treatments-xml/data/03/96/87/039687B70D2FE06D7DA023D666FEFBA9.xml

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<mods:title id="7BD83D5F68A01C69F8D8828298169F61">Shallow water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the 2002 NOWRAMP cruise to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7F555A7BF648F8A5AE6B8C2BE3C7DD7C">Faucci, Anuschka</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C325652A0D2FE06A7DA023D665E0FB50" box="[151,497,1158,1185]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2FE06A7DA023D665E0FB50" blockId="11.[151,497,1158,1221]" box="[151,497,1158,1185]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="D0C881CD0D2FE06A7DA023D665E0FB50" bold="true" box="[151,497,1158,1185]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2FE06A7DA023D665E0FB50" ID-CoL="3JXJ9" authority="Millard, 1957" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1957" box="[151,497,1158,1185]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7DA023D665E0FB50" bold="true" box="[151,497,1158,1185]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7DA023D66551FB50" bold="true" box="[151,320,1158,1185]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hebella furax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2FE06A7C7023D665E0FB50" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[327,497,1158,1184]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="173 - 243" refId="ref63752" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1957) The Hydrozoa of False Bay, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 43, 173 - 243." type="journal article" year="1957">Millard, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2FE06A7DA023FB64F4FB35" blockId="11.[151,497,1158,1221]" box="[151,229,1195,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<figureCitation id="13042A240D2FE06A7DA023FB64F4FB35" box="[151,229,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,203,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[170,1417,181,1817]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Hebellidae. a, Hebella furax Millard, 1957, hydrotheca, Midway Atoll, ROMIZ B5407. Scale equals 0.1 mm. b. Hebella sp., hydrotheca, pedicel, and stolon, Midway Atoll, ROMIZ B5493. Scale equals 0.2 mm. c, Hebellopsis scandens (Bale, 1888), hydrotheca and pedicel, Pearl &amp; Hermes Atoll, ROMIZ B5413. Scale equals 0.1 mm. d, Hebellopsis sibogae Billard, 1942, hydrotheca and pedicel, Pearl &amp; Hermes Atoll, ROMIZ B5410. Scales equal 0.1 mm. e, Hebellopsis sibogae Billard, 1942, hydrotheca and pedicel, Pearl &amp; Hermes Atoll, ROMIZ B5411. Scale equal 0.1 mm. e," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5802930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5802930/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2FE06A7DA023BF6670FAF7" blockId="11.[151,1383,1263,1349]" box="[151,609,1263,1287]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2F118F0D2FE06A7DA023BF6670FAF7" box="[151,609,1263,1287]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D2FE06A7DA023BF65FBFAF7" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[151,490,1263,1287]" page="200" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1957">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2FE06A7DA023BF65FBFAF7" ID-CoL="3JXJ9" authority="Millard, 1957: 200" authorityName="Millard" authorityPageNumber="200" authorityYear="1957" box="[151,490,1263,1287]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7DA023BF6532FAF7" box="[151,291,1263,1287]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hebella furax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2FE06A7C1D23BF65FBFAF7" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[298,490,1263,1287]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="173 - 243" refId="ref63752" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1957) The Hydrozoa of False Bay, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 43, 173 - 243." type="journal article" year="1957">Millard, 1957: 200</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 8A–C.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2FE06A7DA0225E663CFAB5" blockId="11.[151,1383,1263,1349]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2FE06A7DA0225E659DFAD5" ID-CoL="67DS2" baseAuthorityName="Ciamician" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[151,396,1294,1318]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Anthohebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasitica">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7DA0225E659DFAD5" box="[151,396,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Anthohebella parasitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2FE06A7C9D225E6683FAD6" author="Coles, S. L. &amp; DeFelice, R. C. &amp; Eldredge, L. G." box="[426,658,1294,1318]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 353" refId="ref54212" refString="Coles, S. L., DeFelice, R. C. &amp; Eldredge, L. G. (2002 a) Nonindigenous marine species in Kane'ohe Bay, Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 24, 1 - 353." type="journal article" year="2002">
Coles 
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7CDC225F6609FAD6" box="[491,536,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
., 2002a: 34
</bibRefCitation>
, 318, 344; 2002b: 21, 25, 177 [not 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2FE06A7EC1225E614DFAD6" authority="Ciamician, 1880" authorityName="Ciamician" authorityYear="1880" box="[1014,1372,1294,1318]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasitica">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7EC1225E60BBFAD5" box="[1014,1194,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lafoea parasitica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2FE06A7987225E614DFAD6" author="Ciamician, J." box="[1200,1372,1294,1318]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="673 - 676" refId="ref53830" refString="Ciamician, J. (1880) Ueber Lafoea parasitica n. sp. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 33, 673 - 676." type="journal article" year="1880">Ciamician, 1880</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
]. 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2FE06A7DA0227C6519FAB4" box="[151,264,1324,1348]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7DA0227C64F6FAB4" box="[151,231,1324,1348]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hebella</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2FE06A7C15227C65CAFAB4" author="Calder, D. R." box="[290,475,1324,1349]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="201 - 246" refId="ref52863" refString="Calder, D. R. (2020) Some leptothecate hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Hawaii, mostly from inshore and nearshore waters. Zootaxa, 4830 (2), 201 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4830.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Calder, 2020: 205</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 1c.
</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="3B573CFC0D2FE06A7DA0222360F1FA7D" box="[151,1248,1394,1423]" country="South Africa" elevation="17" latitude="-34.091667" location="False Bay" longLatPrecision="772" longitude="18.65" municipality="Swartklip" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7DA022236527FA7C" bold="true" box="[151,310,1394,1421]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<typeStatus id="548488030D2FE06A7DA0222364C3FA7D" box="[151,210,1395,1421]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D2FE06A7C0B222365DEFA7D" box="[316,463,1395,1421]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">South Africa</collectingCountry>
: 
<location id="8EE0607A0D2FE06A7CEE2223665BFA7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687B70D2FE06D7DA023D666FEFBA9:8EE0607A0D2FE06A7CEE2223665BFA7D" box="[473,586,1395,1421]" country="South Africa" latitude="-34.091667" longLatPrecision="772" longitude="18.65" municipality="Swartklip" name="False Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">False Bay</location>
, off 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE4ACDB0D2FE06A7F4B222366FDFA7D" box="[636,748,1395,1421]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Swartklip</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B50660D2FE06A7FC022246748FA7F" box="[759,857,1396,1423]" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="5.5" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="92" value="-34.091667">34°5.5ʹS</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B50660D2FE06A7E52222467D3FA7F" box="[869,962,1396,1423]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="18.65">18°39ʹE</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CC79B440D2FE06A7EFA22226021FA7D" box="[973,1072,1394,1421]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="16.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="15.0">
<elevation id="0012D1920D2FE06A7EFA22226021FA7D" box="[973,1072,1394,1421]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="16.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="15.0">15–18 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2FE06A7909222360C6FA7D" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[1086,1239,1394,1421]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="173 - 243" refId="ref63752" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1957) The Hydrozoa of False Bay, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 43, 173 - 243." type="journal article" year="1957">Millard 1957</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2FE06A7DF022C764F8F9B1" blockId="11.[151,1437,1394,2033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7DF022C765B1FA40" bold="true" box="[199,416,1430,1457]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Voucher material.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D2FE06A7C9D22C7665AFA41" box="[426,587,1431,1457]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Midway Atoll</collectingCountry>
, on 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2FE06A7F4922C7676CFA41" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[638,893,1431,1457]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Capnodiaceae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Capnodiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="secundaria">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7F4922C7676CFA41" box="[638,893,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Antennella secundaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FF8110610D2FE06A7EB922C76018FA41" box="[910,1033,1431,1457]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2002-09-23">23.ix.2002</date>
, one colony, 
<quantity id="4CC79B440D2FE06A799422C760EAFA41" box="[1187,1275,1431,1457]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
high, without gonothecae, coll. A. Faucci, 
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE640D2FE06A7CE922EB6629FA25" box="[478,568,1467,1493]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
B5407.—Gardner Pinnacles, on 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2FE06A7E8422EB60CDFA25" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[947,1244,1467,1493]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoenicea">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7E8422EB60CDFA25" box="[947,1244,1467,1493]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Macrorhynchia phoenicea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FF8110610D2FE06A79DB22EB6177FA25" box="[1260,1382,1467,1493]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2002-09-14">14.ix.2002</date>
, one colony, 
<quantity id="4CC79B440D2FE06A7DC6228F6559FA09" box="[241,328,1503,1529]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
high, without gonothecae, coll. A. Faucci, 
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE640D2FE06A7E06228F679AFA09" box="[817,907,1503,1529]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
B5408.— 
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D2FE06A7EC8228E60B0FA09" box="[1023,1185,1502,1529]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Midway Atoll</collectingCountry>
, on 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2FE06A79E5228F617DFA09" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[1234,1388,1503,1529]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoenicea">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A79E5228F617DFA09" box="[1234,1388,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">M. phoenicea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2FE06A7DA0215365BEF9ED" authorityName="Bale" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,431,1539,1565]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="whiteleggei">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7DA0215365BEF9ED" box="[151,431,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Aglaophenia whiteleggei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FF8110610D2FE06A7C8921536628F9ED" box="[446,569,1539,1565]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2002-09-23">23.ix.2002</date>
, two colonies, to 1.0 mm high, without gonothecae, coll. A. Faucci, 
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE640D2FE06A78752153618DF9ED" box="[1346,1436,1539,1565]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
B5409.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325652A0D2FE06D7DF0211B66FEFBA9" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2FE06A7DF0211B66BDF875" blockId="11.[151,1437,1394,2033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7DF0211B652AF995" bold="true" box="[199,315,1611,1637]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks.</emphasis>
These hydroids closely resembled 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2FE06A7FFD211B6045F995" authority="Ciamician, 1880" authorityName="Ciamician" authorityYear="1880" box="[714,1108,1611,1637]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasitica">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7FFD211B6783F994" box="[714,914,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lafoea parasitica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2FE06A7EAD211B6045F995" author="Ciamician, J." box="[922,1108,1611,1637]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="673 - 676" refId="ref53830" refString="Ciamician, J. (1880) Ueber Lafoea parasitica n. sp. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 33, 673 - 676." type="journal article" year="1880">Ciamician, 1880</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="548488030D2FE06A7953211B6087F995" box="[1124,1174,1611,1637]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
locality: Adriatic Sea), 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2FE06A7DA0213F6607F979" authority="Billard, 1933" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,534,1647,1673]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dyssymetra">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7DA0213F6566F979" box="[151,375,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hebella dyssymetra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2FE06A7CB7213F6607F979" author="Billard, A." box="[384,534,1647,1673]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref50787" refString="Billard, A. (1933) Les hydroides des Golfes de Suez et d'Akaba. Memoires Presentes a l'Institut d'Egypte, 21, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1933">Billard, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="548488030D2FE06A7F10213F6648F979" box="[551,601,1647,1673]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
locality: Gulf of Suez), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2FE06A7E92213F60BBF979" authority="Millard, 1957" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1957" box="[933,1194,1646,1673]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7E92213F6014F979" box="[933,1029,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. furax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2FE06A7939213F60BBF979" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[1038,1194,1646,1673]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="173 - 243" refId="ref63752" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1957) The Hydrozoa of False Bay, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 43, 173 - 243." type="journal article" year="1957">Millard, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="548488030D2FE06A798C213F60FCF979" box="[1211,1261,1647,1673]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
locality: 
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D2FE06A786C213F64F5F95E" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">South Africa</collectingCountry>
). All three species have been reported from warm-waters of the Pacific Ocean. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2FE06A795D21C3618DF95D" author="Vervoort, W. &amp; Vasseur, P." box="[1130,1436,1683,1709]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref70668" refString="Vervoort, W. &amp; Vasseur, P. (1977) Hydroids from French Polynesia with notes on distribution and ecology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 159, 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1977">Vervoort &amp; Vasseur (1977)</bibRefCitation>
noted that there was little to separate 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2FE06A7F7121E766F8F921" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1933" box="[582,745,1719,1745]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dyssymetra">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7F7121E766F8F921" box="[582,745,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. dyssymetra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2FE06A7E1421E76793F921" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1957" box="[803,898,1719,1745]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7E1421E76793F921" box="[803,898,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. furax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but both were upheld pending examination of additional material. With trophosomes that are all much alike, these species are most reliably distinguished by their gonosomes. Those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2FE06A7CFE21AF6648F8E8" authorityName="Ciamician" authorityYear="1880" box="[457,601,1791,1816]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasitica">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7CFE21AF6648F8E8" box="[457,601,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">L. parasitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
release “swimming gonophores” with gonads on the manubrium, those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2FE06A7DA020736528F8CD" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,313,1827,1853]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dyssymetra">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7DA020736528F8CD" box="[151,313,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. dyssymetra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
liberate medusoids with gonads on radial canals, and those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2FE06A793F20736076F8CD" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1957" box="[1032,1127,1827,1853]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A793F20736076F8CD" box="[1032,1127,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. furax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
release immature medusae (Boero 
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7DD920176530F891" box="[238,289,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. 1997). Based on the character of its gonophores, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2FE06A7E50201767E9F890" authorityName="Ciamician" authorityYear="1880" box="[871,1016,1863,1888]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasitica">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7E50201767E9F890" box="[871,1016,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">L. parasitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was referred by them to new genus, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2FE06A7DA0203B66B6F875" authority="Boero, Bouillon &amp; Kubota, 1997" authorityName="Boero, Bouillon &amp; Kubota" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,679,1899,1925]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Anthohebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7DA0203B653DF875" box="[151,300,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Anthohebella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2FE06A7C04203B66B6F875" author="Boero, F. &amp; Bouillon, J. &amp; Kubota, S." box="[307,679,1899,1925]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref51178" refString="Boero, F., Bouillon, J. &amp; Kubota, S. (1997) The medusae of some species of Hebella Allman, 1888, and Anthohebella gen. nov. (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Lafoeidae), with a world synopsis of species. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 310, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1997">Boero, Bouillon &amp; Kubota, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D2FE06D7DF020DF670CFEB1" blockId="11.[151,1437,1394,2033]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,1113]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
During identification of material examined here, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2FE06A7FC320DF6784F859" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1933" box="[756,917,1935,1961]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dyssymetra">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7FC320DF6784F859" box="[756,917,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. dyssymetra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was dismissed because hydrothecae were not markedly bent (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D2FE06A7C7920E365E5F83D" author="Hirohito &amp; The Showa Emperor" box="[334,500,1970,1997]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref59764" refString="Hirohito, The Showa Emperor (1995) The hydroids of Sagami Bay Part 2. Thecata. Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 355 pp." type="book" year="1995">Hirohito 1995</bibRefCitation>
), and hydrothecal pedicels were distinctly developed rather than being indistinct (Boero 
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7DD820876533F801" box="[239,290,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
. 1997). Unlike 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D2FE06A7CED2087662BF801" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1957" box="[474,570,2007,2033]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D2FE06A7CED2087662BF801" box="[474,570,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H. furax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with occasional colonies said to be parasitic, all colonies in the collection were epizoites on plumularioid hydroids. Nevertheless, hydroids of the species are predominantly free-living, and Boero 
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7DD527EB6502FF25" box="[226,275,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. (1997) suspected that records of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D7FB927EB678DFF24" baseAuthorityName="Ciamician" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[654,924,187,213]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Anthohebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasitica">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7FB927EB678DFF24" box="[654,924,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Anthohebella parasitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Pacific were based instead on 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D780F27EB6184FF25" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1957" box="[1336,1429,187,213]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D780F27EB6184FF25" box="[1336,1429,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H. furax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Following their assumption, and considering the 
<typeStatus id="548488030D28E06D7F8D278F66FBFF09" box="[698,746,223,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
locality and center of distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D79BE278F610BFF08" baseAuthorityName="Ciamician" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1161,1306,223,249]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Anthohebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasitica">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D79BE278F610BFF08" box="[1161,1306,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. parasitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D28E06D7DE326536560FEED" box="[212,369,259,285]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Midway Atoll</collectingCountry>
and Gardner Pinnacles have been assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D7E41265367C2FEED" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1957" box="[886,979,259,285]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7E41265367C2FEED" box="[886,979,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H. furax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Hydroids identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D79D72653614EFEED" box="[1248,1375,259,285]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D79D726536128FEED" box="[1248,1337,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hebella</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
from Hawaii by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7C25267765BEFEB1" author="Calder, D. R." box="[274,431,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="201 - 246" refId="ref52863" refString="Calder, D. R. (2020) Some leptothecate hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Hawaii, mostly from inshore and nearshore waters. Zootaxa, 4830 (2), 201 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4830.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Calder (2020)</bibRefCitation>
are here considered conspecific.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D28E06D7DF0261B603BFD75" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
The taxonomy of the family 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D7F21261B673BFE95" authority="Fraser, 1912" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1912" box="[534,810,331,357]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
Hebellidae 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7FAE261B673BFE95" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[665,810,331,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="339 - 387" refId="ref56501" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1912) Some hydroids of Beaufort, North Carolina. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 30, 339 - 387." type="journal article" year="1912">Fraser, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and current concepts of genera assigned to it, remain unsettled. For example, life cycle studies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7F4D263F67D2FE79" author="Migotto, A. E. &amp; Andrade, L. P. de" box="[634,963,367,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1871 - 1888" refId="ref63691" refString="Migotto, A. E. &amp; Andrade, L. P. de (2000) The life cycle of Hebella furax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa): a link between a lafoeid hydroid and a laodiceid medusa. Journal of Natural History, 34, 1871 - 1888. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930050144774" type="journal article" year="2000">Migotto &amp; de Andrade 2000</bibRefCitation>
) reveal that the adult medusa of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D780A263F618DFE79" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1957" box="[1341,1436,367,393]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="furax">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D780A263F618DFE79" box="[1341,1436,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H. furax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares characters with 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D7CA026C366E7FE5D" authority="Mayer, 1910" authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1910" box="[407,758,403,429]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Toxorchis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kellneri">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7CA026C36671FE5D" box="[407,608,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Toxorchis kellneri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7F5026C366E7FE5D" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[615,758,403,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref62721" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910) Medusae of the world. Vol. I. The hydromedusae. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 109, 1 - 230. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5996" type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[= 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D7E2126C36012FE5D" baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[790,1027,403,429]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kellneri">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7E2126C36012FE5D" box="[790,1027,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Staurodiscus kellneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] (formerly in family 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D79C326C3652AFE22" authority="L. Agassiz, 1862" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" class="Hydrozoa" family="Laodiceidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
Laodiceidae L. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7DA026E7652AFE22" author="Agassiz, L." box="[151,315,439,466]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref49054" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">Agassiz, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7C7926E76669FE21" author="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Sentandreu, V. &amp; Latorre, A." box="[334,632,439,465]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="41 - 57" refId="ref65939" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L., Sentandreu, V. &amp; Latorre, A. (2010) Phylogenetic relationships of the endemic Antarctic benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): what does the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA tell us about it? Polar Biology, 33, 41 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 009 - 0683 - 5" type="journal article" year="2010">
Peña Cantero 
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7CDA26E7660EFE21" box="[493,543,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
pointed to an affinity between 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D7EEE26E760F9FE20" baseAuthorityName="Ciamician" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[985,1256,439,465]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Anthohebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasitica">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7EEE26E760F9FE20" box="[985,1256,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Anthohebella parasitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D781726E765B8FE06" authority="(M. Sars, 1863)" baseAuthorityName="M. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tiarannidae" genus="Stegopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="plicatile">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D781726E764E2FE05" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Stegopoma plicatile</emphasis>
(M. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7C1D268B65B0FE06" author="Sars, M." box="[298,417,475,502]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="25 - 39" refId="ref68099" refString="Sars, M. (1863) Bemaerkninger over fire norske hydroider. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania, Aar 1862, 25 - 39." type="journal article" year="1863">Sars, 1863</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(family 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D7F3E268B6720FE05" authority="Russell, 1940" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1940" box="[521,817,475,501]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tiarannidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
Tiarannidae 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7FA3268B6720FE05" author="Russell, F. S." box="[660,817,475,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="515 - 523" refId="ref67662" refString="Russell, F. S. (1940) On the nematocysts of hydromedusae. III. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 24, 515 - 523. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400045422" type="journal article" year="1940">Russell, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7E73268B6027FE06" author="Marques, A. C. &amp; Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Migotto, A. E." box="[836,1078,475,502]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="43 - 58" refId="ref62655" refString="Marques, A. C., Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Migotto, A. E. (2006) An overview of the phylogeny of the families Lafoeidae and Hebellidae (Hydrozoa: Leptothecata): their composition and classification. Invertebrate Systematics, 20, 43 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 05029" type="journal article" year="2006">
<collectingRegion id="49FBF8430D28E06D7E73268B67B7FE05" box="[836,934,475,501]" country="Italy" name="Marche" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Marques</collectingRegion>
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7E9A268B67CFFE05" box="[941,990,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. (2006)
</bibRefCitation>
suggested that 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D79D4268B64DEFDE9" authority="Allman, 1888" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D79D4268B612DFE05" box="[1251,1340,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hebella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7876268B64DEFDE9" author="Allman, G. J." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref49425" refString="Allman, G. J. (1888) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II. - The Tubularinae, Corymorphinae, Campanularinae, Sertularinae, and Thalamophora. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 23, 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="1888">Allman, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="548488030D28E06D7DD726AF6503FDE9" box="[224,274,511,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D7C4B26AF66DDFDE9" authority="Allman, 1888" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[380,716,511,537]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7C4B26AF6636FDE8" box="[380,551,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hebella striata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7F1826AF66DDFDE9" author="Allman, G. J." box="[559,716,511,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref49425" refString="Allman, G. J. (1888) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II. - The Tubularinae, Corymorphinae, Campanularinae, Sertularinae, and Thalamophora. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 23, 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="1888">Allman, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D7E3926AF67B2FDE9" authorityName="Boero, Bouillon &amp; Kubota" authorityYear="1997" box="[782,931,511,537]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Anthohebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7E3926AF67B2FDE9" box="[782,931,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Anthohebella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="548488030D28E06D7E8326AF67F7FDE9" box="[948,998,511,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D796626AF64C1FDCD" authority="Ciamician, 1880" authorityName="Ciamician" authorityYear="1880" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasitica">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D796626AF610BFDE8" box="[1105,1306,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lafoea parasitica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D781526AF64C1FDCD" author="Ciamician, J." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="673 - 676" refId="ref53830" refString="Ciamician, J. (1880) Ueber Lafoea parasitica n. sp. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 33, 673 - 676." type="journal article" year="1880">Ciamician, 1880</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) were either sister groups or congeneric. Investigations by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7E5C25736059FDCD" author="Moura, C. J. &amp; Cunha, M. R. &amp; Porteiro, F. M. &amp; Rogers, A. D." box="[875,1096,547,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="454 - 470" refId="ref64390" refString="Moura, C. J., Cunha, M. R., Porteiro, F. M. &amp; Rogers, A. D. (2012) Polyphyly and cryptic diversity in the hydrozoan families Lafoeidae and Hebellidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Invertebrate Systematics, 25, 454 - 470. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 11045" type="journal article" year="2012">
Moura 
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7E8A257367FEFDCD" box="[957,1007,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. (2012)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D794825736167FDCE" author="Maronna, M. M. &amp; Miranda, T. P. &amp; Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Barbeitos, M. S. &amp; Marques, A. C." box="[1151,1398,547,574]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="18075" refId="ref62515" refString="Maronna, M. M., Miranda, T. P., Pena Cantero, A. L., Barbeitos, M. S. &amp; Marques, A. C. (2016) Towards a phylogenetic classification of Leptothecata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Scientific Reports, 6, 18075. [published online] https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / srep 18075" type="journal article" year="2016">
Maronna 
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D79DC2573610CFDCD" box="[1259,1309,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. (2016)
</bibRefCitation>
indicate that 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D7C26251765B3FD90" authorityName="Ciamician" authorityYear="1880" box="[273,418,583,609]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasitica">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7C26251765B3FD90" box="[273,418,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. parasitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is close genetically to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D7F972517601AFD91" authority="(Allman, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Allman" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[672,1035,583,609]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7F9725176744FD90" box="[672,853,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hebella venusta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7E5425176012FD91" author="Allman, G. J." box="[867,1027,583,609]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref49272" refString="Allman, G. J. (1877) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5 (2), 1 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15852" type="journal article" year="1877">Allman, 1877</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Their studies also establish that the family 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D7DD0253B6571FD75" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1912" box="[231,352,619,645]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Hebellidae</taxonomicName>
as presently constituted is polyphyletic and in need of revision.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D28E06D7DF025DF67D8FCE5" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
DNA barcoding of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D7C9425DF6601FD58" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[419,528,655,680]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7C9425DF6601FD58" box="[419,528,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H. striata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will be needed to better resolve the taxonomy of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D79F725DF6108FD59" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[1216,1305,655,681]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D79F725DF6108FD59" box="[1216,1305,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hebella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the family based on it, and affinities of species assigned to it. A detailed morphological account of the species has been given by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7D8D25876563FD01" author="Vervoort, W." box="[186,370,727,753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 247" refId="ref70515" refString="Vervoort, W. (1972) Hydroids from the Theta, Vema and Yelcho cruises of the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 120, 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1972">Vervoort (1972)</bibRefCitation>
. Also called for is a molecular analysis of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D7E6525876119FD01" authority="Ritchie, 1907" authorityName="Ritchie" authorityYear="1907" box="[850,1288,727,753]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mutabilis">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7E6525876074FD01" box="[850,1125,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Campanularia mutabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D795A25876119FD01" author="Ritchie, J." box="[1133,1288,727,753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="488 - 514" refId="ref67474" refString="Ritchie, J. (1907) On collections of the Cape Verde Islands marine fauna, made by Cyril Crossland, M. A. (Cantab.), B. Sc. (Lond.), F. Z. S., of St. Andrews University, July to September, 1904. - The Hydroids. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1907, 488 - 514. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1907. tb 06944. x" type="book chapter" year="1907">Ritchie, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<typeStatus id="548488030D28E06D782425876152FD01" box="[1299,1347,727,753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D7D8125AB65B4FCE5" authority="Fraser, 1912" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1912" box="[182,421,763,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Scandia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7D8125AB6501FCE5" box="[182,272,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Scandia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7C2025AB65B4FCE5" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[279,421,763,789]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="339 - 387" refId="ref56501" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1912) Some hydroids of Beaufort, North Carolina. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 30, 339 - 387." type="journal article" year="1912">Fraser, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, to establish its systematic relation with 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D7E5E25AB67D3FCE5" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[873,962,763,789]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7E5E25AB67D3FCE5" box="[873,962,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hebella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D28E06D7DF0244F64F5FC71" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7DF0244F65C8FCC8" bold="true" box="[199,473,798,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Reported Distribution.</emphasis>
Hawaiian archipelago. Oahu: Kaneohe Bay, Moku Manu Island (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D79F2244F6189FCC9" author="Coles, S. L. &amp; DeFelice, R. C. &amp; Eldredge, L. G." box="[1221,1432,799,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 353" refId="ref54212" refString="Coles, S. L., DeFelice, R. C. &amp; Eldredge, L. G. (2002 a) Nonindigenous marine species in Kane'ohe Bay, Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 24, 1 - 353." type="journal article" year="2002">
Coles 
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7838244F6150FCC9" box="[1295,1345,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. 2002a
</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D7D80241365D6FCAC" baseAuthorityName="Ciamician" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[183,455,835,861]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Anthohebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasitica">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7D80241365D6FCAC" box="[183,455,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Anthohebella parasitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7CE124136675FCAD" author="Calder, D. R." box="[470,612,835,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="201 - 246" refId="ref52863" refString="Calder, D. R. (2020) Some leptothecate hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Hawaii, mostly from inshore and nearshore waters. Zootaxa, 4830 (2), 201 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4830.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Calder 2020</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D7FA724136702FCAD" box="[656,787,835,861]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7FA7241366F8FCAD" box="[656,745,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hebella</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
); Waikiki, Ala Wai buoy (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D790A24136100FCAD" author="Coles, S. L. &amp; DeFelice, R. C. &amp; Eldredge, L. G." box="[1085,1297,835,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 245" refId="ref54256" refString="Coles, S. L., DeFelice, R. C. &amp; Eldredge, L. G. (2002 b) Nonindigenous marine species at Waikiki and Hawai'i Kai, O'ahu, Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 25, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="2002">
Coles 
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D79B0241360A8FCAD" box="[1159,1209,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. 2002b
</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D7809241364C5FC70" baseAuthorityName="Ciamician" baseAuthorityYear="1880" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Anthohebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasitica">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7809241364C5FC70" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. parasitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D28E06D7DF024DB66FEFBA9" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Elsewhere.? 
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D28E06D7C6324DB6587FC55" box="[340,406,907,933]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7C9324DB6644FC55" author="Stechow, E." box="[420,597,907,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref69046" refString="Stechow, E. (1913 b) Hydroidpolypen der japanischen Ostkuste. II. Teil: Campanularidae, Halecidae, Lafoeidae, Campanulinidae und Sertularidae, nebst Erganzungen zu den Athecata und Plumularidae. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Koniglichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 3, Supplement-Band 2, 1 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11621" type="journal article" year="1913">Stechow 1913b</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D7F4924DB675EFC54" baseAuthorityName="Ciamician" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[638,847,907,933]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasitica">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7F4924DB675EFC54" box="[638,847,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hebella parasitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7E6A24DB67EFFC55" author="Hirohito &amp; The Showa Emperor" box="[861,1022,906,933]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref59764" refString="Hirohito, The Showa Emperor (1995) The hydroids of Sagami Bay Part 2. Thecata. Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 355 pp." type="book" year="1995">Hirohito 1995</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D791124DB60ABFC54" baseAuthorityName="Ciamician" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1062,1210,907,932]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasitica">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D791124DB60ABFC54" box="[1062,1210,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H. parasitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);?Indochina (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D786B24DB6505FC39" author="Dawydoff, C." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref55267" refString="Dawydoff, C. (1952) Contribution a l'etude des invertebres de la faune marine benthique de l'Indochine. Bulletin Biologique de la France et de la Belgique, Supplement 37, 1 - 158." type="journal article" year="1952">Dawydoff 1952</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D7C0B24FF65DEFC38" baseAuthorityName="Ciamician" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[316,463,943,968]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasitica">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7C0B24FF65DEFC38" box="[316,463,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H. parasitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D28E06D7CD124FF6665FC39" box="[486,628,943,969]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7FB624FF6709FC39" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[641,792,942,969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="173 - 243" refId="ref63752" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1957) The Hydrozoa of False Bay, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 43, 173 - 243." type="journal article" year="1957">Millard 1957</bibRefCitation>
, and others); 
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D28E06D7E9A24FF6034FC39" box="[941,1061,943,969]" name="Seychelles" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D790524FF615CFC39" author="Millard, N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon, J." box="[1074,1357,943,969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref64023" refString="Millard, N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon, J. (1973) Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, serie In- 8 °, Sciences Zoologiques, 206, 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard &amp; Bouillon 1973</bibRefCitation>
; Boero 
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7DA0248364DDFC1D" box="[151,204,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. 1997); 
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D28E06D7C1824836587FC1D" box="[303,406,979,1005]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7C9024836652FC1D" author="Watson, J. E." box="[423,579,978,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="157 - 176" refId="ref70847" refString="Watson, J. E. (1975) Hydroids of Bruny Island, southern Tasmania. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 99 (4): 157 - 176." type="journal article" year="1975">Watson 1975</bibRefCitation>
); Moorea, 
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D28E06D7FF424836799FC1D" box="[707,904,979,1005]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7EAE248360D5FC1D" author="Vervoort, W. &amp; Vasseur, P." box="[921,1220,979,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref70668" refString="Vervoort, W. &amp; Vasseur, P. (1977) Hydroids from French Polynesia with notes on distribution and ecology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 159, 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1977">Vervoort &amp; Vasseur 1977</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D28E06D79C32483619DFC1C" baseAuthorityName="Ciamician" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[1268,1420,979,1004]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parasitica">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D79C32483619DFC1C" box="[1268,1420,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">H. parasitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Mediterranean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7C4F24A766BAFBE1" author="Garcia Corrales, P. &amp; Buencuerpo Arcas, V. &amp; Peinado de Diego, V." box="[376,683,1015,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="5 - 39" refId="ref57719" refString="Garcia Corrales, P., Buencuerpo Arcas, V. &amp; Peinado de Diego, V. (1979) Contribucion al conocimiento de los hidrozoos de las costas Espanolas. Parte II: &quot; Lafoeidae &quot;, &quot; Campanulinidae &quot; y &quot; Syntheciidae &quot;. Boletin del Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, 5, 5 - 39." type="journal article" year="1979">
Garcia Corrales 
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7F0624A76673FBE1" box="[561,610,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. 1979
</bibRefCitation>
, and others); 
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D28E06D7E7624A76008FBE1" box="[833,1049,1015,1041]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
(Boero 
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D794224A760B7FBE1" box="[1141,1190,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. 1997); 
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D28E06D783424A76161FBE1" box="[1283,1392,1015,1041]" name="Indonesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D784824A76569FBC5" author="Di Camillo, C. G. &amp; Bavestrello, G. &amp; Valisano, L. &amp; Puce, S." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1589 - 1599" refId="ref55636" refString="Di Camillo, C. G., Bavestrello, G., Valisano, L. &amp; Puce, S. (2008) Spatial and temporal distribution in a tropical hydroid assemblage. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 88, 1589 - 1599. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315408002981" type="journal article" year="2008">
Di Camillo 
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7DCD234B653DFBC5" box="[250,300,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D28E06D7CBA234B65C0FBC5" box="[397,465,1051,1077]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7CD6234B672DFBC5" author="Migotto, A. E. &amp; Andrade, L. P. de" box="[481,828,1051,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1871 - 1888" refId="ref63691" refString="Migotto, A. E. &amp; Andrade, L. P. de (2000) The life cycle of Hebella furax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa): a link between a lafoeid hydroid and a laodiceid medusa. Journal of Natural History, 34, 1871 - 1888. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930050144774" type="journal article" year="2000">Migotto and de Andrade 2000</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D28E06D7E7F234B6038FBC5" author="Oliveira, O. M. P. &amp; Miranda, T. P. &amp; Araujo, E. M. &amp; Ayon, P. &amp; Cedeno-Posso, C. M. &amp; Cepeda-Mercado, A. A. &amp; Cordova, P. &amp; Cunha, A. F. &amp; Genzano, G. N. &amp; Haddad, M. A. &amp; Mianzan, H. W. &amp; Migotto, A. E. &amp; Miranda, L. S. &amp; Morandini, A. C. &amp; Nagata, R. M. &amp; Nascimento, K. B. &amp; Nogueira Jr., M. &amp; Palma, S. &amp; Quinones, J. &amp; Rodriguez, C. S. &amp; Scarabino, F. &amp; Schiariti, A. &amp; Stampar, S. N. &amp; Tronolone, V. B. &amp; Marques, A. C." box="[840,1065,1051,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref65209" refString="Oliveira, O. M. P., Miranda, T. P., Araujo, E. M., Ayon, P., Cedeno-Posso, C. M., Cepeda-Mercado, A. A., Cordova, P., Cunha, A. F., Genzano, G. N., Haddad, M. A., Mianzan, H. W., Migotto, A. E., Miranda, L. S., Morandini, A. C., Nagata, R. M., Nascimento, K. B., Nogueira Jr., M., Palma, S., Quinones, J., Rodriguez, C. S., Scarabino, F., Schiariti, A., Stampar, S. N., Tronolone, V. B. &amp; Marques, A. C. (2016) Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters. Zootaxa, 4194 (1), 1 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4194.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
Oliveira 
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D28E06D7E9B234B67CEFBC5" box="[940,991,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
, and others); 
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D28E06D79F3234B613DFBC5" box="[1220,1324,1051,1077]" name="Maldives" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Maldives</collectingCountry>
(GravierBonnet &amp; Bourmaud 2012); 
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D28E06D7CEE236F665FFBA9" box="[473,590,1087,1113]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">St. Helena</collectingCountry>
(Galea 2015).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>