290 lines
31 KiB
XML
290 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.639.10893" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9884f9b2-091d-4f9a-9284-b2e78a5e6c30" ID-PMC="PMC5240373" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-639-1" ID-PubMed="28138281" ID-ZBK="BB23AA3FDD9E42CE92F737E047AE80C7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-639-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 639" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species" checkinTime="1481618735599" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="van Achterberg, Cornelis & Shaw, Mark R." docDate="2016" docId="F24FE4718152A842A5F69C1008774FC6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 639: 1-164" docOrigin="ZooKeys 639" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.639.10893" docTitle="Aleiodes diarsianae Achterberg & Shaw, 2016, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="04A7F1AC-F831-4ED3-BABC-287C8C42BBF9" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="69" masterDocId="1A60FFDC4008240EFF9E5829510DDB79" masterDocTitle="Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species" masterLastPageNumber="164" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1668163794084" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>van Achterberg, Cornelis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Shaw, Mark R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>639</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.639.10893</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.639.10893</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-639-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">BB23AA3FDD9E42CE92F737E047AE80C7</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127902456" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:04A7F1AC-F831-4ED3-BABC-287C8C42BBF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F24FE4718152A842A5F69C1008774FC6" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<subSubSection pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/04A7F1AC-F831-4ED3-BABC-287C8C42BBF9" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes diarsianae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diarsianae">Aleiodes diarsianae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="64" pageNumber="65">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 152-153, 154-164
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
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Holotype, ♀ (NMS), "[U.K.], Wales: Anglesey, Fedw Fawr, ex indet. Noctuid swept at night ex
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Calluna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calluna" order="Ericales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Calluna</taxonomicName>
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etc., 23.v.[19]97, mum. 29.v.[19]97, em. 16.vi.[19]97, died 1.ii.[19]98, M.R. Shaw, ♀
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes diarsianae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diarsianae">Aleiodes diarsianae</taxonomicName>
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in 1997 expts.", "Host remains compatible with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Diarsia</taxonomicName>
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sp., possibly
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<taxonomicName genus="Ichneumonoidea" lsidName="Ichneumonoidea brunnea" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="brunnea">brunnea</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName genus="Ichneumonoidea" lsidName="Ichneumonoidea mendica" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="mendica">mendica</taxonomicName>
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det M.R. Shaw, 2013". Paratypes (3 ♀ + 55 ♂): 42 ♂ (NMS, RMNH, BMNH) progeny of the holotype, 29 cultured in the noctuid
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia mendica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Diarsia mendica</taxonomicName>
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(Fabricius), oviposition in range 26.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vii–">vii-</normalizedToken>
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3.viii.1997, mummification 18-27.v.1998, emergence 25.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vi–">vi-</normalizedToken>
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4.vii.1998 and 13 in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia rubi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubi">Diarsia rubi</taxonomicName>
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(Vieweg), oviposition 23-30.viii.1997, mummification 4.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="iv–">iv-</normalizedToken>
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9.v.1998, emergence 7-25.vi.1998; 1 ♂ (NMS) England: Westmorland, Arnside Knott, ex
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia brunnea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">Diarsia? brunnea</taxonomicName>
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(Denis &
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Schiffermüller">Schiffermueller</normalizedToken>
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) on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Calluna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calluna" order="Ericales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Calluna</taxonomicName>
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, coll. 5.v.1984, mum. 16.v.1984, em. 19.vi.1984, M.R. Shaw; 1 ♀ + 1♂ (NMS) Scotland: Orkney, ex
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia brunnea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">Diarsia brunnea</taxonomicName>
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on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Calluna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calluna" order="Ericales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Calluna</taxonomicName>
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, coll. v.1977, em. vi.1977, R.I. Lorimer; 1 ♀ (NMS) Scotland, East Perth, Drumderg, NO2055, ix.2012, A. Huff; 1 ♂ (NMS) Scotland, South Aberdeen, Glen Tanar 16.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vii–">vii-</normalizedToken>
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4.viii.1986, I. MacGowan; 1 ♂ (NMS) Scotland, South Aberdeen, Braemar, Morrone Birkwood, 12.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vii–">vii-</normalizedToken>
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6.viii.1984, B.D. Batty; 1 ♂ (NMS) Scotland, Easterness, Loch Garten, vi.1984, J.A. Owen; 3 ♂ (NMS) Scotland, Easterness, river Nethy shingle bank, NJ0214, 19.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vi–">vi-</normalizedToken>
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5.vii.1999 (1 ♂) and 5-19.vii.1999 (2 ♂), M. Edwards); 2 ♂ (NMS) Scotland, Elgin, Bognacruie, NJ0415 19.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vii–">vii-</normalizedToken>
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3.viii.1999 (1 ♂) and 3-23.viii.1999 (1 ♂), M. Edwards; 1 ♂ (NMS) Scotland, Elgin, Elchies, NJ2146, 27.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vii–">vii-</normalizedToken>
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9.viii.1999, B. Hicks; 2 ♂ (NMS) Scotland, Shetland, HU335730, 15-19.vii.2004, C. Sullivan; 1 ♀ (ZSSM), Netherlands: Nijmegen, ex
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia rubi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubi">Diarsia rubi</taxonomicName>
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, Bauer; 1 ♀ (RMNH), France: Besse en Chande SSE, Puy de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Dôme">Dome</normalizedToken>
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, 13.vi.1976, H. Teunissen.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="molecular data">
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<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="65" pageNumber="66" start="start">Molecular</pageBreakToken>
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data.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="66">MRS030 (Wales JF962600, CO1), MRS135 (Scotland KU682257, CO1 + EU854345, 28S).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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Univoltine and possibly partly plurivoltine parasitoid of low feeding noctuid larvae (especially, perhaps exclusively,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Diarsia</taxonomicName>
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spp.) on moorland vegetation such as
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Calluna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calluna" order="Ericales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Calluna</taxonomicName>
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, overwintering in the host larva. Mummy (Fig. 153) probably made in concealment, blackish and swollen. The above list of paratypes includes specimens reared in culture, with the following experimental outcomes:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia mendica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Diarsia mendica</taxonomicName>
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(Fabricius) 1:47\45\\30+6;
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia rubi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubi">Diarsia rubi</taxonomicName>
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(Vieweg) 1:47\45\\33+5. In both cases mortality was rather heavy in the overwintering young larvae, as also in control groups. In Britain a northern insect, apparently restricted to broadly moorland habitats where it is a parasitoid of low-feeding noctuid larvae, possibly exclusively in the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Diarsia</taxonomicName>
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. When using univoltine hosts it is certainly capable of being univoltine, overwintering as a small larva within the overwintering young host, which is killed in its penultimate instar to form a characteristic swollen mummy more or less concealed near ground level (in culture, all those from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia rubi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubi">Diarsia rubi</taxonomicName>
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were made on tissues lining the base of the container; in the case of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia mendica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Diarsia mendica</taxonomicName>
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a small proportion formed on food plant, but again in low situations). At least one suitable host (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia rubi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubi">Diarsia rubi</taxonomicName>
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) is at least partly plurivoltine; it is not entirely clear how the parasitoid responds to this, but
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia rubi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubi">Diarsia rubi</taxonomicName>
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larvae parasitised in culture in late viii all overwintered, while about 10% of the control cohort fed up to become autumn moths, which may suggest a tendency towards univoltine constraint by the parasitoid. The adults are long-lived and females can probably persist in the field from midsummer right through the latter half of the summer; on the other hand, some of the male collection dates recorded above are late enough to suggest plurivoltinism.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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Figures 152-153.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes diarsianae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diarsianae">Aleiodes diarsianae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., ♀, holotype. 152 habitus lateral 153 mummy of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Diarsia</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
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Apical half of hind femur (partly) dark brown, darker than hind trochanter and trochantellus (Fig. 157); face with distinct rugae; antenna of ♀ with 36-40 segments and third segment stout, of ♂ with 40-46 segments, 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="th–">th-</normalizedToken>
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7th antennal segments of both sexes stout (Fig. 164); OOL 1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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diameter of posterior ocellus (Fig. 163); clypeus 0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as wide as face; mesosternum usually at least narrowly black posteriorly (Fig. 155); malar space and temple near eye dark reddish brown or dark brown; first tergite strongly widened apically (Fig. 156); eye elongate (of ♂) in lateral view; middle third of hind femur yellowish brown or dark brown; vertex moderately setose, rather shiny and more or less blackish or infuscate posteriorly; mesosternum variable, but dark brown in all British specimens; POL 1.2-1.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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diameter of posterior ocellus; eye 2.2-2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as temple in dorsal view (Fig. 163). Very similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes bistrigatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bistrigatus">Aleiodes bistrigatus</taxonomicName>
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(Roman), but the latter has the temples less directly narrowed behind the eyes, 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="th–">th-</normalizedToken>
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7th antennal segments less robust and fewer antennal segments in the males. Similar to the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes pictus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">Aleiodes pictus</taxonomicName>
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-aggregate (i.e.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes pictus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">Aleiodes pictus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
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, 1838) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Aleiodes nigriceps</taxonomicName>
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Wesmael, 1838) but these usually are smaller and less robust species, having the face without distinct rugae or only a few rugae dorsally, the mesosternum usually widely orange brown (and the mesopleuron usually without rugae in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigriceps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Aleiodes nigriceps</taxonomicName>
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), the malar space partly or completely and the temple near the eye (= external orbita) yellowish brown, the first tergite less widened apically, the fore and hind tarsi comparatively slender, the mummy slender and usually brownish (Figs 231, 273), the eye normal in lateral view
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<pageBreakToken pageId="66" pageNumber="67" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
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the antenna less robust. The holotype is much darker than at the start of its life (it lived in a humid tube for over 7 months); this happens to most experimental females.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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Figures 154-164.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes diarsianae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diarsianae">Aleiodes diarsianae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., ♀, holotype. 154 wings 155 mesosoma lateral 156 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 157 hind leg lateral 158 fore femur lateral 159 apical segments of antenna 160 antenna 161 head anterior 162 head lateral 163 head dorsal 164 basal segments of antenna.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Holotype, ♀, length of fore wing 4.0 mm, of body 5.5 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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Head. Antennal segments of ♀ 40, length of antenna 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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fore wing, its subapical segments about 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide and third segment stout (Figs 159-160, 164); frons coriaceous and posteriorly rugulose, with satin sheen; OOL 1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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diameter of posterior ocellus and coriaceous; vertex coriaceous, matt; clypeus slightly convex, indistinctly sculptured; ventral margin of clypeus rounded and depressed; width of hypoclypeal depression 0.36
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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minimum width of face and face distinctly transversely rugose (Fig. 161); length of eye 2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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temple in dorsal view and temple rather directly narrowed behind eye (Fig. 163); occiput behind stemmaticum coriaceous and with some rugulae, occipital carina interrupted dorsally by somewhat less than width of ocellus (Fig. 163); clypeus partly above lower level of eyes and 0.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as face (Fig. 161); length of malar space 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of eye in lateral view; eyes moderately protruding (Figs 161-163).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Mesosoma. Mesoscutal lobes coriaceous, matt, but medio-posteriorly longitudinally rugose; notauli complete and moderately wide, weakly crenulate and posteriorly widened and rugose; prepectal carina medium-sized and lamelliform, reaching anterior border; precoxal area of mesopleuron largely widely rugose, mesopleuron above precoxal area (except nearly smooth and shiny speculum) largely rugose (Fig. 155); metapleuron coriaceous, matt and posteriorly rather tuberculate; mesosternal sulcus narrow and deep, absent and replaced by carina medio-posteriorly; mesosternum rounded posteriorly; scutellum elongate, slightly convex, coriaceous and laterally largely carinate; propodeum rather flat dorsally (depressed laterally and posteriorly, rather tuberculate latero-posteriorly) and strongly rugose but anteriorly weakly so, median carina complete, but posteriorly irregular.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Wings. Fore wing: r 0.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3-SR (Fig. 154); 1-CU1 horizontal, 0.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as 2-CU1; r-m 0.65
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2-SR, and 0.55
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3-SR; second submarginal cell comparatively large (Figs 152, 154); cu-a weakly oblique, not parallel with CU1b, straight; 1-M slightly curved posteriorly. Hind wing: apical half of marginal cell parallel-sided or nearly so; 2-SC+R short and longitudinal; m-cu present and weakly pigmented (Fig. 154).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Legs. Tarsal claws setose; hind coxa coriaceous but partly superficially rugulose, largely matt; hind trochantellus 2.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide; length of fore and hind femora 5.1 and 4.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
their width, respectively (Figs 157-158); inner apex of hind tibia without comb; length of inner hind spur 0.35
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
hind basitarsus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Metasoma. First tergite 0.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide posteriorly and latero-posteriorly narrowly lamelliform, moderately convex and flattened posteriorly, dorsope comparatively wide (Fig. 156);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="first–third">first-third</normalizedToken>
|
||
tergites densely and distinctly longitudinally rugose, robust (Fig. 156), with distinct median carina; medio-basal area of second tergite absent; second suture moderately impressed and crenulate; remainder of metasoma largely superficially coriaceous; fourth and apical fifth of third tergite without sharp lateral crease; ovipositor sheath (except dorsally) densely setose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Colour. Black or brownish black; antenna pale brown, but scapus dorsally and apical seventh of antenna dark brown; palpi, and tegulae pale yellowish (Fig. 152);
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="67" pageNumber="68" start="start">orbita</pageBreakToken>
|
||
posteriorly and dorsally brownish yellow (Figs 162-163); mesosoma orange brown, but propleuron, mesoscutal lobes medially, metanotum laterally, anterior half of propodeum and metapleuron, mesopleuron dorso-posteriorly and mesosternum black; metasoma largely dark orange brown (Figs 152, 156); hind femur (except basally) fuzzy dark brown (Fig. 157) and remainder of legs yellowish brown; veins and pterostigma (except yellow basal 0.2 and apex) dark brown; border between dark and pale part of pterostigma sharp, contrasting with each other (Fig. 154); wing membrane subhyaline. This specimen had lived in a humid tube for 7 months, and its colour had deepened considerably over this time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Variation. Length of fore wing 4.5-5.0 mm; antennal segments of ♀ 36(1), 38(3), 39(1), 40(1), of ♂ 40(2), 41(2), 42(4), 43(13), 44(16), 45(14), 46(3); mesosoma largely black to largely orange-brown; OOL of male slightly longer than diameter of posterior ocellus and apical half of antenna dark brown; fifth maxillary palp segment slender to moderately widened and rather long; first tergite (except medio-posteriorly) black (♂) or entirely dark reddish-brown (♀) and second tergite black or reddish laterally; in British females only posterior segments somewhat darkened; in British males first tergite more or less blackish in anterior half as well, but second and third tergites usually (almost) fully orange, sometimes with infuscation sublaterally on second tergite (especially anteriorly).; mesopleuron medially and propodeum rugose or superficially rugulose; few females seen, but in one very extensively orange specimen the legs are almost completely orange, with only slight infuscation in the apical half of hind femur. May be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes borealis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">Aleiodes borealis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Thomson, 1892), but this species has less antennal segments (♀: 32-34 segments), palpi and legs more or less infuscate and the clypeus wider (about 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
width of the face).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
We have seen 3 ♀ + 11 ♂ (NMS) from Sweden (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bohuslän">Bohuslaen</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Västerbotten">Vaesterbotten</normalizedToken>
|
||
) and Finland (Kuusamo and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Saarijärvi">Saarijaervi</normalizedToken>
|
||
) that come close to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes diarsianae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diarsianae">Aleiodes diarsianae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but differ in being less robust (T1 less expanded apically; antennal segments longer in relation to width, especially basally), less strongly sculptured (fewer rugae on face; mesopleuron with only weak rugae), and having somewhat larger eyes. They also have slightly more antennal segments, at least in the female sex (the two females with intact antennae have 44 and 45 segments, the males have 42(1), 43(1), 44(1), 45(6), 47(1)), and the females have T1 more or less extensively blackish in anterior half, unlike the British
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes diarsianae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diarsianae">Aleiodes diarsianae</taxonomicName>
|
||
females seen, in which it is uniformly orange. CO1 sequences have been obtained for two localities (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Västerbotten">Vaesterbotten</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Kuusamo; respectively MRS304 GenBank KU682234, and MRS692 GenBank KU682247): they form a well-isolated clade with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes diarsianae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diarsianae">Aleiodes diarsianae</taxonomicName>
|
||
but differ from it by 8 fixed base-pairs. One of the Finnish males was reared from a noctuid mummy collected on a twig in a bog (N.R.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fritzén">Fritzen</normalizedToken>
|
||
) later kindly identified from its CO1 sequence as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Coenophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coenophila subrosea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subrosea">Coenophila subrosea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Stephens) by Dr Katja Kramp (SDEI). Another male (in NMS) from Norway (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Turtagrö">Turtagroe</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Sogn og Fjordane) has 42 antennal segments and probably belongs to the same species; it was reared from an unidentified dark noctuid mummy on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula nana" order="Fagales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nana">Betula nana</taxonomicName>
|
||
(K.P. Bland), which, like the Finnish one, is somewhat swollen but not as extensively so as in the considerable number of British
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes diarsianae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diarsianae">Aleiodes diarsianae</taxonomicName>
|
||
mummies we have seen. Both of these specimens, in
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="68" pageNumber="69" start="start">common</pageBreakToken>
|
||
with some (but not all) males from Sweden, have the maxillary palp more swollen than seen in the British material. More material is needed to settle the status of these Fennoscandian populations, but we provisionally regard them as probably a different species near
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes diarsianae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diarsianae">Aleiodes diarsianae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
Named after the generic name of its host:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diarsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diarsia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Diarsia</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">*British Isles (England, Wales, Scotland), *France, *Netherlands.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Note.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Males have on average about 3-4 more antennal segments than females.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |