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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="8198" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619" ID-GBIF-Dataset="24faa4da-b3d3-4f16-9bd4-830c47e189a3" ID-PMC="PMC7895808" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1017-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="24D307470678503FA8737A34FDC87114" ID-PubMed="33633480" ID-ZooBank="D6C509102C7A46059FAEB3E25FE48C8A" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1017-1" checkinTime="1613177902248" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hernandez, Osvaldo, Gomez-Gutierrez, Jaime &amp; Sanchez, Carlos" docDate="2021" docId="034057AD1509558C8B9F55DF48A7F3EB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1017: 1-20" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1017" docPubDate="2021-02-12" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619" docTitle="Leptogorgia martirensis Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="2F4C8356-9EF8-4772-A607-CBCC74032DB8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" id="24D307470678503FA8737A34FDC87114" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="24D307470678503FA8737A34FDC87114" masterDocTitle="Three new species of the sea fan genus Leptogorgia (Octocorallia, Gorgoniidae) from the Gulf of California, Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732938887984" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7D53F70AD4596088FD4A52324402A369">Three new species of the sea fan genus Leptogorgia (Octocorallia, Gorgoniidae) from the Gulf of California, Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="95B7E99904FB5944732E67A16C22B40C">Hernandez, Osvaldo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D6C023476BC55F8BF6CDE08C2E40C32E">Departamento de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur, Carretera al sur km 5.5, CP 23080, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico &amp; Departamento de Plancton y Ecologia Marina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Av. IPN, s / n, CP 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0F5520CB172A2138A54A517BDC37F386">Gomez-Gutierrez, Jaime</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A31A9B3C8CDAB80F1BDDC497B483E058">Departamento de Plancton y Ecologia Marina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Av. IPN, s / n, CP 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6A7C1987FAA76E73C8806DF2784C111E">Sanchez, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F16F8C4DB5ADC72C4D2D7928D66F7709">Departamento de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur, Carretera al sur km 5.5, CP 23080, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="F0C73C735F113C21FCAE4BE9A609B422">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="034057AD1509558C8B9F55DF48A7F3EB" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177383168" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2F4C8356-9EF8-4772-A607-CBCC74032DB8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/034057AD1509558C8B9F55DF48A7F3EB" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Gorgoniidae" scope_order="Alcyonacea" scope_subClass="Octocorallia" scope_subOrder="Holaxonia">
<subSubSection id="B53D6A905212E8C6B659956C67251887" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E1A390A43929C02D8C1D9EA0CD171B88" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="2EEA2F615276F2B01E995AB2E3D46A51" ID-CoL="866LZ" LSID="http://zoobank.org/2F4C8356-9EF8-4772-A607-CBCC74032DB8" authority="Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez, 2021" authorityName="Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia martirensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martirensis" status="sp. nov.">Leptogorgia martirensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4B6DDC7DDEC39B5CB631631C1B7FD308" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="F4DB55E6457CC32B05A4A6E8457DCC2A" captionStart="Figure l" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure l. Map of the Gulf of California and Mexican Pacific showing collection localities of the three new species of Leptogorgia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figurel" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509105" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="601382DF0AD2177698B239D190FD76DB" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov. A holotype NMNH- 1638556 B anthocodial and coenenchymal sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509108" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="4B033C0B4E4748EC9FCDD6C2E0FF82AB" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov., Scanning Electron Microscopy images of coenenchymal sclerites from the holotype NMNH- 1638556 A capstans B rod lateral view C anthocodial rod sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509109" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="65C4B5B4440A2DF0D7CEC3F5FCBFF710" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Three new species of sea fans, colonies in situ, underwater images A Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov., San Juanito Island, Piedra El Morro, Islas Marias Archipelago, 10 m depth, 23 November 2010, a deep purple colony, at the base a small red wine colony of Leptogorgia ena B Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov., polyps close up C Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov., Cueva Refugio, San Pedro Martir Island, Sonora, 2 - 3 m depth, 16 July 2010 into the cave several small colonies D Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov., colony close up E Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov., Los Choros, BC, 25 m depth, 10 July 2009, two yellow colonies, a large colony of Eugorgia multifida in the background F Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov., El Bajo Sur, Cerralvo Island, BCS, 30 m depth, 23 June 2006, white colony G Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov., polyps close up. Photographs by Carlos Sanchez." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509112" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 8C, D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A2544CDFDA7534AFD12CE21D6D93E706" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1D04AC311EE4D22FAB303AEF3A5435E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18527297A8D2F6307710CB73F563D8F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="6B183494708EECFA5EE4A9D654C83663" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="EC4E08A21CFA61775CE6319055EADFD4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
NMNH-1638556: dry, Cueva Refugio, San Pedro
<normalizedToken id="408803CBB681B0F85266EA5A936CBED5" originalValue="Mártir">Martir</normalizedToken>
Island, Sonora, Mexico (
<geoCoordinate id="BF19D301859C9DB2A7D892A0E3DDD1D3" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="22.297" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="28.371616">28°22.297'N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="EA76BED7BB68E9ABA88E3094C6711034" degrees="112" direction="west" minutes="19.040" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-112.31734">112°19.040'W</geoCoordinate>
), 1 m depth, 16 July 2010, collector Carlos
<normalizedToken id="204F1733ADC6916E57FD9C743AF0764F" originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
.
<emphasis id="03900552C0B96CD336DD0796B9869BA1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="52185F7FB4826A1C517DD017EE5BDD39" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
NMNH-1638557: dry, Cueva Refugio, San Pedro
<normalizedToken id="E6AAFECF62551AD0B40830E4B4F606B8" originalValue="Mártir">Martir</normalizedToken>
Island, Sonora, Mexico (
<geoCoordinate id="9CA87534ABEA69F2456CF8093A9AD3F8" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="22.297" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="28.371616">28°22.297'N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="550D01DDAA5F7EA19108E4CFE2411EC4" degrees="112" direction="west" minutes="19.040" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-112.31734">112°19.040'W</geoCoordinate>
), 1 m depth, 16 July 2010, collector Carlos
<normalizedToken id="93167B6420C336E82571EF5259142FB5" originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
; NMNH-1638558: dry, Cueva Refugio, San Pedro
<normalizedToken id="FC8F1A8CE6A2908392EF2BD333EEB692" originalValue="Mártir">Martir</normalizedToken>
Island, Sonora, Mexico (
<geoCoordinate id="D553FA1DEDB263965408BD0E630EB5ED" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="22.297" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="28.371616">28°22.297'N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="52C3F91D9FAF60DA7AA515542CAD5898" degrees="112" direction="west" minutes="19.040" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-112.31734">112°19.040'W</geoCoordinate>
), 1 m depth, July 16, 2010, collector Carlos
<normalizedToken id="4295E8F46DA72DCF25846BD78B2AB85B" originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
; NMNH-1638559: San Pedro
<normalizedToken id="954D9882486459FF90356A2FE9F5A955" originalValue="Mártir">Martir</normalizedToken>
Island, Sonora, Mexico (
<geoCoordinate id="7A755A45011C2CD2ECBE2F157585EBCE" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="22.818" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="28.3803">28°22.818'N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="A1C1B33FC66F05EB0F0581C2CBD7A1D1" degrees="112" direction="west" minutes="18.4422" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-112.30737">112°18.4422'W</geoCoordinate>
), 20 m depth, 16 July 2010, collector Carlos
<normalizedToken id="B0F447A0D51E55AF323D722000B754C6" originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="2C27526C6D69677CBC87EDF91038C1E5" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509108" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="85E984382939D6E0170E28A341B2F439" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="FAF14CD5238778ACDFFEBB56DC44F433" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9F56FE329AAD3D1452CE7CE8341C6472" authorityName="Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia martirensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martirensis">
<emphasis id="4DB3F450F9CC5790149DF6CAC3168D69" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia martirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis id="5C15A0524666E7F8635171342D06D1AC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
holotype NMNH-1638556
<emphasis id="9F00E9D25A02EC234EFFCBBB50A1A057" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
anthocodial and coenenchymal sclerites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FB6C12AA728261809234C4A594B4638A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="0A7FEC8BDE51A68695D48CA8CF7E0CE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="244B0D1288B8178BA3364415857E6927" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Cueva Refugio, San Pedro
<normalizedToken id="FD22B63B197E16815959DCAB94E6D54B" originalValue="Mártir">Martir</normalizedToken>
Island, Sonora, Mexico is one of the furthest offshore islands in the Gulf of California (part of midriff islands at the upper Gulf) where volcanic rocky reefs predominate. San Pedro
<normalizedToken id="1C77FC4A702417EC4A05F667B8068B37" originalValue="Mártir">Martir</normalizedToken>
Island is a UNESCO &quot;Islas del Golfo de California&quot; Biosphere Reserve (Fig.
<figureCitation id="289244C279019B717947E447F9A851B7" captionStart="Figure l" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure l. Map of the Gulf of California and Mexican Pacific showing collection localities of the three new species of Leptogorgia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figurel" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509105" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="917C994D2F52F6271CCD6441F27AAF9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="F4A9B3AD4603ED869D63479904B24C2A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype colony description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="736979DA1473868468FCC220AEF3F8CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
A yellow colony with bushy and dense growth with multiple and irregular brownish lines (Fig.
<figureCitation id="3EF6FB33EEA1C1B47002BDF313948CB8" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov. A holotype NMNH- 1638556 B anthocodial and coenenchymal sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509108" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A</figureCitation>
). The colony is 6.1 cm in length and 8.1 cm in width. The holdfast is irregular, 14 mm
<normalizedToken id="4C947C323D10F4F37E06183C629C36A4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
11 mm from which the short main stem rises (2 mm length, 4 mm diameter). The colony has four main branches up to 11 mm length and 3 mm diameter. The main branches subdivide into multiple secondary branches (up to 31 mm length, 2 mm diameter). Terminal twigs are flat and short (12 mm length, 2 mm width) with acute ends. The general pattern of upward ramification is lateral at 45° angle. Polyp mounds are oval and prominent, forming one or two rows at each side of the branches with 0.5 mm height, 2 mm length, and 1 mm width with elongated calyces. The colony has several specimens of unidentified dried ophiuroids (&lt;2 mm oral disc diameter) attached to the branches (Fig.
<figureCitation id="41E9EDD003024787CC655CDAA84C9487" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov. A holotype NMNH- 1638556 B anthocodial and coenenchymal sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509108" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3463BA52C66065DDD624011CC5A354D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="holotype sclerites">
<paragraph id="DC8F7B0053BF99B9902B853F9A3DEE66" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype sclerites.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="017F622D2486A14A208F0D4FA86607D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The coenenchymal sclerites are exclusively capstans (Figs
<figureCitation id="A283B33F0B7BBB819788C7A39E845D19" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov. A holotype NMNH- 1638556 B anthocodial and coenenchymal sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509108" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="597CD8D86B444BF2A0AA063C0D50FC05" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov., Scanning Electron Microscopy images of coenenchymal sclerites from the holotype NMNH- 1638556 A capstans B rod lateral view C anthocodial rod sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509109" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A</figureCitation>
). There is no evidence of other types of sclerites being present in any other section of the colony. The capstans reach 0.05 mm long and 0.03 mm wide (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6AD829EC377792BADA38553A38F0C05A" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov., Scanning Electron Microscopy images of coenenchymal sclerites from the holotype NMNH- 1638556 A capstans B rod lateral view C anthocodial rod sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509109" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A</figureCitation>
), their color is pale yellow, pink, red or bicolor yellow-red, but the predominant color is pale yellow (90%). The anthocodial sclerites are lobed rods with acute or blunt ends up to 0.1 mm length and 0.03 mm width in the center (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EA239ED46D83899A76A695FB0462D8C4" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov., Scanning Electron Microscopy images of coenenchymal sclerites from the holotype NMNH- 1638556 A capstans B rod lateral view C anthocodial rod sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509109" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5B, C</figureCitation>
). They are bicolor white-red, red, orange or white. The red chromotype is predominant (70% of observed colonies) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="866C0EA258DF40987C98B1E3C0CFBA73" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov. A holotype NMNH- 1638556 B anthocodial and coenenchymal sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509108" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="344A2225F073BCE57E95AB6448C79256" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509109" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="05DC8C3E245945C271E72AEB7CABEE9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="0CA97AB6E51DCD6A1CABB993CBB13697" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5D3570F3891FA3B14C01E76B1CBAE58D" authorityName="Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia martirensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martirensis">
<emphasis id="318DFA807B4AF58E3A5BDF20660C0B44" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia martirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., Scanning Electron Microscopy images of coenenchymal sclerites from the holotype NMNH-1638556
<emphasis id="2D0927721991A5FBB992E84A5131C7FD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
capstans
<emphasis id="35B7EA9BC5E7166F082372B8D9BA9F6A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
rod lateral view
<emphasis id="A01970693BF4A4E9F968A83362C1C70B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
anthocodial rod sclerites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1BA6129D5BC7C9AB44172653521CA2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="morphological variations">
<paragraph id="3CA9E9A3110B9BEDA78837E1CB2C940F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Morphological variations.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="89C078DD31DB59C8F15059F537401EDB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="E3ADA1790AD32D8C64CC3CFB37B72C1F" authorityName="Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia martirensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martirensis">
<emphasis id="1DAAA371F155E67FCB58F024E9792435" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia martirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. colonies show three chromotypes: purple, yellow and brown (Figs
<figureCitation id="D9B06ED433324DEFA5AF532F604282BF" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov. A holotype NMNH- 1638556 B anthocodial and coenenchymal sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509108" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="93B7901784AFA4D8DAD9D60F60CA1A44" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Three new species of sea fans, colonies in situ, underwater images A Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov., San Juanito Island, Piedra El Morro, Islas Marias Archipelago, 10 m depth, 23 November 2010, a deep purple colony, at the base a small red wine colony of Leptogorgia ena B Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov., polyps close up C Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov., Cueva Refugio, San Pedro Martir Island, Sonora, 2 - 3 m depth, 16 July 2010 into the cave several small colonies D Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov., colony close up E Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov., Los Choros, BC, 25 m depth, 10 July 2009, two yellow colonies, a large colony of Eugorgia multifida in the background F Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov., El Bajo Sur, Cerralvo Island, BCS, 30 m depth, 23 June 2006, white colony G Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov., polyps close up. Photographs by Carlos Sanchez." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509112" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8C, D</figureCitation>
). The colony color depends on the proportion of the dominant color of the coenenchymal sclerites, but in a few cases the colonies show a brown chromotype when the color proportion of sclerites is approximately 50% purple and 50% yellow.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="74879CA90EEC355F51FC602D7782A960" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B3F2158CED242D4987F116F79EBE2767" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8004D344481BDB3471E2F0491743DEC6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The colony growth, size and polyp mounds of
<taxonomicName id="B8B277A57C44E99C5CE5193A2085B187" authorityName="Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia martirensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martirensis">
<emphasis id="CDA583F2BDEA746711EA6BDC5B727EA1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia martirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. are similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="1ABEF2440F36FB08FF89DCB3286FEC50" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia aequatorialis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aequatorialis">
<emphasis id="A742631BD3DAD09EAB1825181977595B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia aequatorialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bielschowsky, 1929,
<taxonomicName id="687A44BB4CE912F07F742A6B6547658E" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia obscura" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="A68A7214451679B824635ADAB7F2A5B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="2008ED14EC913BAD8B2A5DC1DB554470" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia parva" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="08DA901518F55A1F21060F835CEF43FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, these three species each have only one chromotype (purple, pink, and orange, respectively), and all these species have spindles in their coenenchyme up to 0.1 mm length, while
<taxonomicName id="4C54F7B4B62B05412BB8B4CD86095FBC" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. martirensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martirensis">
<emphasis id="8B22605BF01459C742C822AC8E11689F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. martirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. has three chromotypes and no spindles in the coenenchyme.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3318E06E7DD1E687144BC20C80321004" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="828454E8EA44FEF1E744348B39D97705" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FBF1B572314201B266060893D9E4B3D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The micro-endemic
<taxonomicName id="996CEB6CEAD5B17384669765E006F79D" authorityName="Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia martirensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martirensis">
<emphasis id="7819262F4323C88FF02B552D1B74DA0E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia martirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is only recorded in rocky shallow waters (up to 10 m depth), and low abundance, at San Pedro
<normalizedToken id="C01363BD3856847E61DEED1808D742C3" originalValue="Mártir">Martir</normalizedToken>
and San Esteban Islands, Sonora. The islands are located in the northern Gulf of California (as part of the Cortez Province according to
<bibRefCitation id="DB8FF9ED2F4CF8A4B98034F78B009B2D" author="Brusca, RC" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="67 - 105" refId="B11" refString="Brusca, RC, Wallerstein, BR, 1979. Zoogeographic pattern of idoteid isopods in the northeast Pacific, with a review of shallow water zoogeography of the area. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 3: 67 - 105" title="Zoogeographic pattern of idoteid isopods in the northeast Pacific, with a review of shallow water zoogeography of the area." volume="3" year="1979">Brusca and Wallerstein 1979</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="34F52A54A092213A726E336C93BC9BD6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb00166.x" author="Hasting, PA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="319 - 335" refId="B15" refString="Hasting, PA, 2000. Biogeography of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: distribution and phylogeny of chaenopsid fishes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 128 (3): 319 - 335, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb00166.x" title="Biogeography of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: distribution and phylogeny of chaenopsid fishes." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb00166.x" volume="128" year="2000">Hasting 2000</bibRefCitation>
), and are the most isolated islands in the gulf (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EBF398001C75E89D5FE408674621FE4A" captionStart="Figure l" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure l. Map of the Gulf of California and Mexican Pacific showing collection localities of the three new species of Leptogorgia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figurel" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509105" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
). The Cortez Province is associated with the lowest winter sea superficial temperature (SST 15 °C), the widest annual range of SST (15-30 °C), high marine productivity, and harbor a unique macroinvertebrate community, dominated by endemic octocorals of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4309663A695E20410B0C0F03D5C799B1" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="825BBC64483553F47EE8F8323B5594FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muricea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B3A489D91A3CDFD57FEA645FD3A38284" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2016.1143105" author="Ulate, K" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="389 - 401" refId="B23" refString="Ulate, K, Sánchez, C, Sánchez-Rodríguez, A, Alonso, D, Aburto-Oropeza, O, Huato-Soberanis, L, 2016. Latitudinal regionalization of epibenthic macroinvertebrate communities on rocky reefs in the Gulf of California. Marine Biology Research 12 (4): 389 - 401, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2016.1143105" title="Latitudinal regionalization of epibenthic macroinvertebrate communities on rocky reefs in the Gulf of California." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2016.1143105" volume="12" year="2016">Ulate et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="D2C85D5A4DDD83DED78082DCFEA2F3DD" authorityName="Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia martirensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martirensis">
<emphasis id="29A548AD0FE26D026669CEE47C2803A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia martirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. shares its habitat with
<taxonomicName id="CE2C3F448C26EE4CF09B309077487428" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1869" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea austera" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="austera">
<emphasis id="4D356E0891CFCF3DB62AAA00B2DDD4E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muricea austera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Verrill, 1869,
<taxonomicName id="3AA1A6AE6FAB2DCAA7350C527BB685F8" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea plantaginea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="plantaginea">
<emphasis id="AF0FB6FB03BDF59780BC743369A058E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muricea plantaginea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes, 1846),
<taxonomicName id="E3928316F23E2624DC58CF2CC68D0F59" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1621621D4B623B13FB06FB1CFCD3DB83" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muricea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.,
<taxonomicName id="8EF7D9DA7B65E096D614D9B1A62BEDDD" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Psammogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psammogorgia teres" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="teres">
<emphasis id="E6990146CB4FBC59DFDF5D7BC55B531B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Psammogorgia teres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Verrill, 1868, and
<taxonomicName id="ED6BD93EF96607C7E9E7DFB1C0D9F4CB" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia excelsa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="excelsa">
<emphasis id="FD750E1281ABBC001D73E618E3FC9919" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eugorgia excelsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Verrill, 1868.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5241B4B15F6E0F0AB2259C071803F11E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="0F58BDC5CCFC22EAB14C7606C6A77C51" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C44BB7B6A915559872A3AEE98B868D8C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="2FE5D91CE15DE9641084BA1D33C8CA4C" authorityName="Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia martirensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="martirensis">
<emphasis id="FA70126BE7490EB161E537161DFF0A53" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia martirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. takes its name from the collection site San Pedro
<normalizedToken id="4C2BDF14E285C02279D290F3C497419B" originalValue="Mártir">Martir</normalizedToken>
Island.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>