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<document id="60D5135150E3E90C15E0A4622018F54B" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930903220002" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5217952" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629305173323" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Villalobos, C. De, Zanca, F. &amp; Schmidt-Rhaesa, A." docDate="2009" docId="03848647932B514577E6FCEDFD91FCF2" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.43.41-44.2579-2595.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 43 (41 - 44)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930903220002" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DE8A86AD4006EFA56F95B2AAEFBF2813.5:JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="DE8A86AD4006EFA56F95B2AAEFBF2813" docStyleName="JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Chordodes congolensis Sciacchitano 1933" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="2582" masterDocId="FFBDFE3F932851407660FFDAFF8CFFE5" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Chordodes (Gordiida: Nematomorpha) from Africa IV. Ultrastructural redescription of Chordodes congolensis Sciacchitano, 1933, Chordodes ferox Camerano, 1897, Chordodes madagascariensis (Camerano, 1893), Chordodes mobensis Sciacchitano, 1958 and reinterpretation of Chordodes maculatus Sciacchitano, 1958 and Chordodes kakandensis Sciacchitano, 1958" masterLastPageNumber="2595" masterPageNumber="2579" pageNumber="2580" updateTime="1699067918128" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="DB63BF7866F851203C37CA20EB035EB5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="A13DAB60B60BCA6266B29976CD42C5A7">
<mods:title id="589DB332F898D7612D5F0D9ACFF6DAA7">Revision of the genus Chordodes (Gordiida: Nematomorpha) from Africa IV. Ultrastructural redescription of Chordodes congolensis Sciacchitano, 1933, Chordodes ferox Camerano, 1897, Chordodes madagascariensis (Camerano, 1893), Chordodes mobensis Sciacchitano, 1958 and reinterpretation of Chordodes maculatus Sciacchitano, 1958 and Chordodes kakandensis Sciacchitano, 1958</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A85AB89979A7A92842CF0698D2D77D1E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B1AA9EE6196FA6E3C1B14EBD6485E8EA">
<mods:roleTerm id="BFE58750E70AD28C9CB5022694A03330">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C5A9072AD3D02BA71D3352E450AB3010">Villalobos, C. De</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C2EB0DC32FEB30B37ABBB98A1AF518E7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="56BF660939166020F0F8FC4AD802CF16">
<mods:roleTerm id="8EE57E1F858021D23C93D903C431637C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7E56656B7E4ED28812F788E560909F11">Zanca, F.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4373BFE46E3BC2C5FC33C6884B27A562" type="personal">
<mods:role id="ED8AC39FE23FDAF0F14C799F84246DD2">
<mods:roleTerm id="20C833DB3B553EE144BAAD9E96ADBCD4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6ED7B30E59B9BB13A5F802FF794C7A9B">Schmidt-Rhaesa, A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="19C7B3BA3B31FE0F84445D06BF37C0E4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="5DEDC60A3F48A0F6B00F2824E0DEBDD2" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="6EDDFE6E858ECA23DDB23757F78D9613">
<mods:title id="0AC0B7CE832FC544975CE135450EC4B5">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="E68502007E9144813F68B778458C136A">
<mods:date id="3CCCA39218B91E72FF77EE2ED7262A1B">2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="7884B4246DA34504E40149FF3804E117" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="4B8B7AD09DE361A1EF4F370D38C5F530">2009-10-05</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="80DD6A6EC522FB1EA1F07C7406A47991" type="volume">
<mods:number id="811CCBA87A574A4F522EDA6A5DB46736">43</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="CF72E328F7E0EA4EAF1CC37AC8FBF637" type="issue">
<mods:number id="BC262864F2B861C2F7294B70D35A0155">41 - 44</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="295E6FC5F9861AC9BD6C58D7B1909084" unit="page">
<mods:start id="85E7C129ED46BF3B94062038FAB5CB5D">2579</mods:start>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location id="117D00C364D679EB909B718D01F0249D">
<mods:url id="E9BE9CC49217921C931952E46D6C22EF">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930903220002</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="D95C3D9DC71CC5B29F9CED0EAA8AA7B1">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="CC75A93D731EC6ECAC98F5B1BD6F8C1B" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930903220002</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D002CFD6BB49F39969DAFABB2914EA5E" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A1A57235B3BFF837E34756630FDCF6F3" type="Zenodo-Dep">5217952</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03848647932B514577E6FCEDFD91FCF2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03848647932B514577E6FCEDFD91FCF2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03848647932B514577E6FCEDFD91FCF2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="2582" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">
<subSubSection id="C33764DA932B514377E6FCEDFCD5FCAA" box="[390,857,823,847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B923751932B514377E6FCEDFCD5FCAA" blockId="3.[144,857,823,911]" box="[390,857,823,847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">
<heading id="D0DA803D932B514377E6FCEDFCD5FCAA" box="[390,857,823,847]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" reason="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4CD2932B514377E6FCEDFCD5FCAA" ID-CoL="5YCJH" authority="Sciacchitano, 1933" authorityName="Sciacchitano" authorityYear="1933" box="[390,857,823,847]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="congolensis">
<emphasis id="B959EB43932B514377E6FCEDFDF3FCAA" bold="true" box="[390,639,823,847]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">Chordodes congolensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4AA0932B514374E6FCEDFCD5FCAA" author="Sciacchitano I" box="[646,857,823,847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" pagination="50 - 59" refId="ref6162" refString="Sciacchitano I. 1933. Su alcuni Gordii del Congo Belga. Rev Zool Bot Afr. 24: 50 - 59." type="journal article" year="1933">Sciacchitano, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33764DA932B51437457FC8DFD24FC8A" box="[567,680,855,879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B923751932B51437457FC8DFD24FC8A" blockId="3.[144,857,823,911]" box="[567,680,855,879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">
(
<figureCitation id="13162BD4932B5143745FFC8DFD12FC8A" box="[575,670,855,879]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[212,279,1120,1142]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,1091]" captionTargetId="figure-206@4.[212,1172,167,1091]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Holotype of Chordodes congolensis. (A) Overview of cuticle showing: simple (1), bulging (2), tubercle (3) and cluster of crowned (4) and circumcluster areoles (5); (B) detail of simple, bulging and tubercle areoles; (C) cluster of two crowned areoles with surrounding circumcluster areoles, arrow indicates thorn areole; (D) crowned areoles with long filaments along the ventral midline; (E) cuticle of female specimen (AMT 1401). Scale bars: 50 µm (A, D), 10 µm (B, E), 20 µm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5218104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5218104/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">Figure 1</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33764DA932B514376F0FCADFC9FFC6A" box="[144,787,887,911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B923751932B514376F0FCADFC9FFC6A" blockId="3.[144,857,823,911]" box="[144,787,887,911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3D107F932B514376F0FCADFC9FFC6A" box="[144,787,887,911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C1140932B514376F0FCADFD26FC6A" author="Sciacchitano I" box="[144,682,887,911]" page="52" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" year="1933">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4CD2932B514376F0FCADFD26FC6A" ID-CoL="5YCJH" authority="Sciacchitano, 1933, p. 52" authorityName="Sciacchitano" authorityPageNumber="52" authorityYear="1933" box="[144,682,887,911]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="congolensis">
<emphasis id="B959EB43932B514376F0FCADFE05FC6A" box="[144,393,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">Chordodes congolensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4AA0932B514377F0FCADFDE9FC6A" author="Sciacchitano I" box="[400,613,887,911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" pagination="50 - 59" refId="ref6162" refString="Sciacchitano I. 1933. Su alcuni Gordii del Congo Belga. Rev Zool Bot Afr. 24: 50 - 59." type="journal article" year="1933">Sciacchitano, 1933</bibRefCitation>
, p. 52
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, figure 2.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33764DA932B514576F0FC65FD91FCF2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="2582" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B923751932B514376F0FC65FF7BFC32" blockId="3.[144,247,959,983]" box="[144,247,959,983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">
<emphasis id="B959EB43932B514376F0FC65FF7BFC32" box="[144,247,959,983]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">
<typeStatus id="549689F3932B514376F0FC65FF7BFC32" box="[144,247,959,983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923751932B514376F0FC3DFE06FBFA" blockId="3.[144,1104,999,1055]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">
<materialsCitation id="3B453D0C932B514376F0FC3DFE06FBFA" collectionCode="AMT" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" location="Uele" municipality="TuKu" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" specimenCode="AMT 1406" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
One
<specimenCount id="9D2BFCD8932B514376A7FC32FF51FC1A" box="[199,221,1000,1023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33A77C1932B5143768CFC3DFD0EFC1A" box="[236,642,999,1023]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8EF2618A932B514374EEFC3DFD49FC1A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03848647932B514577E6FCEDFD91FCF2:8EF2618A932B514374EEFC3DFD49FC1A" box="[654,709,999,1023]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" municipality="TuKu" name="Uele" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">Uélé</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF6AD2B932B514374B2FC32FC9BFC1A" box="[722,791,1000,1023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">TuKu</collectingMunicipality>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4AA0932B51437547FC3DFC7BFC1A" author="Sciacchitano I" box="[807,1015,999,1023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" pagination="50 - 59" refId="ref6162" refString="Sciacchitano I. 1933. Su alcuni Gordii del Congo Belga. Rev Zool Bot Afr. 24: 50 - 59." type="journal article" year="1933">Sciacchitano 1933</bibRefCitation>
) (
<specimenCode id="DB8B9F2A932B5143726EFC3DFF4BFBFA" collectionCode="AMT" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">AMT 1406</specimenCode>
) (see comments).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923751932B514376F0FB95FEEEFB82" blockId="3.[144,354,1103,1127]" box="[144,354,1103,1127]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">
<emphasis id="B959EB43932B514376F0FB95FEEEFB82" box="[144,354,1103,1127]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923751932B514376F0FBADFB8AFB4A" blockId="3.[144,1104,1143,1199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">
<materialsCitation id="3B453D0C932B514376F0FBADFB8AFB4A" collectionCode="AMT, MNHNP" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" specimenCode="AMT 1405, AMT 1407, AMT 1401, MNHNP 86" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="holotype">
SEM of mid-body cuticle.
<typeStatus id="549689F3932B514377DCFBADFDABFB6A" box="[444,551,1143,1167]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
and 13 (
<specimenCode id="DB8B9F2A932B514374F2FBADFC9EFB6A" box="[658,786,1143,1167]" collectionCode="AMT" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">AMT 1405</specimenCode>
) (see comments), 13 (
<specimenCode id="DB8B9F2A932B5143726EFBADFF4AFB4A" collectionCode="AMT" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">AMT 1407</specimenCode>
) (see comments),
<specimenCount id="9D2BFCD8932B514377F0FB4DFE3FFB4A" box="[400,435,1175,1199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="DB8B9F2A932B514377A2FB4DFDCDFB4A" box="[450,577,1175,1199]" collectionCode="AMT" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">AMT 1401</specimenCode>
) (see comments) and
<specimenCount id="9D2BFCD8932B51437555FB4DFCD5FB4A" box="[821,857,1175,1199]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="DB8B9F2A932B51437507FB4DFC76FB4A" box="[871,1018,1175,1199]" collectionCode="MNHNP" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bmqw-2x87" name="Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">MNHNP 86</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923751932B514376F0FB05FEF5FB12" blockId="3.[144,377,1247,1271]" box="[144,377,1247,1271]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">
<emphasis id="B959EB43932B514376F0FB05FEF5FB12" box="[144,377,1247,1271]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">Additional specimens</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923751932B514376F0FAD2FE63FAFA" blockId="3.[144,495,1287,1311]" box="[144,495,1287,1311]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">
Two 33 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4AA0932B51437764FADDFE6FFAFA" author="Sciacchitano I" box="[260,483,1287,1311]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" pagination="351 - 356" refId="ref6232" refString="Sciacchitano I. 1961 a. Su alcuni Gordioidei del Congo. Rev Zool Bot Afr. 64: 351 - 356." type="journal article" year="1961">Sciacchitano 1961a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923751932B514376F0FA8AFF4AFA8D" blockId="3.[144,198,1360,1384]" box="[144,198,1360,1384]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">
<emphasis id="B959EB43932B514376F0FA8AFF4AFA8D" box="[144,198,1360,1384]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">Host</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923751932B514376F0FAADFCA1FA6A" blockId="3.[144,813,1399,1424]" box="[144,813,1399,1424]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">
Indeterminate
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4CD2932B51437756FAA2FE21FA6A" box="[310,429,1400,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Mantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B959EB43932B51437756FAA2FE09FA75" box="[310,389,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">Mantis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED3CAF94932B514377DBFAADFE71FA6A" box="[443,509,1399,1423]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">AMT</collectionCode>
1401) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4AA0932B5143742FFAADFCADFA6A" author="Sciacchitano I" box="[591,801,1399,1423]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" pagination="50 - 59" refId="ref6162" refString="Sciacchitano I. 1933. Su alcuni Gordii del Congo Belga. Rev Zool Bot Afr. 24: 50 - 59." type="journal article" year="1933">Sciacchitano 1933</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923751932B514376F0FA1AFE9CFA3D" blockId="3.[144,272,1472,1496]" box="[144,272,1472,1496]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">
<emphasis id="B959EB43932B514376F0FA1AFE9CFA3D" box="[144,272,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923751932B514476F0FA32FBB2FA36" blockId="3.[144,1104,1511,1696]" lastBlockId="4.[212,1172,1307,1492]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="2581" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">
<emphasis id="B959EB43932B514376F0FA32FF72F9E5" box="[144,254,1512,1536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">
<typeStatus id="549689F3932B514376F0FA32FF77F9E5" box="[144,251,1512,1536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Body colour dark brown, anterior tip tapering. Terminal end rounded. Cuticle contains seven areolar types: simple, bulging, tubercle, thorn,
<specimenCount id="9D2BFCD8932B514375DFF9D2FBA2F9C5" box="[959,1070,1544,1568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580" type="generic">two types</specimenCount>
of crowned areoles and circumcluster areoles (
<figureCitation id="13162BD4932B514374F6F9FDFC9FF9DA" box="[662,787,1575,1599]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[212,279,1120,1142]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,1091]" captionTargetId="figure-206@4.[212,1172,167,1091]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Holotype of Chordodes congolensis. (A) Overview of cuticle showing: simple (1), bulging (2), tubercle (3) and cluster of crowned (4) and circumcluster areoles (5); (B) detail of simple, bulging and tubercle areoles; (C) cluster of two crowned areoles with surrounding circumcluster areoles, arrow indicates thorn areole; (D) crowned areoles with long filaments along the ventral midline; (E) cuticle of female specimen (AMT 1401). Scale bars: 50 µm (A, D), 10 µm (B, E), 20 µm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5218104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5218104/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">Figure 1A</figureCitation>
). Simple areoles oval with grooves over entire surface. Bulging areoles rounded and taller (6.6 µm) than simple ones, surface smooth or with minute spines (
<figureCitation id="13162BD4932B514374F0F9BDFCA6F99A" box="[656,810,1639,1663]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[212,279,1120,1142]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,1091]" captionTargetId="figure-206@4.[212,1172,167,1091]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Holotype of Chordodes congolensis. (A) Overview of cuticle showing: simple (1), bulging (2), tubercle (3) and cluster of crowned (4) and circumcluster areoles (5); (B) detail of simple, bulging and tubercle areoles; (C) cluster of two crowned areoles with surrounding circumcluster areoles, arrow indicates thorn areole; (D) crowned areoles with long filaments along the ventral midline; (E) cuticle of female specimen (AMT 1401). Scale bars: 50 µm (A, D), 10 µm (B, E), 20 µm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5218104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5218104/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">Figure 1A–C</figureCitation>
). Tubercle areoles similar to bulging areoles with blunt tubercle on surface (
<figureCitation id="13162BD4932B514374CBF95DFCB1F97A" box="[683,829,1671,1695]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[212,279,1120,1142]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,1091]" captionTargetId="figure-206@4.[212,1172,167,1091]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Holotype of Chordodes congolensis. (A) Overview of cuticle showing: simple (1), bulging (2), tubercle (3) and cluster of crowned (4) and circumcluster areoles (5); (B) detail of simple, bulging and tubercle areoles; (C) cluster of two crowned areoles with surrounding circumcluster areoles, arrow indicates thorn areole; (D) crowned areoles with long filaments along the ventral midline; (E) cuticle of female specimen (AMT 1401). Scale bars: 50 µm (A, D), 10 µm (B, E), 20 µm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5218104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5218104/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="2580">Figure 1A, B</figureCitation>
). Thorn areoles (16.6 µm long) present near simple areoles (
<figureCitation id="13162BD4932C51447433FAC1FD4AFAD6" box="[595,710,1307,1331]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[212,279,1120,1142]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,1091]" captionTargetId="figure-206@4.[212,1172,167,1091]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Holotype of Chordodes congolensis. (A) Overview of cuticle showing: simple (1), bulging (2), tubercle (3) and cluster of crowned (4) and circumcluster areoles (5); (B) detail of simple, bulging and tubercle areoles; (C) cluster of two crowned areoles with surrounding circumcluster areoles, arrow indicates thorn areole; (D) crowned areoles with long filaments along the ventral midline; (E) cuticle of female specimen (AMT 1401). Scale bars: 50 µm (A, D), 10 µm (B, E), 20 µm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5218104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5218104/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="2581">Figure 1C</figureCitation>
). Other areolar types occur in clusters of two crowned areoles with crown of short and fine apical filaments, surrounded by 10–12 elevated areoles (the circumcluster areoles, (
<figureCitation id="13162BD4932C51447554FA81FC56FA96" box="[820,986,1371,1395]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[212,279,1120,1142]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,1091]" captionTargetId="figure-206@4.[212,1172,167,1091]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Holotype of Chordodes congolensis. (A) Overview of cuticle showing: simple (1), bulging (2), tubercle (3) and cluster of crowned (4) and circumcluster areoles (5); (B) detail of simple, bulging and tubercle areoles; (C) cluster of two crowned areoles with surrounding circumcluster areoles, arrow indicates thorn areole; (D) crowned areoles with long filaments along the ventral midline; (E) cuticle of female specimen (AMT 1401). Scale bars: 50 µm (A, D), 10 µm (B, E), 20 µm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5218104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5218104/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="2581">Figure 1A, E</figureCitation>
). Circumcluster areoles have minute bristles on apex. Interareolar groove crossed by cuticular transversal cord which appears to connect base of areoles. Another type of crowned areoles with long filaments (up to 120 µm) (
<figureCitation id="13162BD4932C514474A0FA61FCB9FA36" box="[704,821,1467,1491]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[212,279,1120,1142]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,1091]" captionTargetId="figure-206@4.[212,1172,167,1091]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Holotype of Chordodes congolensis. (A) Overview of cuticle showing: simple (1), bulging (2), tubercle (3) and cluster of crowned (4) and circumcluster areoles (5); (B) detail of simple, bulging and tubercle areoles; (C) cluster of two crowned areoles with surrounding circumcluster areoles, arrow indicates thorn areole; (D) crowned areoles with long filaments along the ventral midline; (E) cuticle of female specimen (AMT 1401). Scale bars: 50 µm (A, D), 10 µm (B, E), 20 µm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5218104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5218104/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="2581">Figure 1D</figureCitation>
) along ventral midline.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5267D9932C514476B4FBBAFBC5FB0E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5218104" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5218104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5218104/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="2581" startId="4.[212,279,1120,1142]" targetBox="[212,1172,168,1091]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B923751932C514476B4FBBAFBC5FB0E" blockId="4.[212,1172,1120,1259]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2581">
Figure 1. Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4CD2932C514477D8FBBAFD03FB93" authorityName="Sciacchitano" authorityYear="1933" box="[440,655,1120,1142]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="2581" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="congolensis">
<emphasis id="B959EB43932C514477D8FBBAFD03FB93" box="[440,655,1120,1142]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2581">Chordodes congolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (A) Overview of cuticle showing: simple (1), bulging (2), tubercle (3) and cluster of crowned (4) and circumcluster areoles (5); (B) detail of simple, bulging and tubercle areoles; (C) cluster of two crowned areoles with surrounding circumcluster areoles, arrow indicates thorn areole; (D) crowned areoles with long filaments along the ventral midline; (E) cuticle of female specimen (AMT 1401). Scale bars: 50 µm (A, D), 10 µm (B, E), 20 µm (C).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B923751932C514476B4F9D9FED8F9FE" blockId="4.[212,340,1539,1563]" box="[212,340,1539,1563]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2581">
<emphasis id="B959EB43932C514476B4F9D9FED8F9FE" box="[212,340,1539,1563]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2581">Dimensions</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923751932C514476B4F9F6FD8AF946" blockId="4.[212,1172,1579,1699]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2581">
Measurements of the specimens investigated were as follows (length in mm/diameter in mm), 61/0.5
<typeStatus id="549689F3932C5144773FF991FE4DF986" box="[351,449,1611,1635]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2581" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4AA0932C514477AFF991FD11F986" author="Sciacchitano I" box="[463,669,1611,1635]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2581" pagination="50 - 59" refId="ref6162" refString="Sciacchitano I. 1933. Su alcuni Gordii del Congo Belga. Rev Zool Bot Afr. 24: 50 - 59." type="journal article" year="1933">Sciacchitano 1933</bibRefCitation>
), 190/1.1 (
<collectionCode id="ED3CAF94932C5144756EF991FCC3F986" box="[782,847,1611,1635]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2581">AMT</collectionCode>
1401, as
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4CD2932C514475D6F991FE3FF966" authority="Sciacchitano, 1933" authorityName="Sciacchitano" authorityYear="1933" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="2581" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="B959EB43932C514475D6F991FB18F986" box="[950,1172,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="2581">C. madagascariensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4AA0932C514476B4F9B1FE3FF966" author="Sciacchitano I" box="[212,435,1643,1667]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2581" pagination="50 - 59" refId="ref6162" refString="Sciacchitano I. 1933. Su alcuni Gordii del Congo Belga. Rev Zool Bot Afr. 24: 50 - 59." type="journal article" year="1933">Sciacchitano, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), 130/2, 184/1 (
<collectionCode id="ED3CAF94932C51447415F9B1FD3BF966" box="[629,695,1643,1667]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2581">AMT</collectionCode>
30180/81,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4AA0932C51447521F9B1FBAAF966" author="Sciacchitano I" box="[833,1062,1643,1667]" pageId="4" pageNumber="2581" pagination="351 - 356" refId="ref6232" refString="Sciacchitano I. 1961 a. Su alcuni Gordioidei del Congo. Rev Zool Bot Afr. 64: 351 - 356." type="journal article" year="1961">Sciacchitano 1961a</bibRefCitation>
), 135/1.5 (
<collectionCode id="ED3CAF94932C514476BBF951FEC4F946" box="[219,328,1675,1699]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bmqw-2x87" name="Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay" pageId="4" pageNumber="2581">MNHNP</collectionCode>
86, new record).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923751932D514576F0FF7DFE8AFF5A" blockId="5.[144,262,167,191]" box="[144,262,167,191]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">
<emphasis id="B959EB43932D514576F0FF7DFE8AFF5A" box="[144,262,167,191]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923751932D514576F0FF15FEC4FDA2" blockId="5.[144,1104,207,583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4AA0932D514576F0FF15FEFAFF02" author="Sciacchitano I" box="[144,374,207,231]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582" pagination="50 - 59" refId="ref6162" refString="Sciacchitano I. 1933. Su alcuni Gordii del Congo Belga. Rev Zool Bot Afr. 24: 50 - 59." type="journal article" year="1933">Sciacchitano (1933)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4CD2932D51457795FF15FD75FF02" authorityName="Sciacchitano" authorityYear="1933" box="[501,761,207,231]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="congolensis">
<emphasis id="B959EB43932D51457795FF15FD75FF02" box="[501,761,207,231]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">Chordodes congolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<specimenCount id="9D2BFCD8932D51457523FF15FC70FF02" box="[835,1020,207,231]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED3CAF94932D5145726CFF15FBC3FF02" box="[1036,1103,207,231]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">AMT</collectionCode>
1405,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAF94932D514576B7FF35FE95FEE2" box="[215,281,239,263]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">AMT</collectionCode>
1406 and
<collectionCode id="ED3CAF94932D514577F8FF35FE56FEE2" box="[408,474,239,263]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">AMT</collectionCode>
1407) which he interpreted as females, but
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4AA0932D51457586FF35FE94FEC2" author="Sciacchitano I" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582" pagination="9 - 111" refId="ref6209" refString="Sciacchitano I. 1958. Gordioidea del Congo Belga. Ann Mus R Congo Belge Tervuren. 67: 9 - 111." type="journal article" year="1958">Sciacchitano (1958)</bibRefCitation>
recognized two of them (
<collectionCode id="ED3CAF94932D51457430FED5FD1FFEC2" box="[592,659,271,295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">AMT</collectionCode>
1405,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAF94932D51457486FED5FCA4FEC2" box="[742,808,271,295]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">AMT</collectionCode>
1407) as males (also see
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4AA0932D514576F0FEF5FE6CFEA2" author="Schmidt-Rhaesa A &amp; De Villalobos C &amp; Zanca F" box="[144,480,303,327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582" pagination="37 - 114" refId="ref6334" refString="Schmidt-Rhaesa A., De Villalobos C., Zanca F. 2008. Summary of Chordodes species (Nematomorpha, Gordiida), with a discussion of their diagnostic characters. Verh Natur Ver Hamburg. 44: 37 - 114." type="journal article" year="2008">Schmidt-Rhaesa et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
). A reinvestigation by SEM showed that the specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F33A77C1932D5145777BFE95FD77FE82" box="[283,763,335,359]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">the Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
: Kasai, Ipamu (
<collectionCode id="ED3CAF94932D514575A0FE95FB8FFE82" box="[960,1027,335,359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">AMT</collectionCode>
1407) and Flandria (
<collectionCode id="ED3CAF94932D51457759FEB5FEF0FE62" box="[313,380,367,391]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">AMT</collectionCode>
1405) had the same cuticular pattern as
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4CD2932D5145753CFEB5FBC4FE62" authorityName="Sciacchitano" authorityYear="1933" box="[860,1096,367,391]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="B959EB43932D5145753CFEB5FBC4FE62" box="[860,1096,367,391]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">C. madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, we transferred these specimens to
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4CD2932D514574A7FE55FC34FE42" authorityName="Sciacchitano" authorityYear="1933" box="[711,952,399,423]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="B959EB43932D514574A7FE55FC34FE42" box="[711,952,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">C. madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Also, after SEM investigation of the cuticle, we assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4CD2932D514574ADFE75FCFFFE22" authorityName="Sciacchitano" authorityYear="1933" box="[717,883,431,455]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="congolensis">
<emphasis id="B959EB43932D514574ADFE75FCFFFE22" box="[717,883,431,455]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">C. congolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
one indeterminate female from Baga Binari deposited in the collections of Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (
<collectionCode id="ED3CAF94932D514577C7FE35FD9BFDE2" box="[423,535,495,519]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bmqw-2x87" name="Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">MNHNP</collectionCode>
86) and
<specimenCount id="9D2BFCD8932D514574EDFE2AFC9DFDE2" box="[653,785,495,519]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
specimen from Bas-Uélé, Gwane (
<collectionCode id="ED3CAF94932D51457696FDD5FEB5FDC2" box="[246,313,527,551]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">AMT</collectionCode>
1401) that
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4AA0932D514577ACFDD5FD3AFDC2" author="Sciacchitano I" box="[460,694,527,551]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582" pagination="50 - 59" refId="ref6162" refString="Sciacchitano I. 1933. Su alcuni Gordii del Congo Belga. Rev Zool Bot Afr. 24: 50 - 59." type="journal article" year="1933">Sciacchitano (1933)</bibRefCitation>
described as
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4CD2932D51457500FDD5FBC3FDC2" authorityName="Sciacchitano" authorityYear="1933" box="[864,1103,527,551]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="B959EB43932D51457500FDD5FBC3FDC2" box="[864,1103,527,551]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">C. madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<figureCitation id="13162BD4932D514576A3FDF5FEB7FDA2" box="[195,315,559,583]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[212,279,1120,1142]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,1091]" captionTargetId="figure-206@4.[212,1172,167,1091]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Holotype of Chordodes congolensis. (A) Overview of cuticle showing: simple (1), bulging (2), tubercle (3) and cluster of crowned (4) and circumcluster areoles (5); (B) detail of simple, bulging and tubercle areoles; (C) cluster of two crowned areoles with surrounding circumcluster areoles, arrow indicates thorn areole; (D) crowned areoles with long filaments along the ventral midline; (E) cuticle of female specimen (AMT 1401). Scale bars: 50 µm (A, D), 10 µm (B, E), 20 µm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5218104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5218104/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">Figure 1E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923751932D514576F0FDADFE9AFD6A" blockId="5.[144,278,631,655]" box="[144,278,631,655]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">
<emphasis id="B959EB43932D514576F0FDADFE9AFD6A" box="[144,278,631,655]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923751932D514576F0FD45FD91FCF2" blockId="5.[144,1104,671,791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">
<collectingCountry id="F33A77C1932D514576F0FD45FD97FD52" box="[144,539,671,695]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
: Uélé, Tuku (
<specimenCount id="9D2BFCD8932D514574D1FD45FCA6FD52" box="[689,810,671,695]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED3CAF94932D51457559FD45FCF6FD52" box="[825,890,671,695]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">AMT</collectionCode>
1406;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4AA0932D514575A3FD45FF4BFD32" author="Sciacchitano I" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582" pagination="50 - 59" refId="ref6162" refString="Sciacchitano I. 1933. Su alcuni Gordii del Congo Belga. Rev Zool Bot Afr. 24: 50 - 59." type="journal article" year="1933">Sciacchitano 1933</bibRefCitation>
)), Bas Uélé, Gwane (
<specimenCount id="9D2BFCD8932D514577D4FD65FDA2FD32" box="[436,558,703,727]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED3CAF94932D5145745EFD65FDF3FD32" box="[574,639,703,727]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">AMT</collectionCode>
1401;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4AA0932D514574A8FD65FC18FD32" author="Sciacchitano I" box="[712,916,703,727]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582" pagination="50 - 59" refId="ref6162" refString="Sciacchitano I. 1933. Su alcuni Gordii del Congo Belga. Rev Zool Bot Afr. 24: 50 - 59." type="journal article" year="1933">Sciacchitano 1933</bibRefCitation>
)), Bamania (
<specimenCount id="9D2BFCD8932D51457244FD65FF5DFD12" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4AA0932D51457683FD05FE49FD12" author="Sciacchitano I" box="[227,453,735,759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582" pagination="351 - 356" refId="ref6232" refString="Sciacchitano I. 1961 a. Su alcuni Gordioidei del Congo. Rev Zool Bot Afr. 64: 351 - 356." type="journal article" year="1961">Sciacchitano 1961a</bibRefCitation>
)),
<collectingCountry id="F33A77C1932D51457787FD05FD5FFD12" box="[487,723,735,759]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">Republic of Guinea</collectingCountry>
: Baga, Binari, Nunez river (
<specimenCount id="9D2BFCD8932D51457245FD05FF57FCF2" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED3CAF94932D51457689FD25FEDAFCF2" box="[233,342,767,791]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bmqw-2x87" name="Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="2582">MNHNP</collectionCode>
86; new record)).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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