131 lines
18 KiB
XML
131 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="27B73A671D128AEB6030D1A3D4303CA2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5074595" ID-ZooBank="A1982CE0-AD2F-496B-80AB-FB3C4FA69F7A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625556599242" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Monniot, Francoise" docDate="2021" docId="03A6FD6CFF8FE82D55E3379BFE7AFE61" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4996.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4996 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Culeolus recumbens Herdman 1882" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="465" masterDocId="FF9F8514FF9AE83B5574370CFFBCFFCC" masterDocTitle="New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region" masterLastPageNumber="468" masterPageNumber="443" pageNumber="464" updateTime="1698992134275" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="A21423C1ABBC053F00362630391D24B1">New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="20280BBE91D760EC5D819193648FD4E8">Monniot, Francoise</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="171763FA6695CE9F207740E0A4A02EEC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="62354C7123E1C5D8150E34ED11C28DE2">
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<mods:date id="1C4F257BD1DB1BBBDC0817B21B115447">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="ADC1340B6B404D730CBDA4FD24F4C1FF">2021-07-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DF1ADDD187ACFFA60EF38F759BCB5E65">4996</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B3C0E9B83773A8C34723C81AFF0333E6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EA3D460FEA556D94A5B43A8009060B36" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A6FD6CFF8FE82D55E3379BFE7AFE61" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074707" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5074707" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A6FD6CFF8FE82D55E3379BFE7AFE61" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6FD6CFF8FE82D55E3379BFE7AFE61" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="465" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">
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<subSubSection id="C3151FF1FF8FE82E55E3379BFDECFF7D" box="[151,592,151,178]" pageId="21" pageNumber="464" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF8FE82E55E3379BFDECFF7D" blockId="21.[151,592,151,213]" box="[151,592,151,178]" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">
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<heading id="D0F8FB16FF8FE82E55E3379BFDECFF7D" bold="true" box="[151,592,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="464" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF8FE82E55E3379BFDECFF7D" authority="Herdman 1882" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,592,151,178]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="21" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="recumbens">
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<emphasis id="B97B9068FF8FE82E55E3379BFDECFF7D" bold="true" box="[151,592,151,178]" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis id="B97B9068FF8FE82E55E3379BFE32FF7E" bold="true" box="[151,398,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">Culeolus recumbens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E318BFF8FE82E54E1379BFDECFF7D" author="Herdman, W. B." box="[405,592,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref9408" refString="Herdman, W. B. (1882) Report on the Tunicata collected during the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Part 1. Ascidiae simplices. Report on the Scientific results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, VI, 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1882">Herdman 1882</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3151FF1FF8FE82E55E337B7FC62FED1" pageId="21" pageNumber="464" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF8FE82E55E337B7FEBFFF19" blockId="21.[151,592,151,213]" box="[151,259,187,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">
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<figureCitation id="133450FFFF8FE82E55E337B7FEBFFF19" box="[151,259,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1420,1444]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,437,1395]" captionTargetId="figure-66@21.[151,1435,437,1396]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 20. Culeolus recumbens. A two specimens; B, body ventrally opened; C, gut and gonads; D, other specimen ventrally opened; Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074645/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">Figure 20</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF8FE82E55E3360FFC62FED1" blockId="21.[151,990,259,286]" box="[151,990,259,286]" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">Stations: Kanadeep CP 5062; cp 5087; cp 5092; cp 5093. Eight specimens.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3151FF1FF8FE82E55E33644FAACF8FC" pageId="21" pageNumber="464" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF8FE82E55E33644FE9CFE51" blockId="21.[151,1436,328,413]" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF8FE82E55E33644FDB3FEAC" authority="Herdman 1882" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,527,328,352]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="21" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="recumbens">
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<emphasis id="B97B9068FF8FE82E55E33644FED4FEAC" box="[151,360,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">Culeolus recumbens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E318BFF8FE82E54053644FDB3FEAC" author="Herdman, W. B." box="[369,527,328,352]" pageId="21" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref9408" refString="Herdman, W. B. (1882) Report on the Tunicata collected during the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Part 1. Ascidiae simplices. Report on the Scientific results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, VI, 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1882">Herdman 1882</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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: South West Indian Ocean;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E318BFF8FE82E56433644FBF0FEAC" author="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F." box="[823,1100,328,352]" pageId="21" pageNumber="464" pagination="95 - 130" refId="ref9768" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1982) Some Antarctic deep-sea tunicates in the Smithsonian collections. In: Biology of the Antarctic seas. 10. Antarctic Research Series, 32, pp. 95 - 130. https: // doi. org / 10.1029 / AR 032 p 0095" type="journal article" year="1982">Monniot & Monniot 1982</bibRefCitation>
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: Antarctic; Monniot & Monniot 199:
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<collectingCountry id="F3180CEAFF8FE82E5589366BFE23FEB2" box="[253,415,358,382]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E318BFF8FE82E54DF366AFCBFFEB2" author="Monniot, F. & Lopez-Legentil, S." box="[427,771,358,382]" pageId="21" pageNumber="464" pagination="529 - 538" refId="ref10008" refString="Monniot, F. & Lopez-Legentil, S. (2017) Deep-Sea ascidians from Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa, 4276 (4), 529 - 538. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4276.4.5" type="journal article" year="2017">Monniot & López-Legentil 2017</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="F3180CEAFF8FE82E567A366BFC65FEB2" box="[782,985,358,382]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E318BFF8FE82E5692366AFAA0FEB2" author="Sanamyan, K. E. & Sanamyan, N. P." box="[998,1308,358,382]" pageId="21" pageNumber="464" pagination="1835 - 1876" refId="ref10221" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. & Sanamyan, N. P. (1999) Some benthic Tunicata from the southern Indo-Pacific Ocean. Journal of Natural history, 33, 1835 - 1876. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 002229399299761" type="journal article" year="1999">Sanamyan & Sanamyan 1999</bibRefCitation>
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: North
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<collectingCountry id="F3180CEAFF8FE82E5018366BFEA0FE51" name="New Zealand" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF701CF2FF8FE82E55E33280FE1FFA04" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074645" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5074645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074645/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="464" startId="21.[151,250,1420,1444]" targetBox="[151,1435,437,1395]" targetPageId="21">
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<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF8FE82E55E33280FE1FFA04" blockId="21.[151,1436,1420,1480]" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis id="B97B9068FF8FE82E55E33280FE9CFA68" bold="true" box="[151,288,1420,1444]" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF8FE82E54513280FE4EFA68" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1882" box="[293,498,1420,1444]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="21" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="recumbens">
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<emphasis id="B97B9068FF8FE82E54513280FE4EFA68" box="[293,498,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">Culeolus recumbens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A two specimens; B, body ventrally opened; C, gut and gonads; D, other specimen ventrally opened; Scale bars = 1cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF8FE82E55E332FAFAACF8FC" blockId="21.[151,1437,1526,2021]" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">
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All specimens have the same shape with a triangular body held on a long stiff peduncle ending in a tuft of filaments (
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<figureCitation id="133450FFFF8FE82E55D43116FEB6F9F9" box="[160,266,1562,1589]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1420,1444]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,437,1395]" captionTargetId="figure-66@21.[151,1435,437,1396]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 20. Culeolus recumbens. A two specimens; B, body ventrally opened; C, gut and gonads; D, other specimen ventrally opened; Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074645/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
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). They are different sizes; the largest has a
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<quantity id="4CF7E19FFF8FE82E57883117FC90F9F9" box="[764,812,1563,1589]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="464" unit="cm" value="3.0">3cm</quantity>
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head and a peduncle
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<quantity id="4CF7E19FFF8FE82E51533116FBDAF9F9" box="[1063,1126,1562,1589]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="464" unit="cm" value="15.0">15cm</quantity>
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long. The tunic is thin and soft on the head, spotted with button-like papillae with some adhering sand. A half ring of larger papillae encircles ventrally the anterior part of the body at some distance from the atrial aperture. The peduncle is flexible but harder, totally encrusted inserted at the side of the oral aperture. The body wall is thin and transparent with well spaced muscular bundles extending from the siphons and crossing the body sides (
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<figureCitation id="133450FFFF8FE82E568431A6FBC7F909" box="[1008,1147,1706,1733]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1420,1444]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,437,1395]" captionTargetId="figure-66@21.[151,1435,437,1396]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 20. Culeolus recumbens. A two specimens; B, body ventrally opened; C, gut and gonads; D, other specimen ventrally opened; Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074645/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">Fig. 20B–D</figureCitation>
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). All specimens are damaged with the branchial sac and often the gonads and gut ejected through the atrial siphon. The oral tentacles are particularly long overlapping within the oral aperture. The dorsal tubercle opens in a slit above an elongated neural ganglion. The prepharyngeal band curves in a deep dorsal V. The dorsal lamina has large flat languets.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3151FF1FF8FE82D55B33037FE7AFE61" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="465" pageId="21" pageNumber="464" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF8FE82E55B33037FD15F8B4" blockId="21.[151,1437,1526,2021]" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">It is difficult to determine if the branchial longitudinal vessels form three or four low folds on each side; in a specimen a tentative formula on the left side is:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF8FE82E55B3308FFE5FF851" blockId="21.[151,1437,1526,2021]" box="[199,483,1922,1949]" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">DL – 1 (4) 2 (4) 3 (3) 6 E</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF8FE82D55B330AAFD77FE8D" blockId="21.[151,1437,1526,2021]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="465" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">
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The digestive loop is long and opened (
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<figureCitation id="133450FFFF8FE82E57FC30AAFCADF80D" box="[648,785,1958,1985]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1420,1444]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,437,1395]" captionTargetId="figure-66@21.[151,1435,437,1396]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 20. Culeolus recumbens. A two specimens; B, body ventrally opened; C, gut and gonads; D, other specimen ventrally opened; Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074645/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">Fig. 20B, C</figureCitation>
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). The narrow stomach is covered by a digestive gland divided into several papillated lobes. The anus has numerous lobes. The gonads (
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<figureCitation id="133450FFFF8FE82E517230C6FB33F829" box="[1030,1167,1994,2021]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1420,1444]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,437,1395]" captionTargetId="figure-66@21.[151,1435,437,1396]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 20. Culeolus recumbens. A two specimens; B, body ventrally opened; C, gut and gonads; D, other specimen ventrally opened; Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074645/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="464">Fig. 20B–D</figureCitation>
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). are variable in number on each side according to the specimens, they can be from three to nine on the right side and from four to six on the left inside the gut loop. Their shape is uncommon for the genus they are similar to polycarps of the genus
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<emphasis id="B97B9068FF8CE82D506A37B7FA20FF19" box="[1310,1436,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="465">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF8CE82D506A37B7FA2AFF19" box="[1310,1430,187,213]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="22" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Polycarpa</taxonomicName>
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:
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</emphasis>
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testis and ovary are joined in a round gland with short joined ducts (
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<figureCitation id="133450FFFF8CE82D56E637D3FBA5FF35" box="[914,1049,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1420,1444]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,437,1395]" captionTargetId="figure-66@21.[151,1435,437,1396]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 20. Culeolus recumbens. A two specimens; B, body ventrally opened; C, gut and gonads; D, other specimen ventrally opened; Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074645/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="465">Fig. 20B, C</figureCitation>
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). One large endocarp is located on the body wall anterior to the gonads and another endocarp lies at the top of the intestine loop. No other endocarps were found. No spicules where seen in the tissues.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF8CE82D55B33647FE7AFE61" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="22" pageNumber="465">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF8CE82D55B33647FE15FEA9" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1882" box="[199,425,331,357]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="22" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="recumbens">
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<emphasis id="B97B9068FF8CE82D55B33647FE15FEA9" box="[199,425,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="465">Culeolus recumbens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from other species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF8CE82D57853647FCE9FEA9" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1881" box="[753,853,331,357]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="22" pageNumber="465" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97B9068FF8CE82D57853647FCE9FEA9" box="[753,853,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="465">Culeolus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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present in
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<collectingCountry id="F3180CEAFF8CE82D56BB3647FBC0FEA9" box="[975,1148,331,357]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="22" pageNumber="465">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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by having several gonads on each side in the shape of polycarps. The external body shape may lead to confusion with other sandy pedunculate species of the same region.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |