168 lines
24 KiB
XML
168 lines
24 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="70AABA299BAB29396F70CA4BDECA213C">Enigmas from the past: M’Intosh’s (1885) annelidicolous copepods from the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03AFBB1AFFA8FF880D8FFA64FD97FC0C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6071953" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124997060" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6071953" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AFBB1AFFA8FF880D8FFA64FD97FC0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AFBB1AFFA8FF880D8FFA64FD97FC0C" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="370" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">
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<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFA8FF970D8FFA64FD7EFA36" blockId="15.[151,664,1440,1466]" box="[151,664,1440,1466]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">
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<heading id="D0F1BD60FFA8FF970D8FFA64FD7EFA36" bold="true" box="[151,664,1440,1466]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B972D61EFFA8FF970D8FFA64FD7EFA36" bold="true" box="[151,664,1440,1466]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFA8FF970DEEFA64FD7EFA36" authority="Marchenkov, 2002" authorityName="Marchenkov" authorityYear="2002" box="[246,664,1440,1466]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Bradophilidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Bradophilidae
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFA8FF970CA8FA64FD7EFA36" author="Marchenkov" box="[432,664,1440,1466]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" refString="Marchenkov, A. V. (2002) Bradophilidae fam. nov. - the new family of mesoparasitic copepod collected from the polychaete Brada villosa from the White Sea. Parazitologiya, 36, 514 - 516. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2002">Marchenkov, 2002</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB90A0CFFA8FF880D8FFA23FD97FC0C" blockId="15.[151,1436,1511,2004]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,151,896]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="371" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">
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Marchenkov (1999) suggested that the monotypic genus
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFA8FF970E3CFA23FC42F98C" box="[804,932,1511,1536]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Bradophilidae" genus="Bradophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B972D61EFFA8FF970E3CFA23FC42F98C" box="[804,932,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">Bradophila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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belonged in a separate family and formally established it a few years later (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFA8FF970F17F9CFFD00F9AF" author="Marchenkov" box="[527,742,1547,1572]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" refString="Marchenkov, A. V. (2002) Bradophilidae fam. nov. - the new family of mesoparasitic copepod collected from the polychaete Brada villosa from the White Sea. Parazitologiya, 36, 514 - 516. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2002">Marchenkov 2002</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The
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<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFA8FF970E2BF9CFFC34F9A8" box="[819,978,1547,1572]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Bradophilidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bradophilidae</taxonomicName>
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is one of six families of mesoparasitic copepods which have adult females that are highly transformed and live partially embedded in their polychaete hosts, the other five being the
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<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFA8FF970F4DF997FCE6F9E0" box="[597,768,1619,1644]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Herpyllobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Herpyllobiidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFA8FF970E05F997FC02F9E0" box="[797,996,1619,1644]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Jasmineiricolidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Jasmineiricolidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFA8FF970918F997FB55F9E0" box="[1024,1203,1619,1644]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Phyllodicolidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phyllodicolidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFA8FF9709C8F997FABDF9E0" box="[1232,1371,1619,1644]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Saccopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Saccopsidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFA8FF970D8FF9B3FD93F91C" authority="Boxshall et al. 2015" authorityName="Boxshall et al." authorityYear="2015" box="[151,629,1655,1680]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Xenocoelomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Xenocoelomatidae (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFA8FF970C63F9B3FD88F91C" author="Boxshall" box="[379,622,1655,1680]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" refString="Boxshall, G. A., O'Reilly, M., Sikorski, A. & Summerfield, R. (2015) A new genus and family of copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda) parasitic on polychaetes of the genus Jasmineira Langerhans, 1880 (family Sabellidae) in the northeastern Atlantic. Zootaxa, 4018 (3), 426 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4018.3.6" type="journal article" year="2015">
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Boxshall
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<emphasis id="B972D61EFFA8FF970CF3F9BCFDC0F91C" box="[491,550,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="370">et al.</emphasis>
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2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Members of the latter family are radically different, mostly internal, parasites maintaining only a small aperture through the host’s body wall through which paired egg sacs are extruded. Adults of both sexes lack all trace of appendages and the three known species are cryptogonochoristic, with males reduced to a functional testis housed within a receptaculum masculinum inside the female body (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFA8FF970D86F8C3FE2FF893" author="Bresciani" box="[158,457,1799,1824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" refString="Bresciani, J. & Lutzen, J. (1974) On the biology and development of Aphanodomus Wilson (Xenocoelomidae), a parasitic copepod of the polychaete Thelepus cincinnatus. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i KjObenhavn, 137, 25 - 63." type="journal article" year="1974">Bresciani & Lützen 1974</bibRefCitation>
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||
). In the
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFA8FF970F37F8C3FD5FF8AC" box="[559,697,1799,1824]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Saccopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Saccopsidae</taxonomicName>
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both the ovaries and digestive system are contained within the external sac-like body which connects via a short stalk with the internal holdfast or frontal bulla. The latter is a simple ring-shaped thickening of the cuticle surrounding the oral region and penetrates the blood vessels of the host’s gills (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFA8FF970C39F8B7FDA4F800" author="Bresciani" box="[289,578,1907,1932]" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" refString="Bresciani, J. & Lutzen, J. (1961) The anatomy of a parasitic copepod, Saccopsis steenstrupi n. sp. Crustaceana, 3, 9 - 23. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854061 X 00491" type="journal article" year="1961">Bresciani & Lützen 1961</bibRefCitation>
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||
) or opens into the connective tissues of the body wall (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFA8FF9709A4F8B7FF35F83C" author="Bresciani" pageId="15" pageNumber="370" refString="Bresciani, J. & Lutzen, J. (1975) Melinnacheres ergasiloides M. Sars, a parasitic copepod of the polychaete Melinna cristata, with notes on multiple infections caused by annelidicolous copepods. Ophelia, 13, 31 - 42. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00785326.1974.10430590" type="journal article" year="1975">Bresciani & Lützen 1975</bibRefCitation>
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). Adult females of the other four families share a bipartite body comprising an ectosoma lying external to the body wall of the host, and an endosoma which is embedded within the host. In the sole member of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB7FF880D8FFF53FEBDFF3C" box="[151,347,151,176]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Jasmineiricolidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Jasmineiricolidae</taxonomicName>
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the female reproductive organs are located in the endosoma (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFB7FF880915FF53FB15FF3C" author="Boxshall" box="[1037,1267,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" refString="Boxshall, G. A., O'Reilly, M., Sikorski, A. & Summerfield, R. (2015) A new genus and family of copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda) parasitic on polychaetes of the genus Jasmineira Langerhans, 1880 (family Sabellidae) in the northeastern Atlantic. Zootaxa, 4018 (3), 426 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4018.3.6" type="journal article" year="2015">
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||
Boxshall
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||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB7FF880962FF5DFB54FF3C" box="[1146,1202,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">et al.</emphasis>
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2015
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
) while in adult females of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB7FF880C59FF78FE0FFF59" box="[321,489,188,213]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Herpyllobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Herpyllobiidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB7FF880F3AFF78FD34FF59" box="[546,722,188,213]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Phyllodicolidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phyllodicolidae</taxonomicName>
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the ectosoma is essentially the reproductive tagma, containing the ovaries. The condition in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB7FF880F33FF1BFD2CFF74" box="[555,714,223,248]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Bradophilidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bradophilidae</taxonomicName>
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remains equivocal (see below). Adult females in the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB7FF880D8FFEC0FEA1FE91" box="[151,327,260,285]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Phyllodicolidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phyllodicolidae</taxonomicName>
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||
have a unique
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<typeStatus id="54BDB4AEFFB7FF880F1CFEC1FDD2FE91" box="[516,564,261,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">type</typeStatus>
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of endosoma, represented by a pair of elongate rootlets, and, rather than producing genuine egg sacs, attach their eggs separately to an axial filament originating at the genital aperture (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFB7FF880D86FE88FD91FEE9" author="Delamare-Deboutteville" box="[158,631,332,357]" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" refString="Delamare-Deboutteville, C. & Laubier, L. (1960 a) Les Phyllocolidae, une famille nouvelle de Copepodes parasites d'Annelides Polychetes. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, 251, 2083 - 2085." type="journal article" year="1960" yearSuffix="a">Delamare-Deboutteville & Laubier 1960a</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFB7FF880F99FE88FCFDFEE9" author="Laubier" box="[641,795,332,357]" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" refString="Laubier, L. (1961) Phyllodicola petiti (Delamare et Laubier, 1960) et la famille des Phyllodicolidae, Copepodes parasites d'Annelides Polychetes en Mediterranee occidentale. Crustaceana, 2, 228 - 242. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854061 X 00202" type="journal article" year="1961">Laubier 1961</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Members of the remaining two families,
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<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB7FF8809ECFE88FA7AFEE9" box="[1268,1436,332,357]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Herpyllobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Herpyllobiidae</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB7FF880DD5FEABFE88FE04" box="[205,366,367,392]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Bradophilidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bradophilidae</taxonomicName>
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||
, differ from each other primarily in the structure of the female endosoma and the gross morphology of the male (
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB7FF880CA0FE51FE06FE20" box="[440,480,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
Lützen 1966;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFB7FF880F9DFE50FCB3FE20" author="Marchenkov" box="[645,853,404,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" refString="Marchenkov, A. V. (2002) Bradophilidae fam. nov. - the new family of mesoparasitic copepod collected from the polychaete Brada villosa from the White Sea. Parazitologiya, 36, 514 - 516. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2002">Marchenkov 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFB7FF880E78FE50FB78FE21" author="Lopez-Gonzalez" box="[864,1182,404,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" refString="Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J., Bresciani, J. & Conradi, M. (2006) New genus, three new species and new records of Herpyllobiidae Hansen, 1892 (Crustacea, Copepoda), parasites of polychaetes from Antarctica. Scientia marina, 70, 243 - 259." type="journal article" year="2006">
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||
López-González
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||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB7FF880939FE51FBBCFE21" box="[1057,1114,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB7FF880804FE50FA7AFE21" box="[1308,1436,404,429]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Bradophilidae" genus="Bradophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB7FF880804FE50FA7AFE21" box="[1308,1436,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">Bradophila</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
have large prehensile antennae, robust subchelate maxillipeds and conspicuous caudal processes, all of which are used to attach to the ectosoma of the female (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFB7FF880FAAFE18FBEDFE79" author="Marchenkov" box="[690,1035,476,501]" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" refString="Marchenkov, A. V. (2002) Bradophilidae fam. nov. - the new family of mesoparasitic copepod collected from the polychaete Brada villosa from the White Sea. Parazitologiya, 36, 514 - 516. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2002">Marchenkov 2002; this study</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The highly reduced males in the
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB7FF880D8FFE3BFED9FD94" box="[151,319,511,536]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Herpyllobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Herpyllobiidae</taxonomicName>
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||
all lack appendages (except for a pair of putative maxillipeds in
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<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB7FF880948FE3BFE2DFDB1" authority="Lopez-Gonzalez, Bresciani & Conradi, 2006" authorityName="Lopez-Gonzalez, Bresciani & Conradi" authorityYear="2006" class="Maxillopoda" family="Herpyllobiidae" genus="Gottoniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB7FF880948FE3BFB36FD94" box="[1104,1232,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">Gottoniella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFB7FF8809C4FE3BFE2DFDB1" author="Lopez-Gonzalez" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" refString="Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J., Bresciani, J. & Conradi, M. (2006) New genus, three new species and new records of Herpyllobiidae Hansen, 1892 (Crustacea, Copepoda), parasites of polychaetes from Antarctica. Scientia marina, 70, 243 - 259." type="journal article" year="2006">López-González, Bresciani & Conradi, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). While herpyllobiids have dwarf males, typically being at least an order of magnitude smaller than the female, such extreme size sexual dimorphism is not encountered in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB7FF88099CFD83FAC0FDEC" box="[1156,1318,583,608]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Bradophilidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bradophilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unlike in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB7FF880D8FFDA8FEF1FD09" box="[151,279,620,645]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Bradophilidae" genus="Bradophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB7FF880D8FFDA8FEF1FD09" box="[151,279,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">Bradophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male attachment in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB7FF880F21FDA8FD07FD09" box="[569,737,620,645]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Herpyllobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Herpyllobiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be by means of a secretion in the vicinity of the genital apertures of the female. In addition to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BDB4AEFFB7FF880FE3FD54FCCDFD24" box="[763,811,656,680]" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">type</typeStatus>
|
||
genus, the poorly known genera
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB7FF8809DFFD4BFA80FD24" box="[1223,1382,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">Trophoniphila</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB7FF880D8FFD70FE2BFD40" authority="Gravier, 1918a" authorityName="Gravier" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,461,692,717]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Bradophilidae" genus="Flabellicola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB7FF880D8FFD70FEC6FD41" box="[151,288,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">Flabellicola</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFB7FF880C3EFD70FE2BFD40" author="Gravier" box="[294,461,692,717]" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" refString="Gravier, C. J. (1918 a) Sur un nouveau Copepode (Flabellicola n. g. neapolitana n. sp.) parasite d'un Annelide polychete [Flabelligera diplochaitos (Otto)]. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 166, 502 - 505. [published 25 March]" type="journal article" year="1918" yearSuffix="a">Gravier, 1918a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are here also included in the family on the basis of the absence of cephalic appendages in the adult female, the shape and size of the egg sacs and their utilization of bristle-cage worms (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB7FF8809F1FD13FA73FD7C" box="[1257,1429,727,752]" class="Polychaeta" family="Flabelligeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Flabelligeridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as hosts. Since both genera are only known from the less informative mesoparasitic female it is possible that they will be relegated to junior subjective synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C06718FFFB7FF880FEAFCDBFC94FCB4" box="[754,882,799,824]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Bradophilidae" genus="Bradophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilostomatoida" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB7FF880FEAFCDBFC94FCB4" box="[754,882,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">Bradophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
when information about their respective males becomes available. Bradophilids are very rarely reported but it is known that other as yet undescribed species occur in European waters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9777FDFFB7FF880C65FCA3FD83FC0C" author="Boxshall" box="[381,613,871,896]" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" refString="Boxshall, G. A., O'Reilly, M., Sikorski, A. & Summerfield, R. (2015) A new genus and family of copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda) parasitic on polychaetes of the genus Jasmineira Langerhans, 1880 (family Sabellidae) in the northeastern Atlantic. Zootaxa, 4018 (3), 426 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4018.3.6" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Boxshall
|
||
<emphasis id="B972D61EFFB7FF880CF2FCADFDC4FC0C" box="[490,546,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |