treatments-xml/data/98/D7/EA/98D7EA1C817A580F9B767EC3E73A8F9A.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1110.82461" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1110-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="88D66028C7A752528DD9138A2105F895" ID-ZooBank="01302157EE404B9999DD3EC3377D929C" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1110-1" checkinTime="1657006639549" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pholyotha, Arthit, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Lin, Aung &amp; Panha, Somsak" docDate="2022" docId="98D7EA1C817A580F9B767EC3E73A8F9A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1110: 1-37" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1110" docPubDate="2022-07-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1110.82461" docTitle="Burmochlamys Pholyotha &amp; Panha 2022, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="060B5C90-76D8-44D5-96CC-924066E94F59" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="88D66028C7A752528DD9138A2105F895" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="88D66028C7A752528DD9138A2105F895" masterDocTitle="Uncovering local endemism from southeastern Myanmar: description of the new karst-associated terrestrial snail genus Burmochlamys (Eupulmonata, Helicarionidae)" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1657006941096" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Uncovering local endemism from southeastern Myanmar: description of the new karst-associated terrestrial snail genus Burmochlamys (Eupulmonata, Helicarionidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pholyotha, Arthit</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sutcharit, Chirasak</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lin, Aung</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Fauna and Flora International, Sanchaung Township, Yangon, Myanmar</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand &amp; Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">somsak.pan@chula.ac.th</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-07-04</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1110</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>37</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1110.82461</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1110.82461</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1110-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">01302157EE404B9999DD3EC3377D929C</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">88D66028C7A752528DD9138A2105F895</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:060B5C90-76D8-44D5-96CC-924066E94F59" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/98D7EA1C817A580F9B767EC3E73A8F9A" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Genus 
<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/060B5C90-76D8-44D5-96CC-924066E94F59" authority="Pholyotha &amp; Panha" authorityName="Pholyotha &amp; Panha" authorityYear="2022" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Burmochlamys" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Burmochlamys" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Burmochlamys Pholyotha &amp; Panha</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pholyotha &amp; Panha" authorityYear="2022" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Burmochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Burmochlamys fasciola" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fasciola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Burmochlamys fasciola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The name combines 
<taxonomicName genus="Burmo" lsidName="Burmo" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Burmo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in reference to Burma, the historical name of Myanmar, and the Greek word 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">chlamys</emphasis>
meaning mantle or cloak in reference to land snail with well-developed mantle extensions. Therefore, the generic name means the Burmese land snail with the well-developed mantle extensions. The gender of the new generic name is feminine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Shell subglobose to globose, small size, little high spire, and sculptured with spiral furrows and undulating radial lines. Snail with five well-developed mantle extensions; caudal horn raised. Genitalia with penial retractor muscle attached at tip of epiphallic caecum; gametolytic organ with rather short to moderate cylindrical duct and bulbous sac; well-developed dart apparatus; flagellum absent. 
<taxonomicName class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Radula" order="Porellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">Radula</taxonomicName>
with large monocuspid central tooth and attached by two smaller teeth; laterals and marginals undifferentiated, large monocuspid, and at base of each tooth on outer side attached by a smaller tooth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell</emphasis>
subglobose to globose, small-sized, thin, whitish to brownish, with or without yellowish brown band on the periphery. Shell surface with distinct to faintly spiral furrows, crossed by distinct to faintly undulating radial lines. Whorls 
<normalizedToken originalValue="5½">51/2</normalizedToken>
-7, regularly increasing; spire rather elevated; body whorl rounded. Aperture oblique and crescentic with simple lip. Umbilicus open, narrow to moderate, and deep.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Animal</emphasis>
reticulated skin with pale to dark greyish or with a brown or yellow tinge. Mantle lobes or mantle extension well developed, divided into two shell lobes and three dorsal lobes, and somewhat thickened near their margins (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Synoptic illustration of mantle extensions, body terminology and radular morphology of Burmochlamys gen. nov. A right and left shell lobes of B. fasciola sp. nov. B mantle extensions (shell lobes and dorsal lobes) and posterior body of B. poongee C dorsal view of mantle extensions (shell lobes and dorsal lobes) of B. cassidula D, E representative SEM images of radula showing monocuspid central tooth (yellow) and lateromarginal teeth (blue) attached by the smaller triangular-shaped teeth (red). White arrow indicates pneumostome or breathing pore. Yellow arrow indicates a tiny cusp on outermost lateromarginal teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1110.82461.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709569" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3A-C</figureCitation>
). Shell lobes short to moderate, slender, finger-like, and same colour as body. Right shell lobe (rsl) rather longer and larger than left shell lobe (lsl). Dorsal lobes large, broad, normally larger than shell lobes, crescent-shaped, and same colour as body. Right dorsal lobe (rdl) larger than left dorsal lobe. Left dorsal lobe divided into anterior (ant-ldl) and posterior lobes (post-ldl). Sole tripartite and lateral foot margin present. Caudal foss (cf) and caudal horn (ch) present (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Synoptic illustration of mantle extensions, body terminology and radular morphology of Burmochlamys gen. nov. A right and left shell lobes of B. fasciola sp. nov. B mantle extensions (shell lobes and dorsal lobes) and posterior body of B. poongee C dorsal view of mantle extensions (shell lobes and dorsal lobes) of B. cassidula D, E representative SEM images of radula showing monocuspid central tooth (yellow) and lateromarginal teeth (blue) attached by the smaller triangular-shaped teeth (red). White arrow indicates pneumostome or breathing pore. Yellow arrow indicates a tiny cusp on outermost lateromarginal teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1110.82461.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709569" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1110.82461.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709569" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Synoptic illustration of mantle extensions, body terminology and radular morphology of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pholyotha &amp; Panha" authorityYear="2022" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Burmochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Burmochlamys" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Burmochlamys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
right and left shell lobes of 
<taxonomicName genus="B." lsidName="B. fasciola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fasciola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. fasciola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
mantle extensions (shell lobes and dorsal lobes) and posterior body of 
<taxonomicName genus="B." lsidName="B. poongee" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="poongee">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. poongee</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
dorsal view of mantle extensions (shell lobes and dorsal lobes) of 
<taxonomicName genus="B." lsidName="B. cassidula" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cassidula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. cassidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, E</emphasis>
representative SEM images of radula showing monocuspid central tooth (yellow) and lateromarginal teeth (blue) attached by the smaller triangular-shaped teeth (red). White arrow indicates pneumostome or breathing pore. Yellow arrow indicates a tiny cusp on outermost lateromarginal teeth.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Genitalia</emphasis>
possess penis with thin penial sheath; penial retractor muscle varying in size and attached at tip of short and straight epiphallic caecum. Flagellum absent. Dart apparatus present. Gametolytic organ with rather short to moderate cylindrical duct and bulbous sac.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName genus="Radular" lsidName="Radular teeth" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="teeth">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Radular teeth</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
arranged in wide U-shaped rows. Central tooth monocuspid, large, narrow to broad spatulate shape, and with two smaller triangular-shaped teeth located at base (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Synoptic illustration of mantle extensions, body terminology and radular morphology of Burmochlamys gen. nov. A right and left shell lobes of B. fasciola sp. nov. B mantle extensions (shell lobes and dorsal lobes) and posterior body of B. poongee C dorsal view of mantle extensions (shell lobes and dorsal lobes) of B. cassidula D, E representative SEM images of radula showing monocuspid central tooth (yellow) and lateromarginal teeth (blue) attached by the smaller triangular-shaped teeth (red). White arrow indicates pneumostome or breathing pore. Yellow arrow indicates a tiny cusp on outermost lateromarginal teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1110.82461.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709569" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3D</figureCitation>
). Lateral and marginal teeth not differentiated, monocuspid, large spatulate shape, and with only one smaller triangular-shaped tooth located at base on outer side. From inner to outer, lateromarginal teeth gradually narrower, smaller, and rather pointed cusp (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Synoptic illustration of mantle extensions, body terminology and radular morphology of Burmochlamys gen. nov. A right and left shell lobes of B. fasciola sp. nov. B mantle extensions (shell lobes and dorsal lobes) and posterior body of B. poongee C dorsal view of mantle extensions (shell lobes and dorsal lobes) of B. cassidula D, E representative SEM images of radula showing monocuspid central tooth (yellow) and lateromarginal teeth (blue) attached by the smaller triangular-shaped teeth (red). White arrow indicates pneumostome or breathing pore. Yellow arrow indicates a tiny cusp on outermost lateromarginal teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1110.82461.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709569" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3D, E</figureCitation>
), and tiny inner cusp sometimes present on outermost teeth (yellow arrow in Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Synoptic illustration of mantle extensions, body terminology and radular morphology of Burmochlamys gen. nov. A right and left shell lobes of B. fasciola sp. nov. B mantle extensions (shell lobes and dorsal lobes) and posterior body of B. poongee C dorsal view of mantle extensions (shell lobes and dorsal lobes) of B. cassidula D, E representative SEM images of radula showing monocuspid central tooth (yellow) and lateromarginal teeth (blue) attached by the smaller triangular-shaped teeth (red). White arrow indicates pneumostome or breathing pore. Yellow arrow indicates a tiny cusp on outermost lateromarginal teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1110.82461.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709569" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="constituent species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Constituent species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pholyotha &amp; Panha" authorityYear="2022" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Burmochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Burmochlamys" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Burmochlamys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. currently contains: 
<taxonomicName genus="B." lsidName="B. cassidula" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cassidula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. cassidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Benson, 1859), comb. nov., 
<taxonomicName genus="B." lsidName="B. cauisa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cauisa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. cauisa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Benson, 1859), comb. nov., 
<taxonomicName genus="B." lsidName="B. perpaula" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perpaula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. perpaula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Benson, 1859), comb. nov., 
<taxonomicName genus="B." lsidName="B. poongee" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="poongee">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. poongee</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Theobald, 1859), comb. nov., 
<taxonomicName genus="B." lsidName="B. albida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="albida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. albida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., 
<taxonomicName genus="B." lsidName="B. fasciola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fasciola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. fasciola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., 
<taxonomicName genus="B." lsidName="B. moulmeinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="moulmeinica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. moulmeinica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., 
<taxonomicName genus="B." lsidName="B. versicolor" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="versicolor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. versicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., and 
<taxonomicName genus="B." lsidName="B. whitteni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="whitteni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. whitteni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pholyotha &amp; Panha" authorityYear="2022" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Burmochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Burmochlamys" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Burmochlamys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. shows a remarkable degree of endemism and localisation being restricted to the limestone karsts in the south of Salween River basin, Myanmar (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Map of the Salween River basin (known as Thanlwin River) in the southeastern Myanmar showing the sampling sites. Coloured triangles indicate the localities recorded for each Burmochlamys species. White circles indicate the localities recorded for Sophina species. White squares indicate the sampling localities with no records of both Sophina and Burmochlamys species." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1110.82461.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709567" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
). The limestone formations in the region are notable for their fragmented, island-like nature, with hills, caves, and towers forming archipelagos of habitat islands and some areas are temporarily flooded during the monsoon season (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Habitat of some species of Burmochlamys gen. nov. in the karst basin of Hpa-An, Kayin State, Myanmar. A type locality of B. fasciola sp. nov. at Bardai Mountain and microhabitat structure of the karst wall B newly discovered locality of B. poongee at Kaw Ka Thaung Cave C type locality of B. albida sp. nov. at Waiponla Monastery D type locality of B. moulmeinica sp. nov. at Lun Nya Pagoda E type locality of B. versicolor sp. nov. at Bayin Nyi Cave. Photos by Ruttapon Srisonchai." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1110.82461.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709568" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pholyotha &amp; Panha" authorityYear="2022" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Burmochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Burmochlamys" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Burmochlamys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. possesses a similar radular morphology (monocuspid and spatulate shape) to those of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Tumpeesuwan &amp; S. Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aenigmatoconcha" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, 2017, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ancey" authorityYear="1887" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Chalepotaxis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalepotaxis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chalepotaxis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ancey, 1887, and 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sophina</emphasis>
. However, the new genus is easy to distinguish from these three genera by having a microscopic shell sculpture, slender mantle extensions (left and right shell lobes) and genitalia with a well-developed dart apparatus and without a flagellum. In contrast, those three genera have a smooth shell surface and well-developed left and right shell lobes that can be enlarged and cover most of the shell. The genitalia of 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sophina</emphasis>
is more similar to that of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pholyotha &amp; Panha" authorityYear="2022" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Burmochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Burmochlamys" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Burmochlamys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov., while 
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Tumpeesuwan &amp; S. Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aenigmatoconcha" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a small flagellum and no dart apparatus, and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ancey" authorityYear="1887" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Chalepotaxis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalepotaxis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chalepotaxis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has neither flagellum nor dart apparatus (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2016.1234996" author="Pall-Gergely, B" journalOrPublisher="Molluscan Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="113 - 119" refId="B20" refString="Pall-Gergely, B, Feher, Z, Otani, JU, Asami, T, 2016. An integrative taxonomic approach to infer the systematic position of Chalepotaxis Ancey, 1887 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae). Molluscan Research 37 (2): 113 - 119, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2016.1234996" title="An integrative taxonomic approach to infer the systematic position of Chalepotaxis Ancey, 1887 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2016.1234996" volume="37" year="2016">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páll-Gergely">Pall-Gergely</normalizedToken>
et al. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12420" author="Sutcharit, C" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="957 - 981" refId="B34" refString="Sutcharit, C, Jeratthitikul, E, Pholyotha, A, Lin, A, Panha, S, 2020. Molecular phylogeny reveals high diversity and endemism in the limestone karst-restricted land snail genus Sophina Benson, 1859 from Myanmar (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with description of four new species. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 58 (4): 957 - 981, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12420" title="Molecular phylogeny reveals high diversity and endemism in the limestone karst-restricted land snail genus Sophina Benson, 1859 from Myanmar (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with description of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12420" volume="58" year="2020">Sutcharit et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.767.1487" author="Pholyotha, A" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 82" refId="B27" refString="Pholyotha, A, Sutcharit, C, Tongkerd, P, Panha, S, 2021b. Systematic revision of the limestone karst-restricted land snail genus Aenigmatoconcha (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with description of a new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 767: 55 - 82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.767.1487" title="Systematic revision of the limestone karst-restricted land snail genus Aenigmatoconcha (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.767.1487" volume="767" year="2021 b">Pholyotha et al. 2021b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
In addition, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pholyotha &amp; Panha" authorityYear="2022" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Burmochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Burmochlamys" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Burmochlamys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. is clearly discriminated from other helicarionid and ariophantid genera with or without shell lobes by the presence of the monocuspid radular teeth (see Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of the morpho-anatomical characteristics of Burmochlamys gen. nov. and the possibly related genera of the Helicarionidae and Ariophantidae in mainland Southeast Asia. References: 1 = this study, 2 = Stoliczka (1871), 3 = Blanford and Godwin-Austen (1908), 4 = van Benthem Jutting (1950), 5 = Solem (1966), 6 = Schileyko (2002), 7 = Schileyko (2003), 8 = Pall-Gergely et al. (2016), 9 = Tanmuangpak et al. (2017), 10 = Pholyotha et al. (2018), 11 = Pholyotha et al. (2020 b), 12 = Pholyotha et al. (2020 c), 13 = Pholyotha et al. (2021 a), 14 = Pholyotha et al. (2021 b), and 15 = Sutcharit et al. (2020)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1522F13CA73C2C435B1AFC2599055978" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="1522F13CA73C2C435B1AFC2599055978">1</tableCitation>
). In comparison, the radular morphology of most genera in these families possess bicuspid, tricuspid, or multicuspid teeth (
<bibRefCitation author="Stoliczka, F" journalOrPublisher="The Veliger" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B32" refString="Stoliczka, F, 1871. Notes on terrestrial Mollusca from the neighbourhood of Moulmein (Tenasserim provinces), with description of new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 40: 143-177, 217-259." title="Notes on terrestrial Mollusca from the neighbourhood of Moulmein (Tenasserim provinces), with description of new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 40: 143 - 177, 217 - 259." year="1871">Stoliczka 1871</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13103" author="Blanford, WT" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B3" refString="Blanford, WT, Godwin-Austen, HH, 1908. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae. Taylor and Francis, London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13103" title="The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13103" year="1908">Blanford and Godwin-Austen 1908</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="van Benthem Jutting, WSS" journalOrPublisher="Treubia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="381 - 505" publicationUrl="http://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/treubia/article/view/2634/2270" refId="B42" refString="van Benthem Jutting, WSS, 1950. Systematic studies on the non-marine Mollusca of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. II Critical revision of the Javanese pulmonate landshells of the families Helicarionidae, Pleurodontidae, Fruticicolidae and Streptaxidae. Treubia 20: 381 - 505, http://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/treubia/article/view/2634/2270" title="Systematic studies on the non-marine Mollusca of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. II Critical revision of the Javanese pulmonate landshells of the families Helicarionidae, Pleurodontidae, Fruticicolidae and Streptaxidae." url="http://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/treubia/article/view/2634/2270" volume="20" year="1950">van Benthem Jutting 1950</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Solem, A" journalOrPublisher="Spolia Zoologia Musei Hauniensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 110" refId="B30" refString="Solem, A, 1966. Some non-marine mollusks from Thailand. Spolia Zoologia Musei Hauniensis 24: 1 - 110" title="Some non-marine mollusks from Thailand." volume="24" year="1966">Solem 1966</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Schileyko, AA" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B28" refString="Schileyko, AA, 2002. Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonated mollusks. Part 9. Helicarionidae, Gymnarionidae, Rhysotinidae, Ariophantidae. Ruthenica (Supplement 2): 1167-1307." title="Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonated mollusks. Part 9. Helicarionidae, Gymnarionidae, Rhysotinidae, Ariophantidae. Ruthenica (Supplement 2): 1167 - 1307." year="2002">Schileyko 2002</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Schileyko, AA" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B29" refString="Schileyko, AA, 2003. Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 10. Ariophantidae, Ostracolethidae, Ryssotidae, Milacidae, Dyakiidae, Staffordiidae, Gastrodontidae, Zonitidae, Daudebardiidae, Parmacellidae. Ruthenica (Supplement 2): 1309-1466." title="Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 10. Ariophantidae, Ostracolethidae, Ryssotidae, Milacidae, Dyakiidae, Staffordiidae, Gastrodontidae, Zonitidae, Daudebardiidae, Parmacellidae. Ruthenica (Supplement 2): 1309 - 1466." year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2016.1234996" author="Pall-Gergely, B" journalOrPublisher="Molluscan Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="113 - 119" refId="B20" refString="Pall-Gergely, B, Feher, Z, Otani, JU, Asami, T, 2016. An integrative taxonomic approach to infer the systematic position of Chalepotaxis Ancey, 1887 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae). Molluscan Research 37 (2): 113 - 119, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2016.1234996" title="An integrative taxonomic approach to infer the systematic position of Chalepotaxis Ancey, 1887 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2016.1234996" volume="37" year="2016">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páll-Gergely">Pall-Gergely</normalizedToken>
et al. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12420" author="Sutcharit, C" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="957 - 981" refId="B34" refString="Sutcharit, C, Jeratthitikul, E, Pholyotha, A, Lin, A, Panha, S, 2020. Molecular phylogeny reveals high diversity and endemism in the limestone karst-restricted land snail genus Sophina Benson, 1859 from Myanmar (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with description of four new species. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 58 (4): 957 - 981, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12420" title="Molecular phylogeny reveals high diversity and endemism in the limestone karst-restricted land snail genus Sophina Benson, 1859 from Myanmar (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with description of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12420" volume="58" year="2020">Sutcharit et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.767.1487" author="Pholyotha, A" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 82" refId="B27" refString="Pholyotha, A, Sutcharit, C, Tongkerd, P, Panha, S, 2021b. Systematic revision of the limestone karst-restricted land snail genus Aenigmatoconcha (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with description of a new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 767: 55 - 82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.767.1487" title="Systematic revision of the limestone karst-restricted land snail genus Aenigmatoconcha (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.767.1487" volume="767" year="2021 b">Pholyotha et al. 2021b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="1522F13CA73C2C435B1AFC2599055978" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1522F13CA73C2C435B1AFC2599055978" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 1.</emphasis>
Comparison of the morpho-anatomical characteristics of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pholyotha &amp; Panha" authorityYear="2022" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Burmochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Burmochlamys" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Burmochlamys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. and the possibly related genera of the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bourguignat" authorityYear="1877" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Helicarionidae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1883" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Ariophantidae</taxonomicName>
in mainland Southeast Asia. References: 1 = this study, 2 = 
<bibRefCitation author="Stoliczka, F" journalOrPublisher="The Veliger" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B32" refString="Stoliczka, F, 1871. Notes on terrestrial Mollusca from the neighbourhood of Moulmein (Tenasserim provinces), with description of new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 40: 143-177, 217-259." title="Notes on terrestrial Mollusca from the neighbourhood of Moulmein (Tenasserim provinces), with description of new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 40: 143 - 177, 217 - 259." year="1871">Stoliczka (1871)</bibRefCitation>
, 3 = 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13103" author="Blanford, WT" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B3" refString="Blanford, WT, Godwin-Austen, HH, 1908. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae. Taylor and Francis, London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13103" title="The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13103" year="1908">Blanford and Godwin-Austen (1908)</bibRefCitation>
, 4 = 
<bibRefCitation author="van Benthem Jutting, WSS" journalOrPublisher="Treubia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="381 - 505" publicationUrl="http://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/treubia/article/view/2634/2270" refId="B42" refString="van Benthem Jutting, WSS, 1950. Systematic studies on the non-marine Mollusca of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. II Critical revision of the Javanese pulmonate landshells of the families Helicarionidae, Pleurodontidae, Fruticicolidae and Streptaxidae. Treubia 20: 381 - 505, http://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/treubia/article/view/2634/2270" title="Systematic studies on the non-marine Mollusca of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. II Critical revision of the Javanese pulmonate landshells of the families Helicarionidae, Pleurodontidae, Fruticicolidae and Streptaxidae." url="http://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/treubia/article/view/2634/2270" volume="20" year="1950">van Benthem Jutting (1950)</bibRefCitation>
, 5 = 
<bibRefCitation author="Solem, A" journalOrPublisher="Spolia Zoologia Musei Hauniensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 110" refId="B30" refString="Solem, A, 1966. Some non-marine mollusks from Thailand. Spolia Zoologia Musei Hauniensis 24: 1 - 110" title="Some non-marine mollusks from Thailand." volume="24" year="1966">Solem (1966)</bibRefCitation>
, 6 = 
<bibRefCitation author="Schileyko, AA" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B28" refString="Schileyko, AA, 2002. Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonated mollusks. Part 9. Helicarionidae, Gymnarionidae, Rhysotinidae, Ariophantidae. Ruthenica (Supplement 2): 1167-1307." title="Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonated mollusks. Part 9. Helicarionidae, Gymnarionidae, Rhysotinidae, Ariophantidae. Ruthenica (Supplement 2): 1167 - 1307." year="2002">Schileyko (2002)</bibRefCitation>
, 7 = 
<bibRefCitation author="Schileyko, AA" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B29" refString="Schileyko, AA, 2003. Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 10. Ariophantidae, Ostracolethidae, Ryssotidae, Milacidae, Dyakiidae, Staffordiidae, Gastrodontidae, Zonitidae, Daudebardiidae, Parmacellidae. Ruthenica (Supplement 2): 1309-1466." title="Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 10. Ariophantidae, Ostracolethidae, Ryssotidae, Milacidae, Dyakiidae, Staffordiidae, Gastrodontidae, Zonitidae, Daudebardiidae, Parmacellidae. Ruthenica (Supplement 2): 1309 - 1466." year="2003">Schileyko (2003)</bibRefCitation>
, 8 = 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2016.1234996" author="Pall-Gergely, B" journalOrPublisher="Molluscan Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="113 - 119" refId="B20" refString="Pall-Gergely, B, Feher, Z, Otani, JU, Asami, T, 2016. An integrative taxonomic approach to infer the systematic position of Chalepotaxis Ancey, 1887 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae). Molluscan Research 37 (2): 113 - 119, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2016.1234996" title="An integrative taxonomic approach to infer the systematic position of Chalepotaxis Ancey, 1887 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2016.1234996" volume="37" year="2016">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páll-Gergely">Pall-Gergely</normalizedToken>
et al. (2016)
</bibRefCitation>
, 9 = 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2016.1155431" author="Tanmuangpak, K" journalOrPublisher="Molluscan Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 7" refId="B36" refString="Tanmuangpak, K, Tumpeesuwan, C, Tumpeesuwan, S, 2017. A new species of Sesara Albers, 1860 from northeastern Thailand (Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae). Molluscan Research 37 (1): 1 - 7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2016.1155431" title="A new species of Sesara Albers, 1860 from northeastern Thailand (Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2016.1155431" volume="37" year="2017">Tanmuangpak et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
, 10 = 
<bibRefCitation author="Pholyotha, A" journalOrPublisher="The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="763 - 781" refId="B22" refString="Pholyotha, A, Sutcharit, C, Panha, S, 2018. The land snail genus Macrochlamys Gray, 1847 from Thailand, with descriptions of five new species (Pulmonata: Ariophantidae). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 763 - 781" title="The land snail genus Macrochlamys Gray, 1847 from Thailand, with descriptions of five new species (Pulmonata: Ariophantidae)." volume="66" year="2018">Pholyotha et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
, 11 = 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2020.1723041" author="Pholyotha, A" journalOrPublisher="Molluscan Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="183 - 204" refId="B24" refString="Pholyotha, A, Sutcharit, C, Tongkerd, P, Lin, A, Panha, S, 2020b. Taxonomic revision of the land snail genera Macrochlamys Gray, 1847 and Sarika Godwin-Austen, 1907 (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae) from Southeastern Myanmar, with descriptions of three new species. Molluscan Research 40 (2): 183 - 204, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2020.1723041" title="Taxonomic revision of the land snail genera Macrochlamys Gray, 1847 and Sarika Godwin-Austen, 1907 (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae) from Southeastern Myanmar, with descriptions of three new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2020.1723041" volume="40" year="2020 b">Pholyotha et al. (2020b)</bibRefCitation>
, 12 = 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.976.53859" author="Pholyotha, A" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 100" refId="B25" refString="Pholyotha, A, Sutcharit, C, Tongkerd, P, Panha, S, 2020c. Integrative taxonomic revision of the land snail genus Sarika Godwin-Austen, 1907 in Thailand, with descriptions of nine new species (Eupulmonata, Ariophantidae). ZooKeys 976: 1 - 100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.976.53859" title="Integrative taxonomic revision of the land snail genus Sarika Godwin-Austen, 1907 in Thailand, with descriptions of nine new species (Eupulmonata, Ariophantidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.976.53859" volume="976" year="2020 c">Pholyotha et al. (2020c)</bibRefCitation>
, 13 = 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-BJA10013" author="Pholyotha, A" journalOrPublisher="Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="21 - 69" refId="B26" refString="Pholyotha, A, Sutcharit, C, Tongkerd, P, Jeratthitikul, E, Panha, S, 2021a. Integrative systematics reveals the new land-snail genus Taphrenalla (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae) with a description of nine new species from Thailand. Contributions to Zoology 90 (1): 21 - 69, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-BJA10013" title="Integrative systematics reveals the new land-snail genus Taphrenalla (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae) with a description of nine new species from Thailand." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-BJA10013" volume="90" year="2021 a">Pholyotha et al. (2021a)</bibRefCitation>
, 14 = 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.767.1487" author="Pholyotha, A" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 82" refId="B27" refString="Pholyotha, A, Sutcharit, C, Tongkerd, P, Panha, S, 2021b. Systematic revision of the limestone karst-restricted land snail genus Aenigmatoconcha (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with description of a new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 767: 55 - 82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.767.1487" title="Systematic revision of the limestone karst-restricted land snail genus Aenigmatoconcha (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.767.1487" volume="767" year="2021 b">Pholyotha et al. (2021b)</bibRefCitation>
, and 15 = 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12420" author="Sutcharit, C" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="957 - 981" refId="B34" refString="Sutcharit, C, Jeratthitikul, E, Pholyotha, A, Lin, A, Panha, S, 2020. Molecular phylogeny reveals high diversity and endemism in the limestone karst-restricted land snail genus Sophina Benson, 1859 from Myanmar (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with description of four new species. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 58 (4): 957 - 981, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12420" title="Molecular phylogeny reveals high diversity and endemism in the limestone karst-restricted land snail genus Sophina Benson, 1859 from Myanmar (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with description of four new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12420" volume="58" year="2020">Sutcharit et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Shell size (diameter)</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Periphery</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Shell lobe</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Radula" order="Porellales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">Radula</taxonomicName>
teeth
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Epiphallic caecum</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Flagellum</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Dart apparatus</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Ref.</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Family 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1883" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Ariophantidae</taxonomicName>
Godwin-Austen, 1883
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1899" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Khasiella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Khasiella" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Khasiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Godwin-Austen, 1899 (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hanley &amp; Theobald" authorityYear="1876" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix vidua" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vidua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helix vidua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hanley &amp; Theobald, 1876)
</emphasis>
*
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">small to medium</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">keeled or subangulate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">short, slightly extended</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">central tricuspid, lateral tricuspid, marginal bicuspid</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">free bent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3,6</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1847" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Macrochlamys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrochlamys" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Macrochlamys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gray, 1847 (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Deshayes" authorityYear="1831" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix vitrinoides" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vitrinoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helix vitrinoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Deshayes, 1831)
</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">small to large</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">round or anglulate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">moderate to long, slender</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">central tricuspid, lateral tricuspid, marginal bicuspid</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">coiled</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3, 7, 10, 11</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1872" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Microcystina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microcystina" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microcystina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mörch">Moerch</normalizedToken>
, 1872 (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1872" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Nanina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanina rinki" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rinki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nanina rinki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mörch">Moerch</normalizedToken>
, 1872)
</emphasis>
*
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">small</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">round</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">short to moderate, slender</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">central tricuspid, laterals tricuspid, marginals bicuspid</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">present1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3, 4, 7</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1908" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sakiella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sakiella" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sakiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Godwin-Austen, 1908 (
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. A. Gould" authorityYear="1846" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix honesta" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="honesta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helix honesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gould, 1846)
</emphasis>
*
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">medium</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">subangulate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">moderate, slender</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">central tricuspid, lateral tricuspid, marginal bicuspid</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">n.a.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">n.a.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2, 3, 7</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1907" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarika" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sarika</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Godwin-Austen, 1907 (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1847" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix resplendens" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="resplendens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helix resplendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Philippi, 1847)
</emphasis>
*
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">medium to large</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">round or angulate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">moderate to long, slender</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">central tricuspid, lateral tricuspid, marginal bicuspid</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">straight</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3, 11, 6, 12</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Albers" authorityYear="1860" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sesara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sesara" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sesara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Albers, 1860 (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gould" authorityYear="1843" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix infrendens" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="infrendens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helix infrendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gould, 1843)
</emphasis>
*
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">small to medium</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">round, angulate, or carinate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">central tricuspid, lateral tricuspid, marginal bicuspid</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">straight2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2, 3, 5, 6, 9</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pholyotha &amp; Panha" authorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Taphrenalla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taphrenalla" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taphrenalla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pholyotha &amp; Panha, 2020 (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Nanina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanina diadema" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diadema">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nanina diadema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dall, 1897)
</emphasis>
*
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">medium to large</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">round</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">long, slender</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">central tricuspid, lateral tricuspid, marginal bicuspid</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">straight to little bent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">13</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. T. Blanford" authorityYear="1904" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Taphrospira" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taphrospira" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taphrospira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Blanford, 1904 (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1856" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix convallata" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="convallata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helix convallata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Benson, 1856)
</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">medium</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">round</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">long and fairly broad, covering partially</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">central tricuspid, laterals tricuspid, marginals bicuspid</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">straight</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3, 6</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Family 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bourguignat" authorityYear="1877" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Helicarionidae</taxonomicName>
Bourguignat, 1877
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Tumpeesuwan &amp; S. Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aenigmatoconcha" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aenigmatoconcha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, 2017 (
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Tumpeesuwan &amp; S. Tumpeesuwan" authorityYear="2017" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Aenigmatoconcha" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aenigmatoconcha clivicola" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clivicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aenigmatoconcha clivicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tumpeesuwan &amp; Tumpeesuwan, 2017)
</emphasis>
*
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">medium</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">round</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">long, broad, enlarged and covering most of shell</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">central monocuspid, lateromarginal monocuspid</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">straight</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">14</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ancey" authorityYear="1887" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Chalepotaxis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalepotaxis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chalepotaxis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ancey, 1887 (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gredler" authorityYear="1881" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix similaris subsp. var. var. infantilis" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="similaris" subSpecies="var." variety="infantilis">Helix similaris var. infantilis</taxonomicName>
Gredler, 1881)
</emphasis>
*
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">small to medium</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">round</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">long, broad, enlarged and covering most of shell</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">central monocuspid, lateromarginal monocuspid</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">straight</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1891" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Cryptaustenia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptaustenia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptaustenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cockerell, 1891 (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1859" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vitrina planospira" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="planospira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vitrina planospira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Benson, 1859 (= 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1862" class="Gastropoda" family="Vitrinidae" genus="Vitrina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vitrina succina" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="succina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vitrina succina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Reeve, 1862))
</emphasis>
*
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">small to medium</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">round</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">long, broad, enlarged and covering most of shell</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">central tricuspid, lateral bi- or tricuspid, marginal bicuspid</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">present3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3, 5, 7</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. T. Blanford" authorityYear="1863" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Durgella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Durgella" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Durgella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Blanford, 1863 (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1859" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix levicula" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="levicula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helix levicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Benson, 1859)
</emphasis>
*
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">small to medium</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">round</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">long, broad, enlarged and covering most of shell</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">central unicuspid, lateromarginal teeth bicuspid with numerous cusps on the outer side</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">straight</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">present4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3, 5, 6</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1908" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Holkeion" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holkeion" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holkeion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Godwin-Austen, 1908 (
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix anceps" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="anceps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helix anceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gould, 1843)
</emphasis>
*
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">medium to large</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">sharply angulate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">short to moderate, slender</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">central tricuspid, lateral tricuspid, marginal bicuspid</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3,7</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Adams" authorityYear="1865" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Sitala" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sitala" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sitala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Adams, 1865 (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1848" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix infula" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="infula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helix infula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Benson, 1848)
</emphasis>
*
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">small to medium</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">subangulate or carinate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">short, slightly extended</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">central tricuspid, lateromarginal teeth pointed with 2-5 cusps on the outer side</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">straight</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">absent5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2,3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sophina</emphasis>
Benson, 1859 (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1859" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix schistostelis" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schistostelis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helix schistostelis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Benson, 1859)
</emphasis>
*
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">small to medium</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">round</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">long, broad, enlarged and covering most of shell</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">central monocuspid, lateromarginal monocuspid</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">straight</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2,3,15</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pholyotha &amp; Panha" authorityYear="2022" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Burmochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Burmochlamys" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Burmochlamys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. nov. (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pholyotha &amp; Panha" authorityYear="2022" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Burmochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Burmochlamys fasciola" order="Eupulmonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fasciola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Burmochlamys fasciola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.)
</emphasis>
*
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">small</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">round</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">short to moderate, slender</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">central monocuspid, lateromarginal monocuspid</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">straight</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<tableNote pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
* Genitalia of the type species were examined. 1 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1899" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Microcystina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microcystina bintennensis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bintennensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Microcystina bintennensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Godwin-Austen, 1899 does not have dart apparatus (see 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13103" author="Blanford, WT" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B3" refString="Blanford, WT, Godwin-Austen, HH, 1908. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae. Taylor and Francis, London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13103" title="The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13103" year="1908">Blanford and Godwin-Austen 1908</bibRefCitation>
). 2 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Solem" authorityYear="1966" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sesara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sesara parva" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sesara parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Solem, 1966 has a spirally coiled epiphallic caecum (
<bibRefCitation author="Solem, A" journalOrPublisher="Spolia Zoologia Musei Hauniensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 110" refId="B30" refString="Solem, A, 1966. Some non-marine mollusks from Thailand. Spolia Zoologia Musei Hauniensis 24: 1 - 110" title="Some non-marine mollusks from Thailand." volume="24" year="1966">Solem 1966</bibRefCitation>
). 3 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Solem" authorityYear="1966" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Cryptaustenia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptaustenia gadinodromica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gadinodromica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptaustenia gadinodromica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Solem, 1966 does not have dart apparatus (
<bibRefCitation author="Solem, A" journalOrPublisher="Spolia Zoologia Musei Hauniensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 110" refId="B30" refString="Solem, A, 1966. Some non-marine mollusks from Thailand. Spolia Zoologia Musei Hauniensis 24: 1 - 110" title="Some non-marine mollusks from Thailand." volume="24" year="1966">Solem 1966</bibRefCitation>
). 4 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gondwin-Austen" authorityYear="1881" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Durgella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Durgella assamica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="assamica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Durgella assamica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Godwin-Austen, 1881 and 
<taxonomicName genus="D." lsidName="D. rogersi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rogersi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. rogersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Godwin-Austen, 1907 do not have dart apparatus (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13103" author="Blanford, WT" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B3" refString="Blanford, WT, Godwin-Austen, HH, 1908. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae. Taylor and Francis, London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13103" title="The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13103" year="1908">Blanford and Godwin-Austen 1908</bibRefCitation>
). 5 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Sitala" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sitala attegia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="attegia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sitala attegia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Benson, 1859) has a well-developed dart apparatus (
<bibRefCitation author="Stoliczka, F" journalOrPublisher="The Veliger" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B32" refString="Stoliczka, F, 1871. Notes on terrestrial Mollusca from the neighbourhood of Moulmein (Tenasserim provinces), with description of new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 40: 143-177, 217-259." title="Notes on terrestrial Mollusca from the neighbourhood of Moulmein (Tenasserim provinces), with description of new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 40: 143 - 177, 217 - 259." year="1871">Stoliczka 1871</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13103" author="Blanford, WT" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B3" refString="Blanford, WT, Godwin-Austen, HH, 1908. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae. Taylor and Francis, London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13103" title="The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13103" year="1908">Blanford and Godwin-Austen 1908</bibRefCitation>
).
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
As observed in the field, we searched after rain and found the snails climbing on the limestone walls or hiding under the slope of rocks (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A adult of B. moulmeinica sp. nov. while climbing slowly on the karst wall after raining at Lun Nya Pagoda B mating pairs of B. versicolor sp. nov. on the karst wall at Bayin Nyi Cave C B. versicolor sp. nov. eaten by the carnivorous snail Carinartemis sp. on the karst wall at Bayin Nyi Cave D B. cassidula eaten by the carnivorous snail Haploptychius sp. on the karst wall at Kaw Gon Cave." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1110.82461.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709570" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A</figureCitation>
). Regarding the simultaneous hermaphroditism, many copulating pairs were also discovered (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A adult of B. moulmeinica sp. nov. while climbing slowly on the karst wall after raining at Lun Nya Pagoda B mating pairs of B. versicolor sp. nov. on the karst wall at Bayin Nyi Cave C B. versicolor sp. nov. eaten by the carnivorous snail Carinartemis sp. on the karst wall at Bayin Nyi Cave D B. cassidula eaten by the carnivorous snail Haploptychius sp. on the karst wall at Kaw Gon Cave." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1110.82461.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709570" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4B</figureCitation>
). Information on its natural predators and parasites remains scarce, but the carnivorous streptaxid snails were found sympatrically in some localities (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A adult of B. moulmeinica sp. nov. while climbing slowly on the karst wall after raining at Lun Nya Pagoda B mating pairs of B. versicolor sp. nov. on the karst wall at Bayin Nyi Cave C B. versicolor sp. nov. eaten by the carnivorous snail Carinartemis sp. on the karst wall at Bayin Nyi Cave D B. cassidula eaten by the carnivorous snail Haploptychius sp. on the karst wall at Kaw Gon Cave." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1110.82461.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709570" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4C, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1110.82461.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/709570" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
adult of 
<taxonomicName genus="B." lsidName="B. moulmeinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="moulmeinica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. moulmeinica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. while climbing slowly on the karst wall after raining at Lun Nya Pagoda 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
mating pairs of 
<taxonomicName genus="B." lsidName="B. versicolor" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="versicolor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. versicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. on the karst wall at Bayin Nyi Cave 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="B." lsidName="B. versicolor" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="versicolor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. versicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. eaten by the carnivorous snail 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Siriboon &amp; Panha" authorityYear="2014" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Carinartemis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carinartemis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Carinartemis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. on the karst wall at Bayin Nyi Cave 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName genus="B." lsidName="B. cassidula" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cassidula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. cassidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
eaten by the carnivorous snail 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1905" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Haploptychius" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploptychius" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haploptychius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. on the karst wall at Kaw Gon Cave.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>