial oral opening). Melinnacheres levinseni (M’Intosh, 1885): B, habitus ♀, dorsal; C, habitus ♀, ventral (A 1, antennule; A 2, antenna; Mx 2, maxilla; g. a., genital apertures)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262267/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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B, C)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31C5987FFBDFF820D8FFC85FC7EFC37" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFBDFF820D8FFC85FC24FCFA" blockId="26.[151,991,833,886]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">
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<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBDFF820D8FFC85FE09FCDB" authority="M'Intosh, 1885" authorityName="M'Intosh" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,495,833,855]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Melinnacheridae" genus="Oestrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levinseni">
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<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF820D8FFC85FEA9FCDB" box="[151,335,833,855]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">OEstrella levinseni</emphasis>
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M’Intosh, 1885
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</taxonomicName>
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—incorrect original spelling (ICZN Art. 32.5.2).
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<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBDFF820D8FFCA4FDD8FCFA" authority="M'Intosh, 1885" authorityName="M'Intosh" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,574,864,886]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Melinnacheridae" genus="Melinnacheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levinseni">
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<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF820D8FFCA4FE6BFCFA" box="[151,397,864,886]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Melinnacheres levinseni</emphasis>
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||
(M’Intosh, 1885)
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</taxonomicName>
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—new combination:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFBDFF820E0FFCA4FC58FCFA" author="Boxshall" box="[791,958,864,886]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" refString="Boxshall, G. A. (1977) On the synonymy of the genera Oestrella McIntosh, 1885, and Melinnacheres M. Sars, 1870. Crustaceana, 32, 214 - 215. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854077 X 00647" type="journal article" year="1977">Boxshall (1977)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFBDFF820D8FFC66FC7EFC37" blockId="26.[151,1436,930,2038]" box="[151,920,930,959]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">
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<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF820D8FFC66FE76FC37" bold="true" box="[151,400,930,955]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Original description.</emphasis>
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M’Intosh (1885): 477, Plate XXXIX A, fig. 11.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31C5987FFBDFF820DDFFC0DFC45FC6E" box="[199,931,969,994]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFBDFF820DDFFC0DFC45FC6E" blockId="26.[151,1436,930,2038]" box="[199,931,969,994]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">
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<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF820DDFFC0DFEE0FC6E" bold="true" box="[199,262,969,994]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Host.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBDFF820C15FC0DFD41FC6E" authority="M'Intosh, 1885" authorityName="M'Intosh" authorityYear="1885" box="[269,679,969,994]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Ehlersiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="atlantica">
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<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF820C15FC0DFE15FC6E" box="[269,499,969,994]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Ehlersiella atlantica</emphasis>
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M’Intosh, 1885
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</taxonomicName>
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(family
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<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBDFF820E10FC0DFC7EFC6E" box="[776,920,969,994]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Terebellidae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31C5987FFBDFF820DDFFC29FBA8FBFE" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFBDFF820DDFFC29FD1DFBA6" blockId="26.[151,1436,930,2038]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B6E0051FFBDFF820DDFFC29FD1DFBA6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316540603" collectorName="Trawled & H. M. S. Challenger" country="Bermuda" county="Azores" elevation="5" latitude="35.483334" location="Challenger station" longLatPrecision="1193" longitude="-50.883335" municipality="Mid Atlantic" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF820DDFFC29FE80FB8A" bold="true" box="[199,358,1005,1030]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">
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<typeStatus id="54BDB4AEFFBDFF820DDFFC29FEE4FB8A" box="[199,258,1005,1030]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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||
<collectorName id="26F36FDAFFBDFF820C76FC29FE2CFB8A" box="[366,458,1005,1030]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Trawled</collectorName>
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||
at
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<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF820CF7FC2AFD22FB8A" box="[495,708,1005,1030]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">
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||
<collectorName id="26F36FDAFFBDFF820CF7FC2AFD22FB8A" box="[495,708,1005,1030]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">
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H.M.S.
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||
<location id="8ED95CD7FFBDFF820F5EFC29FD22FB8A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AFBB1AFFBDFF830D8FFD12FB4AFE5C:8ED95CD7FFBDFF820F5EFC29FD22FB8A" box="[582,708,1005,1030]" country="Bermuda" county="Azores" latitude="35.483334" longLatPrecision="1193" longitude="-50.883335" municipality="Mid Atlantic" name="Challenger station" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Challenger</location>
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</collectorName>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
station 63 (
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BDD9076FFBDFF820E52FC29FC3BFB8A" box="[842,989,1005,1030]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Mid Atlantic</collectingMunicipality>
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||
between
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<collectingCountry id="F3114A9CFFBDFF820953FC29FB57FB8A" box="[1099,1201,1005,1030]" name="Bermuda" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCounty id="62D87280FFBDFF8209F2FC2AFADBFB8A" box="[1258,1341,1006,1030]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Azores</collectingCounty>
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),
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<geoCoordinate id="EE326CCBFFBDFF82084AFC29FF48FBA5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" precision="925" value="35.483334">35º29’ N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE326CCBFFBDFF820DA1FBD5FEC1FBA5" box="[185,295,1041,1066]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" precision="925" value="-50.883335">50º53’ W</geoCoordinate>
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; depth 2,750 fathoms (
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||
<quantity id="4CFEA7E9FFBDFF820F3EFBD5FD6EFBA6" box="[550,648,1041,1066]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.029" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" unit="m" value="5.029">
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||
<elevation id="002BED3FFFBDFF820F3EFBD5FD6EFBA6" box="[550,648,1041,1066]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.029" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" unit="m" value="5.029">5,029 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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||
); red clay.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFBDFF820DDFFBF1FBA8FBFE" blockId="26.[151,1436,930,2038]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">
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<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF820DDFFBF1FE52FBC2" bold="true" box="[199,436,1077,1102]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Holotype ♀ (NHMUK reg. no. 1934.4.24.2); attached to the posterior fragment of a syntype of
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<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBDFF820C0BFB9EFE70FBFE" box="[275,406,1113,1138]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Ehlersiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="atlantica">
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<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF820C0BFB9EFE70FBFE" box="[275,406,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">E. atlantica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NHMUK reg. no. 1934.85.12.1.373; collected
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<date id="FFB82CCCFFBDFF820EAAFB9EFBACFBFE" box="[946,1098,1114,1138]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" value="1873-06-19">19 June 1873</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31C5987FFBDFF830DDFFBB9FD36FECC" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="382" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFBDFF820DDFFBB9FD37FAC6" blockId="26.[151,1436,930,2038]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">
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<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF820DDFFBB9FEDDFB1A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1149,1174]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Remarks.</emphasis>
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M’Intosh (1885) described the body as 4-segmented but
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFBDFF820ED1FBB9FB66FB1A" author="Boxshall" box="[969,1152,1149,1174]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" refString="Boxshall, G. A. (1977) On the synonymy of the genera Oestrella McIntosh, 1885, and Melinnacheres M. Sars, 1870. Crustaceana, 32, 214 - 215. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854077 X 00647" type="journal article" year="1977">Boxshall (1977)</bibRefCitation>
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||
showed that the grooves separating these segments are only superficial and are probably artefacts caused by shrinkage during preservation and storage. A similar observational error was made by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFBDFF820E1BFB02FC63FB52" author="Sars" box="[771,901,1222,1246]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" refString="Sars, M. (1870) VII. Bidrag til Kundskab om Christianiafjordens Fauna. II. Crustacea. Beskrivelse af nye, paa annelider snyltende Copepodeformer. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, 17 (2), 113 - 160, plates 8 - 10." type="journal article" year="1870">Sars (1870)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who stated that the body of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBDFF8209A5FB02FA8CFB52" box="[1213,1386,1221,1246]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Melinnacheridae" genus="Melinnacheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ergasiloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF8209A5FB02FA8CFB52" box="[1213,1386,1221,1246]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">M. ergasiloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was 5-segmented. Bresciani & Lützen’s (1961, 1975) revealed in cross-sections the presence of several pairs of dorsoventral striated muscles which attach to integumental apodemes; contraction of these muscles causes more or less expressed transverse constrictions of the body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFBDFF820DDFFA91FDC6F8EA" blockId="26.[151,1436,930,2038]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">
|
||
Boxshall’s (1977) re-examination of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBDFF820F75FA93FD1FFAE2" box="[621,761,1365,1390]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Melinnacheridae" genus="Melinnacheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levinseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF820F75FA93FD1FFAE2" box="[621,761,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">M. levinseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
revealed the presence of three pairs of minute appendages which he identified as the antennules, antennae and maxillae. All three limbs, particularly the antennule, are much more reduced than in the other three members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBDFF820FD6FA59FC95FA3A" box="[718,883,1437,1462]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Melinnacheridae" genus="Melinnacheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF820FD6FA59FC95FA3A" box="[718,883,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Melinnacheres</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFBDFF820E9CFA59FB48FA3A" author="Bresciani" box="[900,1198,1437,1462]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" refString="Bresciani, J. & Lutzen, J. (1961) The anatomy of a parasitic copepod, Saccopsis steenstrupi n. sp. Crustaceana, 3, 9 - 23. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854061 X 00491" type="journal article" year="1961">Bresciani & Lützen (1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFBDFF8209A4FA59FB13FA3A" author="Bresciani" box="[1212,1269,1437,1462]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" refString="Bresciani, J. & Lutzen, J. (1975) Melinnacheres ergasiloides M. Sars, a parasitic copepod of the polychaete Melinna cristata, with notes on multiple infections caused by annelidicolous copepods. Ophelia, 13, 31 - 42. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00785326.1974.10430590" type="journal article" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) described the antennule in the adult female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBDFF820F11FA06FCB9FA56" authority="M. Sars, 1870" authorityName="M. Sars" authorityYear="1870" box="[521,863,1473,1498]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Melinnacheridae" genus="Melinnacheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ergasiloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF820F11FA06FD51FA56" box="[521,695,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">M. ergasiloides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFBDFF820FD8FA06FCB9FA56" author="Sars" box="[704,863,1474,1498]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" refString="Sars, M. (1870) VII. Bidrag til Kundskab om Christianiafjordens Fauna. II. Crustacea. Beskrivelse af nye, paa annelider snyltende Copepodeformer. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, 17 (2), 113 - 160, plates 8 - 10." type="journal article" year="1870">M. Sars, 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBDFF820E80FA06FA81FA56" authority="Bresciani & Lutzen, 1961" authorityName="Bresciani & Lutzen" authorityYear="1961" box="[920,1383,1473,1498]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Melinnacheridae" genus="Melinnacheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF820E80FA06FBDCFA55" box="[920,1082,1474,1497]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">M. steenstrupi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFBDFF82095AFA05FA81FA56" author="Bresciani" box="[1090,1383,1473,1498]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" refString="Bresciani, J. & Lutzen, J. (1961) The anatomy of a parasitic copepod, Saccopsis steenstrupi n. sp. Crustaceana, 3, 9 - 23. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854061 X 00491" type="journal article" year="1961">Bresciani & Lützen, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a moderately elongate, indistinctly segmented appendage carrying up to seven setae.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFBDFF820963FA21FAD3FA72" box="[1147,1333,1509,1534]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" refString="O'Reilly (2016) Parasitic and commensal polychaetes (Fams. Arabellidae and Sphaerodoridae) and copepods (Fam. Saccopsidae) associated with lamella-worms (Terebellides spp.) in Scottish, and nearby, waters. The Glasgow Naturalist, 26, 61 - 70." type="journal article">O’Reilly (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recently confirmed the same condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBDFF820F1FF9CEFC91F9AE" authority="Levinsen, 1870" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1870" box="[519,887,1545,1570]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Melinnacheridae" genus="Melinnacheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terebellides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF820F1FF9CEFD48F9AE" box="[519,686,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">M. terebellides</emphasis>
|
||
(Levinsen, 1870)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBDFF820E87F9CEFBCEF9AE" box="[927,1064,1545,1570]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Melinnacheridae" genus="Melinnacheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levinseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF820E87F9CEFBCEF9AE" box="[927,1064,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">M. levinseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the antennule is represented by a small, unarmed, lobate outgrowth and the antenna and maxilla do not show the typical striated pads found in the other congeners (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133D1689FFBDFF820C40F995FE4EF9E6" box="[344,424,1617,1642]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[236,1347,202,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[222,1361,193,1884]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Bradophila pygmaea Levinsen, 1878 (♂): A, anterior half of cephalothorax, ventral (A 1, antennule; A 2, antenna;? Mx 1, putative maxillule;? Mx 2, putative maxilla; pmp., postmaxillary process; Mxp, maxilliped; o., vestigial oral opening). Melinnacheres levinseni (M’Intosh, 1885): B, habitus ♀, dorsal; C, habitus ♀, ventral (A 1, antennule; A 2, antenna; Mx 2, maxilla; g. a., genital apertures)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262267/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C). Whether this can be interpreted as evidence in support of resurrecting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBDFF82081BF995FA8CF9E6" box="[1283,1386,1617,1642]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Melinnacheridae" genus="Oestrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF82081BF995FA8CF9E6" box="[1283,1386,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Oestrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a valid genus will depend on the morphology of the as yet unknown male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBDFF820EC4F9B3FB83F902" box="[988,1125,1653,1678]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Melinnacheridae" genus="Melinnacheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levinseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF820EC4F9B3FB83F902" box="[988,1125,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">M. levinseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFBDFF82096AF9B1FA71F902" author="Bresciani" box="[1138,1431,1653,1678]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" refString="Bresciani, J. & Lutzen, J. (1961) The anatomy of a parasitic copepod, Saccopsis steenstrupi n. sp. Crustaceana, 3, 9 - 23. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854061 X 00491" type="journal article" year="1961">Bresciani & Lützen (1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFBDFF820D8FF95DFF36F93E" author="Bresciani" box="[151,208,1689,1714]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" refString="Bresciani, J. & Lutzen, J. (1975) Melinnacheres ergasiloides M. Sars, a parasitic copepod of the polychaete Melinna cristata, with notes on multiple infections caused by annelidicolous copepods. Ophelia, 13, 31 - 42. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00785326.1974.10430590" type="journal article" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) identified the third and fourth pair of appendages in the males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBDFF820ED1F95EFB9EF93E" box="[969,1144,1689,1714]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Melinnacheridae" genus="Melinnacheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ergasiloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF820ED1F95EFB9EF93E" box="[969,1144,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">M. ergasiloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBDFF8209A8F95EFAB4F93D" box="[1200,1362,1690,1713]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Melinnacheridae" genus="Melinnacheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF8209A8F95EFAB4F93D" box="[1200,1362,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">M. steenstrupi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the mandibles and maxillae. The mandibular sexual dimorphism (the mandibles being absent in the female) observed in these species has not been recorded in other copepods and is considered unlikely. The third pair of limbs in the male is here interpreted as the maxillae and the fourth pair as the maxillipeds. This interpretation is in accordance with the condition in highly transformed female poecilostome copepods where maxillipeds are usually expressed in males but often lacking in females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFBDFF830DDFF8B5FD36FECC" blockId="26.[151,1436,930,2038]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="382" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">
|
||
M’Intosh (1885) observed two rounded lateral prominences at the posterior end of the body where the paired egg sacs attach. These prominences carry the paired genital apertures as in other species of the genus.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFBDFF82080DF851FEDAF85E" author="Bresciani" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" refString="Bresciani, J. & Lutzen, J. (1975) Melinnacheres ergasiloides M. Sars, a parasitic copepod of the polychaete Melinna cristata, with notes on multiple infections caused by annelidicolous copepods. Ophelia, 13, 31 - 42. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00785326.1974.10430590" type="journal article" year="1975">Bresciani & Lützen (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a small anal prominence dorsally near the genital swellings in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBDFF8209ACF87EFA81F85E" box="[1204,1383,1977,2002]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Melinnacheridae" genus="Melinnacheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ergasiloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF8209ACF87EFA81F85E" box="[1204,1383,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">M. ergasiloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and confirmed its absence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBDFF820CB6F81BFDA8F879" box="[430,590,2014,2038]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Melinnacheridae" genus="Melinnacheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBDFF820CB6F81BFDA8F879" box="[430,590,2014,2038]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">M. steenstrupi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which lacks a functional anus. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFBDFF82095FF819FB1AF87A" author="Boxshall" box="[1095,1276,2013,2038]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" refString="Boxshall, G. A. (1977) On the synonymy of the genera Oestrella McIntosh, 1885, and Melinnacheres M. Sars, 1870. Crustaceana, 32, 214 - 215. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854077 X 00647" type="journal article" year="1977">Boxshall (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a much larger conspicuous anal prominence is present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBCFF830F64FF5DFCE1FF3C" box="[636,775,151,176]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Melinnacheridae" genus="Melinnacheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="27" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levinseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBCFF830F64FF5DFCE1FF3C" box="[636,775,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="382">M. levinseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and this structure was compared by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFBCFF8309BEFF53FADEFF3C" author="Stock" box="[1190,1336,151,176]" pageId="27" pageNumber="382" refString="Stock, J. H. (1986) Cases of hyperassociation in the Copepoda (Herpyllobiidae and Nereicolidae). Systematic Parasitology, 8, 71 - 81. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00010311" type="journal article" year="1986">Stock (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with the medio-terminal swelling found between the genital apertures in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBCFF830EDBFF78FBB3FF59" box="[963,1109,188,213]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Herpyllobiidae" genus="Herpyllobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="27" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBCFF830EDBFF78FBB3FF59" box="[963,1109,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="382">Herpyllobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFBCFF830820FF78FF07FF74" author="Boxshall" pageId="27" pageNumber="382" refString="Boxshall, G. A. (1977) On the synonymy of the genera Oestrella McIntosh, 1885, and Melinnacheres M. Sars, 1870. Crustaceana, 32, 214 - 215. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854077 X 00647" type="journal article" year="1977">Boxshall (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed the female in ventral aspect only and made no mention of the genital apertures. Re-examination of the posterior region in dorsal aspect (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133D1689FFBCFF830F58FEC0FD77FE90" box="[576,657,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[236,1347,202,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[222,1361,193,1884]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Bradophila pygmaea Levinsen, 1878 (♂): A, anterior half of cephalothorax, ventral (A 1, antennule; A 2, antenna;? Mx 1, putative maxillule;? Mx 2, putative maxilla; pmp., postmaxillary process; Mxp, maxilliped; o., vestigial oral opening). Melinnacheres levinseni (M’Intosh, 1885): B, habitus ♀, dorsal; C, habitus ♀, ventral (A 1, antennule; A 2, antenna; Mx 2, maxilla; g. a., genital apertures)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/262267/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="382">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
B) revealed the presence of paired genital apertures, the right one of which corresponds to the alleged anal prominence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31C5987FFBCFF830DDFFE88FB4AFE5C" pageId="27" pageNumber="382" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFBCFF830DDFFE88FB4AFE5C" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="382">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBCFF830DDFFE88FE3EFEE9" box="[199,472,332,357]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Melinnacheridae" genus="Melinnacheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="27" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levinseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBCFF830DDFFE88FE3EFEE9" box="[199,472,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="382">Melinnacheres levinseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected at
|
||
<quantity id="4CFEA7E9FFBCFF830F85FE88FD1CFEE8" box="[669,762,332,357]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.029" pageId="27" pageNumber="382" unit="m" value="5.029">5,029 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, representing the deepest record of an annelidicolous copepod so far and the only one recorded below the
|
||
<quantity id="4CFEA7E9FFBCFF830FF1FEABFCA0FE0B" box="[745,838,367,392]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="382" unit="m" value="5.0">5,000 m</quantity>
|
||
bathymetric mark. The second deepest record is that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFBCFF830DAEFE50FC63FE21" authority="Conradi, Bandera, Marin & Martin, 2015" authorityName="Conradi, Bandera, Marin & Martin" authorityYear="2015" box="[182,901,404,429]" class="Maxillopoda" genus="Ophelicola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclopoida" pageId="27" pageNumber="382" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurambia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBCFF830DAEFE50FE41FE21" box="[182,423,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="382">Ophelicola kurambia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFBCFF830CB7FE50FC63FE21" author="Conradi" box="[431,901,404,429]" pageId="27" pageNumber="382" refString="Conradi, M., Bandera, M. E., Marin, I. & Martin, D. (2015) Polychaete-parasitizing copepods from the deep-sea Kuril - Kamchatka Trench (Pacific Ocean), with the description of a new Ophelicola species and comments on the currently known annelidicolous copepods. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 111, 147 - 165. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2014.08.018" type="journal article" year="2015">Conradi, Bandera, Marin & Martin, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which was recently collected from an opheliid host at
|
||
<quantity id="4CFEA7E9FFBCFF830DF0FE7CFE65FE43" box="[232,387,440,464]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.989" metricValueMax="4.991" metricValueMin="4.987" pageId="27" pageNumber="382" unit="m" value="4989.0" valueMax="4991.0" valueMin="4987.0">4987–4991 m</quantity>
|
||
in the Kurile
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C2C4EEFFBCFF830F06FE73FD7BFE5C" box="[542,669,439,464]" country="Russia" name="Kamchatka" pageId="27" pageNumber="382">Kamchatka</collectingRegion>
|
||
trench and abyssal plain (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFBCFF830ED9FE73FB46FE5C" author="Conradi" box="[961,1184,439,464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="382" refString="Conradi, M., Bandera, M. E., Marin, I. & Martin, D. (2015) Polychaete-parasitizing copepods from the deep-sea Kuril - Kamchatka Trench (Pacific Ocean), with the description of a new Ophelicola species and comments on the currently known annelidicolous copepods. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 111, 147 - 165. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2014.08.018" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Conradi
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFBCFF83093CFE7DFBBAFE5C" box="[1060,1116,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="382">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |