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<document id="B7C31B5401EE513EBE9E28EE9957ACDF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.210789" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d57af01f-0619-4880-ada2-2a1b3d8f440c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="210789" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460493293758" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mlíkovský, Ji Ř Í" docDate="2012" docId="985AE765E140FF81FF58FAB6D431FE01" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03356p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3356" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Larus canus subsp. major Middendorff 1853" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="66" masterDocId="64639F1DE140FF80FFCFFFF8D163FFA0" masterDocTitle="Nomenclatural notes on the East Asian form of the Mew Gull Larus canus Linnaeus, 1758 (Aves: Laridae)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1698310522242" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A12BD95EDE231058C4AFA51DB634360D">Nomenclatural notes on the East Asian form of the Mew Gull Larus canus Linnaeus, 1758 (Aves: Laridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3B23419BC9007C8FDB06F0DA08ACD90B">Mlíkovský, Ji Ř Í</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="644FC4A93EC9A3AF1824B5647258FC2A">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="985AE765E140FF81FF58FAB6D431FE01" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6167424" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119520226" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6167424" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:985AE765E140FF81FF58FAB6D431FE01" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/985AE765E140FF81FF58FAB6D431FE01" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<paragraph id="104C5673E140FF80FF58FAB6D30DFAC8" blockId="0.[151,622,1358,1384]" box="[151,622,1358,1384]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
<heading id="4B04E11FE140FF80FF58FAB6D30DFAC8" bold="true" box="[151,622,1358,1384]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FF58FAB6D30DFAC8" authority="Middendorff, 1853" authorityName="Middendorff" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,622,1358,1384]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="canus" subSpecies="major">
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FF58FAB6D30DFAC8" bold="true" box="[151,622,1358,1384]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FF58FAB6D01EFAC8" bold="true" box="[151,381,1358,1384]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Larus canus major</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E140FF80FE4CFAB6D30DFAC8" author="Middendorff" box="[387,622,1358,1384]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Middendorff, A. T. von (1853) Reise in den Aussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens wahrend der Jahre 1843 und 1844 mit Allerhochster Genehmigung auf Veranstaltung der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg Ausgefuhrt. Vol. 2 (2). Saugethiere, Vogel und Amphibien. Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, St. Petersburg, 255 pp." type="book" year="1853">Middendorff, 1853</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="104C5673E140FF80FF58FA6CD54CF960" blockId="0.[151,1436,1428,2006]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E140FF80FF58FA6CD0CFFA0B" author="Middendorff" box="[151,428,1428,1451]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Middendorff, A. T. von (1853) Reise in den Aussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens wahrend der Jahre 1843 und 1844 mit Allerhochster Genehmigung auf Veranstaltung der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg Ausgefuhrt. Vol. 2 (2). Saugethiere, Vogel und Amphibien. Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, St. Petersburg, 255 pp." type="book" year="1853">Middendorff (1853: 243)</bibRefCitation>
described this form as
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FD73FA6CD227FA0B" box="[700,836,1428,1451]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canus">
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FD73FA6CD227FA0B" box="[700,836,1428,1451]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Larus canus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FC9FFA6CD2A2FA0B" box="[848,961,1428,1451]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="canus" variety="major">
var.
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FC4DFA6CD2A2FA0B" box="[898,961,1428,1451]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of birds recorded by him in
<quantity id="D70BFB96E140FF80FF58FA4FD04DFA6E" box="[151,302,1463,1486]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.68249" metricValueMax="4.68376" metricValueMin="4.68122" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" unit="in" value="1843.5" valueMax="1844.0" valueMin="1843.0">
<date id="644D70B3E140FF80FF58FA4FD06DFA6E" box="[151,270,1463,1486]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" value="1843" valueMax="1844">1843–1844</date>
in
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the Stanovoy Mountains and at Okhotsk Sea.
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E140FF80FCF8FA4FD54BFA6E" author="Brodkorb" box="[823,1064,1463,1486]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Brodkorb, P. (1936) Ein neuer Name fur Larus canus major Middendorff. Ornithologische Monatsberichte, 44, 122." type="journal article" year="1936">Brodkorb (1936: 122)</bibRefCitation>
restricted the
<typeStatus id="CF48E8D1E140FF80FB05FA4FD59BFA6E" box="[1226,1272,1463,1486]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus>
locality to the western slopes of Stanovoy Mountains and suggested that
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FCC1FA22D5CCFA50" authority="Middendorff, 1853" authorityName="Middendorff" authorityYear="1853" box="[782,1199,1497,1521]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="canus" subSpecies="major">
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FCC1FA22D2B9FA51" box="[782,986,1498,1521]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Larus canus major</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E140FF80FC2EFA21D5CCFA50" author="Middendorff" box="[993,1199,1497,1520]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Middendorff, A. T. von (1853) Reise in den Aussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens wahrend der Jahre 1843 und 1844 mit Allerhochster Genehmigung auf Veranstaltung der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg Ausgefuhrt. Vol. 2 (2). Saugethiere, Vogel und Amphibien. Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, St. Petersburg, 255 pp." type="book" year="1853">Middendorff, 1853</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, is a junior secondary homonym of
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FEE5FA04D0B3F9B3" box="[298,464,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
Laroides
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FE5FFA04D0B3F9B3" authority="C.L. Brehm (1831: 738)" authorityName="C.L. Brehm" authorityPageNumber="738" authorityYear="1831" box="[400,464,1532,1555]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E140FF80FE17FA04D3BCF9B3" author="Brehm" box="[472,735,1532,1555]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Brehm, C. L. (1831) Handbuch der Naturgeschichte aller Vogel Deutschlands. Bernh. Friedr. Voigt, Ilmenau, xxiv + 1088 pp." type="book" year="1831">C.L. Brehm (1831: 738)</bibRefCitation>
=
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FD31FA04D5B3F9B3" authority="Pontoppidan (1763: 622)" authorityName="Pontoppidan" authorityPageNumber="622" authorityYear="1763" box="[766,1232,1532,1555]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentatus">
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FD31FA04D2D5F9B3" box="[766,950,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Larus argentatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E140FF80FC71FA04D5B3F9B3" author="Pontoppidan" box="[958,1232,1532,1555]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Pontoppidan, E. (1763) Den Danske Atlas eller Konge-Riget Dannemark. Vol. 1. A. H. Godiche, Kiobenhavn, [4] + xliv + 724 pp." type="book" year="1763">Pontoppidan (1763: 622)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. To the best of my knowledge, C.L. Brehm's
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FE7FF9E7D335F996" box="[432,598,1567,1590]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
Laroides
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FDD9F9E7D335F996" box="[534,598,1567,1590]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
has never been &quot;published in combination with the same generic name&quot; (Art. 53.3 of the Code), i.e.
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FE49F9BAD3D0F9F8" authority="Linnaeus (1758: 136)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="136" authorityYear="1758" box="[390,691,1601,1625]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FE49F9BAD0A7F9F9" box="[390,452,1602,1625]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Larus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E140FF80FE04F9B9D3D0F9F8" author="Linnaeus" box="[459,691,1601,1624]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. Vo l. 1. 1 0 th rev. ed. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus (1758: 136)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Ridgway’s (1919: 580) incorrect statement that
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E140FF80FB75F9B9D4FFF9F8" author="Gray" box="[1210,1436,1601,1624]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Gray, G. R. (1840) A List of the Genera of Birds, with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. Richard &amp; John E. Taylor, [London], viii + ii + 80 pp." type="book" year="1840">G.R. Gray (1840: 78)</bibRefCitation>
designated
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FEDEF99CD342F9DB" authority="C.L. Brehm" authorityName="C.L. Brehm" box="[273,545,1636,1659]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FEDEF99CD0FBF9DB" box="[273,408,1636,1659]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Larus major</emphasis>
C.L. Brehm
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="CF48E8D1E140FF80FDBEF99CD3FCF9DB" box="[625,671,1636,1659]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FC43F99CD289F9DB" box="[908,1002,1636,1659]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Laroides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E140FF80FC3CF99CD448F9DB" author="Brehm" box="[1011,1323,1636,1659]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Brehm, C. L. (1830) Beschlu der Uebersicht der deutschen Vogel. [Oken's] Isis, 23, col. 985 - 1013." type="journal article" year="1830">C.L. Brehm (1830: col. 993)</bibRefCitation>
cannot be understood as a transfer of C.L. Brehm’s
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FD9BF97FD3F0F93E" box="[596,659,1671,1694]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FD9BF97FD3F0F93E" box="[596,659,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the genus
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FCEBF97FD201F93E" box="[804,866,1671,1694]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FCEBF97FD201F93E" box="[804,866,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Larus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E140FF80FCBEF97FD588F93E" author="Gray" box="[881,1259,1671,1694]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Gray, G. R. (1840) A List of the Genera of Birds, with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. Richard &amp; John E. Taylor, [London], viii + ii + 80 pp." type="book" year="1840">
G.R. Gray 1840: 78 wrote
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FB40F97FD588F93E" box="[1167,1259,1671,1694]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FB40F97FD588F93E" box="[1167,1259,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">L. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</bibRefCitation>
).Thus,
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FAF1F97FD1B4F961" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
Laroides
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FF58F952D1B4F961" authority="C.L. Brehm" authorityName="C.L. Brehm" box="[151,215,1706,1729]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
C.L. Brehm and
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FE40F952D38BF960" authority="Middendorff" authorityName="Middendorff" box="[399,744,1705,1729]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="canus" subSpecies="major">
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FE40F952D33AF961" box="[399,601,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Larus canus major</emphasis>
Middendorff
</taxonomicName>
are not secondary homonyms.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="104C5673E140FF80FF08F934D5D0F876" blockId="0.[151,1436,1428,2006]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
However,
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E140FF80FEF8F934D37EF943" author="Forster" box="[311,541,1740,1763]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Forster, T. (1817) A Synoptical Catalogue of British Birds; Intended to Identify the Species Mentioned by Different Names in Several Catalogues Already Extant. Nichols, Son, and Bentley, London, iv + 64 pp." type="book" year="1817">T. Forster (1817: 32)</bibRefCitation>
arbitrarily replaced bird names then in use by earlier “classical names, including
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FF58F917D34AF8A6" authority="Linnaeus (1758: 136)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="136" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,553,1775,1798]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atricilla">
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FF58F917D057F8A6" box="[151,308,1775,1798]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Larus atricilla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E140FF80FEF2F917D34AF8A6" author="Linnaeus" box="[317,553,1775,1798]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. Vo l. 1. 1 0 th rev. ed. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus (1758: 136)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FDA5F917D23BF8A6" authority="Baltneri." authorityName="Baltneri." box="[618,856,1775,1798]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FDA5F917D391F8A6" box="[618,754,1775,1798]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Larus major</emphasis>
Baltneri.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FCAEF917D524F8A6" authority="Baltneri" authorityName="Baltneri" box="[865,1095,1775,1798]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FCAEF917D284F8A6" box="[865,999,1775,1798]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Larus major</emphasis>
Baltneri
</taxonomicName>
is not a trinomial, because the words mean in Latin
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FE45F8EAD370F889" box="[394,531,1810,1833]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FE45F8EAD370F889" box="[394,531,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Larus major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of Baltner. Leonard Baldner's (or Baltner's, as his name was sometimes spelled) manuscript from 1666 was published much later by
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E140FF80FD09F8CCD2EEF8EB" author="Lauterborn" box="[710,909,1844,1867]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Lauterborn, A. (Ed, 1903) Das Vogel- Fisch- und Tierbuch des Strassburger Fischers Leonard Baldner aus dem Jahre 1666. August Lauterborn, Ludwigshafen a. Rh., lxvi + 177 pp." type="book" year="1903">Lauterborn (1903)</bibRefCitation>
, but
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E140FF80FC0DF8CCD5DBF8EB" author="Willughby" box="[962,1208,1844,1867]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Willughby, F. [Willughbeius F.] (1676) Ornithologiae Libri Tres. Joannis Martyn, London, viii + 312 pp." type="book" year="1676">Willughby (1676: 263)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E140FF80FB23F8CCD4FFF8EB" author="Ray" box="[1260,1436,1844,1867]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Ray, J. [Raius J.] (1713) Synopsis Methodica Avium. Gulielmus Innys, London, [2] + 198 + [20] pp." type="journal article" year="1713">Ray (1713: 129)</bibRefCitation>
have referred to
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FE86F8AFD0ADF8CE" box="[329,462,1879,1902]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FE86F8AFD0ADF8CE" box="[329,462,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Larus major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of Baldner, and one or both of the latter works were presumably the source of T. Forster's information.
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FEEDF882D336F830" authority="T. Forster, 1817" authorityName="T. Forster" authorityYear="1817" box="[290,597,1913,1937]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FEEDF882D0C5F831" box="[290,422,1914,1937]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Larus major</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E140FF80FE62F881D336F830" author="Forster" box="[429,597,1913,1936]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Forster, T. (1817) A Synoptical Catalogue of British Birds; Intended to Identify the Species Mentioned by Different Names in Several Catalogues Already Extant. Nichols, Son, and Bentley, London, iv + 64 pp." type="book" year="1817">T. Forster, 1817</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is available for the purposes of zoological nomenclature as a new replacement name for
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FF31F864D332F813" authority="Linnaeus (1758)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[254,593,1948,1971]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atricilla">
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FF31F864D0F9F813" box="[254,410,1948,1971]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Larus atricilla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E140FF80FE6EF864D332F813" author="Linnaeus" box="[417,593,1948,1971]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. Vo l. 1. 1 0 th rev. ed. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus (1758)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and lies in its synonymy.
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FCA5F864D28EF813" box="[874,1005,1948,1971]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canus">
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FCA5F864D28EF813" box="[874,1005,1948,1971]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Larus canus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FC3BF864D45BF813" authority="Middendorff, 1853" authorityName="Middendorff" authorityYear="1853" box="[1012,1336,1948,1971]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="canus" variety="major">
var.
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FBEBF864D500F813" box="[1060,1123,1948,1971]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">major</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E140FF80FBA5F864D45BF813" author="Middendorff" box="[1130,1336,1948,1971]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Middendorff, A. T. von (1853) Reise in den Aussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens wahrend der Jahre 1843 und 1844 mit Allerhochster Genehmigung auf Veranstaltung der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg Ausgefuhrt. Vol. 2 (2). Saugethiere, Vogel und Amphibien. Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, St. Petersburg, 255 pp." type="book" year="1853">Middendorff, 1853</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, is thus a junior primary homonym of
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E140FF80FE07F847D39EF876" authority="T. Forster, 1817" authorityName="T. Forster" authorityYear="1817" box="[456,765,1983,2006]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="22878A61E140FF80FE07F847D32EF876" box="[456,589,1983,2006]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Larus major</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E140FF80FD9CF847D39EF876" author="Forster" box="[595,765,1983,2006]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refString="Forster, T. (1817) A Synoptical Catalogue of British Birds; Intended to Identify the Species Mentioned by Different Names in Several Catalogues Already Extant. Nichols, Son, and Bentley, London, iv + 64 pp." type="book" year="1817">T. Forster, 1817</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and unavailable (Art. 57.2 of the Code).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="104C5673E141FF81FF08FF60D5C9FF54" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,417]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E141FF81FF08FF60D0D0FF0F" author="Linnaeus" box="[199,435,152,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. Vo l. 1. 1 0 th rev. ed. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus (1758: 136)</bibRefCitation>
based his
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E141FF81FDE4FF60D3AAFF0F" box="[555,713,152,175]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atricilla">
<emphasis id="22878A61E141FF81FDE4FF60D3AAFF0F" box="[555,713,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Larus atricilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
upon
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E141FF81FCDEFF60D520FF0F" authority="Catesby" authorityName="Catesby" authorityYear="1731" box="[785,1091,152,175]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="22878A61E141FF81FCDEFF60D2F4FF0F" box="[785,919,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Larus major</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E141FF81FC6DFF60D520FF0F" author="Catesby" box="[930,1091,152,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Catesby, M. (1731) The Natural history of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands - Histoire Naturelle de la Caroline, la Floride, &amp; les Isles Bahama. Vol. 1. [The Author], London, xii + 100 + 21 pp." type="book" year="1731">Catesby (1731</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: 89, 1754: 89), which is a pre- Linnaean name without standing in zoological nomenclature. Note that also names contained in post-1757 editions of
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E141FF81FF58FF25D059FF54" author="Catesby" box="[151,314,221,244]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Catesby, M. (1731) The Natural history of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands - Histoire Naturelle de la Caroline, la Floride, &amp; les Isles Bahama. Vol. 1. [The Author], London, xii + 100 + 21 pp." type="book" year="1731">Catesby (1731)</bibRefCitation>
are not available for the purposes of zoological nomenclature (ICZN 1925, 1954).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="104C5673E141FF81FF08FEF8D431FE01" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,417]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
&quot;
<emphasis id="22878A61E141FF81FF1DFEF8D0B4FEB7" box="[210,471,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Gavina kamtchatchensis</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="22878A61E141FF81FE11FEF8D3FBFEB7" box="[478,664,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">kamtschatchensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E141FF81FD6FFEF8D231FEB7" author="Bonaparte" box="[672,850,256,279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Bonaparte, C. - L. (1854) Notes sur les Larides. Naumannia, 4, 209 - 219." type="journal article" year="1854">Bonaparte, 1854</bibRefCitation>
&quot; and &quot;
<emphasis id="22878A61E141FF81FC56FEF8D284FEB7" box="[921,999,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Gavina</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E141FF81FC21FEF8D40EFEB7" authority="Bonaparte, 1855" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1855" box="[1006,1389,256,279]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kamtschatschensis">
<emphasis id="22878A61E141FF81FC21FEF8D5D0FEB7" box="[1006,1203,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">kamtschatschensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E141FF81FB75FEF8D40EFEB7" author="Bonaparte" box="[1210,1389,256,279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Bonaparte, C. - L. (1855) Notes sur les Larides. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee, (2) 7, 12 - 21." type="journal article" year="1855">Bonaparte, 1855</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E141FF81FF58FEDAD031FE99" author="Bonaparte" box="[151,338,290,313]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Bonaparte, C. - L. (1854) Notes sur les Larides. Naumannia, 4, 209 - 219." type="journal article" year="1854">Bonaparte (1854)</bibRefCitation>
listed
<emphasis id="22878A61E141FF81FE58FEDAD3FEFE99" box="[407,669,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Gavina kamtchatchensis</emphasis>
(p. 212) and
<emphasis id="22878A61E141FF81FCE6FEDAD554FE99" box="[809,1079,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Gavina kamtschatchensis</emphasis>
(p. 215) as &quot;la race kamtschadale du
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E141FF81FF74FEBDD023FEFC" box="[187,320,325,348]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canus">
<emphasis id="22878A61E141FF81FF74FEBDD023FEFC" box="[187,320,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Larus canus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, L.&quot; (p. 215). In another paper,
<bibRefCitation id="74622B82E141FF81FD6CFEBDD2E8FEFC" author="Bonaparte" box="[675,907,325,348]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Bonaparte, C. - L. (1855) Notes sur les Larides. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee, (2) 7, 12 - 21." type="journal article" year="1855">Bonaparte (1855: 16)</bibRefCitation>
listed the name as &quot;
<emphasis id="22878A61E141FF81FBA1FEBDD4E9FEFC" box="[1134,1418,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
Gavina
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E141FF81FB0AFEBDD4E9FEFC" box="[1221,1418,325,348]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kamtschatschensis">kamtschatschensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
&quot;, again with a remark that it is a &quot;race kamtschadale du
<taxonomicName id="D7F32DF0E141FF81FD1CFE90D236FEDF" box="[723,853,360,383]" class="Aves" family="Laridae" genus="Larus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canus">
<emphasis id="22878A61E141FF81FD1CFE90D236FEDF" box="[723,853,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Larus canus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, L.&quot;. No descriptions or indications were provided and the specific names are nomina nuda in both these papers. Note different spellings of each of these specific names.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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