treatments-xml/data/11/0B/87/110B87C2FFE5FFB2D7BEFAC5FE56FB67.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.051.0101" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7910814" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1683579509749" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Herbert, D. G. &amp; Moussalli, A." docDate="2010" docId="110B87C2FFE5FFB2D7BEFAC5FE56FB67" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.51.1.1-132.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 51 (1)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.051.0101" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D.3:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Afrorhytida burseyae Herbert &amp; Moussalli 2010, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="ED32FFBAFF84FFD4D64DFFDCFFE7FFCB" masterDocTitle="Revision of the larger cannibal snails (Natalina s. l.) of southern Africa - Natalina s. s., Afrorhytida and Capitina (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae)" masterLastPageNumber="1" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="98" updateTime="1683603054810" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of the larger cannibal snails (Natalina s. l.) of southern Africa - Natalina s. s., Afrorhytida and Capitina (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Herbert, D. G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moussalli, A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2010-05-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>51</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>1</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.051.0101</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5733/afin.051.0101</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7910814</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFE5FFB2D7BEFAC5FE56FB67" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/110B87C2FFE5FFB2D7BEFAC5FE56FB67" lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<subSubSection box="[499,824,1305,1330]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="97.[181,1142,1305,1671]" box="[499,824,1305,1330]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<heading box="[499,824,1305,1330]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" reason="2">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="65HWM" authority="Herbert &amp; Moussalli, 2010" authorityName="Herbert &amp; Moussalli" authorityYear="2010" box="[499,757,1305,1330]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burseyae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[499,757,1305,1330]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Afrorhytida burseyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[764,824,1305,1330]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="97.[181,1142,1305,1671]" box="[505,817,1342,1367]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
<figureCitation box="[505,610,1342,1367]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[143,176,1529,1549]" captionTargetBox="[151,1096,1194,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-368@18.[151,1096,1194,1513]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 10. Spermatophores of Capitina, Afrorhytida and Natalina (all NMSA):(A) C. calcicola sp. n. (paratype, W5670/T2265), length 8.2 mm; (B) A. burseyae sp. n. (paratype, W5231/T2260), length 10.5 mm; (C) A. kraussi kraussi (W5803), length 20 mm; (D) N. cafra natalensis subsp. n. (paratype, E7682/T2375), length 16.3 mm; (E) N. quekettiana lucaris subsp. n. (paratype, W3305/T2559), length 26.5 mm; (F) N. wesseliana (V7668), length 32 mm. The head of the spermatophore is uppermost in all cases and the lengths given are for the spermatophore as if straightened out." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910838/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figs 10B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[621,672,1342,1367]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="76.[144,177,1481,1501]" captionTargetBox="[157,1093,448,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-86@76.[157,1093,448,1461]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Fig. 54. Penis and epiphallus of Afrorhytida species, cut open longitudinally to show internal structure (all NMSA): (A) A. knysnaensis, penis (W4248, Cradock); (B) A. knysnaensis, epiphallus (W4643, Somerset East); (C) A. trimeni, epiphallus (W4206, Kap R.); (D) A. burseyae sp. n., epiphallus (paratype, W5231/T2260); (E) A. kraussi kraussi, epiphallus (V6578, Wilderness). Abbreviations: d – diverticulae in epiphallus wall, dp – digit-like pilaster at end of ridge, ep – epiphallus, er – internal epiphallic ridge, ga – genital atrium, lg – longitudinal groove between well-developed folds on inner side of epiphallus, p – penis, pl – penis lumen with papillate lining, pr – penial retractor muscle, v – vagina, vd – vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910961/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">54D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[683,734,1342,1367]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="79.[181,214,1459,1479]" captionTargetBox="[179,1139,209,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-10@79.[179,1139,209,1452]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Fig. 55. Afrorhytida species, living animals (all NMSA): (A) A. knysnaensis, Fort Beaufort (W5211), shell diameter 19.0 mm; (B) A. knysnaensis, Cradock (W4248), shell diameter 22.0 mm; (C) A. knysnaensis, Kompasberg, Nieu Bethesda (W6097), shell diameter 20.4 mm; (D) A. kraussi kraussi, Featherbed Nat. Res., Knysna (W4671), shell diameter 16.8 mm; (E) A. k. kraussi, Grootvadersbosch (W5803), shell diameter 23.8 mm; (F) A. kraussi oraria subsp. n., De Hoop Nat. Res. (paratype, W3292/T2363), shell diameter 13.4 mm; (G) A. burseyae sp. n., Wedgeley farm, Kei River Valley (paratype, W5229/T2258), shell diameter 19.3 mm; (H) A. trimeni, Kap River (W4206), shell diameter 24.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910963/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">55G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[745,817,1342,1367]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="98.[144,176,740,760]" captionStartId-1="99.[181,214,1139,1159]" captionStartId-2="100.[144,177,746,766]" captionStartId-3="101.[181,214,1625,1645]" captionTargetBox-0="[136,1096,195,731]" captionTargetBox-1="[204,1117,204,1117]" captionTargetBox-2="[152,1097,203,729]" captionTargetBox-3="[263,1044,969,1617]" captionTargetId-0="figure-294@98.[136,1096,195,731]" captionTargetId-1="figure-144@99.[191,1132,187,1130]" captionTargetId-2="figure-331@100.[152,1097,203,729]" captionTargetId-3="figure-393@101.[263,1050,969,1617]" captionTargetPageId-0="98" captionTargetPageId-1="99" captionTargetPageId-2="100" captionTargetPageId-3="101" captionText-0="Fig.66. Afrorhytida burseyae sp. n.: (A–C) holotype (NMSA W5228/T2257), diameter 21.1mm; (D) Engcobo, paratype (SAMC 11289), diameter 23.8 mm; (E) Kei Pass, paratype (NMSA W5484/T2347), diameter 21.8 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 67. Afrorhytida burseyae sp. n., radula (holotype, NMSA W5228/T2257): (A) half width of radula, scale bar = 250 µm; (B) rachidian and inner lateral teeth, scale bar = 100 µm; (C) lateromarginal transition zone, scale bar = 100 µm (l – outer lateral; m – inner marginal); (D) marginal teeth [7], scale bar = 50 µm." captionText-2="Fig. 68. Afrorhytida burseyae sp. n., spermatophore (paratype, NMSA W5231/T2260): (A) in situ in dissected upper portion of vagina and lower free oviduct, (B) extracted spermatophore, total length 10.5 mm. Abbreviations: bd – bursa copulatrix duct, fo – free oviduct, m – mid-piece of spermatophore, s – spermatophore, sh – spermatophore head, sp – spines on outer surface of mid-piece, st – spermatophore tail, v – vagina." captionText-3="Fig. 69. Distribution of Afrorhytida burseyae sp. n. Triangles with a white centre indicate localities for specimens used in DNA analyses (Moussalli et al. 2009); contours at 1000 m and 1500 m." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910991" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910995" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910997" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910999" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7910991/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7910995/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7910997/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7910999/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">66–69</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="97.[181,1142,1305,1671]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Etymology: Named for Mary Bursey (now Cole), malacologist at the East London Museum who has collected much valuable land snail material and helped enormously with field logistics.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="97.[181,1142,1305,1671]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
Identification: Shell very similar to that of elevated specimens of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[925,1091,1487,1511]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
<emphasis box="[925,1091,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">A. knysnaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but with a somewhat narrower umbilicus. Differs consistently from that species in having more lateral teeth and fewer marginal teeth in the radula (
<tableCitation box="[845,934,1550,1575]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="75.[332,403,207,227]" captionText="TABLE 2. Afrorhytida species, inter-specific variation in radula formula." pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Table 2</tableCitation>
), and comprises a distinct genetic lineage within 
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Mollendorff" authorityYear="1903" box="[531,660,1583,1607]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[531,660,1583,1607]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Afrorhytida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Evidently restricted to the region encompassing the catchments of Kei and Mbashe rivers, whereas 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[822,984,1615,1639]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
<emphasis box="[822,984,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">A. knysnaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs further to the west, in the catchments of the Sundays and Great Fish rivers.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910991" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7910991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910991/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" startId="98.[144,176,740,760]" targetBox="[136,1096,195,731]" targetPageId="98" targetType="figure">
<paragraph blockId="98.[144,1104,740,808]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
Fig.66. 
<taxonomicName authority="Herbert &amp; Moussalli, 2010" authorityName="Herbert &amp; Moussalli" authorityYear="2010" box="[214,399,740,760]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burseyae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[214,399,740,760]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Afrorhytida burseyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[403,451,740,760]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: (A–C) holotype (NMSA W5228/T2257), diameter 21.1mm; (D) Engcobo, paratype (SAMC 11289), diameter 23.8 mm; (E) Kei Pass, paratype (NMSA W5484/T2347), diameter 21.8 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="98.[144,1104,861,1670]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
Description (
<figureCitation box="[290,376,861,886]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="98.[144,176,740,760]" captionTargetBox="[136,1096,195,731]" captionTargetId="figure-294@98.[136,1096,195,731]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Fig.66. Afrorhytida burseyae sp. n.: (A–C) holotype (NMSA W5228/T2257), diameter 21.1mm; (D) Engcobo, paratype (SAMC 11289), diameter 23.8 mm; (E) Kei Pass, paratype (NMSA W5484/T2347), diameter 21.8 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910991/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
): Shell subglobose, somewhat turbiniform; comprising up to 4.5 whorls, last adult whorl descending prior to aperture, but sometimes only weakly so; base glossy, apical surface less so, but still retaining some lustre when fresh. Protoconch 4.4–5.0 mm in diameter; apical portion more or less smooth, axial riblets developing during first whorl, initially weak, but strengthening toward end of whorl; protoconch/ teleoconch junction usually poorly defined. Apical surface of teleoconch sculptured by close-set axial riblets, these becoming weaker and less well defined toward end of last adult whorl and on base; traces of weak, close-set, spiral liration between axial riblets, particularly on base; aperture subcircular to roundly-ovate; outer lip slightly thickened basally though scarcely so elsewhere (but most specimens slightly subadult and lip rather thin throughout); upper part of outer lip not flattened; umbilicus narrow, its margin rather steeply curving, partially obscured by reflected upper portion of columella lip in adults.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="98.[144,1104,861,1670]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fresh specimens more or less uniformly yellow-ochre to olive-green; little difference between apical and basal surfaces; occasional very slightly darker radial bands may be present.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="98.[144,1104,861,1670]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
Dimensions: 
<typeStatus box="[316,422,1373,1398]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Holotype</typeStatus>
, diameter 
<quantity box="[533,632,1373,1398]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.11" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="21.1">21.1 mm</quantity>
, height 
<quantity box="[716,817,1373,1398]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="17.5">17.5 mm</quantity>
; largest specimen (NMSA V6634, ‘Pondoland’), diameter 
<quantity box="[501,604,1405,1430]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6399999999999997" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="26.4">26.4 mm</quantity>
; H:D of adults 0.74–0.87 (N=16).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="98.[144,1104,861,1670]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
Living animal (
<figureCitation box="[310,411,1445,1470]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="79.[181,214,1459,1479]" captionTargetBox="[179,1139,209,1452]" captionTargetId="figure-10@79.[179,1139,209,1452]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="Fig. 55. Afrorhytida species, living animals (all NMSA): (A) A. knysnaensis, Fort Beaufort (W5211), shell diameter 19.0 mm; (B) A. knysnaensis, Cradock (W4248), shell diameter 22.0 mm; (C) A. knysnaensis, Kompasberg, Nieu Bethesda (W6097), shell diameter 20.4 mm; (D) A. kraussi kraussi, Featherbed Nat. Res., Knysna (W4671), shell diameter 16.8 mm; (E) A. k. kraussi, Grootvadersbosch (W5803), shell diameter 23.8 mm; (F) A. kraussi oraria subsp. n., De Hoop Nat. Res. (paratype, W3292/T2363), shell diameter 13.4 mm; (G) A. burseyae sp. n., Wedgeley farm, Kei River Valley (paratype, W5229/T2258), shell diameter 19.3 mm; (H) A. trimeni, Kap River (W4206), shell diameter 24.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910963/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 55G</figureCitation>
): Head-foot pale apricot-orange to pale grey-brown; neck region somewhat darker brown, sometimes with a paler, dorsolateral, longitudinal stripe on each side extending backwards from optic tentacle; tentacles darker grey; sides of foot generally pale, often with a narrow orange band at pedal margin; mantle edge greyish white to apricot-orange; lung wall with limited black pigmentation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="98.[144,1104,861,1670]" lastBlockId="99.[181,1142,1261,1672]" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
Radula (
<figureCitation box="[237,320,1613,1638]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="99.[181,214,1139,1159]" captionTargetBox="[204,1117,204,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-144@99.[191,1132,187,1130]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="Fig. 67. Afrorhytida burseyae sp. n., radula (holotype, NMSA W5228/T2257): (A) half width of radula, scale bar = 250 µm; (B) rachidian and inner lateral teeth, scale bar = 100 µm; (C) lateromarginal transition zone, scale bar = 100 µm (l – outer lateral; m – inner marginal); (D) marginal teeth [7], scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910995/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
): Formula 1+(12–14)+(7–9) (N=4); length up to 
<quantity box="[866,967,1613,1638]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="15.4">15.4 mm</quantity>
, with 60–70 V-shaped rows of teeth, 4.3–4.6 rows/mm in adult. Rachidian cusp somewhat longer than its base-plate. Inner lateral teeth (1–10) differing little in size, long and slender, more or less parallel-sided, apically acuminate with the tip sometimes slightly curved outward; outermost 3 or 4 lateral teeth increasing rapidly in size and developing stout quadrate base-plate, with relatively slender, gently curved, sharply pointed cusp; penultimate lateral is the largest. Innermost marginal tooth relatively large (approx. 0.66 length of outer lateral), second marginal retaining distinct cusp but subsequent marginals vestigial.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910995" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7910995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910995/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" startId="99.[181,214,1139,1159]" targetBox="[204,1117,204,1117]" targetPageId="99" targetType="figure">
<paragraph blockId="99.[181,1142,1139,1231]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
Fig. 67. 
<taxonomicName authority="Herbert &amp; Moussalli, 2010" authorityName="Herbert &amp; Moussalli" authorityYear="2010" box="[260,454,1139,1159]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burseyae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[260,454,1139,1159]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Afrorhytida burseyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[461,513,1139,1159]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, radula (holotype, NMSA W5228/T2257): (A) half width of radula, scale bar = 250 µm; (B) rachidian and inner lateral teeth, scale bar = 100 µm; (C) lateromarginal transition zone, scale bar = 100 µm (l – outer lateral; m – inner marginal); (D) marginal teeth [7], scale bar = 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="99.[181,1142,1261,1672]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
Distal genitalia: Epiphallus approx. 75 % length of penis; thick-walled for most of its length and frequently strongly curved; lumen wall with low, indistinct ridges between which are numerous, close-set, transverse pockets, representing openings of diverticulae in epiphallus wall (
<figureCitation box="[399,505,1583,1608]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="76.[144,177,1481,1501]" captionTargetBox="[157,1093,448,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-86@76.[157,1093,448,1461]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Fig. 54. Penis and epiphallus of Afrorhytida species, cut open longitudinally to show internal structure (all NMSA): (A) A. knysnaensis, penis (W4248, Cradock); (B) A. knysnaensis, epiphallus (W4643, Somerset East); (C) A. trimeni, epiphallus (W4206, Kap R.); (D) A. burseyae sp. n., epiphallus (paratype, W5231/T2260); (E) A. kraussi kraussi, epiphallus (V6578, Wilderness). Abbreviations: d – diverticulae in epiphallus wall, dp – digit-like pilaster at end of ridge, ep – epiphallus, er – internal epiphallic ridge, ga – genital atrium, lg – longitudinal groove between well-developed folds on inner side of epiphallus, p – penis, pl – penis lumen with papillate lining, pr – penial retractor muscle, v – vagina, vd – vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910961/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Fig. 54D</figureCitation>
); these concentrated in middle two-thirds corresponding with spinose mid-piece of spermatophore; sparse toward vas deferens and junction with penis.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910997" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7910997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910997/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" startId="100.[144,177,746,766]" targetBox="[152,1097,203,729]" targetPageId="100" targetType="figure">
<paragraph blockId="100.[144,1105,746,862]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
Fig. 68. 
<taxonomicName authority="Herbert &amp; Moussalli, 2010" authorityName="Herbert &amp; Moussalli" authorityYear="2010" box="[215,403,746,766]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burseyae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[215,403,746,766]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Afrorhytida burseyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[406,454,746,766]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, spermatophore (paratype, NMSA W5231/T2260): (A) 
<emphasis box="[943,996,746,766]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">in situ</emphasis>
in dissected upper portion of vagina and lower free oviduct, (B) extracted spermatophore, total length 10.5 mm. Abbreviations: bd – bursa copulatrix duct, fo – free oviduct, m – mid-piece of spermatophore, s – spermatophore, sh – spermatophore head, sp – spines on outer surface of mid-piece, st – spermatophore tail, v – vagina.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="100.[143,1103,893,1671]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
Spermatophore (
<figureCitation box="[330,416,893,918]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="100.[144,177,746,766]" captionTargetBox="[152,1097,203,729]" captionTargetId="figure-331@100.[152,1097,203,729]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Fig. 68. Afrorhytida burseyae sp. n., spermatophore (paratype, NMSA W5231/T2260): (A) in situ in dissected upper portion of vagina and lower free oviduct, (B) extracted spermatophore, total length 10.5 mm. Abbreviations: bd – bursa copulatrix duct, fo – free oviduct, m – mid-piece of spermatophore, s – spermatophore, sh – spermatophore head, sp – spines on outer surface of mid-piece, st – spermatophore tail, v – vagina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910997/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
): Well preserved allospermatophores have been found in the female tract of 
<specimenCount box="[302,462,925,950]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
collected in early March, one per specimen. Spermatophore white to pale pink, U-shaped and of firm texture, evidently variable in size (about 
<quantity box="[1018,1102,957,982]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
and 
<quantity box="[192,294,989,1014]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" unit="mm" value="10.5">10.5 mm</quantity>
in total length); comprising three distinct regions, a bluntly acuminate head, a broader, U-shaped mid-piece and a short, recurved tail. Inner surface of bend with a deep, longitudinal depression or groove, but otherwise spermatophore lacking strong longitudinal grooves/ridges; outer surface of mid-piece bearing numerous, small, close-set, forwardly directed, spine-like projections pressed flat against its surface; spines compound (finely branched apically); tail and head piece with few spines. No obvious vent present in the tail region, but spermatophore contents visible in inner groove of mid-piece in 
<specimenCount box="[290,447,1213,1238]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="100.[143,1103,893,1671]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
Spermatophores situated in upper part of vagina, in 
<specimenCount box="[744,896,1245,1270]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
the head extended into base of free oviduct, in the other it extended into base of bursa copulatrix duct.Anterior half of mid-piece level with origin of bursa copulatrix duct and end of free oviduct, tail extending backward into lower, longitudinally ridged portion of vagina.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="100.[143,1103,893,1671]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Surprisingly the spines on the mid-piece are directed toward the head region, an orientation which might impede rather than facilitate the passage of the spermatophore within the vagina, suggesting that it is deposited in this position by the penis of the partner during copulation. Even so, this orientation would seem to hinder its release from the epiphallus into the penis. The spines, however, appear less rigid than in other species suggesting a degree of flexibility. They may serve an anchoring function, holding the spermatophore in place once deposited.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="100.[143,1103,893,1671]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-03-04" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="Kei R. &amp; D. Herbert &amp; L. Davis" country="South Africa" elevation="845" latitude="-32.28986" location="Wedgeley" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.54674" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" specimenCode="W5228" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[143,227,1603,1623]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation box="[239,357,1603,1623]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="98.[144,176,740,760]" captionTargetBox="[136,1096,195,731]" captionTargetId="figure-294@98.[136,1096,195,731]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Fig.66. Afrorhytida burseyae sp. n.: (A–C) holotype (NMSA W5228/T2257), diameter 21.1mm; (D) Engcobo, paratype (SAMC 11289), diameter 23.8 mm; (E) Kei Pass, paratype (NMSA W5484/T2347), diameter 21.8 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910991/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Figs 66A–C</figureCitation>
): 
<collectingCountry box="[372,539,1603,1623]" name="South Africa" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
: 
<emphasis box="[547,621,1603,1623]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
E. 
<collectingRegion box="[573,621,1603,1623]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Cape</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFE5FFB2D7BEFAC5FE56FB67:9C7D600FFFE0FFB0D434F99FFD34F99C" box="[633,723,1603,1623]" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.28986" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.54674" name="Wedgeley" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" stateProvince="Western Cape">Wedgeley</location>
farm, 
<collectorName box="[783,843,1603,1623]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">Kei R.</collectorName>
valley, 
<locationDeviation box="[914,1099,1603,1623]" location="Stutterheim" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">NNE of Stutterheim</locationDeviation>
, (
<geoCoordinate box="[149,255,1624,1647]" degrees="32.28986" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" precision="1" value="-32.28986">32.28986°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate box="[258,373,1624,1647]" degrees="27.54674" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" precision="1" value="27.54674">27.54674°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity box="[389,448,1627,1647]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.45" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" unit="m" value="845.0">
<elevation box="[389,448,1627,1647]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.45" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" unit="m" value="845.0">845 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, grassy bushveld, crawling at night on grass and stones beside farmhouse after rain, 
<collectorName box="[236,333,1651,1671]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">D. Herbert</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[362,442,1651,1671]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">L. Davis</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[452,540,1651,1671]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="2007-03-04">
<collectingDate box="[452,540,1651,1671]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" value="2007-03-04">4/iii/2007</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode box="[551,617,1651,1671]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[623,691,1651,1671]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="Museum">W5228</specimenCode>
/T2257).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="101.[181,1143,204,927]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-03-04" collectionCode="ELM, NMSA" collectorName="Kei R. &amp; D. Herbert &amp; L. Davis" country="South Africa" elevation="845" latitude="-32.28986" location="Wedgeley" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.54674" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" specimenCode="D15855, BMNH 20100126, W5229, W5230, W5231" specimenCount="7" stateProvince="Western Cape" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus box="[181,271,204,224]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 
<collectingCountry box="[278,442,204,224]" name="South Africa" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
: 
<emphasis box="[448,519,205,225]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
E. 
<collectingRegion box="[472,519,205,225]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Cape</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: same data as holotype (
<collectionCode box="[731,780,204,224]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">ELM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[784,858,204,224]" collectionCode="ELM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">D15855</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCount box="[865,968,204,224]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; 
<specimenCode box="[975,1138,204,224]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">BMNH 20100126</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCount box="[181,285,228,248]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; 
<collectionCode box="[292,356,228,248]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[359,427,228,248]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">W5229</specimenCode>
/T2258, 
<specimenCount box="[500,611,228,248]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
; 
<collectionCode box="[619,683,228,248]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[686,754,228,248]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">W5230</specimenCode>
/T2259, 
<specimenCount box="[827,930,228,248]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; 
<collectionCode box="[937,1001,228,248]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[1005,1071,228,248]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">W5231</specimenCode>
/T2260, 
<specimenCount box="[181,288,252,272]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation box="[303,930,250,273]" collectionCode="SAMC" country="South Africa" elevation="975" latitude="-31.66" location="Engcobo" longLatPrecision="729" longitude="28.0" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" specimenCode="A11289" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape" typeStatus="paratype">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFE5FFB2D7BEFAC5FE56FB67:9C7D600FFFE1FFB1D762FF20FE67FEDB" box="[303,384,252,272]" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.66" longLatPrecision="729" longitude="28.0" name="Engcobo" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" stateProvince="Cape">Engcobo</location>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[395,468,250,273]" degrees="31.66" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" precision="555" value="-31.66">31.66°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate box="[471,552,250,273]" degrees="28.00" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" precision="555" value="28.0">28.00°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<emphasis box="[568,589,253,273]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">ca</emphasis>
<quantity box="[595,653,252,272]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="975.0">
<elevation box="[595,653,252,272]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="975.0">975 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<collectionCode box="[664,730,252,272]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">SAMC</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[734,808,252,272]" collectionCode="SAMC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">A11289</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCount box="[817,924,252,272]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2005-11-30" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="A. Moussalli &amp; D. Stuart-Fox &amp; Bursey" country="South Africa" elevation="1210" latitude="-32.29241" location="Cathcart" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.13567" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" specimenCode="W4844" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape" typeStatus="paratype">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFE5FFB2D7BEFAC5FE56FB67:9C7D600FFFE1FFB1D5E6FF20FC1FFEDB" box="[939,1016,252,272]" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.29241" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.13567" name="Cathcart" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" stateProvince="Cape">Cathcart</location>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[1027,1138,250,273]" degrees="32.29241" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" precision="1" value="-32.29241">32.29241°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate box="[181,291,274,297]" degrees="27.13567" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" precision="1" value="27.13567">27.13567°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity box="[308,378,276,296]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="1210.0">
<elevation box="[308,378,276,296]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="1210.0">1210 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, montane grassland/bushveld, small juvenile on grass blade, 
<collectorName box="[925,1044,276,296]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">A. Moussalli</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName pageId="101" pageNumber="102">D. Stuart-Fox</collectorName>
&amp; M. 
<collectorName box="[278,343,300,320]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Bursey</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[353,451,300,320]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2005-11-30">
<collectingDate box="[353,451,300,320]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2005-11-30">30/xi/2005</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode box="[463,529,300,320]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[535,604,300,320]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">W4844</specimenCode>
/T2261, 
<specimenCount box="[679,784,300,320]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, juvenile)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2009-03-29" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="Herbert &amp; Davis &amp; Cole &amp; Fearon" country="South Africa" elevation="1440" latitude="-31.54935" location="Koos Ras Nat. Res." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="26.57283" municipality="Sterkstroom" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" specimenCode="W6712" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Cape" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingMunicipality box="[887,1000,300,320]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Sterkstroom</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFE5FFB2D7BEFAC5FE56FB67:9C7D600FFFE1FFB1D5BCFEF0FF39FE93" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.54935" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="26.57283" municipality="Sterkstroom" name="Koos Ras Nat. Res." pageId="101" pageNumber="102" stateProvince="Cape">Koos Ras Nat. Res.</location>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[234,341,322,345]" degrees="31.54935" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" precision="1" value="-31.54935">31.54935°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate box="[344,459,322,345]" degrees="26.57283" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" precision="1" value="26.57283">26.57283°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity box="[477,549,324,344]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.44" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="1440.0">
<elevation box="[477,549,324,344]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.44" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="1440.0">1440 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, rocky outcrop with trees and shrubs, buried under grass clump, 
<collectorName box="[181,252,348,368]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Herbert</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[260,315,348,368]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Davis</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[322,365,348,368]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Cole</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[390,455,348,368]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Fearon</collectorName>
, 09–005, 
<date box="[539,638,348,368]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2009-03-29">
<collectingDate box="[539,638,348,368]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2009-03-29">29/iii/2009</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode box="[648,714,348,368]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[717,785,348,368]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">W6712</specimenCode>
/T2489, 
<specimenCount box="[858,969,348,368]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
, subadult)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2005-11-23" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="A. Moussalli &amp; Stuart-Fox" country="South Africa" elevation="465" latitude="-31.92461" location="Mbashe River valley" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.45113" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" specimenCode="W5372" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Cape" typeStatus="paratype">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFE5FFB2D7BEFAC5FE56FB67:9C7D600FFFE1FFB1D263FE80FEC3FE43" country="South Africa" latitude="-31.92461" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.45113" name="Mbashe River valley" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" stateProvince="Cape">Mbashe River valley</location>
nr N2 bridge (
<geoCoordinate box="[425,531,370,393]" degrees="31.92461" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" precision="1" value="-31.92461">31.92461°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate box="[534,649,370,393]" degrees="28.45113" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" precision="1" value="28.45113">28.45113°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity box="[665,724,372,392]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="465.0">
<elevation box="[665,724,372,392]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="465.0">465 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, riverine thicket, in leaf-litter and under fallen aloes, 
<collectorName box="[235,349,396,416]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">A. Moussalli</collectorName>
&amp; D. 
<collectorName box="[400,497,396,416]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Stuart-Fox</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[504,601,396,416]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2005-11-23">
<collectingDate box="[504,601,396,416]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2005-11-23">23/xi/2005</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode box="[610,675,396,416]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[679,745,396,416]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">W5372</specimenCode>
/T2349, 
<specimenCount box="[818,930,396,416]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2005-11-23" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="A. Moussalli &amp; D. Stuart-Fox" country="South Africa" elevation="270" latitude="-32.49364" location="Kei Pass" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.99175" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" specimenCode="W5484" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape" typeStatus="paratype">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFE5FFB2D7BEFAC5FE56FB67:9C7D600FFFE1FFB1D5FDFE50FC1BFE6B" box="[944,1020,396,416]" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.49364" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.99175" name="Kei Pass" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" stateProvince="Cape">Kei Pass</location>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[1029,1138,394,417]" degrees="32.49364" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" precision="1" value="-32.49364">32.49364°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate box="[181,291,418,441]" degrees="27.99175" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" precision="1" value="27.99175">27.99175°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity box="[307,365,420,440]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="270.0">
<elevation box="[307,365,420,440]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="270.0">270 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, valley thicket, under rocks, 
<collectorName box="[616,732,420,440]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">A. Moussalli</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[758,883,420,440]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">D. Stuart-Fox</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[891,989,420,440]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2005-11-23">
<collectingDate box="[891,989,420,440]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2005-11-23">23/xi/2005</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode box="[999,1065,420,440]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[1069,1135,420,440]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">W5484</specimenCode>
/ T2347, 
<specimenCount box="[252,359,444,464]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-12-28" collectionCode="ELM" collectorName="Gonubie R. &amp; Jansen" country="South Africa" elevation="200" latitude="-32.80055" location="Slippery Drift" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.85583" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" specimenCode="D13766" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectorName box="[374,481,444,464]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Gonubie R.</collectorName>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFE5FFB2D7BEFAC5FE56FB67:9C7D600FFFE1FFB1D7A7FE60FD8FFE1B" box="[490,616,444,464]" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.80055" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.85583" name="Slippery Drift" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" stateProvince="Cape">Slippery Drift</location>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[628,735,442,465]" degrees="32.80055" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" precision="1" value="-32.80055">32.80055°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate box="[738,853,442,465]" degrees="27.85583" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" precision="1" value="27.85583">27.85583°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<emphasis box="[869,890,445,465]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">ca</emphasis>
<quantity box="[897,956,444,464]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="200.0">
<elevation box="[897,956,444,464]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectorName box="[965,1028,444,464]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Jansen</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[1037,1142,444,464]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2002-12-28">
<collectingDate box="[1037,1142,444,464]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2002-12-28">28/xii/2002</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode box="[187,236,468,488]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">ELM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[240,314,468,488]" collectionCode="ELM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">D13766</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCount box="[321,425,468,488]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-01-18" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="Nahoon &amp; Bursey" country="South Africa" county="East London area" elevation="140" latitude="-32.9153" location="Elizweni" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.818867" municipality="Nahoon Dam" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" specimenCode="W5252" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Cape" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCounty box="[438,593,468,488]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">East London area</collectingCounty>
, 
<quantity box="[600,656,468,488]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
inland, nr 
<collectingMunicipality box="[747,867,468,488]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Nahoon Dam</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFE5FFB2D7BEFAC5FE56FB67:9C7D600FFFE1FFB1D527FE08FC5EFE23" box="[874,953,468,488]" country="South Africa" county="East London area" latitude="-32.9153" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.818867" municipality="Nahoon Dam" name="Elizweni" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" stateProvince="Cape">Elizweni</location>
resort (
<geoCoordinate box="[1018,1138,466,489]" degrees="32.915297" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" precision="1" value="-32.9153">32.915297°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate box="[181,303,490,513]" degrees="27.818867" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" precision="1" value="27.818867">27.818867°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity box="[320,380,492,512]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="140.0">
<elevation box="[320,380,492,512]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="140.0">140 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, thicket on north facing slope above 
<collectorName box="[718,790,492,512]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Nahoon</collectorName>
R., in leaf-litter, M. 
<collectorName box="[980,1045,492,512]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Bursey</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[1054,1142,492,512]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2007-01-18">
<collectingDate box="[1054,1142,492,512]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2007-01-18">18/i/2007</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode box="[187,253,516,536]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[258,326,516,536]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">W5252</specimenCode>
/T2346, 
<specimenCount box="[400,516,516,536]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2006-04-18" collectionCode="ELM" collectorName="Nahoon R. &amp; M. Bursey" country="South Africa" county="East London area" elevation="140" latitude="-32.9153" location="Elizweni" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.818867" municipality="Nahoon Dam" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" specimenCode="D14971" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Cape" typeStatus="paratype">
ditto, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFE5FFB2D7BEFAC5FE56FB67:9C7D600FFFE1FFB1D40BFDD8FD70FDD3" box="[582,663,516,536]" country="South Africa" name="Elizweni" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" stateProvince="Cape">Elizweni</location>
resort, on west bank of 
<collectorName box="[876,976,516,536]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Nahoon R.</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[984,1080,516,536]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">M. Bursey</collectorName>
, 
<date pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2006-04-18">
<collectingDate pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2006-04-18">18/iv/ 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode box="[236,285,540,560]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">ELM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[290,363,540,560]" collectionCode="ELM" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">D14971</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCount box="[371,483,540,560]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-11-06" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="M. Cole &amp; C. Vernon" country="South Africa" elevation="360" latitude="-32.917" location="Berlin" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="27.583" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" specimenCode="W6004" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Cape" typeStatus="paratype">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFE5FFB2D7BEFAC5FE56FB67:9C7D600FFFE1FFB1D7BCFDC0FDCFFDFB" box="[497,552,540,560]" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.917" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="27.583" name="Berlin" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" stateProvince="Cape">Berlin</location>
<taxonomicName authority=", Mncotsho, Buffalo R." authorityName="Mncotsho, Buffalo R." box="[557,796,540,560]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Platypleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">area, Mncotsho, Buffalo R.</taxonomicName>
valley (
<geoCoordinate box="[864,946,538,561]" degrees="32.917" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" precision="55" value="-32.917">32.917°S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate box="[949,1039,538,561]" degrees="27.583" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" precision="55" value="27.583">27.583°E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<emphasis box="[1054,1075,541,561]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">ca</emphasis>
<quantity box="[1079,1137,540,560]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="360.0">
<elevation box="[1079,1137,540,560]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="360.0">360 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, grassland with scattered bushes near beacon, 
<collectorName box="[595,670,564,584]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">M. Cole</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[700,795,564,584]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">C. Vernon</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[804,902,564,584]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2007-11-06">
<collectingDate box="[804,902,564,584]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2007-11-06">06/xi/2007</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode box="[914,980,564,584]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[986,1054,564,584]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">W6004</specimenCode>
/T2348, 
<specimenCount pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="101.[181,1143,204,927]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
Other material examined: 
<materialsCitation box="[422,1138,620,641]" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="Miss Hickey" country="South Africa" elevation="1300" location="Bailey" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" specimenCode="B0097" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectingCountry box="[422,590,620,640]" name="South Africa" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
: 
<emphasis box="[599,673,621,641]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
E. 
<collectingRegion box="[625,673,621,641]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Cape</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFE5FFB2D7BEFAC5FE56FB67:9C7D600FFFE1FFB1D4E3FDB0FD0DFD4B" box="[686,746,620,640]" country="South Africa" name="Bailey" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" stateProvince="Western Cape">Bailey</location>
, 
<emphasis box="[756,777,621,641]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">ca</emphasis>
<quantity box="[784,856,620,640]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="1300.0">
<elevation box="[784,856,620,640]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectorName box="[866,982,620,640]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Miss Hickey</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[995,1061,620,640]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[1067,1131,620,640]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">B0097</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation box="[181,719,644,665]" collectingDate="1923-01" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="Miss L. Britten" country="South Africa" elevation="1300" location="Ugie" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" specimenCode="E7906" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110B87C2FFE5FFB2D7BEFAC5FE56FB67:9C7D600FFFE1FFB1D6F8FD58FF04FD53" box="[181,227,644,664]" country="South Africa" name="Ugie" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" stateProvince="Cape">Ugie</location>
, 
<emphasis box="[238,259,645,665]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">ca</emphasis>
<quantity box="[267,340,644,664]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="1300.0">
<elevation box="[267,340,644,664]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectorName box="[351,494,644,664]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Miss L. Britten</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[505,563,644,664]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1923-01">
<collectingDate box="[505,563,644,664]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1923-01">i/1923</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode box="[576,642,644,664]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[650,713,644,664]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">E7906</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; ‘ 
<materialsCitation collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="Mrs A. Filmer" country="South Africa" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" specimenCode="V6842, V6634" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape">
Pondoland’, 
<collectorName box="[855,987,644,664]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Mrs A. Filmer</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[1001,1067,644,664]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[1074,1138,644,664]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">V6842</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[181,247,668,688]" collectionCode="NMSA" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="Museum">V6634</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="101.[181,1143,204,927]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
Distribution (
<figureCitation box="[331,413,702,727]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="101.[181,214,1625,1645]" captionTargetBox="[263,1044,969,1617]" captionTargetId="figure-393@101.[263,1050,969,1617]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="Fig. 69. Distribution of Afrorhytida burseyae sp. n. Triangles with a white centre indicate localities for specimens used in DNA analyses (Moussalli et al. 2009); contours at 1000 m and 1500 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910999/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
): Endemic to E. 
<collectingRegion box="[594,655,702,727]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Cape</collectingRegion>
; recorded primarily from inland localities in the Great Kei River catchment and eastwards to the Mbashe and Mzimvubu catchments, but recorded also from smaller coastal drainage systems in the East London area (Buffalo, Nahoon and Gonubie rivers); occurs at altitudes of 
<quantity box="[755,900,798,823]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" metricValueMax="14.4" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="790.0" valueMax="1440.0" valueMin="140.0">140–1440 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="101.[181,1143,204,927]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
Habitat: Evidently favours somewhat open habitats rather than forest; recorded from a range of vegetation 
<typeStatus box="[409,468,870,895]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">types</typeStatus>
including grassy bushveld, montane shrubland and various 
<typeStatus box="[181,240,902,927]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">types</typeStatus>
of thicket; hiding under fallen aloes and in grass clumps between rocks.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910999" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7910999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910999/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" startId="101.[181,214,1625,1645]" targetBox="[263,1044,969,1617]" targetPageId="101" targetType="figure">
<paragraph blockId="101.[181,1141,1625,1670]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
Fig. 69. Distribution of 
<taxonomicName authority="Herbert &amp; Moussalli, 2010" authorityName="Herbert &amp; Moussalli" authorityYear="2010" box="[405,600,1626,1646]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burseyae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[405,600,1626,1646]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Afrorhytida burseyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[608,659,1625,1645]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Triangles with a white centre indicate localities for specimens used in DNA analyses (
<bibRefCitation author="MOUSSALLI, A. &amp; HERBERT, D. G. &amp; STUART-FOX, D." box="[591,787,1649,1670]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="167 - 182" refId="ref74422" refString="MOUSSALLI, A., HERBERT, D. G. &amp; STUART-FOX, D. 2009. A phylogeny of the cannibal snails of southern Africa, genus Natalina sensu lato (Pulmonata: Rhytididae): assessing concordance between morphology and molecular data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52 (1): 167 - 182." type="journal article" year="2009">
Moussalli 
<emphasis box="[687,734,1650,1670]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
); contours at 1000 m and 1500 m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="102.[144,1104,206,1196]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
Notes: This species was initially thought to represent 
<taxonomicName authority="(Melvill &amp; Ponsonby, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eumacta">
<emphasis box="[767,970,206,230]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Natalina eumacta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="MELVILL, J. C. &amp; PONSONBY, J. H." pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="237 - 242" refId="ref74076" refString="MELVILL, J. C. &amp; PONSONBY, J. H. 1892. Descriptions of thirteen new species of terrestrial and freshwater Mollusca from South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 10: 237 - 242." type="journal article" year="1892">Melvill &amp; Ponsonby, 1892</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. However, examination of the 
<typeStatus box="[720,821,238,263]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">holotype</typeStatus>
of that species BMNH (1905.1.26.2, 
<figureCitation box="[299,437,270,295]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[143,176,1580,1600]" captionTargetBox="[141,1101,1109,1574]" captionTargetId="figure-345@38.[141,1101,1109,1587]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 24. Natalina cafra eumacta (Melvill &amp; Ponsonby, 1892): (A–C) lectotype (juvenile) of Helix (Aerope) eumacta Melvill &amp; Ponsonby, 1892 (BMNH 1905.1.26.2), diameter 30.3 mm; (D) juvenile, Holme Park farm, Komga District (NMSA W5990), diameter 36.6 mm; (E–G) adult, Dwesa Nat. Res. (NMSA V7868), diameter 51.8 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910878/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Figs 24A–C</figureCitation>
) shows it to be considerably larger (diameter 
<quantity box="[942,1042,270,295]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.03" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="30.3">30.3 mm</quantity>
) than any specimens of the present species. In addition it is not as globose, has a larger protoconch and lacks any thickening of the aperture lip.We consider that 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[866,989,334,358]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eumacta">
<emphasis box="[866,989,334,358]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">N. eumacta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
represents the eastern coastal subspecies of 
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Bruggen" authorityYear="2004" box="[513,677,366,390]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Natalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cafra">
<emphasis box="[513,677,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Natalina cafra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="102.[144,1104,206,1196]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
The shell of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herbert &amp; Moussalli" authorityYear="2010" box="[315,555,398,422]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burseyae">
<emphasis box="[315,555,398,422]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Afrorhytida burseyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
closely resembles that of elevated specimens of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[144,313,430,454]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
<emphasis box="[144,313,430,454]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">A. knysnaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
such as occur in the Greater Fish River Conservancy, and indeed it cannot be reliably distinguished from such specimens on shell features alone.Although few specimens have been observed alive, the head-foot colour of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herbert &amp; Moussalli" authorityYear="2010" box="[912,1048,494,518]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burseyae">
<emphasis box="[912,1048,494,518]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">A. burseyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also resembles that of some specimens of the variably coloured 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[813,979,526,550]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
<emphasis box="[813,979,526,550]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">A. knysnaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, given this variability in the latter species, body colour also seems unlikely to prove useful for species discrimination. However, the radula of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herbert &amp; Moussalli" authorityYear="2010" box="[673,806,590,614]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burseyae">
<emphasis box="[673,806,590,614]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">A. burseyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs markedly and consistently from that of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[390,557,622,646]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="knysnaensis">
<emphasis box="[390,557,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">A. knysnaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having many fewer marginal teeth and in the penultimate rather than the outmost lateral being largest. In these features it resembles 
<taxonomicName box="[144,254,686,710]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="trimeni">
<emphasis box="[144,254,686,710]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">A. trimeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from which it differs conchologically in having a considerably more globose, yellowish green rather than brown shell, with weaker axial sculpture and a much narrower umbilicus. Molecular data confirms that 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herbert &amp; Moussalli" authorityYear="2010" box="[585,714,750,774]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burseyae">
<emphasis box="[585,714,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">A. burseyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
constitutes a distinct lineage within the 
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Mollendorff" authorityYear="1903" box="[184,314,782,806]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[184,314,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Afrorhytida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
radiation, though its relationships to the other species are not resolved (
<bibRefCitation author="MOUSSALLI, A. &amp; HERBERT, D. G. &amp; STUART-FOX, D." box="[151,394,814,839]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="167 - 182" refId="ref74422" refString="MOUSSALLI, A., HERBERT, D. G. &amp; STUART-FOX, D. 2009. A phylogeny of the cannibal snails of southern Africa, genus Natalina sensu lato (Pulmonata: Rhytididae): assessing concordance between morphology and molecular data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52 (1): 167 - 182." type="journal article" year="2009">
Moussalli 
<emphasis box="[271,327,814,838]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
). Its radula morphology suggests that it is perhaps most closely related to 
<taxonomicName box="[256,369,846,870]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="trimeni">
<emphasis box="[256,369,846,870]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">A. trimeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas its epiphallus morphology is closer to that of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[991,1104,846,870]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kraussi">
<emphasis box="[991,1104,846,870]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">A. kraussi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[152,237,878,903]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="76.[144,177,1481,1501]" captionTargetBox="[157,1093,448,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-86@76.[157,1093,448,1461]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Fig. 54. Penis and epiphallus of Afrorhytida species, cut open longitudinally to show internal structure (all NMSA): (A) A. knysnaensis, penis (W4248, Cradock); (B) A. knysnaensis, epiphallus (W4643, Somerset East); (C) A. trimeni, epiphallus (W4206, Kap R.); (D) A. burseyae sp. n., epiphallus (paratype, W5231/T2260); (E) A. kraussi kraussi, epiphallus (V6578, Wilderness). Abbreviations: d – diverticulae in epiphallus wall, dp – digit-like pilaster at end of ridge, ep – epiphallus, er – internal epiphallic ridge, ga – genital atrium, lg – longitudinal groove between well-developed folds on inner side of epiphallus, p – penis, pl – penis lumen with papillate lining, pr – penial retractor muscle, v – vagina, vd – vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7910961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7910961/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="102.[144,1104,206,1196]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
Conservation: Although few specimens of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herbert &amp; Moussalli" authorityYear="2010" box="[615,850,916,940]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burseyae">
<emphasis box="[615,850,916,940]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Afrorhytida burseyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are available, it occurs in a very poorly sampled area and it may not be scarce where conditions are favourable. Its known extent of occurrence is considerable (approx. 
<quantity box="[776,897,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" unit="km" value="15000.0">15,000 km</quantity>
<superScript attach="left" box="[896,904,978,992]" fontSize="6" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">2</superScript>
) and given that it favours open habitats, its area of occupancy is not likely to be particularly limited or fragmented. Thus despite being a newly discovered taxon, it seems unlikely that 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herbert &amp; Moussalli" authorityYear="2010" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burseyae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">A. burseyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is threatened at present. In the long term, however, the continued transformation of natural habitats, associated with agricultural expansion, represents a potential threat, particularly so since the distribution of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herbert &amp; Moussalli" authorityYear="2010" box="[580,711,1140,1164]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Afrorhytida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burseyae">
<emphasis box="[580,711,1140,1164]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">A. burseyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently includes very few, if any, formally conserved areas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>