treatments-xml/data/03/A6/FD/03A6FD6CFF88E82F55E33002FCCAFD65.xml

<document id="D5EBF1A613A1BCF1745E1AFDBD0E7CE4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5074595" ID-ZooBank="A1982CE0-AD2F-496B-80AB-FB3C4FA69F7A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625556599242" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Monniot, Francoise" docDate="2021" docId="03A6FD6CFF88E82F55E33002FCCAFD65" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4996.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4996 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Culeolus herdmani Sluiter 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="463" masterDocId="FF9F8514FF9AE83B5574370CFFBCFFCC" masterDocTitle="New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region" masterLastPageNumber="468" masterPageNumber="443" pageNumber="461" updateTime="1698992134275" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="FA55494B8B3A3598C2F858618CA0B296" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="660E319B06479945169C65C64AB4E7AC">
<mods:title id="46CC579DD3B4E553BA1DF0F6C880A07A">New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="45F461B2276D8C77B14A96326AF94D4A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D60D61918EB22FD4F4976081FE69029B">
<mods:roleTerm id="231D5ADDFABBC048AAE20584EE5BCFAC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B33002CEB909153CB935878E14DC03D5">Monniot, Francoise</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="638D2BC082069E8753CADAC3F94A8F4B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="B67225987FC4373EB69F247A642CD061" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="5454BA4FCFFA4780CF542E2FA2CE8A53">
<mods:title id="3AF5541D8D9D538C6D39AFB6B294772A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="53D3490ADF9FCEB97FB5268DD14AE259">
<mods:date id="12C13DE8E3C7891B066E0A689CDEFE17">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4CAF10ED8DA656EF99E95163024A318D" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="ADEDC27FBB0CA11ADE726078B89D726B">2021-07-06</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="167660EFD09A6650C696B713EA69D877" type="volume">
<mods:number id="AA0412182A42D4B6457DDEFCFD01FE1F">4996</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9101F4398CDA0C08F4DD6BD81A4F6D32" type="issue">
<mods:number id="3E9AB57C8F10C8A53D7220073F354B3D">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="8F7F6FF4A167B004C4199EA715B7B52F" unit="page">
<mods:start id="3C188E0DF608B76D39036CE4CF5DBE49">443</mods:start>
<mods:end id="E83D39BF0A8CA60129A266FE899AD279">468</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="91B91EECFF170370214237A5831D50A5">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3E1D17CB3757DCDB3771D2858E5D8D81" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8FBCB044FB4BA9C626A66D2ABABC13FE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="58C34B96EEE3432328C8F3A5231FE469" type="Zenodo-Dep">5074595</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5ACC1DBC40E14ECB228B807E2DD4A7BD" type="ZooBank">A1982CE0-AD2F-496B-80AB-FB3C4FA69F7A</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A6FD6CFF88E82F55E33002FCCAFD65" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A6FD6CFF88E82F55E33002FCCAFD65" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6FD6CFF88E82F55E33002FCCAFD65" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="463" pageId="18" pageNumber="461">
<subSubSection id="C3151FF1FF88E82955E33002FD9FF8E4" box="[151,547,1806,1833]" pageId="18" pageNumber="461" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF88E82955E33002FD9FF8E4" blockId="18.[151,547,1806,1869]" box="[151,547,1806,1833]" pageId="18" pageNumber="461">
<heading id="D0F8FB16FF88E82955E33002FD9FF8E4" bold="true" box="[151,547,1806,1833]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="461" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF88E82955E33002FD9FF8E4" authority="Sluiter, 1904" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,547,1806,1833]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="461" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herdmani">
<emphasis id="B97B9068FF88E82955E33002FD9FF8E4" bold="true" box="[151,547,1806,1833]" pageId="18" pageNumber="461">
<emphasis id="B97B9068FF88E82955E33002FEC3F8E5" bold="true" box="[151,383,1806,1833]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="461">Culeolus herdmani</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E318BFF88E82954F33002FD9FF8E4" author="Sluiter, C. P." box="[391,547,1806,1832]" pageId="18" pageNumber="461" pagination="1 - 139" refId="ref10297" refString="Sluiter, C. P. (1904) Die Tunicaten der Siboga-Expedition I. Die socialen und holosomen Ascidien. Siboga Expedition, 56 A, 1 - 139." type="journal article" year="1904">Sluiter, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3151FF1FF88E82F55E3303FFCCAFD65" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="463" pageId="18" pageNumber="461" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF88E82955E3303FFEBFF881" blockId="18.[151,547,1806,1869]" box="[151,259,1843,1869]" pageId="18" pageNumber="461">
<figureCitation id="133450FFFF88E82955E3303FFEBFF881" box="[151,259,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,705,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-285@20.[151,1435,705,1714]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 19. Culeolus herdmani. A, two specimens; B, specimen ventrally opened; C, other specimen ventrally opened; D, gut and gonads. Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074643/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="461">Figure 19</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF88E82955E33077FCA7F859" blockId="18.[151,795,1915,1941]" box="[151,795,1915,1941]" pageId="18" pageNumber="461">Stations: Kanacono CP 4739; DW 4717. Four specimens.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF88E82855E330CFFB44FE39" blockId="18.[151,1436,1987,2013]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="462" pageId="18" pageNumber="461">
All characters already detailed in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E318BFF88E829577A30CFFCFEF811" author="Monniot, C. &amp; Monniot, F." box="[526,834,1987,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="461" pagination="357 - 448" refId="ref9884" refString="Monniot, C. &amp; Monniot, F. (1991) Tunicata: peuplements d'ascidies profondes en Nouvelle Caledonie. Diversite des strategies adaptatives. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, A, 151, 357 - 448." type="journal article" year="1991">Monniot &amp; Monniot (1991)</bibRefCitation>
are found again here for this species. The tunic on the head is naked though sometimes with a few epibionts but the long peduncle is encrusted with sand (
<figureCitation id="133450FFFF89E8285181379BFAE1FF7D" box="[1269,1373,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,705,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-285@20.[151,1435,705,1714]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 19. Culeolus herdmani. A, two specimens; B, specimen ventrally opened; C, other specimen ventrally opened; D, gut and gonads. Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074643/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="462">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
). The tunic is cartilaginous, thick but flexible with a row of papillae widely encircling the top of the body behind the atrial aperture. These papillae are reduced or missing in several specimens. The body wall is thin but with strong muscular fibres in a peculiar design (
<figureCitation id="133450FFFF89E82854BA360FFD8AFED1" box="[462,566,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,705,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-285@20.[151,1435,705,1714]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 19. Culeolus herdmani. A, two specimens; B, specimen ventrally opened; C, other specimen ventrally opened; D, gut and gonads. Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074643/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="462">Fig. 19C</figureCitation>
). In addition to the siphonal sphincters a few longitudinal well spaced fibres extend from the siphons and rapidly curve to become parallel to the transverse circular muscles. On each body side one longitudinal muscular band is thicker, starts from the corner of the atrial aperture and crosses the body wall in a straight diagonal line (
<figureCitation id="133450FFFF89E82854E43663FE4CFE46" box="[400,496,367,394]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,705,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-285@20.[151,1435,705,1714]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 19. Culeolus herdmani. A, two specimens; B, specimen ventrally opened; C, other specimen ventrally opened; D, gut and gonads. Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074643/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="462">Fig.19C</figureCitation>
). About 14 oral tentacles have few but long simple digitations. One of these tentacles is often much longer than the others. The neural button-like tubercle is placed in a wide V of the prepharyngeal band. The dorsal lamina is made of tight pointed languets. The branchial tissue is thin with few longitudinal vessels arranged in 4 low folds per side. In a medium size specimen the formula is from the right to the left:
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF701CF2FF89E82855E33003FF76F887" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074641" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5074641" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074641/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="462" startId="19.[151,250,1807,1831]" targetBox="[151,1435,525,1781]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF89E82855E33003FF76F887" blockId="19.[151,1436,1807,1867]" pageId="19" pageNumber="462">
<emphasis id="B97B9068FF89E82855E33003FE9FF8EB" bold="true" box="[151,291,1807,1831]" pageId="19" pageNumber="462">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF89E82854583003FE61F8EB" box="[300,477,1807,1831]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="19" pageNumber="462" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B97B9068FF89E82854583003FE61F8EB" box="[300,477,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="462">Culeolus elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, one specimen; B, another specimen; C, body ventrally opened; D, gonad. Scale bars = 1cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF89E82855B33076FD40F858" blockId="19.[151,1436,1914,2012]" box="[199,764,1914,1940]" pageId="19" pageNumber="462">E - 1(2) 2 (2) 1 (4) 1 (3) DL (2) 1 (3) 1 (3) 1 (3) E.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF89E82F55B33091FDFDFE1D" blockId="19.[151,1436,1914,2012]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,151,681]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="463" pageId="19" pageNumber="462">
The digestive loop occupies almost the entire length of the left ventral body side (
<figureCitation id="133450FFFF89E82851193091FB4AF874" box="[1133,1270,1949,1976]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,705,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-285@20.[151,1435,705,1714]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 19. Culeolus herdmani. A, two specimens; B, specimen ventrally opened; C, other specimen ventrally opened; D, gut and gonads. Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074643/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="462">Fig. 19B, C</figureCitation>
). The stomach is not neatly delimited and carries at its beginning a digitised hepatic gland, several smaller elements in a line fol- low. The first limb of the intestine is parallel to the endostyle and curves in a second limb which terminally turns up to open by two anal lobes. There are two gonads on the posterior part of the right body side (
<figureCitation id="133450FFFF8EE82F51BE37B7FA92FF19" box="[1226,1326,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,705,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-285@20.[151,1435,705,1714]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 19. Culeolus herdmani. A, two specimens; B, specimen ventrally opened; C, other specimen ventrally opened; D, gut and gonads. Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074643/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="463">Fig. 19B</figureCitation>
) (three in 
<specimenCount id="9D0987F3FF8EE82F55E337D3FE8FFF36" box="[151,307,223,250]" pageId="20" pageNumber="463" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
) and two gonads inside the gut loop made of successive lobes. Each gonad is elongated with several protruding lobes along the tubular ovary. The testis vesicles form successive masses sometimes well spaced (
<figureCitation id="133450FFFF8EE82F501B360FFF75FE8D" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,705,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-285@20.[151,1435,705,1714]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 19. Culeolus herdmani. A, two specimens; B, specimen ventrally opened; C, other specimen ventrally opened; D, gut and gonads. Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074643/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="463">Fig. 19D</figureCitation>
) the sperm ducts join in a common duct running along the ovary. In some places finger-like papillae are erect on the internal side of the gonads and contain a ramification of the common sperm duct (
<figureCitation id="133450FFFF8EE82F51FB3647FB44FEA9" box="[1167,1272,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,705,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-285@20.[151,1435,705,1714]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 19. Culeolus herdmani. A, two specimens; B, specimen ventrally opened; C, other specimen ventrally opened; D, gut and gonads. Scale bars = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074643/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="463">Fig. 19D</figureCitation>
). This uncommon structure was already mentioned for Caledonian specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E318BFF8EE82F56063663FB27FE45" author="Monniot, C. &amp; Monniot, F." box="[882,1179,367,393]" pageId="20" pageNumber="463" pagination="357 - 448" refId="ref9884" refString="Monniot, C. &amp; Monniot, F. (1991) Tunicata: peuplements d'ascidies profondes en Nouvelle Caledonie. Diversite des strategies adaptatives. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, A, 151, 357 - 448." type="journal article" year="1991">Monniot &amp; Monniot 1991</bibRefCitation>
). This is not seen in all specimens and seems related to the gonad maturation. At each gonad extremity the oviduct and the common sperm duct end in divergent tubular papillae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF8EE82F55B336D7FE6DFDAD" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="20" pageNumber="463">
A very long vesicular endocarp is situated on the anterior side of the right body wall, a smaller endocarp is at the top of the gut loop. There are no other endocarps on the body wall. These endocarps are similar to those present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF8EE82F55C0352FFDF6FDF1" authority="Herdman, 1882" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1882" box="[180,586,547,573]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="20" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="recumbens">
<emphasis id="B97B9068FF8EE82F55C0352FFE2AFDF1" box="[180,406,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="463">Culeolus recumbens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E318BFF8EE82F54E8352FFDF6FDF1" author="Herdman, W. B." box="[412,586,547,573]" pageId="20" pageNumber="463" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref9408" refString="Herdman, W. B. (1882) Report on the Tunicata collected during the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Part 1. Ascidiae simplices. Report on the Scientific results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, VI, 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1882">Herdman, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
but all other anatomical characters are different in both species. No spicules were detected in the tissues.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF8EE82F55B33567FCCAFD65" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="20" pageNumber="463">
<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF8EE82F55B33567FE21FD49" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1904" box="[199,413,619,645]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="20" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herdmani">
<emphasis id="B97B9068FF8EE82F55B33567FE21FD49" box="[199,413,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="463">Culeolus herdmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed and abundant in the Pacific Ocean but not as deep as other 
<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF8EE82F504D3567FF57FD65" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Culeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="20" pageNumber="463" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B97B9068FF8EE82F504D3567FA21FD49" box="[1337,1437,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="463">Culeolus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, being more common only between 300 and 
<quantity id="4CF7E19FFF8EE82F57963582FC95FD65" box="[738,809,654,681]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="463" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>