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<document id="0251A336D57578198CF78DECE8881ED1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.275181" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9e1db1fd-9700-47e2-9074-b995f2180821" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="275181" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461108449825" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rhodin, Anders G. J. &amp; Carr, John L." docDate="2009" docId="03C0A40BFF91FFE089FCDF5F58A3DBC8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02226p018.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2226" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Testudo scripta Thunberg" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFF9DC73FF9AFFEB896BDE20584DDE4B" masterDocTitle="A quarter millenium of uses and misuses of the turtle name Testudo scabra: Identification of the type specimens of T. scabra Linnaeus 1758 (= Rhinoclemmys punctularia) and T. scripta Thunberg in Schoepff 1792 (= Trachemys scripta scripta)" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698593903055" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="485B2C13253DD20A23ECA6BB7CC952E2">A quarter millenium of uses and misuses of the turtle name Testudo scabra: Identification of the type specimens of T. scabra Linnaeus 1758 (= Rhinoclemmys punctularia) and T. scripta Thunberg in Schoepff 1792 (= Trachemys scripta scripta)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AF8AAAC2F9AD0153D2819E350CA9BEA9">Rhodin, Anders G. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="657E80048B26AE81461C2E853742D28C">Carr, John L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="42DDC29603BE26FC8A45B73D2BD21EE3">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C0A40BFF91FFE089FCDF5F58A3DBC8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6222638" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119623857" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6222638" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C0A40BFF91FFE089FCDF5F58A3DBC8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C0A40BFF91FFE089FCDF5F58A3DBC8" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<subSubSection id="C3734696FF91FFE089FCDF5F5AADDD74" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD6151DFF91FFE089FCDF5F5AEADFD2" blockId="11.[151,679,383,409]" box="[151,679,383,409]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="D09EA271FF91FFE089FCDF5F5AEADFD2" bold="true" box="[151,679,383,409]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE089FCDF5F5AEADFD2" bold="true" box="[151,679,383,409]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE089FCDF5F599CDFD2" authority="Thunberg" authorityName="Thunberg" box="[151,465,383,409]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scripta">
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE089FCDF5F5900DFD2" bold="true" box="[151,333,383,409]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Testudo scripta</emphasis>
Thunberg
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE088B3DF5F59BCDFD2" bold="true" box="[472,497,383,409]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">in</emphasis>
Schoepff 1792
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6151DFF91FFE089FCDFE95AADDD74" blockId="11.[151,1437,457,1411]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
The specimen of “
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE0881BDFE95AD3DFA8" authority="Thunberg" authorityName="Thunberg" box="[368,670,457,483]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabra">
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE0881BDFE95A6FDFA9" box="[368,546,457,482]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Testudo scabra</emphasis>
Thunberg
</taxonomicName>
” (labeled “
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE08A48DFE95C1FDFA8" authority="Thunberg" authorityName="Thunberg" box="[803,1106,457,483]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scripta">
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE08A48DFE95B98DFA9" box="[803,981,457,482]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Testudo scripta</emphasis>
Thunberg
</taxonomicName>
” on the plate) that Schoepff (1792) used as the basis for the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE08BD7DFD05B3CDC42" box="[700,881,496,521]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scripta">
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE08BD7DFD05B3CDC42" box="[700,881,496,521]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Testudo scripta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE08AF0DFD05C83DC42" box="[923,1230,496,521]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Trachemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="scripta" subSpecies="scripta">
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE08AF0DFD05C83DC42" box="[923,1230,496,521]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Trachemys scripta scripta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is present in the Thunbergian collection in Uppsala (
<figureCitation id="13520998FF91FFE08B51DC365ACCDC7B" box="[570,641,534,560]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1527,1551]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,197,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[157,1431,197,1503]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Type specimen (holotype) of Testudo scripta Thunberg in Schoepff 1792, donated by Thunberg between ca. 1785 92 to the Uppsala University Museum of Zoology (now catalogued as UUZM Types 7455), dried hatchling, ca. 31 mm straight CL. The original tag by Thunberg reads “ Testudo scripta. Mus. Thunb. ” This specimen represents Trachemys scripta scripta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275186/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). It is the only specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE08AA8DC375C38DC7B" box="[963,1141,535,560]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scripta">
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE08AA8DC375C38DC7B" box="[963,1141,535,560]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Testudo scripta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the collection and was accessioned by Thunberg himself, who recorded it in various versions of his museum catalogues. This specimen is the
<typeStatus id="54D2ABBFFF91FFE08831DC44598EDC35" box="[346,451,612,638]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE08886DC445B65DC36" box="[493,808,612,637]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Trachemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="scripta" subSpecies="scripta">
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE08886DC445B65DC36" box="[493,808,612,637]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Trachemys scripta scripta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and has never previously been located or identified (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF91FFE089F4DCAA590BDCEF" author="Iverson" box="[159,326,650,676]" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" refString="Iverson, J. B. (1992) A Revised Checklist with Distribution Maps of the Turtles of the World. Richmond, IN: Privately printed, xiii + 363 pp." type="book" year="1992">Iverson 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF91FFE08838DCAA5A25DCEF" author="Seidel" box="[339,616,650,676]" pageId="11" pageNumber="17" refString="Seidel, M. E. &amp; Ernst, C. H. (2006) Trachemys scripta. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 831, 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="2006">Seidel and Ernst 2006</bibRefCitation>
). Interestingly,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF91FFE08A4DDCAA5C0BDCEF" author="Schweigger" box="[806,1094,650,676]" pageId="11" pageNumber="17" refString="Schweigger, A. F. (1812) Prodromus monographiae Cheloniorum. Konigsberger Archiv fur Naturwissenschaft und Mathematik, 1, (3), 271 - 368; (4), 406 - 462." type="journal article" year="1812">Schweigger (1812:297)</bibRefCitation>
later wrote about
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE08C43DCAA5948DC80" authority="Schoepff" authorityName="Schoepff" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Trachemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scripta">
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE08C43DCAA5DD7DCE8" box="[1320,1434,650,675]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. scripta</emphasis>
Schoepff
</taxonomicName>
: “
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE08876DC915BD6DC81" box="[285,923,689,714]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Vidi specimen, quo usus Schoepf., in museo Parisiensi</emphasis>
” (I saw the specimen, used by Schoepff, in the Paris Museum), but that was never confirmed, and it is not there (R. Bour,
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE08D2EDCF85C82DCBA" box="[1093,1231,728,753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">pers. comm</emphasis>
.). Instead, it was part of the Thunberg donation to the collections in Uppsala. Since Schweigger visited both collections, he may have meant “
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE0885ADD0559E3DD75" box="[305,430,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Upsaliensi</emphasis>
” rather than “
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE08B3EDD055A81DD75" box="[597,716,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Parisiensi</emphasis>
.”
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3734696FF91FFE089AEDD6C58A3DBC8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD6151DFF91FFE089AEDD6C5A8DDA89" blockId="11.[151,1437,457,1411]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
The specimen is a small, dried, misshapen hatchling labeled “
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE08AF5DD6C5CBEDD2D" authority="Mus. Thunb." authorityName="Mus. Thunb." box="[926,1267,844,870]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scripta">
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE08AF5DD6C5C1FDD2E" box="[926,1106,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Testudo scripta</emphasis>
Mus. Thunb.
</taxonomicName>
” by Thunberg himself (
<figureCitation id="13520998FF91FFE0886ADD525904DDC7" box="[257,329,882,908]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1527,1551]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,197,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[157,1431,197,1503]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Type specimen (holotype) of Testudo scripta Thunberg in Schoepff 1792, donated by Thunberg between ca. 1785 92 to the Uppsala University Museum of Zoology (now catalogued as UUZM Types 7455), dried hatchling, ca. 31 mm straight CL. The original tag by Thunberg reads “ Testudo scripta. Mus. Thunb. ” This specimen represents Trachemys scripta scripta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275186/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) and is the only
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE08B7FDD525AC8DDC0" box="[532,645,882,907]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scripta">
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE08B7FDD525AC8DDC0" box="[532,645,882,907]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. scripta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the entire Linnaean and Thunbergian collections in Uppsala. It measures approximately 31.0 mm straight CL, ca. 30.3 mm PL, and 9.2 mm tympanic head width, and has a trace of its hatchling egg caruncle still visible. It was never given an original accession number, but has now been catalogued as UUZM
<typeStatus id="54D2ABBFFF91FFE0888EDDC65A61DA4B" box="[485,556,998,1024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Types</typeStatus>
7455. It was accessioned into the Uppsala collection sometime between
<date id="FFD733DDFF91FFE089FCDA2D5906DA6C" box="[151,331,1037,1063]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1785" valueMax="1792">1785 and 1792</date>
, but not with the first group of Thunberg specimens in 1785, being added to the catalogue as “
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE089CFDA14592DDA06" box="[164,352,1076,1101]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scripta">
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE089CFDA14592DDA06" box="[164,352,1076,1101]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Testudo scripta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” after the initial entries (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF91FFE08BF3DA145B1BDA05" author="Thunberg" box="[664,854,1076,1102]" pageId="11" pageNumber="17" refString="Thunberg, C. P. (1785 - 1817) Donat. Animal. Thunberg. Animalia. 1. Mammalia, 2. Aves, 3. Amphibia, 4. Pisces, 5. Insecta, 6. Vermes, donata a Car. Pet. Thunberg 1785 - 1817. 8. Donatio 1785 seqqv. Caroli Petri Thunberg. Uppsala: Handwritten Catalogue at Uppsala University Zoological Museum, 180 pp." type="book" year="1785">
Thunberg
<date id="FFD733DDFF91FFE08A72DA145B1BDA05" box="[793,854,1076,1102]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1785" valueMax="1817">1785</date>
</bibRefCitation>
1817,
<date id="FFD733DDFF91FFE08AD9DA145C0CDA05" box="[946,1089,1076,1102]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1808" valueMax="1815">18081815</date>
). Aside from entries for this single specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE08814DA7B59A2DA3F" box="[383,495,1115,1140]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scripta">
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE08814DA7B59A2DA3F" box="[383,495,1115,1140]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. scripta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Thunberg in various other handwritten museum catalogues, the only actual publication documenting its existence was in
<bibRefCitation id="EFF868ECFF91FFE08BBDDAA15BE7DAD0" author="Thunberg" box="[726,938,1153,1179]" pageId="11" pageNumber="17" refString="Thunberg, C. P. (1818) Museum Naturalium Academiae Upsaliensis. Append. XXIV ... proponit Olavus Sjostrand." type="book" year="1818">Thunberg (1818)</bibRefCitation>
where it was listed as being part of the Thunberg donations to the Uppsala collections.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6151DFF91FFE089AEDAEE58A3DBC8" blockId="11.[151,1437,457,1411]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Based on examination of the poorly-preserved
<typeStatus id="54D2ABBFFF91FFE08A69DAEE5B21DAA3" box="[770,876,1230,1256]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and its photos (
<figureCitation id="13520998FF91FFE08D5BDAEE5C37DAA3" box="[1072,1146,1230,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1527,1551]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,197,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[157,1431,197,1503]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Type specimen (holotype) of Testudo scripta Thunberg in Schoepff 1792, donated by Thunberg between ca. 1785 92 to the Uppsala University Museum of Zoology (now catalogued as UUZM Types 7455), dried hatchling, ca. 31 mm straight CL. The original tag by Thunberg reads “ Testudo scripta. Mus. Thunb. ” This specimen represents Trachemys scripta scripta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275186/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) and examination of its original figure (Schoepff 1792: pl. 3, f. 4, 5, labeled “
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE08A64DAD55BD3DB45" box="[783,926,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Test.
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE08A27DAD55BD3DB45" authority="Thunb." authorityName="Thunb." box="[844,926,1269,1294]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scripta">scripta</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Thunb.”) (
<figureCitation id="13520998FF91FFE08D4ADAD55C24DB44" box="[1057,1129,1269,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,257,748,772]" captionTargetBox="[344,1233,184,740]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[326,1242,178,741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Illustration from Schoepff (1792: pl. 3, figs. 4 5), showing the holotype of Testudo scripta Thunberg in Schoepff 1792 (also Testudo scabra L. sensu Thunberg in Schoepff) (presently Trachemys scripta scripta). On the plate these figures are labeled “ Test. scripta Thunb. ” and the specimen is clearly a hatchling. The specimen itself was originally catalogued as Testudo scripta by Thunberg sometime between 1785 and 1792 and donated by him to the Uppsala University Museum of Zoology, and it is still there as a badly dried and misshaped specimen now catalogued as UUZM Types 7455 (see Fig. 7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275185/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), we and other colleagues highly familiar with
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE088F6DB3C5A58DB7E" box="[413,533,1308,1333]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scripta">
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE088F6DB3C5A58DB7E" box="[413,533,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. scripta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(K. Buhlmann, W. Gibbons, and B. Thomas,
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE08D32DB3C5CA4DB7E" box="[1113,1257,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">pers. comm</emphasis>
.) agree that it fortunately appears to represent a
<taxonomicName id="4C696E9EFF91FFE08B50DB635B37DB17" box="[571,890,1347,1372]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Trachemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="scripta" subSpecies="scripta">
<emphasis id="B91DC90FFF91FFE08B50DB635B37DB17" box="[571,890,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Trachemys scripta scripta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but genetic analysis would be helpful to be certain.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>