733 lines
100 KiB
XML
733 lines
100 KiB
XML
<document id="21A75707FA2C193D7D4AFB2A449728A2" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.275445" ID-GBIF-Dataset="406e7277-8fee-473b-98b5-3a881decf7db" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="275445" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460068842059" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Eernisse, Douglas J., Strathmann, Megumi F. & Strathmann, Richard R." docDate="2010" docId="03A0E238AE76FFF7FF42023BFBC2294C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02329p036.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2329" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Henricia leviuscula Stimpson 1857" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="FF999A40AE75FFF0FFD5076CFF8A2E1B" masterDocTitle="Henricia pumila sp. nov.: A brooding seastar (Asteroidea) from the coastal northeastern Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="22" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1698234727237" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="9C5B0FDD82A06758613E3F3EF6711F01" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="C3ED4AA9056FA9E2DEE43425F4FF0D17">
|
||
<mods:title id="869C40C96CB80A2151990AB2FA511B05">Henricia pumila sp. nov.: A brooding seastar (Asteroidea) from the coastal northeastern Pacific</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="6D6205EB34260315A6543B0E2D334F95" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="066B74E91C07114B9733E01DB4F8E8C5">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="6E1BD4FF518FFCE7D5CDA8FD93A4CCAA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="54546DD57479D3C681752E39473B64C2">Eernisse, Douglas J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="34BEC142FD6AC3EDF3EEBCB94244B3E9" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="BA3069CACBC0288B044C348C82BF7D7F">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="6EA7AD3A0CBE46495CF96E106E2CE270">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="EA46AAE4413365BA6712B41CA055EF3B">Strathmann, Megumi F.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="AD58AD58E21235169AA9462C89FA3418" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="B2508FA7079D9C9AB88881AF9396A6D9">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="8E41567F82147B398F9345FBF7DEBC45">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="A74715C20605137974E1628DB0A9DCDC">Strathmann, Richard R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="A1D9FB4E69BB4A9A831E638DA0631761">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="A708E02474643E770AE5DCC599453993" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="8F10112F6ADC20B65B0D677E02E445F0">
|
||
<mods:title id="4CD019445955B82E2D28E3F6A5E09365">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="300D362B142D63A38FA4336094BAC251">
|
||
<mods:date id="B586CABD0DB6FB411C548B9E401A183F">2010</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="A54A907C69C4786BA756BA2D8419C223" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="30DB831F2B3CDDD0578527EBE34FF32A">2329</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="9BFC80EFF30473D7470F33B733ABD444" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="BC4363128AFE0FD25FBC860FB871BF03">22</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="44D0E0FC6302C6942411542303D24C81">36</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="64B9EAB338F11D4A7B63251B01FE5756">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B80445A9605C85C0646490633EA52DE2" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.275445</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EC5E203B8159B56BA6EA985DCD40D860" type="GBIF-Dataset">406e7277-8fee-473b-98b5-3a881decf7db</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C3C70036318230DF3AD7B8B53BA4849B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="50EDE8E57D3137971F737C409DB1DF2F" type="Zenodo-Dep">275445</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03A0E238AE76FFF7FF42023BFBC2294C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6205506" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127654598" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6205506" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A0E238AE76FFF7FF42023BFBC2294C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0E238AE76FFF7FF42023BFBC2294C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31300A5AE76FFF3FF42023BFD992B8F" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE76FFF3FF42023BFDDE2B6A" blockId="3.[151,596,1367,1428]" box="[151,596,1367,1393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<heading id="D0FEE442AE76FFF3FF42023BFDDE2B6A" bold="true" box="[151,596,1367,1393]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE76FFF3FF42023BFDDE2B6A" ID-CoL="3KVDT" authority="Stimpson 1857" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,596,1367,1393]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE76FFF3FF42023BFDDE2B6A" bold="true" box="[151,596,1367,1393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE76FFF3FF42023BFE0E2B6A" bold="true" box="[151,388,1367,1393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Henricia leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE76FFF3FE46023BFDC62B6A" author="Stimpson" box="[403,588,1367,1393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" refString="Stimpson, W. (1857) On the Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific shores of North America. Boston Journal of Natural History, 6, 444 - 532, pls. 18 - 23." type="journal article" year="1857">Stimpson 1857</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE76FFF3FF420216FD992B8F" blockId="3.[151,596,1367,1428]" box="[151,531,1402,1428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13324FABAE76FFF3FF420216FF6C2B8F" box="[151,230,1402,1428]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1699,1723]" captionTargetBox="[175,1402,194,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1403,194,1668]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Henricia leviuscula holotype USNM 0 3357, dry. A. aboral and oral views, scale bar = 10 mm. Note slender rays and small disc. Two ray tips are broken. B – C. ray base to mid-ray, scale bar = 2 mm. B. aboral surface. Note closeset aboral pseudopaxillae and small papular areas. C. oral surface. Note 1: 1 correspondence of adambulacral, ventrolateral, and, partially in view, inferomarginal plates covered with spines. D – E. ray base at higher magnification, scale bar = 0.5 mm. D. aboral pseudopaxillae. Note glassy spines with smooth-sided shafts and splayed points. E. oral view showing three sets of adambulacral, ventrolateral, and inferomarginal plates, with adambulacral furrow to the left. Adambulacral plates bear 1 deep furrow spine and 13 to 14 spines of diminishing size. Adjacent ventrolateral plates bear about 15 smaller spines. Inferomarginal plates (not in focus) are elongated and more spinous. Superomarginal plates, which lie aboral to the inferomarginals, are not in view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275447/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A–E, 3A, 4A, 5A, 5C, 5E
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31300A5AE76FFF3FF4202ACFD052BEC" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE76FFF3FF4202ACFE6F2BCC" blockId="3.[151,1436,1472,1815]" box="[151,485,1472,1495]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE76FFF3FF4202ACFF5A2BCC" box="[151,208,1472,1495]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE76FFF3FF0F02ACFEAD2BCC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[218,295,1472,1495]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
0 3357 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE76FFF3FEAB02ACFE552BCC" box="[382,479,1472,1495]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE76FFF3FF42028CFD052BEC" blockId="3.[151,1436,1472,1815]" box="[151,655,1504,1527]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE76FFF3FF42028CFF462BEC" box="[151,204,1504,1527]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
Locality: Puget Sound, Washington,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE76FFF3FD8F028CFD052BEC" box="[602,655,1504,1527]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31300A5AE76FFF3FF42016CFC0028AC" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE76FFF3FF42016CFDCE280C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1472,1815]" box="[151,580,1536,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB197400AE76FFF3FF42016CFDCE280C" box="[151,580,1536,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE76FFF3FF42016CFDCA280C" authority="Stimpson, 1857: 529" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityPageNumber="529" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,576,1536,1559]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE76FFF3FF42016CFED3280C" box="[151,345,1536,1559]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Linckia leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8753FAE76FFF3FEB5016CFDCA280C" author="Stimpson" box="[352,576,1536,1559]" page="529" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" year="1857">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE76FFF3FEB5016CFD80280C" author="Stimpson" box="[352,522,1536,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" refString="Stimpson, W. (1857) On the Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific shores of North America. Boston Journal of Natural History, 6, 444 - 532, pls. 18 - 23." type="journal article" year="1857">Stimpson, 1857</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 529
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE76FFF3FF42014CFCAE284C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1472,1815]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE76FFF3FF7A014CFD84282C" authority="Stimpson" authorityName="Stimpson" box="[175,526,1568,1591]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Cribrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE76FFF3FF7A014CFE00282C" box="[175,394,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Cribrella leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
(Stimpson)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE76FFF3FDCA014CFC06282C" authority="Stimpson" authorityName="Stimpson" box="[543,908,1568,1591]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Cribrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laeviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE76FFF3FDCA014CFC8D282C" box="[543,775,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Cribrella laeviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
(Stimpson)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE76FFF3FC6A014CFA97282C" ID-CoL="3KVDT" authority="Stimpson" authorityName="Stimpson" box="[959,1309,1568,1591]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE76FFF3FC6A014CFB1D282C" box="[959,1175,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Henricia leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
(Stimpson)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Numerous authors reviewed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE76FFF3FE73012CFDA3284C" author="Fisher" box="[422,553,1600,1623]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="35" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. Part I. Phanerozonia and Spinulosa. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 76 (1), 1 - 406." type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE76FFF3FDAB012CFCAA284C" author="Clark" box="[638,800,1600,1623]" pageId="3" pageNumber="35" refString="Clark, A. M. (1996) An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 3: Velatida and Spinulosida. In: Jangoux, M. & Lawrence, J. M. (Eds.), Echinoderm Studies, Vol. 5. AA Balkema, Rotterdam & Brookfield, pp. 183 - 250." type="book" year="1996">A. Clark, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE76FFF3FF42010CFCA5288C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1472,1815]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB197400AE76FFF3FF42010CFCA5288C" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE76FFF3FF42010CFDAC286C" ID-CoL="3KVDT" authority="Stimpson 1857" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,550,1632,1655]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE76FFF3FF42010CFEE2286C" box="[151,360,1632,1655]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Henricia leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE76FFF3FEA2010CFD94286C" author="Stimpson" box="[375,542,1632,1655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" refString="Stimpson, W. (1857) On the Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific shores of North America. Boston Journal of Natural History, 6, 444 - 532, pls. 18 - 23." type="journal article" year="1857">Stimpson 1857</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: in part
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8753FAE76FFF3FDA8010CFCB0286C" author="Fisher" box="[637,826,1632,1655]" page="570" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" year="1910">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE76FFF3FDA8010CFC8F286C" author="Fisher" box="[637,773,1632,1655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="35" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1910) New starfishes from the North Pacific. II. Spinulosa. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 35, 568 - 574." type="journal article" year="1910">Fisher, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 570
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; in part
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8753FAE76FFF3FC47010CFBD8286C" author="Verrill" box="[914,1106,1632,1655]" page="215" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" year="1914">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE76FFF3FC47010CFB96286C" author="Verrill" box="[914,1052,1632,1655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1914) Monograph of the shallow-water starfishes of the North Pacific coast from the Arctic Ocean to California. Harriman Alaska Series, Vol. XIV, Part 1, Text, 408 pp., Part. 2, Plates, Pls. I - CX." type="book" year="1914">Verrill, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 215
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; in part
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8753FAE76FFF3FB7F010CFAFE286C" author="Djakonov" box="[1194,1396,1632,1655]" page="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" year="1961">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE76FFF3FB7F010CFAD9286C" author="Djakonov" box="[1194,1363,1632,1655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="35" refString="Djakonov, A. M. (1961) Survey of the star fish species of the genus Henricia Gray from the north-western parts of the Pacific Ocean. Investigations of the Far Eastern Seas of the U. S. S. R. Academy of Sciences of U. S. S. R., Moscow- Leningrad, 1961, 7, 5 - 89. (In Russian, English translation (unpub. July 1993) of pp. 5 - 15 by Tina Ross for Dr. Gordon Hendler, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, and English translation (unpub. July 2006) pp. 16 - 18, 21 - 26 by Svetlana Maslakova for Megumi Strathmann, Friday Harbor, Washington)" type="journal article" year="1961">Djakonov 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:23
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, Pl. II, fig 9; in part
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8753FAE76FFF3FEA401ECFDCF288C" author="Lambert" box="[369,581,1664,1687]" page="100" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" year="1981">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE76FFF3FEA401ECFD98288C" author="Lambert" box="[369,530,1664,1687]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" refString="Lambert, P. (1981) The Sea Stars of British Columbia. British Columbia Provincial Musum Handbook 39, pp. 96 - 107." type="journal article" year="1981">Lambert, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 100
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–103; 2000: 104–106.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE76FFF3FF4201CCFC0028AC" blockId="3.[151,1436,1472,1815]" box="[151,906,1696,1719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB197400AE76FFF3FF4201CCFC0028AC" box="[151,906,1696,1719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE76FFF3FF4201CCFEE228AC" ID-CoL="3KVDT" box="[151,360,1696,1719]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE76FFF3FF4201CCFEE228AC" box="[151,360,1696,1719]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Henricia leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“var. A after Fisher”:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8753FAE76FFF3FD8201CCFCAD28AC" author="Djakonov" box="[599,807,1696,1719]" page="95" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" year="1950">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE76FFF3FD8201CCFC8A28AC" author="Djakonov" box="[599,768,1696,1719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="35" refString="Djakonov, A. M. (1950) Sea stars (Asteroids) of the U. S. S. R. Seas. Keys to the Fauna of the U. S. S. R. 34, 1 - 152. (In Russian, English translation, Jerusalem 1968)" type="journal article" year="1950">Djakonov 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 95
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, f. 79, 80
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31300A5AE76FFF3FF4201ACFD7B290C" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE76FFF3FF4201ACFC7828CC" blockId="3.[151,1436,1472,1815]" box="[151,1010,1728,1751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB197400AE76FFF3FF4201ACFC7828CC" box="[151,1010,1728,1751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE76FFF3FF4201ACFEE228CC" ID-CoL="3KVDT" box="[151,360,1728,1751]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE76FFF3FF4201ACFEE228CC" box="[151,360,1728,1751]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Henricia leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
var. B: in part
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8753FAE76FFF3FDDD01ACFD3428CC" author="Fisher" box="[520,702,1728,1751]" page="280" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" year="1911">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE76FFF3FDDD01ACFD0028CC" author="Fisher" box="[520,650,1728,1751]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="3" pageNumber="35" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. Part I. Phanerozonia and Spinulosa. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 76 (1), 1 - 406." type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 280
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–291, pl. 70, f. 2, pl. 111, f. 6
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE76FFF3FF42018CFBC428EC" blockId="3.[151,1436,1472,1815]" box="[151,1102,1760,1783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB197400AE76FFF3FF42018CFBC428EC" box="[151,1102,1760,1783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE76FFF3FF42018CFEE228EC" ID-CoL="3KVDT" box="[151,360,1760,1783]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE76FFF3FF42018CFEE228EC" box="[151,360,1760,1783]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Henricia leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE76FFF3FEBA018CFD8328EC" box="[367,521,1760,1783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" rank="variety" variety="leviuscula">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE76FFF3FE48018CFD8328EC" box="[413,521,1760,1783]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: in part
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8753FAE76FFF3FDB6018CFC9628EC" author="Verrill" box="[611,796,1760,1783]" page="217" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" year="1914">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE76FFF3FDB6018CFD6C28EC" author="Verrill" box="[611,742,1760,1783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1914) Monograph of the shallow-water starfishes of the North Pacific coast from the Arctic Ocean to California. Harriman Alaska Series, Vol. XIV, Part 1, Text, 408 pp., Part. 2, Plates, Pls. I - CX." type="book" year="1914">Verrill 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 217
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. XII–f. 5, pl. XIII, f. 1–2.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE76FFF3FF42006CFD7B290C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1472,1815]" box="[151,753,1792,1815]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB197400AE76FFF3FF42006CFD7B290C" box="[151,753,1792,1815]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE76FFF3FF42006CFEE2290C" ID-CoL="3KVDT" box="[151,360,1792,1815]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE76FFF3FF42006CFEE2290C" box="[151,360,1792,1815]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Henricia leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE76FFF3FEBA006CFE6B290C" box="[367,481,1792,1815]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" rank="variety" variety="lunula">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE76FFF3FE48006CFE6B290C" box="[413,481,1792,1815]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">lunula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: in part
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8753FAE76FFF3FDEE006CFD7B290C" author="Verrill" box="[571,753,1792,1815]" page="219" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" year="1914">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE76FFF3FDEE006CFD35290C" author="Verrill" box="[571,703,1792,1815]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1914) Monograph of the shallow-water starfishes of the North Pacific coast from the Arctic Ocean to California. Harriman Alaska Series, Vol. XIV, Part 1, Text, 408 pp., Part. 2, Plates, Pls. I - CX." type="book" year="1914">Verrill 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 219
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31300A5AE76FFF4FF42002CFD582C99" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE76FFF3FF42002CFEE429EE" blockId="3.[151,1436,1856,2037]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE76FFF3FF42002CFE5D2941" bold="true" box="[151,471,1856,1882]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE76FFF3FF42002CFF5C2941" box="[151,214,1856,1882]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material examined:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13324FABAE76FFF3FDAA002CFD4D2941" box="[639,711,1856,1882]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1699,1723]" captionTargetBox="[175,1402,194,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1403,194,1668]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Henricia leviuscula holotype USNM 0 3357, dry. A. aboral and oral views, scale bar = 10 mm. Note slender rays and small disc. Two ray tips are broken. B – C. ray base to mid-ray, scale bar = 2 mm. B. aboral surface. Note closeset aboral pseudopaxillae and small papular areas. C. oral surface. Note 1: 1 correspondence of adambulacral, ventrolateral, and, partially in view, inferomarginal plates covered with spines. D – E. ray base at higher magnification, scale bar = 0.5 mm. D. aboral pseudopaxillae. Note glassy spines with smooth-sided shafts and splayed points. E. oral view showing three sets of adambulacral, ventrolateral, and inferomarginal plates, with adambulacral furrow to the left. Adambulacral plates bear 1 deep furrow spine and 13 to 14 spines of diminishing size. Adjacent ventrolateral plates bear about 15 smaller spines. Inferomarginal plates (not in focus) are elongated and more spinous. Superomarginal plates, which lie aboral to the inferomarginals, are not in view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275447/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A–E) originally labeled only “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE76FFF3FBED002DFE12299A" authority="Id. W.K. Fisher, Ft. Steilacoom" authorityName="Id. W.K. Fisher, Ft. Steilacoom" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE76FFF3FBED002DFAAF2941" box="[1080,1317,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Henricia leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
, Id. W.K. Fisher, Ft. Steilacoom
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[near Tacoma, Pierce Co., Washington; 47°10.80΄N 122°35.42΄W], Pudget [sic] Sound, Dr. Geo. Suckley Col.” matched Stimpson’s brief published locality: “Found in Puget Sound, by Dr. Suckley.” Our analysis revealed this specimen to be the likely
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE76FFF3FCCC00D8FC0929D5" box="[793,899,1972,1998]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and it has since been labeled as such in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE76FFF3FF4200B7FF6629EE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,236,2011,2037]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
collection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE71FFF4FF1307FBFD582C99" blockId="4.[151,1438,151,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE71FFF4FF1307FBFD9A2EAA" bold="true" box="[198,528,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Other material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
more than
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0F98A7AE71FFF4FD4907F4FCB62EA9" box="[668,828,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="generic">40 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
in our collections from the San Juan Archipelago, including
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE71FFF4FEC007D2FEE72EC3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[277,365,190,216]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1116587 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13324FABAE71FFF4FE2707D2FDC32EC3" box="[498,585,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,503,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[340,1248,503,1693]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Living coloration. A. Henricia leviuscula voucher USNM 1116587. B. Henricia pumila n. sp. holotype USNM 1116585. A whole seastar, aboral and oral views, scale bar = 1 cm. Note the small size, short rays in relation to disc diameter. B – C. ray and disc, scale bar = 1 cm. B. aboral and oral views. On aboral surface note small, crescentic pseudopaxillae and relatively larger papular areas. On oral surface note elongated adambulacral plates with few spines, ventrolateral plates extending only four-fifths the ray length, and elongated inferomarginal and superomarginal plates (the latter not entirely in view). C. Color in field for likely H. pumila from near Sitka, Alaska (image by A. Baldwin). D. Color in field for likely H. pumila from Cape Arago, Oregon (image by J. Goddard)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275448/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 4A, 5C, 5E), Cattle Pt., San Juan Id., San Juan Co., Washington, intertidal, and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE71FFF4FE870789FE1A2EE4" box="[338,400,229,255]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6byf-n19z" name="Museo dei Fisiocritici" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">MFS</collectionCode>
|
||
149 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13324FABAE71FFF4FE0F0789FDCA2EE4" box="[474,576,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A – B" captionStartId="11.[151,258,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1784]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. A – B SEM images of aboral spines, scale bar = 100 µm. A. Henricia leviuscula (MFS 149) spines with fenestrated smooth-sided shafts tipped with splayed sharp points. B. Henricia pumila, n. sp. (MFS 109 paratype) spines with fenestrated smooth-sided shafts tipped with sharp points that do not splay. C – G close-ups of aboral pseudopaxillae. C, E. H. leviuscula USNM 1116587. D, F. H. pumila n. sp. holotype. G. H. pumila n. sp. USNM 1116586 paratype, fixed in formalin and air-dried. Note tissue obscuring spine tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275450/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
), and two from Lovit Island, British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE71FFF4FBCD0789FB122EE4" box="[1048,1176,229,255]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Museum specimens identified included:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE71FFF4FE510660FE532F3D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[388,473,268,294]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
5991 (Baranoff Id., Alaska,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE71FFF4FCF90660FCEF2F3D" box="[812,869,268,294]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="18.0">18m</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE71FFF4FCAF0660FC452F3D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[890,975,268,294]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
3386 and 9225 (Puget Sound);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE71FFF4FA920660FA162F3D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1351,1436,268,294]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
E4679 (“probably Alaska”);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE71FFF4FE2D065EFDC52F57" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[504,591,306,332]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
E8678 (Departure Bay, British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE71FFF4FC03065EFBD92F57" box="[982,1107,306,332]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE71FFF4FBBC065EFB352F57" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1129,1215,306,332]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
E3780 (Mouth of Strait of Juan de Fuca,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE71FFF4FE730635FE6C2F68" box="[422,486,345,371]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="73.0">73 m</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE71FFF4FE2E0635FDDA2F68" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[507,592,345,371]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
E3820 (Port Townsend, Washington,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE71FFF4FBDA0635FBF12F68" box="[1039,1147,345,371]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="37.5" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="27.0">27–48 m</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE71FFF4FB440635FB6C2F68" box="[1169,1254,345,371]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
0 0 8559 (1 of 9 previously designated as vouchers for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE71FFF4FDB106ECFCDA2F82" box="[612,848,384,409]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE71FFF4FDB106ECFCDA2F82" box="[612,848,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Henricia leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE71FFF4FCAB06ECFB532F81" author="Fisher" box="[894,1241,384,410]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. Part I. Phanerozonia and Spinulosa. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 76 (1), 1 - 406." type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher (1911:281–282, 285))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE71FFF4FB3306ECFAB62F81" box="[1254,1340,384,410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFB775EEAE71FFF4FA9106ECFA162F81" box="[1348,1436,384,410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" value="55-11-29">112955</date>
|
||
(Anchor Pt., Kenai Peninsula, Alaska);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE71FFF4FD5006CAFD572FDB" box="[645,733,422,448]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFB775EEAE71FFF4FD3306CAFCC82FDB" box="[742,834,422,448]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" value="58-05-18">180558</date>
|
||
(San Juan Channel off Lopez Id., San Juan Co., Washington, 100–110);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE71FFF4FE1E06A1FDAE2FFC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[459,548,461,487]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
1959-281.3 (Monterey, California);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE71FFF4FC2B06A1FBDD2FFC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[1022,1111,461,487]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
1966-36.16 (lot of 2, off Cowichan, Sydney Channel, British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE71FFF4FD9C0698FD372C15" box="[585,701,500,526]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE71FFF4FD130698FCB92C15" box="[710,819,500,526]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="18.0">18–37 m</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE71FFF4FC9C0698FC142C15" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[841,926,500,526]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
1966-37.19 (lot of 2, Sister’s Rocks, outer Squamish Harbor, Hood Canal, Washington, intertidal);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE71FFF4FCFD0576FCF72C2F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[808,893,538,564]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
1966.39.23 (lot of 2, MacKaye Harbor, Lopez Id., Washington, intertidal);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE71FFF4FE35052DFDAA2C40" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" box="[480,544,577,603]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||
9836 (1 of 2
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE71FFF4FD6E052DFCA82C40" box="[699,802,577,603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE71FFF4FC84052DFB4A2C40" authority="(Stimpson)" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" box="[849,1216,577,603]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE71FFF4FC84052DFBBD2C41" box="[849,1079,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Henricia leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
(Stimpson)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE71FFF4FB2D052DFAC92C41" box="[1272,1347,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">lunula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE71FFF4FA9F052DFF5E2C99" author="Verrill" pageId="4" pageNumber="36" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1914) Monograph of the shallow-water starfishes of the North Pacific coast from the Arctic Ocean to California. Harriman Alaska Series, Vol. XIV, Part 1, Text, 408 pp., Part. 2, Plates, Pls. I - CX." type="book" year="1914">Verrill, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Victoria, British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE71FFF4FE710504FD912C99" box="[420,539,616,642]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE71FFF4FDF30504FD0B2C99" box="[550,641,616,642]" name="Canada" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE71FFF4FD580504FD4F2C99" box="[653,709,616,642]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="20.0">20m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31300A5AE71FFF6FF1305E2FF592FDB" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE71FFF4FF1305E2FD062D58" blockId="4.[151,1438,151,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE71FFF4FF1305E2FEEB2CB3" bold="true" box="[198,353,654,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Most specimens have 5 slender rays, but 6-rayed individuals occur. Slender rays are without basal swelling and taper evenly to the ray tip. The dried
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE71FFF4FCFC05D9FC052CD4" box="[809,911,693,719]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has 5 slender rays, not basally swollen, with R about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE71FFF4FF2E05B0FEC52CED" box="[251,335,732,758]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
||
and r about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE71FFF4FE3105B0FDC82CED" box="[484,578,732,758]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="6.3">6.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, R/r = 5.6 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13324FABAE71FFF4FD1C05B0FC9A2CED" box="[713,784,732,758]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1699,1723]" captionTargetBox="[175,1402,194,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1403,194,1668]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Henricia leviuscula holotype USNM 0 3357, dry. A. aboral and oral views, scale bar = 10 mm. Note slender rays and small disc. Two ray tips are broken. B – C. ray base to mid-ray, scale bar = 2 mm. B. aboral surface. Note closeset aboral pseudopaxillae and small papular areas. C. oral surface. Note 1: 1 correspondence of adambulacral, ventrolateral, and, partially in view, inferomarginal plates covered with spines. D – E. ray base at higher magnification, scale bar = 0.5 mm. D. aboral pseudopaxillae. Note glassy spines with smooth-sided shafts and splayed points. E. oral view showing three sets of adambulacral, ventrolateral, and inferomarginal plates, with adambulacral furrow to the left. Adambulacral plates bear 1 deep furrow spine and 13 to 14 spines of diminishing size. Adjacent ventrolateral plates bear about 15 smaller spines. Inferomarginal plates (not in focus) are elongated and more spinous. Superomarginal plates, which lie aboral to the inferomarginals, are not in view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275447/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A–E). Of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0F98A7AE71FFF4FC5005B0FBAE2CED" box="[901,1060,732,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="generic">42 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from the San Juan Archipelago and 2 from Lovit Id., British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE71FFF4FE3F046EFDEB2D07" box="[490,609,770,796]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the largest had R =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE71FFF4FC85046EFC2C2D07" box="[848,934,770,796]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
|
||
, r =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE71FFF4FC0F046EFBA62D07" box="[986,1068,770,796]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
and the smallest, R =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE71FFF4FAE4046EFA0D2D07" box="[1329,1415,770,796]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
, r = 4.0 mm. The range of R/r was 5.0 to 8.3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE71FFF4FF13043CFBA02DAC" blockId="4.[151,1438,151,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
|
||
The aboral color in living specimens is distinctive bright orange, sometimes slightly red-orange (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13324FABAE71FFF4FAE4043CFAFF2D71" box="[1329,1397,848,874]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,503,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[340,1248,503,1693]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Living coloration. A. Henricia leviuscula voucher USNM 1116587. B. Henricia pumila n. sp. holotype USNM 1116585. A whole seastar, aboral and oral views, scale bar = 1 cm. Note the small size, short rays in relation to disc diameter. B – C. ray and disc, scale bar = 1 cm. B. aboral and oral views. On aboral surface note small, crescentic pseudopaxillae and relatively larger papular areas. On oral surface note elongated adambulacral plates with few spines, ventrolateral plates extending only four-fifths the ray length, and elongated inferomarginal and superomarginal plates (the latter not entirely in view). C. Color in field for likely H. pumila from near Sitka, Alaska (image by A. Baldwin). D. Color in field for likely H. pumila from Cape Arago, Oregon (image by J. Goddard)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275448/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A), with the color characteristically continuing onto the oral surface, fading to light orange or yellow sometimes over the ventrolateral plates but most usually on only the adambulacral plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE71FFF4FF1304A8FB722A63" blockId="4.[151,1438,151,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
|
||
The aboral surface appears smoothly and regularly paved or scaled, this surface being composed of closeset pseudopaxillae with narrow intervening spaces and small recessed papular areas. In outline the pseudopaxillae are oblong or irregularly polygonal on the disc and oval, crescentic, heart-shaped, or triangular on the rays, with the concave or flat side toward the disc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13324FABAE71FFF4FC980354FC1F2A49" box="[845,917,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1699,1723]" captionTargetBox="[175,1402,194,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1403,194,1668]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Henricia leviuscula holotype USNM 0 3357, dry. A. aboral and oral views, scale bar = 10 mm. Note slender rays and small disc. Two ray tips are broken. B – C. ray base to mid-ray, scale bar = 2 mm. B. aboral surface. Note closeset aboral pseudopaxillae and small papular areas. C. oral surface. Note 1: 1 correspondence of adambulacral, ventrolateral, and, partially in view, inferomarginal plates covered with spines. D – E. ray base at higher magnification, scale bar = 0.5 mm. D. aboral pseudopaxillae. Note glassy spines with smooth-sided shafts and splayed points. E. oral view showing three sets of adambulacral, ventrolateral, and inferomarginal plates, with adambulacral furrow to the left. Adambulacral plates bear 1 deep furrow spine and 13 to 14 spines of diminishing size. Adjacent ventrolateral plates bear about 15 smaller spines. Inferomarginal plates (not in focus) are elongated and more spinous. Superomarginal plates, which lie aboral to the inferomarginals, are not in view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275447/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 2D, 4A, 5C, 5E). The madreporite is not particularly prominent and bears single rows of spines that are like those on the pseudopaxillae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE71FFF4FF1303E9FAD52AF7" blockId="4.[151,1438,151,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Aboral papular areas have 1, sometimes 2, rarely 3 papulae. A regular series of single papulae occurs on the oral surface between the inferomarginal and ventrolateral plates on the disc and most of the ray length. A few single papulae may occur in an irregular series between some ventrolateral and adambulacral plates.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE71FFF4FF130395FD0D2839" blockId="4.[151,1438,151,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Aboral pseudopaxillae are composed of spines set in tissue-covered, close-packed, upright arrays of 20 to 100, but usually 25 to 55 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13324FABAE71FFF4FE0D024CFDAB2B21" box="[472,545,1312,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A – B" captionStartId="11.[151,258,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1784]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. A – B SEM images of aboral spines, scale bar = 100 µm. A. Henricia leviuscula (MFS 149) spines with fenestrated smooth-sided shafts tipped with splayed sharp points. B. Henricia pumila, n. sp. (MFS 109 paratype) spines with fenestrated smooth-sided shafts tipped with sharp points that do not splay. C – G close-ups of aboral pseudopaxillae. C, E. H. leviuscula USNM 1116587. D, F. H. pumila n. sp. holotype. G. H. pumila n. sp. USNM 1116586 paratype, fixed in formalin and air-dried. Note tissue obscuring spine tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275450/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 5E). In living specimens the pseudopaxillae are covered by pigmented tissue through which some of the radiating glassy thorny tips of the spines might just be discerned. The aboral spines are stout with fenestrated glassy shafts, commonly 80 to 100 µm in diameter, with smooth sides. The ends of the spines have 3 to 7 heavy thorn-like points or tips (as noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE71FFF4FBCF02F8FB522BB5" author="Djakonov" box="[1050,1240,1428,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" refString="Djakonov, A. M. (1961) Survey of the star fish species of the genus Henricia Gray from the north-western parts of the Pacific Ocean. Investigations of the Far Eastern Seas of the U. S. S. R. Academy of Sciences of U. S. S. R., Moscow- Leningrad, 1961, 7, 5 - 89. (In Russian, English translation (unpub. July 1993) of pp. 5 - 15 by Tina Ross for Dr. Gordon Hendler, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, and English translation (unpub. July 2006) pp. 16 - 18, 21 - 26 by Svetlana Maslakova for Megumi Strathmann, Friday Harbor, Washington)" type="journal article" year="1961">Djakonov 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), of about equal sizes that flare in a fairly even radiating pattern that spans 100 to 190 µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13324FABAE71FFF4FBF002D6FBF02BCF" box="[1061,1146,1466,1492]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1699,1723]" captionTargetBox="[175,1402,194,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1403,194,1668]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Henricia leviuscula holotype USNM 0 3357, dry. A. aboral and oral views, scale bar = 10 mm. Note slender rays and small disc. Two ray tips are broken. B – C. ray base to mid-ray, scale bar = 2 mm. B. aboral surface. Note closeset aboral pseudopaxillae and small papular areas. C. oral surface. Note 1: 1 correspondence of adambulacral, ventrolateral, and, partially in view, inferomarginal plates covered with spines. D – E. ray base at higher magnification, scale bar = 0.5 mm. D. aboral pseudopaxillae. Note glassy spines with smooth-sided shafts and splayed points. E. oral view showing three sets of adambulacral, ventrolateral, and inferomarginal plates, with adambulacral furrow to the left. Adambulacral plates bear 1 deep furrow spine and 13 to 14 spines of diminishing size. Adjacent ventrolateral plates bear about 15 smaller spines. Inferomarginal plates (not in focus) are elongated and more spinous. Superomarginal plates, which lie aboral to the inferomarginals, are not in view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275447/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 5A, 5C, 5E). A large spine on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE71FFF4FEFE028DFE182BE0" box="[299,402,1505,1531]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is about 220 µm long, has a shaft about 70 µm in diameter, and ends in prominent sharp points radiating over a span up to 165 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE71FFF4FF130142FA06288D" blockId="4.[151,1438,151,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Ray sides have the lowermost dorsolateral pseudopaxillae in approximate 1:1 alignment with the superomarginal pseudopaxillae (plates) below them, but in offset alignment with the pseudopaxillae above them. Superomarginal pseudopaxillae are larger than the dorsolaterals, sometimes as much as twice the size.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE71FFF4FF1301CEFC6529D0" blockId="4.[151,1438,151,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Ray lower sides have three conspicuous series of pseudopaxillae: rectangular superomarginals and inferomarginals and smaller, squarish ventrolaterals. These series of pseudopaxillae are aligned in 1:1 correspondence beside the adambulacral plates for most of the ray length. The superomarginal series descends abruptly in the interradial area to lie adjacent to the inferomarginal series, enclosing a very small interradial triangle of only a few intermediate plates and, as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE71FFF4FD0D0051FC07294C" author="Hayashi" box="[728,909,1853,1879]" pageId="4" pageNumber="36" refString="Hayashi, R. (1940) Contributions to the classification of the Sea-stars of Japan. I. Spinulosa. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial University Series 6, Zoology, 7, pp. 125 - 166, pls. 7 - 13." type="journal article" year="1940">Hayashi (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted, there are no secondary ventrolaterals, singly or in series. The ventrolateral series usually extends most of the ray length, but sometimes only half. Among
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0F98A7AE71FFF4FF2200E6FE1129BF" box="[247,411,1930,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="generic">21 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, the ratio of ventrolateral to adambulacral plates (V/A, counted from mouth to ray tip) ranged from 0.43 to 0.85 but only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0F98A7AE71FFF4FDFF00DDFD3029D0" box="[554,698,1969,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
had ratios of 0.5 or lower.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7603A6AE70FFF5FF4201CFFD6C29D4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275447/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" targetBox="[175,1402,194,1668]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE70FFF5FF4201CFFD6C29D4" blockId="5.[151,1437,1699,1999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE70FFF5FF4201CFFE9328A0" bold="true" box="[151,281,1699,1723]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE70FFF5FEF501CFFE7B28A1" box="[288,497,1699,1722]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE70FFF5FEF501CFFE7B28A1" box="[288,497,1699,1722]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Henricia leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype USNM 0 3357, dry. A. aboral and oral views, scale bar = 10 mm. Note slender rays and small disc. Two ray tips are broken. B–C. ray base to mid-ray, scale bar = 2 mm. B. aboral surface. Note closeset aboral pseudopaxillae and small papular areas. C. oral surface. Note 1:1 correspondence of adambulacral, ventrolateral, and, partially in view, inferomarginal plates covered with spines. D–E. ray base at higher magnification, scale bar = 0.5 mm. D. aboral pseudopaxillae. Note glassy spines with smooth-sided shafts and splayed points. E. oral view showing three sets of adambulacral, ventrolateral, and inferomarginal plates, with adambulacral furrow to the left. Adambulacral plates bear 1 deep furrow spine and 13 to 14 spines of diminishing size. Adjacent ventrolateral plates bear about 15 smaller spines. Inferomarginal plates (not in focus) are elongated and more spinous. Superomarginal plates, which lie aboral to the inferomarginals, are not in view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE73FFF6FF1307F4FF592FDB" blockId="6.[151,1438,152,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Near the base of the ray, a superomarginal pseudopaxilla bears 25 to 100 spines; an inferomarginal, 32 to 100 spines; and a ventrolateral, 5 to 20 spines. The spine count varies among individuals and is not correlated with body size. Each adambulacral plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13324FABAE73FFF6FDA90789FD482EE4" box="[636,706,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1699,1723]" captionTargetBox="[175,1402,194,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1403,194,1668]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Henricia leviuscula holotype USNM 0 3357, dry. A. aboral and oral views, scale bar = 10 mm. Note slender rays and small disc. Two ray tips are broken. B – C. ray base to mid-ray, scale bar = 2 mm. B. aboral surface. Note closeset aboral pseudopaxillae and small papular areas. C. oral surface. Note 1: 1 correspondence of adambulacral, ventrolateral, and, partially in view, inferomarginal plates covered with spines. D – E. ray base at higher magnification, scale bar = 0.5 mm. D. aboral pseudopaxillae. Note glassy spines with smooth-sided shafts and splayed points. E. oral view showing three sets of adambulacral, ventrolateral, and inferomarginal plates, with adambulacral furrow to the left. Adambulacral plates bear 1 deep furrow spine and 13 to 14 spines of diminishing size. Adjacent ventrolateral plates bear about 15 smaller spines. Inferomarginal plates (not in focus) are elongated and more spinous. Superomarginal plates, which lie aboral to the inferomarginals, are not in view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275447/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 2E) bears 1 thin curved deep-furrow spine and 8 to 17 large, slightly curved, columnar spines in a zigzag or double row that becomes a triple or quadruple row on the edge farthest from the ambulacral furrow. The larger spines near the furrow are blunt-ended with finely spinous surfaces; those farther from the furrow are smaller and more coarsely spinous with sharp terminal points but not radiating thorns. On the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE73FFF6FE3506ECFDC32F81" box="[480,585,384,410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, the largest adambulacral spine is about 175 µm in diameter and 775 µm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31300A5AE73FFF6FF1306A1FCF52ADD" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE73FFF6FF1306A1FB352C40" blockId="6.[151,1438,152,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FF1306A1FEE32FFC" bold="true" box="[198,361,461,487]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FEA506A1FD812FFD" box="[368,523,461,486]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FEA506A1FD812FFD" box="[368,523,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as restricted herein, has a confirmed range limited to southern Alaska (Kenai Pt.) south to Puget Sound (see Remarks). In the San Juan Archipelago it is uncommon in rocky intertidal areas but occurs more often in shallow subtidal areas. Many of the museum specimens whose identity we have confirmed are from the San Juan Archipelago, northern Puget Sound, or Vancouver Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE73FFF6FF13050BFCF52ADD" blockId="6.[151,1438,152,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FF13050BFEF02C9A" bold="true" box="[198,378,615,641]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">Reproduction.</emphasis>
|
||
We assume that sexes are separate. When specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FBC70504FB272C9A" box="[1042,1197,616,641]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FBC70504FB272C9A" box="[1042,1197,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or one of a number of similar co-occurring species, have been spawned in isolation, eggs have not been observed to develop. Spawned eggs have been measured at 1342 µm diameter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE73FFF6FCEE05D9FBD82CD4" author="Strathmann" box="[827,1106,693,719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" refString="Strathmann, R. R., Staver, J. M. & Hoffman, J. R. (2002) Risk and the evolution of cell-cycle durations of embryos. Evolution, 56, 708 - 720." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Strathmann
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FC1F05D9FB8E2CD5" box="[970,1028,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and we confirmed that one female induced to spawn released slightly ovoid red-brown eggs 1.45 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE73FFF6FBC705B0FB0A2CED" box="[1042,1152,732,758]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1.16">1.16 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Spawning individuals have been seen with the disc elevated to shed sperm or eggs freely into the water through aboral gonopores (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE73FFF6FEFE0445FD982D58" author="Strathmann" box="[299,530,809,835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" refString="Strathmann, M. F. (1987) Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates of the Northern Pacific Coast, Data and Methods for the Study of Eggs, Embryos, and Larvae. University of Washington Press, Seattle and London, 670 pp." type="book" year="1987">Strathmann, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Spawning season, like that of congeners with pelagic development, is probably early spring in the San Juan Archipelago. Development is similar to that described for other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FF42041BFF752D8B" box="[151,255,887,912]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FF42041BFF752D8B" box="[151,255,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">Henricia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE73FFF6FEBE041AFDBF2D8B" author="Masterman" box="[363,565,886,912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" refString="Masterman, A. T. (1902) The early development of Cribrella oculata (Forbes), with remarks on echinoderm development. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 40, 373 - 418." type="journal article" year="1902">Masterman 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE73FFF6FD97041AFC842D8B" author="Strathmann" box="[578,782,886,912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" refString="Strathmann, M. F. (1987) Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates of the Northern Pacific Coast, Data and Methods for the Study of Eggs, Embryos, and Larvae. University of Washington Press, Seattle and London, 670 pp." type="book" year="1987">Strathmann 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE73FFF6FCCF041AFB842D8B" author="Komatsu" box="[794,1038,886,912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" refString="Komatsu, M., Tominaga, H. & Oguro, C. (1995) Development of a sea star, Henricia sp. (Asteroidea, Echinasteridae) from Otsuchi Bay, I. Otsuchi Marine Research Center Reports, 20, 7 - 12." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Komatsu
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FC59041BFC4D2D8B" box="[908,967,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Embryonic stages do not adhere to one another but float freely. Post-hatching larvae are ciliated and swim. Future reproductive observations need to be considered with respect to knowledge of multiple
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FCA404A8FB842DC6" box="[881,1038,964,989]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FCA404A8FB842DC6" box="[881,1038,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like species, but no one has ever reported feeding in any
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FE620486FDAB2A18" box="[439,545,1002,1027]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FE620486FDAB2A18" box="[439,545,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">Henricia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larva. This and the large size of their yolky eggs implies that larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FAAA0486FE9A2A31" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FAAA0486FE9A2A31" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are lecithotrophic. However, the possibility that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FC8A037DFC402A31" box="[863,970,1041,1066]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FC8A037DFC402A31" box="[863,970,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">Henricia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae might uptake dissolved organic matter has not been tested and no one has sectioned
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FD220354FCD52A4A" box="[759,863,1080,1105]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FD220354FCD52A4A" box="[759,863,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">Henricia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae to see if some might have an open mouth. The brachiolar larva has an anterior lobe with three brachiolar arms surrounding an adhesive disc and late in development has five groups of podia protruding on the left side. Metamorphosis begins after about 30 to 40 days; the anterior lobe is resorbed into the oral edge of the disc.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31300A5AE73FFF7FF1303BEFB622874" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE73FFF6FF1303BEFC7C288D" blockId="6.[151,1438,152,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FF1303BEFEB52AF7" bold="true" box="[198,319,1234,1260]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
We discovered a dried specimen in the USNM collections that matches the published record and we consider it to be the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE73FFF6FE360395FDC42B08" box="[483,590,1273,1299]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. This specimen may be the one
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE73FFF6FC120395FB2B2B08" author="Fisher" box="[967,1185,1273,1299]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. Part I. Phanerozonia and Spinulosa. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 76 (1), 1 - 406." type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher (1911: 284)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote of as “perhaps the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE73FFF6FF16024CFF732B21" box="[195,249,1312,1338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
|
||
; if not, it is at least a topotype.” In describing a multi-species collection from Puget Sound made by N. R. Harrington from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE73FFF6FE78022AFDA92B7B" box="[429,547,1350,1376]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
University in
|
||
<date id="FFB775EEAE73FFF6FD04022AFC0C2B7B" box="[721,902,1350,1376]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" value="1896" valueMax="1897">1896 and 1897</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE73FFF6FC41022AFBFF2B7B" author="Clark" box="[916,1141,1350,1376]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Clark, H. L. (1901) Echinoderms from Puget Sound, observations made on the echinoderms collected by the parties from Columbia University, in Puget Sound in 1896 and 1897. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 29, 323 - 337, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1901">H. L. Clark (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
introduced two nominal varieties for Stimpson’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FE180201FDC72B9D" box="[461,589,1389,1414]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FE180201FDC72B9D" box="[461,589,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FD440201FCAA2B9D" box="[657,800,1389,1414]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Cribrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laeviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FD440201FCAA2B9D" box="[657,800,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">laeviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FC9E0201FC172B9D" box="[843,925,1389,1414]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FC9E0201FC172B9D" box="[843,925,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">crassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FC090201FBD92B9D" box="[988,1107,1389,1414]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="attenuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FC090201FBD92B9D" box="[988,1107,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">attenuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He provided only a brief diagnosis for each involving a ratio of the distance from the disc center to either the ray tip (R) or the disc edge between rays (r). R/r ranged from 2.0 to 3.5, n = 25 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FC8E02D7FC2D2BCF" box="[859,935,1467,1492]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FC8E02D7FC2D2BCF" box="[859,935,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">crassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. R/r = 5.0, n = 1 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FB6F02D7FAA32BCF" box="[1210,1321,1467,1492]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="attenuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FB6F02D7FAA32BCF" box="[1210,1321,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">attenuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We have been unable to locate Clark’s
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE73FFF6FE26028DFDAF2BE0" box="[499,549,1505,1531]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material at either the American Museum of Natural History (affiliated with
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE73FFF6FF420164FE9E2839" box="[151,276,1544,1570]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
University) or MCZ (where Clark later worked). Given the insufficient nature of Clark’s characterization and the absence of known
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE73FFF6FD5B0142FD4B2853" box="[654,705,1582,1608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material, we consider these nominal varieties as
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FB280143FA1F2853" box="[1277,1429,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">
|
||
nomen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FA870143FA1F2853" box="[1362,1429,1583,1608]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Asterias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dubia">dubia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Verrill’s (1914) description of the color of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FD500139FC942875" box="[645,798,1621,1646]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FD500139FC942875" box="[645,798,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FCF30139FBE92874" authority="Clark 1901" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1901" box="[806,1123,1621,1647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" rank="variety" variety="attenuata">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FC820139FC4C2875" box="[855,966,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">attenuata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE73FFF6FC000139FBD02874" author="Clark" box="[981,1114,1621,1647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Clark, H. L. (1901) Echinoderms from Puget Sound, observations made on the echinoderms collected by the parties from Columbia University, in Puget Sound in 1896 and 1897. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 29, 323 - 337, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1901">Clark 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as “orange and orange-red above, yellow below” does not apply to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FDBA0110FC80288E" box="[623,778,1660,1685]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FDBA0110FC80288E" box="[623,778,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as restricted herein.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE73FFF7FF1301CEFB002F3D" blockId="6.[151,1438,152,2034]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,1879]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">
|
||
We consider Fisher's
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FE1501CFFDD028A7" box="[448,602,1699,1724]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FE1501CFFDD028A7" box="[448,602,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
variety B to correspond in part to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FC2501CFFB0628A7" box="[1008,1164,1699,1724]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FC2501CFFB0628A7" box="[1008,1164,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on his statement (1911:281) that variety B is typical of the “littoral form from Puget Sound with very regular marginal plates, eight to fifteen adambulacral spinelets, and the abactinal spinelets ending in numerous sharp denticulations rather than in a solid glassy tip.” He had examined “a specimen evidently labeled by Stimpson,” and wrote that “the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE73FFF6FEC50051FECD294C" box="[272,327,1853,1879]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
|
||
is therefore one of the various forms of variety B, among those listed herewith.” His photographs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE73FFF6FEE80008FE502965" author="Fisher" box="[317,474,1892,1918]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. Part I. Phanerozonia and Spinulosa. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 76 (1), 1 - 406." type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 70, fig. b, c) are not at high enough magnification to show the form of the “sharp denticulations” of the aboral spines. Nothing in his description of variety B is incompatible with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FAAA00E7FE8429D1" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FAAA00E7FE8429D1" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but his variety B may include at least one other sympatric species that has subtly different spines. We re-examined many museum specimens identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE73FFF6FCE500B4FC4629EA" box="[816,972,2008,2033]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE73FFF6FCE500B4FC4629EA" box="[816,972,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Fisher and found that most lack the characteristic aboral spines exhibited by the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE72FFF7FD7007F4FC862EA9" box="[677,780,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and belong instead to other species, some of which are likely undescribed. We believe that most reports of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FD2007D3FC1B2EC3" box="[757,913,191,216]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FD2007D3FC1B2EC3" box="[757,913,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the North Pacific refer to other similar species. Fisher's
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FEB70789FD8A2EE5" box="[354,512,229,254]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FEB70789FD8A2EE5" box="[354,512,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
varieties A and C to F are probably all other species, some of which will be assessed in a regional revision of the genus (D. Eernisse and M. Strathmann, in prep.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE72FFF7FF13065EFB602CB3" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1879]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Verrill's (1914) eight varieties and one subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FC90065EFC362F50" box="[837,956,306,331]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FC90065EFC362F50" box="[837,956,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are mostly other species. We were able examine the only two known
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE72FFF7FE2E0635FDE92F68" box="[507,611,345,371]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FD590635FB8A2F68" authority="Stimpson, 1857" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" box="[652,1024,345,371]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FD590635FCA02F69" box="[652,810,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE72FFF7FCEF0635FC732F68" author="Stimpson" box="[826,1017,345,371]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" refString="Stimpson, W. (1857) On the Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific shores of North America. Boston Journal of Natural History, 6, 444 - 532, pls. 18 - 23." type="journal article" year="1857">Stimpson, 1857</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FBDC0635FAA22F68" authority="Verrill, 1914" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1914" box="[1033,1320,345,371]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" rank="variety" variety="lunula">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FBE80635FB032F69" box="[1085,1161,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">lunula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE72FFF7FB440635FAA22F68" author="Verrill" box="[1169,1320,345,371]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1914) Monograph of the shallow-water starfishes of the North Pacific coast from the Arctic Ocean to California. Harriman Alaska Series, Vol. XIV, Part 1, Text, 408 pp., Part. 2, Plates, Pls. I - CX." type="book" year="1914">Verrill, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and have tentatively identified one of these (YPM 9836), from Victoria, Vancouver Island, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FB6B06ECFAEE2F82" box="[1214,1380,384,409]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FB6B06ECFAEE2F82" box="[1214,1380,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We designate YPM 9836 as a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE72FFF7FE0C06CAFDF72FDB" box="[473,637,422,448]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FD7206CBFCC32FDB" box="[679,841,423,448]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FD7206CBFCC32FDB" box="[679,841,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We designate the other
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE72FFF7FBAC06CAFB522FDB" box="[1145,1240,422,448]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
(YPM 9835) as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE72FFF7FF4206A1FE882FFC" box="[151,258,461,487]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FEFC06A1FEFE2FFD" box="[297,372,461,486]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lunula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FEFC06A1FEFE2FFD" box="[297,372,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">lunula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because this is clearly the only specimen figured and the only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FB8006A1FB2A2FFD" box="[1109,1184,461,486]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lunula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FB8006A1FB2A2FFD" box="[1109,1184,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">lunula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE72FFF7FB6706A1FB632FFC" box="[1202,1257,461,487]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
|
||
” mentioned by Verrill. The aboral plates denuded of spines accord with his figures 2a–b (Plate 88) and the specimen is from Monterey, California, as stated by Verrill in reference to the figured specimen (p. 218); however, it is unclear whether he considered both specimens in the lot as “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE72FFF7FCCC052DFCD42C40" box="[793,862,577,603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">types</typeStatus>
|
||
” or only the figured specimen as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE72FFF7FB29052DFAEC2C40" box="[1276,1382,577,603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in a modern sense. Given the uncertainty, a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE72FFF7FD5F0504FD772C99" box="[650,765,616,642]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designation is appropriate but the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE72FFF7FB610504FAAD2C99" box="[1204,1319,616,642]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FAAB0504FE842CB3" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FAAB0504FE842CB3" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and will be treated in a subsequent study (D. Eernisse and M. Strathmann, in prep.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE72FFF7FF1305D9FDAE2A1F" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1879]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE72FFF7FF1305D9FE492CD4" author="Djakonov" box="[198,451,693,719]" pageId="7" pageNumber="35" refString="Djakonov, A. M. (1950) Sea stars (Asteroids) of the U. S. S. R. Seas. Keys to the Fauna of the U. S. S. R. 34, 1 - 152. (In Russian, English translation, Jerusalem 1968)" type="journal article" year="1950">Djakonov (1950: 95)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
distinguished two varieties of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FCEE05D9FC532CD5" box="[827,985,693,718]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FCEE05D9FC532CD5" box="[827,985,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on form of aboral spines. The aboral spines he described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FE2805B0FD122CEE" box="[509,664,732,757]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FE2805B0FD122CEE" box="[509,664,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
variety A, as “low with sharp but coarse glassy spines protruding on various sides as found in a specimen from Nanaimo Bay” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE72FFF7FCB3046EFB382D07" author="Djakonov" box="[870,1202,770,796]" pageId="7" pageNumber="35" refString="Djakonov, A. M. (1950) Sea stars (Asteroids) of the U. S. S. R. Seas. Keys to the Fauna of the U. S. S. R. 34, 1 - 152. (In Russian, English translation, Jerusalem 1968)" type="journal article" year="1950">Djakonov 1950: figs. 79, 80</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), corresponds to the spine morphology we found on the rediscovered
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE72FFF7FD2E0445FCE62D58" box="[763,876,809,835]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. We have not seen any specimens studied by Djakonov but his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FEB2043CFD882D72" box="[359,514,848,873]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FEB2043CFD882D72" box="[359,514,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
variety A could be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FD3C043CFC082D72" box="[745,898,848,873]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FD3C043CFC082D72" box="[745,898,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It should be noted, however, that Djakonov's variety A is not equivalent to Fisher's variety A, which had aboral spines ending in a solid glassy tip. Djakonov's
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FEF104F1FE352DAD" box="[292,447,925,950]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FEF104F1FE352DAD" box="[292,447,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
variety B, characterized by aboral spines “stout with a thorny apical knob as found on typical specimens from Monterey Bay” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE72FFF7FD7804A8FB862DC5" author="Djakonov" box="[685,1036,964,990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="35" refString="Djakonov, A. M. (1950) Sea stars (Asteroids) of the U. S. S. R. Seas. Keys to the Fauna of the U. S. S. R. 34, 1 - 152. (In Russian, English translation, Jerusalem 1968)" type="journal article" year="1950">Djakonov, 1950: figs. 83, 84</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FBBF04A8FA802DC6" box="[1130,1290,964,989]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FBBF04A8FA802DC6" box="[1130,1290,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but another species possibly still undescribed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE72FFF7FF13037DFBC02B21" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1879]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE72FFF7FF13037DFEEE2A30" author="Fisher" box="[198,356,1041,1067]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="7" pageNumber="35" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. Part I. Phanerozonia and Spinulosa. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 76 (1), 1 - 406." type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FDD0037DFDF62A31" box="[517,636,1041,1066]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FDD0037DFDF62A31" box="[517,636,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in “typical form” (his variety B) occurred from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, to Monterey Bay, California, and that southern specimens that were not “typical” extended to Santa Barbara Channel and San Diego, California. In contrast,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE72FFF7FC8E0332FB8F2A63" author="Verrill" box="[859,1029,1118,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1914) Monograph of the shallow-water starfishes of the North Pacific coast from the Arctic Ocean to California. Harriman Alaska Series, Vol. XIV, Part 1, Text, 408 pp., Part. 2, Plates, Pls. I - CX." type="book" year="1914">Verrill (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FB490333FAB52A63" box="[1180,1343,1119,1144]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FB490333FAB52A63" box="[1180,1343,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a “southern” form, noting that most of Fisher's specimens were from sites south of Sitka, Alaska. We have confirmed Fisher's identification of some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FD4E03C0FCB42ADE" box="[667,830,1196,1221]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FD4E03C0FCB42ADE" box="[667,830,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from near Sitka and Fort Wrangel (Alaska), Port Renfrew (Vancouver Island, British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE72FFF7FD9103BEFD372AF7" box="[580,701,1234,1260]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Port Townsend (North Puget Sound), and Hecata (= Heceta) Bank off Oregon.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE72FFF7FEB80395FD432B08" author="Djakonov" box="[365,713,1273,1299]" pageId="7" pageNumber="35" refString="Djakonov, A. M. (1950) Sea stars (Asteroids) of the U. S. S. R. Seas. Keys to the Fauna of the U. S. S. R. 34, 1 - 152. (In Russian, English translation, Jerusalem 1968)" type="journal article" year="1950">Djakonov (1950, figs. 79, 80)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described and illustrated his variety A from a specimen from Nanaimo, British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE72FFF7FEBD024CFE562B21" box="[360,476,1312,1338]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and said that it had spines like those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE72FFF7FC0E024CFBCF2B21" box="[987,1093,1312,1338]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE72FFF7FF13022AFB622874" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1879]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE72FFF7FF13022AFEFC2B7B" author="Uchida" box="[198,374,1350,1376]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" refString="Uchida, T. (1928) Report of the biological survey of Mutsu Bay. 11. Starfishes of Mutsu Bay. Scientific Reports of Tohoku Imperial University, Ser. 4, 3, 785 - 803, pls. XXXI - XXXIII." type="journal article" year="1928">Uchida (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a single specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FCD8022BFC0E2B7B" box="[781,900,1351,1376]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FCD8022BFC0E2B7B" box="[781,900,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE72FFF7FC02022AFB972B7B" box="[983,1053,1350,1376]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE72FFF7FBB5022AFA912B7B" author="Hayashi" box="[1120,1307,1350,1376]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" refString="Hayashi, R. (1940) Contributions to the classification of the Sea-stars of Japan. I. Spinulosa. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial University Series 6, Zoology, 7, pp. 125 - 166, pls. 7 - 13." type="journal article" year="1940">Hayashi (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
compared material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE72FFF7FE900201FE002B9C" box="[325,394,1389,1415]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
with specimens thought to be of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FCF60201FC142B9D" box="[803,926,1389,1414]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FCF60201FC142B9D" box="[803,926,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Kodiak, Alaska, and concluded that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FF4202F8FE842BB6" box="[151,270,1428,1453]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FF4202F8FE842BB6" box="[151,270,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not present in collections from Japanese waters.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE72FFF7FC5402F8FBC32BB5" author="Djakonov" box="[897,1097,1428,1454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="35" refString="Djakonov, A. M. (1950) Sea stars (Asteroids) of the U. S. S. R. Seas. Keys to the Fauna of the U. S. S. R. 34, 1 - 152. (In Russian, English translation, Jerusalem 1968)" type="journal article" year="1950">Djakonov (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FB6F02F8FABB2BB6" box="[1210,1329,1428,1453]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FB6F02F8FABB2BB6" box="[1210,1329,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Sea of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE72FFF7FF3E02D6FEBB2BCF" box="[235,305,1466,1492]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but later (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE72FFF7FE6502D6FD162BCF" author="Djakonov" box="[432,668,1466,1492]" pageId="7" pageNumber="35" refString="Djakonov, A. M. (1961) Survey of the star fish species of the genus Henricia Gray from the north-western parts of the Pacific Ocean. Investigations of the Far Eastern Seas of the U. S. S. R. Academy of Sciences of U. S. S. R., Moscow- Leningrad, 1961, 7, 5 - 89. (In Russian, English translation (unpub. July 1993) of pp. 5 - 15 by Tina Ross for Dr. Gordon Hendler, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, and English translation (unpub. July 2006) pp. 16 - 18, 21 - 26 by Svetlana Maslakova for Megumi Strathmann, Friday Harbor, Washington)" type="journal article" year="1961">Djakonov 1961: 23</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), having decided that at least two species were known under the name, stated it difficult to define the true range, which might include Sea of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE72FFF7FBC6028DFBDC2BE0" box="[1043,1110,1505,1531]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and near Paramushir Island of the Kurile Islands.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE72FFF7FE4E0164FDF52839" author="Hayashi" box="[411,639,1544,1570]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" refString="Hayashi, R. (1973) The Sea-stars of Sagami Bay. Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household) Tokyo, 1 - 114, 13 figs, 18 pls." type="book chapter" year="1973">Hayashi (1973: 11)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not list
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FCC50164FC02283A" box="[784,904,1544,1569]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FCC50164FC02283A" box="[784,904,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
among seastars from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE72FFF7FB5A0164FB5C2839" box="[1167,1238,1544,1570]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. We did not find
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FF420143FE842853" box="[151,270,1583,1608]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FF420143FE842853" box="[151,270,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a small sample of representative species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE72FFF7FC820142FC102853" box="[855,922,1582,1608]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
kindly made available to us by Mr. Masaki
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE72FFF7FF420139FF5A2874" box="[151,208,1621,1647]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Saba</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Mr. Yasuo Kano through the courtesy of Dr. Chitaro Oguro and Dr. Mieko Komatsu.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31300A5AE72FFF7FF130110FBC2294C" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE72FFF7FF130110FBC2294C" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1879]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FF130110FEEF288E" ID-CoL="3KVDT" box="[198,357,1660,1685]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FF130110FEEF288E" box="[198,357,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinct from congeners described from Japanese waters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE72FFF7FB9F0110FB7E288D" author="Hayashi" box="[1098,1268,1660,1686]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" refString="Hayashi, R. (1940) Contributions to the classification of the Sea-stars of Japan. I. Spinulosa. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial University Series 6, Zoology, 7, pp. 125 - 166, pls. 7 - 13." type="journal article" year="1940">Hayashi 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE72FFF7FAD00110FACB288D" author="Hayashi" box="[1285,1345,1660,1686]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" refString="Hayashi, R. (1973) The Sea-stars of Sagami Bay. Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household) Tokyo, 1 - 114, 13 figs, 18 pls." type="book chapter" year="1973">1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or the North Atlantic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE72FFF7FE9A01CEFE6628A7" author="Heding" box="[335,492,1698,1724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" refString="Heding, S. G. (1935) Echinoderms. The Scoresby Sound Committee's 2 nd East Greenland Expedition in 1932 to King Christian IX's Land. Meddelelser om Gronland, 104 (13), 16 - 34." type="journal article" year="1935">Heding 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE72FFF7FE2201CEFD3328A7" author="Rasmussen" box="[503,697,1698,1724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" refString="Rasmussen, B. N. (1965) On taxonomy and biology of the North Atlantic species of the asteroid genus Henricia Gray. Meddelelser fra Danmarks Fiskeri- og Havundersogelser (N. S.) 4 (7), 157 - 213, 32 figs." type="journal article" year="1965">Rasmussen1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE72FFF7FD1001CEFCEF28A7" author="Madsen" box="[709,869,1698,1724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1987) The Henricia sanguinolenta complex (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) of the Norwegian Sea and adjacent waters. A re-evaluation, with notes on related species. Steenstrupia, 13 (5), 201 - 268." type="journal article" year="1987">Madsen 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE72FFF7FCA401CEFB4128A7" author="Clark" box="[881,1227,1698,1724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="35" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) S tarfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guide 3, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">A. M. Clark & Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and we have not seen any specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE72FFF7FE7A01A5FDC528F9" ID-CoL="3KVDT" box="[431,591,1737,1762]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE72FFF7FE7A01A5FDC528F9" box="[431,591,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as restricted herein from north or west of Kenai Peninsula, Alaska or south of Puget Sound, Washington. In the northern part of its range, in southeastern Alaska, it appears to be less common than its similar congeners (D. Eernisse and M. Strathmann, in prep.) and it is likely endemic to northeastern Pacific cool temperate coastal areas (northern Oregonian province).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |