165 lines
20 KiB
XML
165 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5DDF13B1E700672C071A8B97AF017F84">Mesodiphthera Tillyard, 1919, from the Late Triassic of Queensland, the oldest cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadoidea: Tettigarctidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="1CC9C60A021B73B4A68AE12444243310">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="4D7087C2FFECFFFBFF0BFF5EFD5FFC88" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5931806" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154402354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5931806" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D7087C2FFECFFFBFF0BFF5EFD5FFC88" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D7087C2FFECFFFBFF0BFF5EFD5FFC88" lastPageNumber="365" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">
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<subSubSection id="8DC3655FFFECFFFBFF0BFF5EFD2FFF4F" box="[151,708,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C56636D4FFECFFFBFF0BFF5EFD2FFF4F" blockId="7.[151,708,152,211]" box="[151,708,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="F7ADEAC6FFECFFFBFF0BFF5EFD2FFF4F" bold="true" box="[151,708,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">
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<taxonomicName id="02D94D57FFECFFFBFF0BFF5EFDDAFF4F" ID-CoL="8JZJX" authority="(Tillyard), 1922" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Tillyard" box="[151,561,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Tardilly" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dunstani">
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<emphasis id="F7ADEAC6FFECFFFBFF0BFF5EFE8EFF4F" bold="true" box="[151,357,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">Tardilly dunstani</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="A1484B25FFECFFFBFEE8FF5EFDDAFF4F" author="Tillyard, R. J." box="[372,561,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" pagination="447 - 470" refId="ref5479" refString="Tillyard, R. J. (1922) Mesozoic insects of Queensland. No. 9. Orthoptera, and additions to the Protorthoptera, Odonata, Hemiptera and Planipennia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 47, 447 - 470." type="journal article" year="1922">Tillyard), 1922</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, comb. nov.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8DC3655FFFECFFFBFF0BFF7CFECDFF2E" box="[151,294,186,211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C56636D4FFECFFFBFF0BFF7CFECDFF2E" blockId="7.[151,708,152,211]" box="[151,294,186,211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">
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(
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<figureCitation id="5DE22A51FFECFFFBFF03FF7CFEF7FF2E" box="[159,284,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[241,1347,205,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[241,1347,205,1941]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 8–11. 8, 9, Tardilly prosboloides (Tillyard), holotype, GSQ89b (Fig. 8 shows the mesonotum at lower left of tegmen); 10, 11, Tardilly dunstani (Tillyard), holotype, GSQ137a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2595028/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">Figs 10, 11</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8DC3655FFFECFFFBFF0BFEC4FD71FECA" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C56636D4FFECFFFBFF0BFEC4FD30FEE5" blockId="7.[151,731,258,311]" box="[151,731,258,280]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E5C911FAFFECFFFBFF0BFEC4FD30FEE5" box="[151,731,258,280]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">
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<taxonomicName id="02D94D57FFECFFFBFF0BFEC4FDB2FEE5" ID-CoL="8J8XX" authority="Tillyard, 1922: 462" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityPageNumber="462" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,601,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Mesodiphthera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dunstani">
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<emphasis id="F7ADEAC6FFECFFFBFF0BFEC4FE66FEE5" box="[151,397,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">Mesodiphthera dunstani</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="447810C5FFECFFFBFE08FEC4FDB2FEE5" author="Tillyard, R. J." box="[404,601,258,280]" page="462" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" year="1922">
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<bibRefCitation id="A1484B25FFECFFFBFE08FEC4FDCCFEE5" author="Tillyard, R. J." box="[404,551,258,280]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" pagination="447 - 470" refId="ref5479" refString="Tillyard, R. J. (1922) Mesozoic insects of Queensland. No. 9. Orthoptera, and additions to the Protorthoptera, Odonata, Hemiptera and Planipennia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 47, 447 - 470." type="journal article" year="1922">Tillyard, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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: 462
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, text-fig. 81.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C56636D4FFECFFFBFF0BFEE4FD71FECA" blockId="7.[151,731,258,311]" box="[151,666,289,311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E5C911FAFFECFFFBFF0BFEE4FD71FECA" box="[151,666,289,311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">
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<taxonomicName id="02D94D57FFECFFFBFF0BFEE4FE56FECA" authority="(Tillyard)" authorityName="Tillyard" baseAuthorityName="Tillyard" box="[151,445,289,311]" class="Insecta" family="Ligavenidae" genus="Ligavena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dunstani">
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<emphasis id="F7ADEAC6FFECFFFBFF0BFEE4FEB9FECA" box="[151,338,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">Ligavena dunstani</emphasis>
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(Tillyard)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<treatmentCitation id="447810C5FFECFFFBFE5BFEE7FD7DFECA" author="Hamilton, K. G. A." box="[455,662,289,311]" page="427" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="A1484B25FFECFFFBFE5BFEE7FD88FECA" author="Hamilton, K. G. A." box="[455,611,289,311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" pagination="423 - 430" refId="ref4697" refString="Hamilton, K. G. A. (1992) Lower Cretaceous Homoptera from the Koonwarra fossil bed in Australia, with a new Superfamily and synopsis of Mesozoic Homoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 85, 423 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 85.4.423" type="journal article" year="1992">Hamilton 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 427
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8DC3655FFFECFFFBFF0BFEA5FB92FE80" box="[151,1145,355,381]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C56636D4FFECFFFBFF0BFEA5FB92FE80" blockId="7.[151,1437,355,885]" box="[151,1145,355,381]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="F7ADEAC6FFECFFFBFF0BFEA5FEEDFE81" bold="true" box="[151,262,355,380]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">Material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="75B13C89FFECFFFBFE91FEA2FB92FE80" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2013156700" box="[269,1145,356,381]" country="Denmark" location="Denmark" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="1A628876FFECFFFBFE91FEA2FE9EFE80" box="[269,373,356,381]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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tegmen GSQ137a (now in the Queensland Museum),
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<collectingCountry id="BDCE7644FFECFFFBFC4AFEA2FBD5FE80" box="[982,1086,356,381]" name="Denmark" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">Denmark</collectingCountry>
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Hill.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8DC3655FFFECFFFBFF5BFE41FD5FFC88" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C56636D4FFECFFFBFF5BFE41FF17FE15" blockId="7.[151,1437,355,885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="F7ADEAC6FFECFFFBFF5BFE41FEB2FE5D" bold="true" box="[199,345,391,416]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">Description.</emphasis>
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Tegmen about same size as
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<taxonomicName id="02D94D57FFECFFFBFD2CFE4FFC83FE5D" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Tillyard" box="[688,872,391,416]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Tardilly" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prosboloides">
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<emphasis id="F7ADEAC6FFECFFFBFD2CFE4FFC83FE5D" box="[688,872,391,416]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">M. prosboloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; M3 with 2 branches, M4 simple; CuA sharply angled at, and forking a short distance beyond, nodal line; CuA fork almost 90˚; CuA2 straight; no colour pattern detected.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C56636D4FFECFFFBFF5BFE32FD5FFC88" blockId="7.[151,1437,355,885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="F7ADEAC6FFECFFFBFF5BFE32FEFAFDF1" bold="true" box="[199,273,500,524]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">Notes.</emphasis>
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The
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<typeStatus id="1A628876FFECFFFBFED6FE33FE91FDF0" box="[330,378,501,525]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">type</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="02D94D57FFECFFFBFE3CFE33FDF0FDF0" box="[416,539,500,525]" class="Insecta" family="Ligavenidae" genus="Ligavena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dunstani">
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<emphasis id="F7ADEAC6FFECFFFBFE3CFE33FDF0FDF0" box="[416,539,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">T. dunstani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="5DE22A51FFECFFFBFDB7FE32FD97FDF1" box="[555,636,500,525]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[241,1347,205,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[241,1347,205,1941]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 8–11. 8, 9, Tardilly prosboloides (Tillyard), holotype, GSQ89b (Fig. 8 shows the mesonotum at lower left of tegmen); 10, 11, Tardilly dunstani (Tillyard), holotype, GSQ137a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2595028/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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) is quite distorted and does not lie flat on the rock. The post-nodal area is bent upwards, and the clavus is bent downwards. When this is taken into account, it would be about the same size as
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<taxonomicName id="02D94D57FFECFFFBFF2AFDFBFE88FDA8" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Tillyard" box="[182,355,572,597]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Tardilly" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prosboloides">
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<emphasis id="F7ADEAC6FFECFFFBFF2AFDFBFE88FDA8" box="[182,355,572,597]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">T. prosboloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. As a result of this distortion, the pre-nodal section of CuA has been displaced anteriorly, RA2 appears up-curved, and the post-nodal section of M1+2 has been displaced posteriorly. The slightly darker areas in the photograph of
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<taxonomicName id="02D94D57FFECFFFBFEFAFD43FDF9FD60" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Tillyard" box="[358,530,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Tardilly" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prosboloides">
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<emphasis id="F7ADEAC6FFECFFFBFEFAFD43FDF9FD60" box="[358,530,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">T. prosboloides</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="5DE22A51FFECFFFBFDBEFD42FD8EFD61" box="[546,613,644,669]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[241,1347,205,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[241,1347,205,1941]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 8–11. 8, 9, Tardilly prosboloides (Tillyard), holotype, GSQ89b (Fig. 8 shows the mesonotum at lower left of tegmen); 10, 11, Tardilly dunstani (Tillyard), holotype, GSQ137a." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2595028/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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) are shadows caused by the uneven rock surface and not colour patterns, while the different colour shades in the photograph of
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<taxonomicName id="02D94D57FFECFFFBFD68FD6FFC84FD3D" box="[756,879,679,704]" class="Insecta" family="Ligavenidae" genus="Ligavena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dunstani">
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<emphasis id="F7ADEAC6FFECFFFBFD68FD6FFC84FD3D" box="[756,879,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">T. dunstani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are the result of differential iron oxide staining of the specimen.
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<bibRefCitation id="A1484B25FFECFFFBFEA0FD0AFE11FD19" author="Hamilton, K. G. A." box="[316,506,716,741]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" pagination="423 - 430" refId="ref4697" refString="Hamilton, K. G. A. (1992) Lower Cretaceous Homoptera from the Koonwarra fossil bed in Australia, with a new Superfamily and synopsis of Mesozoic Homoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 85, 423 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 85.4.423" type="journal article" year="1992">Hamilton (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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placed both species in
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<taxonomicName id="02D94D57FFECFFFBFC95FD0BFBC4FD19" authority="Hamilton, 1992" authorityName="Hamilton" authorityYear="1992" box="[777,1071,716,741]" class="Insecta" family="Ligavenidae" genus="Ligavena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="F7ADEAC6FFECFFFBFC95FD0BFC9AFD19" box="[777,881,717,740]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">Ligavena</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="A1484B25FFECFFFBFCE6FD0AFBC4FD19" author="Hamilton, K. G. A." box="[890,1071,716,741]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" pagination="423 - 430" refId="ref4697" refString="Hamilton, K. G. A. (1992) Lower Cretaceous Homoptera from the Koonwarra fossil bed in Australia, with a new Superfamily and synopsis of Mesozoic Homoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 85, 423 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 85.4.423" type="journal article" year="1992">Hamilton, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, a genus based on a Cretaceous species from
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<collectingRegion id="071DF836FFECFFFBFEB1FD29FE60FCF5" box="[301,395,751,776]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">Victoria</collectingRegion>
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. He ascribed
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<taxonomicName id="02D94D57FFECFFFBFDBEFD37FD61FCF5" authorityName="Hamilton" authorityYear="1992" box="[546,650,753,776]" class="Insecta" family="Ligavenidae" genus="Ligavena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F7ADEAC6FFECFFFBFDBEFD37FD61FCF5" box="[546,650,753,776]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">Ligavena</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to a new family,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02D94D57FFECFFFBFCD1FD29FC31FCF5" authorityName="Hamilton" authorityYear="1992" box="[845,986,751,776]" class="Insecta" family="Ligavenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ligavenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and new superfamily, Ligavenoidea, of the Cicadomorpha, although these were subsequently synonymised with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02D94D57FFECFFFBFB8AFCD2FB74FCD0" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1956" box="[1046,1183,788,813]" class="Insecta" family="Hylicellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hylicellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Hylicelloidea by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A1484B25FFECFFFBFF0BFCF1FE94FCAD" author="Shcherbakov, D. E." box="[151,383,823,848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" pagination="31 - 45" refId="ref5334" refString="Shcherbakov, D. E. (1996) Origin and evolution of the Auchenorrhyncha as shown by the fossil record. In: Schaefer, C. W. (Ed.), Studies on Hemipteran Phylogeny. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, Maryland, pp. 31 - 45." type="book chapter" year="1996">Shcherbakov (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The presence of a clear nodal line and their similarity to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02D94D57FFECFFFBFB87FCF1FB2EFCAD" authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1919" box="[1051,1221,823,848]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Mesodiphthera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7ADEAC6FFECFFFBFB87FCF1FB2EFCAD" box="[1051,1221,823,848]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="365">Mesodiphthera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, confirm that the two species belong to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02D94D57FFECFFFBFD8FFC9AFD5BFC88" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1905" box="[531,688,860,885]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tettigarctidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |