treatments-xml/data/03/BB/5A/03BB5A05EA45FFE6F2CFF5C50C92AEDD.xml

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<mods:title id="A640070FD51DFAB7B042989C15985E48">A review of Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria) from New Mexico</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C308B898EA45FFE0F2CFF5C503E4A03B" box="[1735,2014,2631,2667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA45FFE0F2CFF5C503E4A03B" blockId="18.[1735,2014,2631,2667]" box="[1735,2014,2631,2667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA45FFE0F2CFF5C503E4A03B" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1735,2014,2631,2667]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Late Campanian</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308B898EA45FFE0F1ABF50E02F9A130" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA45FFE0F1ABF50E02F9A130" blockId="18.[1344,2404,2698,3041]" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">
In the northern Rocky Mountain region, the tyrannosaurid fauna was dominated by 
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA45FFE0F2EEF5340C06A082" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1766,2108,2741,2770]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">Albertosaurus libratus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA45FFE0FC99F5340159A0AE" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
spp. during the late Campanian (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA45FFE0F397F5630C4BA0AE" author="Russell, D. A." box="[1951,2161,2785,2821]" firstAuthor="Russell" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Science Publications in Palaeontology" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" pagination="1 - 34" part="1" refId="ref18914" refString="Russell, D. A., 1970, Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada: National Museum of Natural Science Publications in Palaeontology, v. 1, p. 1 - 34." title="Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada" type="book chapter" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA45FFE0FC80F56001B0A17A" author="Horner, J. R. &amp; Varricchio, D.]. &amp; Goodwin, M." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Horner" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" pagination="59 - 61" part="258" refId="ref17611" refString="Horner, J. R., Varricchio, D.]. and Goodwin, M., 1992, Marine transgressions and the evolution of Cretaceous dinosaurs: Nature, v. 258, p. 59 - 61." title="Marine transgres- sions and the evolution of Cretaceous dinosaurs" type="book" year="1992">Horner et al., 1992</bibRefCitation>
). In New Mexico, 
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA45FFE0F2CFF48F0388A164" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1735,1970,2829,2868]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
appears to have been the resident tyrannosaurid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308B898EA45FFE6F1ABF4E6065EA959" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA45FFE6F1ABF4E6065EA959" blockId="18.[1344,2404,2698,3041]" lastBlockId="20.[226,1291,217,2655]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">
The partial skull and skeleton (
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA45FFE0F3B8F4E60CA8A1D0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2981723313" box="[1968,2194,2916,2945]" collectionCode="OMNH" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" specimenCode="OMNH 10131">OMNH 10131</materialsCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA45FFE0FCA1F4E70D29A1D0" box="[2217,2323,2917,2954]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Daspletosaurus sp. (OMNH 10131) from the upper Fruitland or Kirtland (exclusive of Naashoibito Member) formations. Left postorbital in A, lateral, B, caudal, C, medial, and D, dorsal views; frontoparietal region in E, dorsal, F, ventral, G, right lateral, and H, rostral views; partial left dentary in I, lateral, and I, medial views; left femur in K, proximal, L, rostral, M, medial, N, caudal, and O, lateral views; right femur in P, proximal, Q, rostral, R, medial, S, lateral, and T, caudal views; distal half of right tibia in U, rostral, V, medial, W, lateral, and X, caudal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373665/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" targetBox="[349,2270,320,2766]" targetPageId="6">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA45FFE0FD21F4E7015EA1E1" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Daspletosaurus sp. (ONINH 10131) from the upper Fruitland or Kirtland (exclusive of Naashoibito Member) formations. Right metatarsal H in A, rostral, D, distal, E, lateral, G, caudal, and I, medial views; right metatarsal HI in B, rostral, C, distal, F, lateral, and I JI, medial views; K, various ribs in rostral and caudal views. L-Q NMIVINH P250891, indeterminate tyrannosaurid femur from the De-na-zin Member of the Kirtland Formation in L, rostral, M, medial, N, proximal, O, caudal, P, distal, and Q, lateral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373667/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" targetBox="[339,2256,350,2803]" targetPageId="7">6A- K,</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA45FFE0F167F41301FDA1FC" box="[1391,1479,2961,2988]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionText="FIGURE 10. Tyrannosaurid skull bones. A-I, Daspletosaurus sp. (OMNH 10131), with left postorbital in A, lateral, B, dorsal, and C, caudal views; frontoparietal region in D, dorsal, E, ventral, F, right lateral, and G, left lateral views; and left dentary in H, medial and I, lateral views. I-M, Tyrannosaurus rex (NMMNH P-3698), with vomerine process of rightpalatine in], medial, and L, lateral views; and basal portion in K, medial and M, lateral views. Scale bars equal 10 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373675/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" targetBox="[227,2413,225,3029]" targetPageId="12">10A-I</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA45FFE0F1D3F4100270A1E1" box="[1499,1610,2962,2993]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionText="FIGURE 11. Comparison of tyrannosaurid femora. A-F, P-22976, right femur in A, lateral, B, medial, C, rostral, D, caudal, E, proximal, and F, distal views. G-L, P—25083, right femur in G, lateral, H, medial, I, rostral, I, caudal, K, proximal, and L, distal views. M-U, OMNH 10131, right femur in M, lateral, O, medial, Q, roslral, S, caudal, and V, proximal views; left femur in N, lateral, P, medial, R, rostral, T, caudal, and U, proximal views. Scale bar equals 10 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373679/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" targetBox="[138,2329,242,3050]" targetPageId="15">11 M-U</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA45FFE0F254F4100295A1E2" box="[1628,1711,2962,2994]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionText="FIGURE 12. Comparison of tyrannosaurid tibiae. A-E NMMNH P-25085, right tibia in A, lateral, B, medial, C, rostral, D, caudal, and E, proximal views. F-I OMNH 10131, distal end of right tibia in F, rostral, G, caudal, H, lateral, and I medial views. Scale bar equals 10 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373677/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" targetBox="[224,2404,239,2082]" targetPageId="16">12F- I</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA45FFE0F2C9F4100323A1E3" box="[1729,1817,2962,2996]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionText="FIGURE 13. Comparison of tyrannosaurid metatarsals. A-J, OMNH 10131, right metatarsal II in A, rostral, C, caudal, E, medial, G, lateral, and J, distal views; metatarsal III in B, rostral, D, caudal, F, medial, H, lateral, and I distal views. K-O, NMMNH P—25049, right metatarsus in K, rostral, L, lateral, M caudal N medial and O, distal views. Scale bars in I and J equal 5 cm, all others equal 10 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373681/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" targetBox="[150,2348,231,2615]" targetPageId="17">13A- J</figureCitation>
) described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA45FFE0FC01F41201E0A18F" author="Lehman, T. M. &amp; K. Carpenter" firstAuthor="Lehman" journalOrPublisher="Iournal of Paleontology" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" pagination="1026 - 1032" part="64" refId="ref17955" refString="Lehman, T. M. and K. Carpenter, 1990, A partial skeleton of the tyrannosaurid dinosaurAublysadan from the Upper Cretaceous of New Mexico: Iournal of Paleontology, v. 64, p. 1026 - 1032." title="A partial skeleton of the tyrannosaurid dinosaurAublysadan from the Upper Cretaceous of New Mexico" type="journal article" year="1990">Lehman and Carpenter (1990)</bibRefCitation>
was collected from either the upper Fruitland Formation or lower Kirtland Formation (Bisti, Hunter Wash, or Farmmgton Sandstone Members) as well as the partial skeleton 
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA43FFE6F4EAFEB305F5AB1E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372323" box="[226,463,305,334]" collectionCode="USNM" httpUri="http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3f04e4415-2771-49b7-8f17-41be91f6220a" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" specimenCode="USNM 365551">USNM 365551</materialsCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA43FFE6F5E2FEB0064FAB1D" box="[490,629,305,344]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionText="FIGURE 9. Tyrannosaurid fossils collected from the upper Fruitland or Kirtland (exclusive of Naashoibito Member) formations. A-F, NMMNH P- 29164, right tibia in A, medial, B, proximal, C, rostral, D, distal, E, caudal, and F, lateral views. G-H, PMU.R1235, distal end of right dentary in G, lateral, and H, medial views. I-L, USNM 365551, partial Skeleton with?left femur in I,?medial view, I, left tibia in rostral view, K, metatarsal in?rostral view, and L,?right pubis in?lateral view. M, NMMNH P-27296, right pedal phalanx (D D1, PH D1) in dorsal, ventral, medial, proximal, and lateral views. N, NMMNH P-27281, left pedal phalanx (D IV, PH III) in dorsal, ventral, distal, lateral, and proximal views. O, NMMNH P-27773, pedal phalanx (D II) in lateral and distal views. P, NMMNH P-27773, '?left pedal phalanx (D I, PH I) in?lateral, proximal,?medial, and distal views. Q, NMMNH P—22908, distal end of?left metatarsal IV in rostral,?lateral, ventral, and distal views. R, NMMNH P-22908, distal end of metatarsal III in caudal,?lateral, rostral, and distal views. S, NMMNH P-27744, distal end of pedal phalanx (D IV, PH IV) in dorsal, ventral, and distal views. T, NMMNH P-27744, distal end of pedal phalanx (D III, PH II) in dorsal, ventral, and distal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373673/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" targetBox="[365,2289,186,2643]" targetPageId="10">Fig. 9I -L</figureCitation>
). Tyrannosaurid body fossils definitely occur in the Hunter Wash Member (~75.2-74.2 Ma: 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F04FFEDC0594ABF6" author="Fassett, J. E. &amp; Steiner, M. B." firstAuthor="Fassett" journalOrPublisher="New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="239 - 247" part="48" refId="ref17262" refString="Fassett, J. E. and Steiner, M. B., 1997, Precise age of C 33 N-C 32 R magneticpolarity reversal, San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado: New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook 48, p. 239 - 247." title="Precise age of C 33 N-C 32 R magneticpolarity reversal, San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado" type="book" year="1997">Fassett and Steiner, 1997</bibRefCitation>
). These include an isolated glenoid and acromial region of a large right scapula (
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA43FFE6F6CAFE3407D6AB82" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2981723302" box="[706,1004,438,466]" collectionCode="NMMNH" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" specimenCode="NMMNH P-25073">NMMNH P-25073</materialsCitation>
; Fig. G-J), an isolated right femur (
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA43FFE6F610FE63077EABAC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2981723310" box="[536,836,481,509]" collectionCode="NMMNH" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" specimenCode="NMMNH P-22976">NMMNH P-22976</materialsCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA43FFE6F751FE6007C4A851" box="[857,1022,481,519]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[275,398,2931,2956]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Tyrannosaurid fossils collected from the Hunter Wash Member of the Kirtland Formation. A-F, NMIVINH P-27469, left premaxilla in A, medial view; left ectopterygoid in B, dorsal, and C, ventral views; right dentary in D, lateral view; and left thoracic rib in E, rostral and F caudal views G-I NMNINH 13-25073, partial left scapula in G, lateral,,, rostlal, M, distal, N, lateral, O, medial, and P, caudal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373669/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Figs. 7K-P</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA43FFE6F01BFE63004FA853" box="[1043,1141,480,515]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionText="FIGURE 11. Comparison of tyrannosaurid femora. A-F, P-22976, right femur in A, lateral, B, medial, C, rostral, D, caudal, E, proximal, and F, distal views. G-L, P—25083, right femur in G, lateral, H, medial, I, rostral, I, caudal, K, proximal, and L, distal views. M-U, OMNH 10131, right femur in M, lateral, O, medial, Q, roslral, S, caudal, and V, proximal views; left femur in N, lateral, P, medial, R, rostral, T, caudal, and U, proximal views. Scale bar equals 10 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373679/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" targetBox="[138,2329,242,3050]" targetPageId="15">11 A-F</figureCitation>
), and an incomplete skull and skeleton of a large individual (
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA43FFE6F031FD8E0578A809" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2981723331" collectionCode="NMMNH" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" specimenCode="NMMNH P-27469">NMMN H P- 27469</materialsCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA43FFE6F55FFDBA05CBA803" box="[343,497,568,605]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[275,398,2931,2956]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Tyrannosaurid fossils collected from the Hunter Wash Member of the Kirtland Formation. A-F, NMIVINH P-27469, left premaxilla in A, medial view; left ectopterygoid in B, dorsal, and C, ventral views; right dentary in D, lateral view; and left thoracic rib in E, rostral and F caudal views G-I NMNINH 13-25073, partial left scapula in G, lateral,,, rostlal, M, distal, N, lateral, O, medial, and P, caudal views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373669/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">fig. 7A-F</figureCitation>
). To our knowledge, the latter specimen is the largest late Campanian tyrannosaurid collected in western North America. Linear measurements of the dentary exceed those of the three largest 
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6F5B3FD3B069FA8B0" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[443,677,697,736]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
specimens (
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA43FFE6F77DFD38001EA886" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2981723301" box="[885,1060,698,727]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" specimenCode="CMN 8506">CMN 8506</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA43FFE6F032FD3B00C7A88A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2981723332" box="[1082,1277,697,730]" collectionCode="CMN" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" specimenCode="CMN 11594">CMN 11594</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA43FFE6F4ECFD6505F1A957" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2981723328" box="[228,459,742,775]" collectionCode="FMNH" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" specimenCode="FMNH PR308">FMNH PR308</materialsCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C690DEA8EA43FFE6F5D4FD670675A953" box="[476,591,741,771]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="20.[1334,1438,220,244]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparison of dentary measurements (mm) of cf. Daspletosaurus sp. (NMIVINH P-27469) with other large late Campanian tyrannosaurid indet. (AMNH 3963) and Daspletosaurus (CMN 8506, CMN 11594, FMNH PR308) specimens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6DBB9BEA43FFE6F13EFF5E027FAB2A" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" tableUuid="DF6DBB9BEA43FFE6F13EFF5E027FAB2A">Table 5</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA44FFE6F4B8F4550650A18C" blockId="19.[176,1427,3028,3065]" lastBlockId="20.[235,2400,2758,3040]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">FIGURE 15. Examples of tyrannosaurid phalanges. See opposite page for full caption. FIGURE 15. (Previous page). Examples of tyrannosaurid phalanges. A-D, NMMNH P-20879, left pedal phalanx (D IV, PH III) in A, dorsal, B, distal, C, proximal, and D, medial views. E-K, NMMNH P-27773,?right pedal phalanx (D H) in E, distal, F, lateral, and G, medial views; right pedal phalanx (D I, PHI) in H, distal, I, proximal, I, lateral, and K, medial views. L-P, NMMNH P—27296 right pedal phalanx (D III, PH III) in L, dorsal, M, proximal, N, medial, O, lateral, and P, ventral view. Q-U, NMMNH P-27281, left pedal phalanx (D IV, PH III) in Q, dorsal, R, distal, S, proximal, T, lateral, and U, ventral views. V-X, NMMNH P-27744 pedal phalanx in V, dorsal, W, ventral, and X, distal views; Y-Z, AA, pedal phalanx in Y, dorsal, Z, ventral, and AA, distal views. BB-CC NMMNH P-26276, manual ungual (DI, PH II) in lateral views. Scale bar is 2.5 cm in A, F, I, M, U; 1.5 cm in E; 5 cm in G, I-L, N-T, V-CC; and 2 cm in H.</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6DBB9BEA43FFE6F13EFF5E027FAB2A" ID-Table-UUID="DF6DBB9BEA43FFE6F13EFF5E027FAB2A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6DBB9BEA43FFE6F13EFF5E027FAB2A" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" targetBox="[1432,2321,439,573]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA43FFE6F13EFF5E027FAB2A" blockId="20.[1334,2396,174,378]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
TABLE 5. Comparison of dentary measurements (mm) of cf. 
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6FC87FF5B0D60AAAB" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[2191,2394,217,251]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
sp. (NMIVINH P-27469) with other large late Campanian tyrannosaurid indet. (AMNH 3963) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6F2A2FEAD0341AB00" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1706,1915,303,336]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
(CMN 8506, CMN 11594, FMNH PR308) specimens.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA43FFE6F2B3FE3B0D2BA862" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<table id="F91219B3EA43000DF190FE350D2BA86D" box="[1432,2321,439,573]" gridcols="6" gridrows="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<tr id="3522E951EA43000DF2B3FE350D33ABBD" box="[1723,2313,439,493]" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76F3802DEA43000DF2B3FE35030EABBD" box="[1723,1844,439,493]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">NMMNH P-27469</th>
<th id="76F3802DEA43000DF350FE35038FABBD" box="[1880,1973,439,493]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">AMNH 3963</th>
<th id="76F3802DEA43000DF3D3FE350C1BABBD" box="[2011,2081,439,493]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">CMN 8506</th>
<th id="76F3802DEA43000DFC40FE350CB4ABBD" box="[2120,2190,439,493]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">CMN 11594</th>
<th id="76F3802DEA43000DFCB0FE350D2BABBD" box="[2232,2321,439,493]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">FMNH PR308</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3522E951EA43000DF190FE780CB7A84A" box="[1432,2189,506,538]" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76F3802DEA43000DF190FE7802BDA84A" box="[1432,1671,506,538]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">depth at 4 th alveolus</th>
<td id="76F3802DEA43000DF2B3FE78030EA84A" box="[1723,1844,506,538]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">120.0</td>
<td id="76F3802DEA43000DF350FE78038FA84A" box="[1880,1973,506,538]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">117.2</td>
<td id="76F3802DEA43000DF3D3FE780C1BA84A" box="[2011,2081,506,538]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">114.9</td>
<td id="76F3802DEA43000DFC40FE780CB4A84A" box="[2120,2190,506,538]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">112.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3522E951EA43000DF191FD9E0D2BA86D" box="[1433,2321,540,573]" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<th id="76F3802DEA43000DF190FD9E02BDA86D" box="[1432,1671,540,573]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">depth at last alveolus</th>
<td id="76F3802DEA43000DF2B3FD9E030EA86D" box="[1723,1844,540,573]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">177.0</td>
<td id="76F3802DEA43000DF350FD9E038FA86D" box="[1880,1973,540,573]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">144_5+</td>
<td id="76F3802DEA43000DF3D3FD9E0C1BA86D" box="[2011,2081,540,573]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">171.6</td>
<td id="76F3802DEA43000DFC40FD9E0CB4A86D" box="[2120,2190,540,573]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">162.5</td>
<td id="76F3802DEA43000DFCB0FD9E0D2BA86D" box="[2232,2321,540,573]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">166.2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C308B898EA43FFE6F540FC910C92AEDD" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA43FFE6F540FC9105EBAC43" blockId="20.[226,1291,217,2655]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
An incomplete skull and skeleton of a juvenile tyrannosaurid (
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA43FFE6F5EBFCBC0731A909" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2981723326" box="[483,779,830,858]" collectionCode="NMMNH" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" specimenCode="NMMNH P-25049">NMMNH P-25049</materialsCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA43FFE6F714FCBF07BBA909" box="[796,897,829,866]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[135,258,2888,2914]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Daspletosaurus sp. nov. (NMMNH P-25049) collected from the Farrníngton Member of the Kirkland Formation Formation. A-D skull in A, righ right lateral, B, dorsal, C, ventral, D, caudal views; right scapula in E, lateral view; F-G right femur in F, rostral and G, caudal viws; H-I right tibia in H, medial and I, rostral views; J-K right fibula in J, medial and K, lateral views; L-O right metatarsus in L; rostral, M, caudal, N, lateral, and O, medial views; and P, caudal vertebral series in left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5233788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5233788/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" targetBox="[285,2204,285,2744]" targetPageId="9">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA43FFE6F79CFCBC07C0A909" box="[916,1018,828,857]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionText="FIGURE 13. Comparison of tyrannosaurid metatarsals. A-J, OMNH 10131, right metatarsal II in A, rostral, C, caudal, E, medial, G, lateral, and J, distal views; metatarsal III in B, rostral, D, caudal, F, medial, H, lateral, and I distal views. K-O, NMMNH P—25049, right metatarsus in K, rostral, L, lateral, M caudal N medial and O, distal views. Scale bars in I and J equal 5 cm, all others equal 10 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373681/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" targetBox="[150,2348,231,2615]" targetPageId="17">13K-O</figureCitation>
) recovered from the overlying unit, the Farmington Member of the Kirtland Formation (~74.2-73.5 Ma; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F652FC1407E4A9E1" author="Fassett, J. E. &amp; Steiner, M. B." box="[602,990,916,950]" firstAuthor="Fassett" journalOrPublisher="New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="239 - 247" part="48" refId="ref17262" refString="Fassett, J. E. and Steiner, M. B., 1997, Precise age of C 33 N-C 32 R magneticpolarity reversal, San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado: New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook 48, p. 239 - 247." title="Precise age of C 33 N-C 32 R magneticpolarity reversal, San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado" type="book" year="1997">Fassett and Steiner, 1997</bibRefCitation>
), represents a new species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6F5B0FC4206FAA9B6" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[440,704,960,998]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F6EEFC4200D6A98C" author="Williamson, T. E. &amp; Carr, T. D." box="[742,1260,959,993]" firstAuthor="Carr" journalOrPublisher="New Mexico Geology" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="26 - 29" part="43" refId="ref19682" refString="Williamson, T. E. and Carr, T. D., 1999, A new tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) partial skeleton from the Upper Cretaceous Kirtland Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico: New Mexico Geology, v. 43, p. 26 - 29." title="A new tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) partial skeleton from the Upper Cretaceous Kirtland Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico" type="journal article" year="1999">Carr and Williamson, 1999</bibRefCitation>
). Tyrannosaurid skeletal material from the succeeding unit, the Dena-zin Member (~73.0-73.5 Ma; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F6F1FB9A00B4AE63" author="Fassett, J. E. &amp; Steiner, M. B." box="[761,1166,1047,1080]" firstAuthor="Fassett" journalOrPublisher="New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="239 - 247" part="48" refId="ref17262" refString="Fassett, J. E. and Steiner, M. B., 1997, Precise age of C 33 N-C 32 R magneticpolarity reversal, San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado: New Mexico Geological Society, Guidebook 48, p. 239 - 247." title="Precise age of C 33 N-C 32 R magneticpolarity reversal, San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado" type="book" year="1997">Fassett and Steiner, 1997</bibRefCitation>
) of the Kirtland Formation, is represented by numerous isolated elements and partial skeletons including the dentary collected by Reeside (
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA43FFE6F4FBFB18058DAEE6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372307" box="[243,439,1178,1207]" collectionCode="USNM" httpUri="http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3fe5b01bd-0501-401c-808a-307b7f257842" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" specimenCode="USNM 8346">USNM 8346</materialsCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA43FFE6F5C2FB19065CAEE6" box="[458,614,1178,1215]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tyrannosaurid fossils collected from the De-na-zin Member of the Kirtland Formation. A-C, USNM 8346, left dentary in A, lateral, B, dorsal, and C, medial views. D-G, NMMNH P-25085, right tibia in D, rostral, E, medial, F, caudal, and G, lateral views. H-S, NIVIMNH P-27470, partial skeleton with distal end of dentary in H, lateral and I, medial views; pubic peduncle of left ilium in], lateral, K, rostral, and L, medial views; proximal caudal neural arch in M, dorsal, N, leftlateral, O, right lateral, and P, ventral views; proximal caudal Centrum in Q, dorsal, R, left lateral, and S, right lateral views. T-U, NMIVINH P-26276, manual ungual (D I) in lateral views. V-W, NMIVINH P-25071, distal right femur in V, roslral and W, caudal views. X-Z, AA-BB, NMIVINH P-27276, left metatarsal IV in X, lateral, Y, medial, Z, ventral, AA, dorsal, and BB, distal views. CC-FF, NNIMNH P-20879, left pedal phalanx (D IV, PH HI) in CC, dorsal, DD, proximal, EE, medial, and FF, distal views. GG-HH, NIVIMNH P-27287, proximal caudal vertebra in GG, right lateral and HH, left lateral views. II-JJ, NMNINH P27287, proximal caudal vertebra in II, right lateral, and JJ, left lateral views. KK, NMIMNH P-22722, proximal caudal centrum in left lateral view. LL, NMMNH 13-30014, distal caudal vertebrae in right lateral view. MM-NN, NMMNH P-28923, distal caudal vertebra in MM, left lateral, and NN, right lateral views. OO-PP, NMMNH P-12999, isolated tooth in OO, lingual, and PP, labial views. " httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373661/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" targetBox="[302,2218,208,2666]" targetPageId="3">Fig. 3A-C</figureCitation>
), isolated caudal vertebrae (
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA43FFE6F032FB18057BAEB7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2981723319" collectionCode="NMMNH" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" specimenCode="NMMNH P-30014">NMMNH P- 30014</materialsCitation>
; Fig. 3LL), the distal end of a right femur (
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA43FFE6F7D1FB4700C6AEB1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2981723309" box="[985,1276,1221,1254]" collectionCode="NMMNH" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" specimenCode="NMMNH P-25071">NMMNH 13-25071</materialsCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA43FFE6F4EDFB7005B3AF44" box="[229,393,1265,1303]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tyrannosaurid fossils collected from the De-na-zin Member of the Kirtland Formation. A-C, USNM 8346, left dentary in A, lateral, B, dorsal, and C, medial views. D-G, NMMNH P-25085, right tibia in D, rostral, E, medial, F, caudal, and G, lateral views. H-S, NIVIMNH P-27470, partial skeleton with distal end of dentary in H, lateral and I, medial views; pubic peduncle of left ilium in], lateral, K, rostral, and L, medial views; proximal caudal neural arch in M, dorsal, N, leftlateral, O, right lateral, and P, ventral views; proximal caudal Centrum in Q, dorsal, R, left lateral, and S, right lateral views. T-U, NMIVINH P-26276, manual ungual (D I) in lateral views. V-W, NMIVINH P-25071, distal right femur in V, roslral and W, caudal views. X-Z, AA-BB, NMIVINH P-27276, left metatarsal IV in X, lateral, Y, medial, Z, ventral, AA, dorsal, and BB, distal views. CC-FF, NNIMNH P-20879, left pedal phalanx (D IV, PH HI) in CC, dorsal, DD, proximal, EE, medial, and FF, distal views. GG-HH, NIVIMNH P-27287, proximal caudal vertebra in GG, right lateral and HH, left lateral views. II-JJ, NMNINH P27287, proximal caudal vertebra in II, right lateral, and JJ, left lateral views. KK, NMIMNH P-22722, proximal caudal centrum in left lateral view. LL, NMMNH 13-30014, distal caudal vertebrae in right lateral view. MM-NN, NMMNH P-28923, distal caudal vertebra in MM, left lateral, and NN, right lateral views. OO-PP, NMMNH P-12999, isolated tooth in OO, lingual, and PP, labial views. " httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373661/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" targetBox="[302,2218,208,2666]" targetPageId="3">Fig. 3V-W</figureCitation>
), an isolated right tibia (
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA43FFE6F71EFB73007AAF41" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2981723321" box="[790,1088,1265,1297]" collectionCode="NMMNH" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" specimenCode="NMMNH P-25085">NMMNH P-25085</materialsCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA43FFE6F058FB7300C5AF41" box="[1104,1279,1264,1303]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tyrannosaurid fossils collected from the De-na-zin Member of the Kirtland Formation. A-C, USNM 8346, left dentary in A, lateral, B, dorsal, and C, medial views. D-G, NMMNH P-25085, right tibia in D, rostral, E, medial, F, caudal, and G, lateral views. H-S, NIVIMNH P-27470, partial skeleton with distal end of dentary in H, lateral and I, medial views; pubic peduncle of left ilium in], lateral, K, rostral, and L, medial views; proximal caudal neural arch in M, dorsal, N, leftlateral, O, right lateral, and P, ventral views; proximal caudal Centrum in Q, dorsal, R, left lateral, and S, right lateral views. T-U, NMIVINH P-26276, manual ungual (D I) in lateral views. V-W, NMIVINH P-25071, distal right femur in V, roslral and W, caudal views. X-Z, AA-BB, NMIVINH P-27276, left metatarsal IV in X, lateral, Y, medial, Z, ventral, AA, dorsal, and BB, distal views. CC-FF, NNIMNH P-20879, left pedal phalanx (D IV, PH HI) in CC, dorsal, DD, proximal, EE, medial, and FF, distal views. GG-HH, NIVIMNH P-27287, proximal caudal vertebra in GG, right lateral and HH, left lateral views. II-JJ, NMNINH P27287, proximal caudal vertebra in II, right lateral, and JJ, left lateral views. KK, NMIMNH P-22722, proximal caudal centrum in left lateral view. LL, NMMNH 13-30014, distal caudal vertebrae in right lateral view. MM-NN, NMMNH P-28923, distal caudal vertebra in MM, left lateral, and NN, right lateral views. OO-PP, NMMNH P-12999, isolated tooth in OO, lingual, and PP, labial views. " httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373661/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" targetBox="[302,2218,208,2666]" targetPageId="3">Figs. 3D-G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA43FFE6F4EFFA9C0570AF69" box="[231,330,1310,1337]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionText="FIGURE 12. Comparison of tyrannosaurid tibiae. A-E NMMNH P-25085, right tibia in A, lateral, B, medial, C, rostral, D, caudal, and E, proximal views. F-I OMNH 10131, distal end of right tibia in F, rostral, G, caudal, H, lateral, and I medial views. Scale bar equals 10 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373677/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" targetBox="[224,2404,239,2082]" targetPageId="16">12A-E</figureCitation>
), and a partial skeleton (N 
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA43FFE6F6F2FA9F003CAF6D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2981723322" box="[762,1030,1309,1341]" collectionCode="NMMNH" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" specimenCode="NMMNH P-27470">MMNH P-27470</materialsCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA43FFE6F01FFA9F0096AF69" box="[1047,1196,1308,1346]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tyrannosaurid fossils collected from the De-na-zin Member of the Kirtland Formation. A-C, USNM 8346, left dentary in A, lateral, B, dorsal, and C, medial views. D-G, NMMNH P-25085, right tibia in D, rostral, E, medial, F, caudal, and G, lateral views. H-S, NIVIMNH P-27470, partial skeleton with distal end of dentary in H, lateral and I, medial views; pubic peduncle of left ilium in], lateral, K, rostral, and L, medial views; proximal caudal neural arch in M, dorsal, N, leftlateral, O, right lateral, and P, ventral views; proximal caudal Centrum in Q, dorsal, R, left lateral, and S, right lateral views. T-U, NMIVINH P-26276, manual ungual (D I) in lateral views. V-W, NMIVINH P-25071, distal right femur in V, roslral and W, caudal views. X-Z, AA-BB, NMIVINH P-27276, left metatarsal IV in X, lateral, Y, medial, Z, ventral, AA, dorsal, and BB, distal views. CC-FF, NNIMNH P-20879, left pedal phalanx (D IV, PH HI) in CC, dorsal, DD, proximal, EE, medial, and FF, distal views. GG-HH, NIVIMNH P-27287, proximal caudal vertebra in GG, right lateral and HH, left lateral views. II-JJ, NMNINH P27287, proximal caudal vertebra in II, right lateral, and JJ, left lateral views. KK, NMIMNH P-22722, proximal caudal centrum in left lateral view. LL, NMMNH 13-30014, distal caudal vertebrae in right lateral view. MM-NN, NMMNH P-28923, distal caudal vertebra in MM, left lateral, and NN, right lateral views. OO-PP, NMMNH P-12999, isolated tooth in OO, lingual, and PP, labial views. " httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373661/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" targetBox="[302,2218,208,2666]" targetPageId="3">Fig. 3H-S</figureCitation>
) consisting of an incomplete dentary, ilium, and caudal vertebrae. The Ringbone Formation is Campanian in age (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F06BFAF6054DAFED" author="Lawton, T. F. &amp; Basabilvazo, G. T. &amp; Hodgson, S. A. &amp; Wilson, D. A. &amp; Mack, G. H. &amp; MCIntosh, W. C. &amp; Lucas, S. G. &amp; Kietzke, K. K." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lawton" journalOrPublisher="New Mexico Geology" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="9 - 15" part="15" refId="ref18041" refString="Lawton, T. F., Basabilvazo, G. T., Hodgson, S. A., Wilson, D. A., Mack, G. H., MCIntosh, W. C., Lucas, S. G. and Kietzke, K. K., 1993, Laramide stratigraphy of the Little HatchetMountains, southwestemNewMexico: New Mexico Geology 15, p. 9 - 15." title="Laramide stratig- raphy of the Little HatchetMountains, southwestemNewMexico" type="book" year="1993">Lawton et al., 1993</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F59CFA2306F1AFED" author="Lucas, S. G. &amp; Basabilvazo, G. &amp; T. F. Lawton" box="[404,715,1440,1474]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lucas" journalOrPublisher="Cretaceous Research" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="343 - 349" part="11" refId="ref18053" refString="Lucas, S. G., Basabilvazo, G., and T. F. Lawton, 1990, Late Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Ringb one Formation, southwestern New Mexico, U. S. A.: Cretaceous Research, v. 11, p. 343 - 349. Lucas, S. G., Hunt, A. P. and Pence, R., 1988, Some Late Cretaceous reptiles form New Mexico: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Bulletin 122, p. 49 - 60." title="Late Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Ringbone Formation, southwestern New Mexico, U. S. A." type="journal article" year="1990">Lucas et al., 1990</bibRefCitation>
), and it contains indeterminate 
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6F4EEFA4E05C6AFA2" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1906" box="[230,508,1484,1522]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Tyrannosauridae</taxonomicName>
consisting of an incomplete tooth and an incomplete vertebra.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA43FFE6F541F9A700B8A275" blockId="20.[226,1291,217,2655]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
A new species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6F653F9A1077BAC19" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Carr and Williamson" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[603,833,1571,1609]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F75EF9A100C4AC6E" author="Williamson, T. E. &amp; Carr, T. D." box="[854,1278,1570,1604]" firstAuthor="Carr" journalOrPublisher="New Mexico Geology" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="26 - 29" part="43" refId="ref19682" refString="Williamson, T. E. and Carr, T. D., 1999, A new tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) partial skeleton from the Upper Cretaceous Kirtland Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico: New Mexico Geology, v. 43, p. 26 - 29." title="A new tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) partial skeleton from the Upper Cretaceous Kirtland Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico" type="journal article" year="1999">Carr and Williamson, 1999</bibRefCitation>
; in prep.) represents another distinct dinosaur taxon together with lambeosaurine hadrosaurids (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F71DF9F807C4ACC6" author="Wiman, C." box="[789,1022,1658,1692]" firstAuthor="Wiman" journalOrPublisher="Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 11" part="4" refId="ref19520" refString="Wiman, C., 1931, Parasaurolophus tubicen n. sp. aus der Kreide in New Mexico: Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis, Ser. 4, v. 7, p. 1 - 11." title="Parasaurolophus tubicen n. sp. aus der Kreide in New Mexico" type="journal article" year="1931">Wiman, 1931</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F017F9FA0634AC98" author="Sullivan, R. M. &amp; Williamson, T. E." firstAuthor="Sullivan" journalOrPublisher="New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 52" part="15" refId="ref19358" refString="Sullivan, R. M. and Williamson, T. E., 1999, A new skull of Parasaurolophus (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) from the Kirtland Formation of New Mexico and a revision of the genus: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 15, p. 1 - 52." title="A new skull of Parasaurolophus (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) from the Kirtland Formation of New Mexico and a revision of the genus" type="journal article" year="1999">Sullivan and Williamson, 1999</bibRefCitation>
), hadrosaurine hadrosaurids (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F017F92700CEAC91" author="Brown, B." box="[1055,1268,1701,1736]" firstAuthor="Brown" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="267 - 274" part="28" refId="ref16348" refString="Brown, B., 1910, The Cretaceous Ojo Alamo Beds of New Mexico with Description of the new dinosaur genus Kritosaurzzs: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, v. 28, p. 267 - 274." title="The Cretaceous Ojo Alamo Beds of New Mexico with Description of the new dinosaur genus Kritosaurzzs" type="book" year="1910">Brown, 1910</bibRefCitation>
), chasmosaurine ceratopsids (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F6B2F95207B7ACBD" author="Osborn, H. F." box="[698,909,1744,1780]" firstAuthor="Osborn" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 3" part="93" refId="ref18653" refString="Osborn, H. F., 1923, A new genus and species of Ceratopsia from New Mexico, Pentaceratops sternbergii: American Museum Novitates, v. 93, p. 1 - 3." title="A new genus and species of Ceratopsia from New Mexico, Pentaceratops sternbergii" type="journal article" year="1923">Osborn, 1923</bibRefCitation>
), pachycephalosaurids (lNilliamson and Sealey, 1999), and ankylosaurs (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F01FF97900C1AD48" author="Sullivan, R. M." box="[1047,1275,1787,1823]" firstAuthor="Sullivan" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="126 - 139" part="19" refId="ref19246" refString="Sullivan, R. M., 1999, Nodocephalosaurus kirtlaridensis, gen. et sp. nov., a new ankylosaurid dinosaur (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Kirtland Formation (upper Campanian), San Juan Basin, New Mexico: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 19, p. 126 - 139." title="Nodocephalosaurus kirtlaridensis, gen. et sp. nov., a new ankylosaurid dinosaur (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Kirtland Formation (upper Campanian), San Juan Basin, New Mexico" type="journal article" year="1999">Sullivan, 1999</bibRefCitation>
) from the late Campanian members of the Kirtland Formation of New Mexico. This distinct fauna implies that there was a northern and southern faunal province among late Campanian dinosaurs in western North America because it overlaps in time with the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta and the upper Two Medicine Formation of Montana (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F6C9F783079FA274" author="Lehman, T. M." box="[705,933,2049,2085]" firstAuthor="Lehman" journalOrPublisher="Palaeogeography, Plaeoclimatology, and Palaeoecology" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="189 - 217" part="60" refId="ref17838" refString="Lehman, T. M., 1987, Late Maastrichtian paleoenvironments and dinosaur biogeography in the Western Interior of North America: Palaeogeography, Plaeoclimatology, and Palaeoecology, v. 60, p. 189 - 217." title="Late Maastrichtian paleoenvironments and dinosaur biogeography in the Western Interior of North America" type="journal article" year="1987">Lehman, 1987</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F7B1F7810038A273" author="Lehman, T. M." box="[953,1026,2051,2083]" firstAuthor="Lehman" journalOrPublisher="Dinofest International Proceedings" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="223 - 240" refId="ref17923" refString="Lehman, T. M., 1997, Late Campanian dinosaur biogeography in the westem interior of North America: in Dinofest International Proceedings, p. 223 - 240." title="Late Campanian dinosaur biogeography in the westem interior of North America" type="journal article" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA43FFE6F01CF7800057A24C" box="[1044,1133,2050,2087]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Stratigraphic correlation of the Fruitland and Kirtland formations to the Judith River and Edmonton groups of Montana and southern Alberta, Canada." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373659/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" targetBox="[1305,2373,234,2263]" targetPageId="1">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA43FFE6F543F7AD03E2A903" blockId="20.[226,1291,217,2655]" lastBlockId="20.[1335,2398,690,1166]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
However, characterization of &quot;northern” and ” southern&quot; dinosaur faunas (sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F664F7DB076BA225" author="Lehman, T. M." box="[620,849,2137,2170]" firstAuthor="Lehman" journalOrPublisher="Iournal of Paleontology" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="494 - 508" part="70" refId="ref17878" refString="Lehman, T. M., 1996, A horned dinosaur from the El Picacho Formation of west Texas, and review of ceratopsian dinosaurs from the American southwest: Iournal of Paleontology, v. 70, p. 494 - 508." title="A horned dinosaur from the El Picacho Formation of west Texas, and review of ceratopsian dinosaurs from the American southwest" type="journal article" year="1996">Lehman, 1996</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F760F7D8078AA226" author="Lehman, T. M." box="[872,944,2138,2166]" firstAuthor="Lehman" journalOrPublisher="Dinofest International Proceedings" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="223 - 240" refId="ref17923" refString="Lehman, T. M., 1997, Late Campanian dinosaur biogeography in the westem interior of North America: in Dinofest International Proceedings, p. 223 - 240." title="Late Campanian dinosaur biogeography in the westem interior of North America" type="journal article" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
) is Weakened by the unique dinosaur faunas from the Oldman Formation (the unit that underlies the Dinosaur Park Formation) in Alberta (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F05AF732050BA2A8" author="Ryan, M. J. &amp; Russell, A. P. &amp; Getty, M. &amp; Eberth, D. A. &amp; Brinkman, D. B." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ryan" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="72 A" part="19" refId="ref18983" refString="Ryan, M. J., Russell, A. P., Getty, M., Eberth, D. A. and Brinkman, D. B., 1999, Anew centrosaurine ceratopsid from the Oldman Formation of Alberta, Canada: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 19, p. 72 A." title="Anew centrosaurine ceratopsid from the Oldman Formation of Alberta, Canada" type="journal article" year="1999">Ryan et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
) and the upper Two Medicine Formation of Montana (Horner etal., 1992). The tyrannosaurid 
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6F6EFF684007EA373" baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[743,1092,2310,2348]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">Daspletosaurus torosus</taxonomicName>
is unique to the Oldman Formation as well as a new taxon of centrosaurine ceratopsian (Currie, pers. comm., 1999; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F78AF6DD00A9A32A" author="Ryan, M. J. &amp; Russell, A. P. &amp; Getty, M. &amp; Eberth, D. A. &amp; Brinkman, D. B." box="[898,1171,2397,2437]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ryan" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="72 A" part="19" refId="ref18983" refString="Ryan, M. J., Russell, A. P., Getty, M., Eberth, D. A. and Brinkman, D. B., 1999, Anew centrosaurine ceratopsid from the Oldman Formation of Alberta, Canada: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 19, p. 72 A." title="Anew centrosaurine ceratopsid from the Oldman Formation of Alberta, Canada" type="journal article" year="1999">Ryan et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
). Also, the Two Medicine Formation dinosaur fauna is characterized by unique dinosaur species (e. g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6F70DF63407C3A38B" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Carr and Williamson" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[773,1017,2486,2523]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA43FFE6F019F63400C5A38A" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1913" box="[1041,1279,2486,2522]" class="Reptilia" family="Hadrosauridae" genus="Hypacrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypacrosaurus</taxonomicName>
, centrosaurine ceratopsians) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F6E9F660001FA3AE" author="Horner, J. R. &amp; Varricchio, D.]. &amp; Goodwin, M." box="[737,1061,2529,2563]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Horner" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="59 - 61" part="258" refId="ref17611" refString="Horner, J. R., Varricchio, D.]. and Goodwin, M., 1992, Marine transgressions and the evolution of Cretaceous dinosaurs: Nature, v. 258, p. 59 - 61." title="Marine transgres- sions and the evolution of Cretaceous dinosaurs" type="book" year="1992">Horner et al., 1992</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F048F663058AA079" author="Horner, J. R. &amp; Currie, P. J." editor="Carpenter, K. &amp; Hirsch, K. F. &amp; Horner, J. R." firstAuthor="Horner" journalOrPublisher="New York, Cam- bridge University Press" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="312 - 336" refId="ref17653" refString="Horner, J. R., and Currie, P. J., 1994, Embryonic and neonatal morphology and ontogeny of a new species of Hypacrosaurus (Ornithischia, Lambeosauridae) from Montana and Alberta; in Carpenter, K., Hirsch, K. F. and Horner, J. R., eds., Dinosaur eggs andbabies: New York, Cambridge University Press, p. 312 - 336" title="Embryonic and neonatal morphology and ontogeny of a new species of Hypacrosaurus (Ornithischia, Lambeosauridae) from Montana and Alberta" type="book" volumeTitle="Dinosaur eggs andbabies" year="1994">Horner and Currie, 1994</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA43FFE6F5CBF58F068CA07A" author="Sampson, S. D." box="[451,694,2573,2611]" firstAuthor="Sampson" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="743 - 760" part="15" refId="ref19081" refString="Sampson, S. D., 1995, Two new horned dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana; with a phylogenetic analysis of the Centrosaurinae (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae): Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 15, p. 743 - 760." title="Two new horned dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana; with a phylogenetic analysis of the Centrosaurinae (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae)" type="journal article" year="1995">Sampson, 1995</bibRefCitation>
; Carr, pers. obs.). Thus, the presence of two species-distinct faunas from chronologically successive units in southern Alberta and another distinct fauna in a chronostratigraphically consecutive horizon in northwestern Montana undermines the hypothesis of a north-south dichotomy among late Campanian dinosaur faunas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA43FFE6F195FCE00C92AEDD" blockId="20.[1335,2398,690,1166]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Alternatively, the evidence suggests that faunal turnover may have been rapid among dinosaurs or that the different faunas were ecologically or geographically specific. Unfortunately, the majority of late Campanian tyrannosaurids are collected from a narrow chronostratigraphic interval (ranging from 78 to 73 Ma) and are not all contemporaneous, preventing comparison between successions of faunas in different geographic regions.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>