356 lines
36 KiB
XML
356 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.734.21989" ID-PMC="PMC5904327" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-734-43" ID-Pensoft-UUID="394D3A78FFD46838FF9BFFE8FB52C216" ID-PubMed="29674855" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1222331" ID-ZooBank="7C3C687B64BB42A5B9E4EC588BCD52D5" ModsDocID="1313-2970-734-43" checkinTime="1517868722990" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Assmann, Thorsten, Boutaud, Esteve, Buse, Joern, Gebert, Joerg, Drees, Claudia, Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid, Khoury, Fares, Marcus, Tamar, Orbach, Eylon, Ittai Renan,, Schmidt, Constantin & Zumstein, Pascale" docDate="2018" docId="EEE6DD8FEEE666A4273AC7DF63DB1A4A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 734: 43-103" docOrigin="ZooKeys 734" docPubDate="2018-02-05" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.734.21989" docTitle="Cicindela javetii Chaudoir 1861" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="394D3A78FFD46838FF9BFFE8FB52C216" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="394D3A78FFD46838FF9BFFE8FB52C216" masterDocTitle="The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) of the southern Levant and adjacent territories: from cybertaxonomy to conservation biology" masterLastPageNumber="103" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1668165402329" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) of the southern Levant and adjacent territories: from cybertaxonomy to conservation biology</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Assmann, Thorsten</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9203-769X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Universitaetsallee 1, D- 21335 Lueneburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">assmann@uni.leuphana.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Boutaud, Esteve</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Universitaetsallee 1, D- 21335 Lueneburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Buse, Joern</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Ecosystem Monitoring, Research and Wildlife Conservation (SB 23 Invertebrates and Biodiversity), Black Forest National Park, Kniebisstrasse 67, D- 72250 Freudenstadt, Germany</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Gebert, Joerg</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 73, D- 01109 Dresden. Germany</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Drees, Claudia</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel Aviv, IL- 69978, Israel & Biocentre Grindel, Universitaet Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D- 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel Aviv, IL- 69978, Israel</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Khoury, Fares</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, P. O. Box 2882, Amman, JO- 11821, Jordan</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Marcus, Tamar</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Universitaetsallee 1, D- 21335 Lueneburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Orbach, Eylon</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Remez St. 49, IL- 36044 Qiryat Tiv'on, Israel</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Ittai Renan,</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel Aviv, IL- 69978, Israel</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Schmidt, Constantin</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3892-4255</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Deichstr. 13, D- 21354 Bleckede, Germany</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Zumstein, Pascale</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Universitaetsallee 1, D- 21335 Lueneburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2018-02-05</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>734</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>43</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>103</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.734.21989</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.734.21989</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-734-43</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7C3C687B64BB42A5B9E4EC588BCD52D5</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">394D3A78FFD46838FF9BFFE8FB52C216</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1222331</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="141125710" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EEE6DD8FEEE666A4273AC7DF63DB1A4A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EEE6DD8FEEE666A4273AC7DF63DB1A4A" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="12" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="55" start="start">2</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="EEE6DD8F-EEE6-66A4-273A-C7DF63DB1A4A" authority="Chaudoir, 1861" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Cicindelidae" genus="Cicindela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cicindela javetii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javetii">Cicindela javetii Chaudoir, 1861</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="55" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="55">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="55">Open habitats with dwarf shrubs and bare ground, mostly on loamy soils (own observations and Chikatunov pers. comm.), also in quarries. Israeli records from about 1000 m a.s.l. upwards, in Lebanon up to about 2200 m a.s.l. Diurnal.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="55" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="55">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Adults found mainly in May (April to June, own observation,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" author="Matalin, AV" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="43" pageNumber="86" pagination="115 - 160" refId="B82" refString="Matalin, AV, Chikatunov, VI, 2016. The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae) of Israel and adjacent lands. ZooKeys 578: 115 - 160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" title="The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae) of Israel and adjacent lands." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" volume="578" year="2016">Matalin and Chikatunov 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). No verifiable records for the long activity period reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nussbaum, Y" journalOrPublisher="YES Quarterly" pageId="43" pageNumber="86" pagination="7 - 15" refId="B87" refString="Nussbaum, Y, 1987. Tiger beetles of Israel and Sinai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). YES Quarterly 4: 7 - 15" title="Tiger beetles of Israel and Sinai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)." volume="4" year="1987">Nussbaum (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="55">Distribution range.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Southern Turkey, Lebanon, southwestern Syria, and northern Israel (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deuve, T" journalOrPublisher="L'Entomologiste" pageId="40" pageNumber="83" pagination="125 - 138" refId="B35" refString="Deuve, T, 2011. Esquisse pour l'etude des Cicindela proches de campestris, desertorum, herbacea et javeti au Proche-Orient (Coleoptera Caraboidea). L'Entomologiste 67: 125 - 138" title="Esquisse pour l'etude des Cicindela proches de campestris, desertorum, herbacea et javeti au Proche-Orient (Coleoptera Caraboidea)." volume="67" year="2011">Deuve 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="55">Distribution in the southern Levant.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Some records have been published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deuve, T" journalOrPublisher="L'Entomologiste" pageId="40" pageNumber="83" pagination="125 - 138" refId="B35" refString="Deuve, T, 2011. Esquisse pour l'etude des Cicindela proches de campestris, desertorum, herbacea et javeti au Proche-Orient (Coleoptera Caraboidea). L'Entomologiste 67: 125 - 138" title="Esquisse pour l'etude des Cicindela proches de campestris, desertorum, herbacea et javeti au Proche-Orient (Coleoptera Caraboidea)." volume="67" year="2011">Deuve (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In Israel the species is only known from two areas: Mount Hermon (in the surrounding of Majdal-Shams) and from Mount Meron (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nussbaum, Y" journalOrPublisher="YES Quarterly" pageId="43" pageNumber="86" pagination="7 - 15" refId="B87" refString="Nussbaum, Y, 1987. Tiger beetles of Israel and Sinai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). YES Quarterly 4: 7 - 15" title="Tiger beetles of Israel and Sinai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)." volume="4" year="1987">Nussbaum 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" type="taxonomic notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="55">Taxonomic notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="55">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. campestris" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="campestris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="55">C. campestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Linné">Linne</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1758 group in Asia Minor and the Middle East has been the object of recent studies (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deuve, T" journalOrPublisher="L'Entomologiste" pageId="40" pageNumber="83" pagination="125 - 138" refId="B35" refString="Deuve, T, 2011. Esquisse pour l'etude des Cicindela proches de campestris, desertorum, herbacea et javeti au Proche-Orient (Coleoptera Caraboidea). L'Entomologiste 67: 125 - 138" title="Esquisse pour l'etude des Cicindela proches de campestris, desertorum, herbacea et javeti au Proche-Orient (Coleoptera Caraboidea)." volume="67" year="2011">Deuve 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Franzen, M" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="41" pageNumber="84" pagination="13 - 24" refId="B47" refString="Franzen, M, 2007. A new species of tiger beetles of the Cicindela campestris group from southern Turkey, with remarks on the identity of C. herbacea Klug, 1832 and other taxa related to C. desertorum Dejean, 1825. Spixiana 30: 13 - 24" title="A new species of tiger beetles of the Cicindela campestris group from southern Turkey, with remarks on the identity of C. herbacea Klug, 1832 and other taxa related to C. desertorum Dejean, 1825." volume="30" year="2007">Franzen 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" author="Matalin, AV" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="43" pageNumber="86" pagination="115 - 160" refId="B82" refString="Matalin, AV, Chikatunov, VI, 2016. The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae) of Israel and adjacent lands. ZooKeys 578: 115 - 160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" title="The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae) of Israel and adjacent lands." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" volume="578" year="2016">Matalin and Chikatunov 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the taxonomic status of some populations has not yet been completely resolved. We agree with
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4024.1.1" author="Azadbakhsh, S" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="39" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 108" refId="B20" refString="Azadbakhsh, S, Nozari, J, 2015. Checklist of the Iranian ground beetles (Coleoptera; Carabidae). Zootaxa 4024: 1 - 108, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4024.1.1" title="Checklist of the Iranian ground beetles (Coleoptera; Carabidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4024.1.1" volume="4024" year="2015">Azadbakhsh and Nozari (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that this entire tiger beetle group from South-west Asia needs to undergo revision. We believe that morphometric and molecular studies are necessary to solve the actual taxonomic and systematic problems of this group. Moreover, large amounts of material are needed for studies as the morphometric variability within populations is large (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Franzen, M" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="41" pageNumber="84" pagination="13 - 24" refId="B47" refString="Franzen, M, 2007. A new species of tiger beetles of the Cicindela campestris group from southern Turkey, with remarks on the identity of C. herbacea Klug, 1832 and other taxa related to C. desertorum Dejean, 1825. Spixiana 30: 13 - 24" title="A new species of tiger beetles of the Cicindela campestris group from southern Turkey, with remarks on the identity of C. herbacea Klug, 1832 and other taxa related to C. desertorum Dejean, 1825." volume="30" year="2007">Franzen 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Following
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deuve, T" journalOrPublisher="L'Entomologiste" pageId="40" pageNumber="83" pagination="125 - 138" refId="B35" refString="Deuve, T, 2011. Esquisse pour l'etude des Cicindela proches de campestris, desertorum, herbacea et javeti au Proche-Orient (Coleoptera Caraboidea). L'Entomologiste 67: 125 - 138" title="Esquisse pour l'etude des Cicindela proches de campestris, desertorum, herbacea et javeti au Proche-Orient (Coleoptera Caraboidea)." volume="67" year="2011">Deuve (2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 136) the specimens from Israel belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. javetii subsp. azari" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" rank="subSpecies" species="javetii" subSpecies="azari">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="55">C. javetii azari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Deuve, 2011. Two further subspecies occur from Turkey to Lebanon and Syria:
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. j. subsp. thughurica" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" rank="subSpecies" species="j." subSpecies="thughurica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="55">C. j. thughurica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Franzen, 2007 and the nominate subspecies. The taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cicindelidae" genus="Cicindela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cicindela thughurica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thughurica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="55">Cicindela thughurica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–10" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 7 - 10. Cicindelidae species: 7 Grammognatha euphratica (female) 8 Cicindela javetii (male) 9 C. javetii (female) 10 C. javetii (male, paratype of Cicindela thughurica)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.734.21989.figures7-10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/183612" pageId="12" pageNumber="55">10</figureCitation>
|
||
) described from southern Turkey, has been also recorded from south-western Syria (Bludan, north-west of Damascus) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-44.4.353" author="Avgin, SS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomological Science" pageId="38" pageNumber="81" pagination="353 - 358" refId="B15" refString="Avgin, SS, Wiesner, J, 2009. An annotated checklist and review of the tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) of the Syrian Arab Republic with new locality records. Journal of Entomological Science 44: 353 - 358, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-44.4.353" title="An annotated checklist and review of the tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) of the Syrian Arab Republic with new locality records." url="https://doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-44.4.353" volume="44" year="2009">Avgin and Wiesner 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The given site is close to the Israeli border. The existence of two subspecies of this flight-active species in this small geographic area seems unlikely. Moreover, the elytral pattern, one of the main characters to distinguish the subspecies, is not constant but varies even within a given population clearly (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–10" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 7 - 10. Cicindelidae species: 7 Grammognatha euphratica (female) 8 Cicindela javetii (male) 9 C. javetii (female) 10 C. javetii (male, paratype of Cicindela thughurica)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.734.21989.figures7-10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/183612" pageId="12" pageNumber="55">8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–10" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 7 - 10. Cicindelidae species: 7 Grammognatha euphratica (female) 8 Cicindela javetii (male) 9 C. javetii (female) 10 C. javetii (male, paratype of Cicindela thughurica)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.734.21989.figures7-10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/183612" pageId="12" pageNumber="55">9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="12" pageNumber="55">
|
||
The very similar species
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. herbacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="herbacea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="55">C. herbacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs from Lebanon and Syria to Iran including several populations and described subspecies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deuve, T" journalOrPublisher="L'Entomologiste" pageId="40" pageNumber="83" pagination="125 - 138" refId="B35" refString="Deuve, T, 2011. Esquisse pour l'etude des Cicindela proches de campestris, desertorum, herbacea et javeti au Proche-Orient (Coleoptera Caraboidea). L'Entomologiste 67: 125 - 138" title="Esquisse pour l'etude des Cicindela proches de campestris, desertorum, herbacea et javeti au Proche-Orient (Coleoptera Caraboidea)." volume="67" year="2011">Deuve 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deuve, T" journalOrPublisher="L'Entomologiste" pageId="40" pageNumber="83" pagination="3 - 16" refId="B36" refString="Deuve, T, 2012. Esquisse pour l'etude des populations est-mediterraneennes du groupe de Cicindela campestris (Coleoptera Caraboidea). L'Entomologiste 68: 3 - 16" title="Esquisse pour l'etude des populations est-mediterraneennes du groupe de Cicindela campestris (Coleoptera Caraboidea)." volume="68" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The separation of these two species may be possible using male genitalia. Deuve emphasized the size and external shape of median lobe of aedeagus (cf. Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 21–24" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 21 - 24. Cicindelid species: 21 Calomera fimbriata (male) 22 Habrodera nilotica (female) 23 Homodela ismenia (male) 24 Hypaetha singularis (female)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.734.21989.figures21-24" pageId="12" pageNumber="55">24</figureCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–32" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 29 - 32. Cylindera (sub-) species: 29 C. contorta s. str. (male) 30 C. rectangularis (female) 31 C. contorta valdenbergi (male) 32 C. contorta valdenbergi (female)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.734.21989.figures29-32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/183617" pageId="12" pageNumber="55">30</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deuve, T" journalOrPublisher="L'Entomologiste" pageId="40" pageNumber="83" pagination="125 - 138" refId="B35" refString="Deuve, T, 2011. Esquisse pour l'etude des Cicindela proches de campestris, desertorum, herbacea et javeti au Proche-Orient (Coleoptera Caraboidea). L'Entomologiste 67: 125 - 138" title="Esquisse pour l'etude des Cicindela proches de campestris, desertorum, herbacea et javeti au Proche-Orient (Coleoptera Caraboidea)." volume="67" year="2011">Deuve 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" author="Matalin, AV" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="43" pageNumber="86" pagination="115 - 160" refId="B82" refString="Matalin, AV, Chikatunov, VI, 2016. The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae) of Israel and adjacent lands. ZooKeys 578: 115 - 160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" title="The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae) of Israel and adjacent lands." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" volume="578" year="2016">Matalin and Chikatunov (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also emphasized the length of the median lobe as a distinguishing character. However, we have specimens from northern Lebanon (Les Cedres, Bcharre) in which the median lobe is shorter than indicated by the latter authors. Also the external shape of the median lobe of both species,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. herbacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="herbacea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="55">C. herbacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. javetii" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="javetii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="55">C. javetii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, varies greatly, even within a population (e.g. Bludan, Antilebanon, 1700-2300m, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 39. Median lobes of the aedeagus of Cicindela species: a, b C. javetii and c C. herbacea." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.734.21989.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/183620" pageId="12" pageNumber="55">39</figureCitation>
|
||
), and not only between the populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Cicindelidae" genus="Cicindela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cicindela javetii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javetii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="55">Cicindela javetii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deuve, T" journalOrPublisher="L'Entomologiste" pageId="40" pageNumber="83" pagination="125 - 138" refId="B35" refString="Deuve, T, 2011. Esquisse pour l'etude des Cicindela proches de campestris, desertorum, herbacea et javeti au Proche-Orient (Coleoptera Caraboidea). L'Entomologiste 67: 125 - 138" title="Esquisse pour l'etude des Cicindela proches de campestris, desertorum, herbacea et javeti au Proche-Orient (Coleoptera Caraboidea)." volume="67" year="2011">Deuve 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the median lobe of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Cicindelidae" genus="Cicindela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cicindela javetii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javetii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="55">Cicindela javetii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is in general more bent than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Klug" authorityYear="1832" class="Insecta" family="Cicindelidae" genus="Cicindela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cicindela herbacea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbacea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="55">Cicindela herbacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although the ventro-lateral bladders of the median lobes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" author="Matalin, AV" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="43" pageNumber="86" pagination="115 - 160" refId="B82" refString="Matalin, AV, Chikatunov, VI, 2016. The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae) of Israel and adjacent lands. ZooKeys 578: 115 - 160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" title="The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae) of Israel and adjacent lands." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" volume="578" year="2016">Matalin and Chikatunov 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) differ between the two species, they are not a useful character for identification as the procedure of
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="56" start="start">evagination</pageBreakToken>
|
||
of the internal sac is not feasible for many entomologists. However, clear differences in the ratio internal sac to aedeagus length can usually be seen in embedded median lobes of aedeagus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 39. Median lobes of the aedeagus of Cicindela species: a, b C. javetii and c C. herbacea." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.734.21989.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/183620" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">39</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1223942" doi="10.3897/zookeys.734.21989.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/183620" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" start="Figure 39" startId="F15">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Figure 39.</emphasis>
|
||
Median lobes of the aedeagus of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Cicindelidae" genus="Cicindela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cicindela" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cicindela</taxonomicName>
|
||
species
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">a, b</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. javetii" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="javetii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">C. javetii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">c</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. herbacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="herbacea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">C. herbacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">
|
||
The body lengths of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. javetii" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="javetii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">C. javetii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. herbacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="herbacea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">C. herbacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not a good diagnostic character as the specimens in our collections show a stronger overlap than expected based in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deuve, T" journalOrPublisher="L'Entomologiste" pageId="40" pageNumber="83" pagination="125 - 138" refId="B35" refString="Deuve, T, 2011. Esquisse pour l'etude des Cicindela proches de campestris, desertorum, herbacea et javeti au Proche-Orient (Coleoptera Caraboidea). L'Entomologiste 67: 125 - 138" title="Esquisse pour l'etude des Cicindela proches de campestris, desertorum, herbacea et javeti au Proche-Orient (Coleoptera Caraboidea)." volume="67" year="2011">Deuve (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="57" start="start">However</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, the proportion of the pronotum as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" author="Matalin, AV" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="43" pageNumber="86" pagination="115 - 160" refId="B82" refString="Matalin, AV, Chikatunov, VI, 2016. The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae) of Israel and adjacent lands. ZooKeys 578: 115 - 160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" title="The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae) of Israel and adjacent lands." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" volume="578" year="2016">Matalin and Chikatunov (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
seems to be a good character for the identification of the two species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="57">
|
||
As
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. javetii" pageId="14" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="javetii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="57">C. javetii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has recently been recognized as a species, the specimens from Israel are listed under the species names
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. campestris" pageId="14" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="campestris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="57">C. campestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. herbacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="herbacea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="57">C. herbacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nussbaum, Y" journalOrPublisher="YES Quarterly" pageId="43" pageNumber="86" pagination="7 - 15" refId="B87" refString="Nussbaum, Y, 1987. Tiger beetles of Israel and Sinai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). YES Quarterly 4: 7 - 15" title="Tiger beetles of Israel and Sinai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)." volume="4" year="1987">Nussbaum 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Valdenberg, A" journalOrPublisher="Shappirit - Journal of the Israel Entomology Center" pageId="44" pageNumber="87" pagination="38 - 48" refId="B105" refString="Valdenberg, A, 1983. The tiger beetles family. General survey of the family and key to species in Israel and Sinai (in Hebrew). Shappirit - Journal of the Israel Entomology Center 1: 38 - 48" title="The tiger beetles family. General survey of the family and key to species in Israel and Sinai (in Hebrew)." volume="1" year="1983">Valdenberg 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The specimens from South-west Syria are published under the taxon names
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Klug" authorityYear="1832" class="Insecta" family="Cicindelidae" genus="Cicindela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cicindela herbacea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbacea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="57">Cicindela herbacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cicindelidae" genus="Cicindela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cicindela thughurica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thughurica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="57">Cicindela thughurica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-44.4.353" author="Avgin, SS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomological Science" pageId="38" pageNumber="81" pagination="353 - 358" refId="B15" refString="Avgin, SS, Wiesner, J, 2009. An annotated checklist and review of the tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) of the Syrian Arab Republic with new locality records. Journal of Entomological Science 44: 353 - 358, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-44.4.353" title="An annotated checklist and review of the tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) of the Syrian Arab Republic with new locality records." url="https://doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-44.4.353" volume="44" year="2009">Avgin and Wiesner 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ptashkovsky, Y" journalOrPublisher="Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London" pageId="43" pageNumber="86" refId="B93" refString="Ptashkovsky, Y, 2013. Beetles of Israel. self-published, Tel Aviv." title="Beetles of Israel. self-published, Tel Aviv." year="2013">Ptashkovsky (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included a photograph of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. herbacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="herbacea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="57">C. herbacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it is unlikely that this specimen was collected in Israel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="57">
|
||
The correct name of the taxon is
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1861" class="Insecta" family="Cicindelidae" genus="Cicindela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cicindela javetii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javetii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="57">Cicindela javetii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chaudoir, M de" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Im periale des Naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="40" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 13" refId="B33" refString="Chaudoir, M de, 1861. Description de quelques especes nouvelles d'Europe et de Syrie appartenant aux familles des cicindeletes et des carabiques. Bulletin de la Societe Im periale des Naturalistes de Moscou 34: 1 - 13" title="Description de quelques especes nouvelles d'Europe et de Syrie appartenant aux familles des cicindeletes et des carabiques." volume="34" year="1861">Chaudoir 1861</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1), not
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="57">javeti</emphasis>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deuve, T" journalOrPublisher="L'Entomologiste" pageId="40" pageNumber="83" pagination="125 - 138" refId="B35" refString="Deuve, T, 2011. Esquisse pour l'etude des Cicindela proches de campestris, desertorum, herbacea et javeti au Proche-Orient (Coleoptera Caraboidea). L'Entomologiste 67: 125 - 138" title="Esquisse pour l'etude des Cicindela proches de campestris, desertorum, herbacea et javeti au Proche-Orient (Coleoptera Caraboidea)." volume="67" year="2011">Deuve 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" author="Matalin, AV" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="43" pageNumber="86" pagination="115 - 160" refId="B82" refString="Matalin, AV, Chikatunov, VI, 2016. The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae) of Israel and adjacent lands. ZooKeys 578: 115 - 160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" title="The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae) of Israel and adjacent lands." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" volume="578" year="2016">Matalin and Chikatunov 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="57" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="57">Conservation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="57">
|
||
The species is most likely extinct in Israel, as there have been no new records in the last two decades despite intensive searches on the sites from which the species was previously known. In most cases, the relevant habitats have been destroyed. Populations still exist on the Syrian side of the Hermon, as specimens have been collected there as recently as 2007 (<Syria Occ. Bludan / 40 km west of Damascus / 1700-2300m Antilebano(n) / leg. A. Wrzecionko / 5.5.2007> and same locality, but <
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
|
||
2200m /
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Skoupý">Skoupy</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg.>; CAL, CGS).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |