243 lines
33 KiB
XML
243 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="52D624CBF400E28A1931E7E307415093" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="be1b3001-c73a-4af6-8592-b65dc3a3e182" ModsDocID="z00628p001" checkinTime="1246975180213" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Jonathan W. Armbruster" docDate="2004" docId="6D2986FFDFF76D60BACBF08BE7198C9C" docLanguage="en" docName="2004_Armbruster_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 628" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C8D199F9-0677-41B1-ACD1-8A685EE26AE2" docTitle="Pseudancistrus Bleeker 1862" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="7940ABBD303BB4E7BC397858A459F170" masterDocTitle="Pseudancistrus sidereus, a new species from southern Venezuela (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with a redescription of Pseudancistrus." masterLastPageNumber="15" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1701314023235" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6858BB29182AA5C0DDA29CB433F58736">
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<mods:title id="44CD86E82F647716C9F72E5D6849F17A">Pseudancistrus sidereus, a new species from southern Venezuela (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with a redescription of Pseudancistrus.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E0824690C61AED38EA4DD0F6643B5710" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6E44AF838AE5F6831B453D68EC4A8C37">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A8BA1CAE85FEB685F63CBE14C5A2159C">Jonathan W. Armbruster</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F9A452161E32A675EB0D461B99D3B322">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="11A07395C12BF90B722B23C49082AEA2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3337CFC2FD09680CF8411B0B1F0EF198">
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<mods:date id="0440E1FE617FBE645D5C8A14A40B2467">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="2BE5906D4E8BC8024082137204BF8ADC" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A63D1CBC68C5139DAAA51BDF188F89DE">628</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C171F41D7BB16DDF56489C461DFE3B2A">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="D850B5CB0D99B3F6AD7A9D6A7EA86ADF">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C8D199F9-0677-41B1-ACD1-8A685EE26AE2</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="A1A82134AD88C0B5090347A31AE6820A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="165B5057623CB1A834A667253AD5A2A4" type="Plazi-Custom">z00628p001</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6D2986FFDFF76D60BACBF08BE7198C9C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6270343" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100124568" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6270343" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D2986FFDFF76D60BACBF08BE7198C9C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D2986FFDFF76D60BACBF08BE7198C9C" lastPageNumber="8" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="21A85059646BCDF07A3F17A905F50A9E" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C2A1B57CCB7223E799099E7ED8417424" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="BE3668D26DEAC9CF01031448DD4AD2A7" ID-CoL="6YQK" ID-ENA="471096" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:65E9F392-A294-426E-9C9E-1695549A3390" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudancistrus Bleeker 1862:2" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudancistrus Bleeker 1862</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F7D36CA333A0C64117CDB0FE081CF0A2" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0D00507215A176C1B1F199923BD54FFF" pageNumber="5">Figs. 1-2</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A81FAF6019C3F8FC5E82F3C3B39DD559" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="46215CB07C5D8F4B1029D686AB60050D" pageNumber="5">
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Type Species:
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<taxonomicName id="1433EB54FD367D9868A76402DE36EF2A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:13423474-5DCC-4185-A3FB-6E9C00899F4A" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypostomus barbatus Valenciennes 1840:506" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatus">Hypostomus barbatus Valenciennes 1840</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CA577D9984A81B8F2BD09A20AF7C2727" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph id="A7F909D795F419239EF4A6AD13A86475" pageNumber="5">Synonyms:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F770814A43D0326AD9BFCC138DC9A8E9" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="BD7C85EB9C23CFCE4D8B23A6D6C509EC" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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Lithoxancistrus
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<normalizedToken id="79B19C6BBFF64F8C0828CA8203427991" originalValue="Isbrücker">Isbruecker</normalizedToken>
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, Nijssen, and Cala 1988
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1CD8073B1C9EF58E771A45FE3D432C70" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="9A44B7A77B13BE92B0442CB86685795B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9D74B17A-8881-4E4E-A6DE-D0C62E4DEE65" family="Loricariidae" genus="Guyanancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Guyanancistrus Isbrücker 2001:19" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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Guyanancistrus
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<normalizedToken id="B91D020FDA7F93AF850D612C387F4FE9" originalValue="Isbrücker">Isbruecker</normalizedToken>
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2001
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0A9D02264B039B20E4F96AE7B722A2D4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2A40DC4F3DAAA37154B2BB490B496325" pageNumber="5">Includes:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ACEA4909FE93E5F97E88EADF19DEE93D" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="640017734E549DA521663C4B6CB0E8AD" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatus">P. barbatus (Valenciennes 1840)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D97793E24F862F1FE335F1C842024BDF" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="29D2FF863D90DF42CBBD423BD7CA949E" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevispinis">
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P. brevispinis (Heitmans, Nijssen, and
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<normalizedToken id="A11B862FA1A054E66CF1FADB47A49E65" originalValue="Isbrücker">Isbruecker</normalizedToken>
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1983)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BFCA5F19FAD86300FDB01A71887DDF8A" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="8CA305D40EB2D812EC03F3216AEE863A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1B3D4A9E-0C91-40B9-96D7-A0A6D23A978D" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ancistrus Pseudancistrus coquenani Steindachner 1915:90 [76]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coquenani">P. coquenani (Steindachner 1915)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5887B84056974FF5ABC19FD1A54C0E4B" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="593AA6963FA544F1C6B4DA24446D2CDF" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depressus">
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P. depressus (
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<normalizedToken id="C01C828E31B2DD2D732A7E0016202EDF" originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
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1868)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="31D45A92927E317235FA47B3E2582747" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="C3F7EE0A3A150A43550599A2880F8A45" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1EE72C35-9169-4DE6-B101-D70CDC906C13" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudancistrus genisetiger Fowler 1941:155" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genisetiger">P. genisetiger Fowler 1941</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E597E7B90D6F50441F1E569552D91231" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="D7D1AB2EB439ACFD4E751D911E2C0B53" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guentheri">P. guentheri (Regan 1904)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9B46A24A9EDD18EA0A6974461B5B6381" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="779237DDD1B153E44DD4AD184F4A1A90" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttatus">P. guttatus (Valenciennes 1840)</taxonomicName>
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, synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="81ACEC4E2A6A84D9B6CC95B01CCEF09A" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatus">P. barbatus</taxonomicName>
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(see Fisch-Muller 2003)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C640316114B27DE004D73B2E70CA6F14" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="FD01FA0DE3016193CA8E50E664F8A9BB" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longispinis">
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P. longispinis (Heitmans, Nijssen, and
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<normalizedToken id="E9E62B62409FA6D117BD06B16E685459" originalValue="Isbrücker">Isbruecker</normalizedToken>
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1983)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D15D5B8B71E0B7BE20F05BDC6CB90A55" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="A47C8BDF5791A92929773B9C2EFDE51C" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">P. niger (Norman 1926)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CA18CB046A9EC73D34DCF0244358BE64" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="A9D9EC2C24E3F48644D2B944264FBB35" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E05A51CE-C823-48BC-B0A1-A7ECF620BAE3" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudancistrus nigrescens Eigenmann 1912:234" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">P. nigrescens Eigenmann 1912</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5E3CC0628C3B184E288E93A526CDFCD1" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="32927EEAD4BA194C22A17D9193DB946E" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orinoco">
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P. orinoco (
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<normalizedToken id="D1E949B94F2521A3EA3BC657090B16C2" originalValue="Isbrücker">Isbruecker</normalizedToken>
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, Nijssen and Cala 1988)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4BEFFAFE1891293FCCE7353AEE9B6C63" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="54C5A8C140450379F5BE14FC8248BBFB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1C23F531-5A44-4C2C-8BD2-6E0C83CFF88A" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudancistrus papariae Fowler 1941:157" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papariae">P. papariae Fowler 1941</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="64CB8B9258C16D1D1F0370FAFDD58B55" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="9D5E3550A907D7B6334210DBB0497435" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schomburgkii">
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P. schomburgkii (
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<normalizedToken id="97864507730CEF39A2D6FFD11EDF0A0B" originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
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1864)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="819E04D5046516FF72EBAC7882ABCD78" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="30EB9EF586275B144AF0EE3937F04AA6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CB650BA4-2944-44D4-8690-7FCEBD43DE58" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudancistrus sidereus Armbruster 2004:8" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sidereus">P. sidereus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="0C2BD6CEC0F392D6057F7D51F42FBF76" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F41973224A44B1F489B9AA60D7E5E67F" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8EDAC648CFE584B1F2136295B101C3E5" pageNumber="5">
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Diagnosis:
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<taxonomicName id="9B70017E769E5486459CCD65030C90FF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:65E9F392-A294-426E-9C9E-1695549A3390" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudancistrus Bleeker 1862:2" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudancistrus</taxonomicName>
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is not diagnosed by any unique characteristics. Characteristics considered as synapomorphies for
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<taxonomicName id="32114053811A321548B210DFAA0423D8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:65E9F392-A294-426E-9C9E-1695549A3390" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudancistrus Bleeker 1862:2" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudancistrus</taxonomicName>
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from Armbruster (2004) are: no suture between pterotic-supracleithrum and hyomandibula (34-0, reversal), no contact of the hyomandibula with the prootic (35-1), straight, spoon-shaped anterior process of metapterygoid(58-1), nasal bone not much wider than laterosensory canal running through it (105- 0), sphenotic not contacting posteriormost infraorbital externally (117-1), and a short ventral ridge on the pelvic basipterygium (172-1, lost in some species).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="167B791BB3FDE1702A30098F2CEE6F7A" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="8137BF802C2AA5B1120902F3151BFA19" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:65E9F392-A294-426E-9C9E-1695549A3390" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudancistrus Bleeker 1862:2" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudancistrus</taxonomicName>
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can be separated from the Corymbophanini and the Hypostomini by having hypertrophied odontodes on the cheek; from most of the Rhinelepini by having an adipose fin and a dorsal flap of the iris and from
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<taxonomicName id="04D686269C4668EED660BD8ADF1C6607" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pogonopoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wertheimeri">Pogonopoma wertheimeri</taxonomicName>
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by having few or no plates on the abdomen (vs. abdomen fully plated); and from the Pterygoplichthini by lacking an enlarged, respiratory stomach and by lacking or nearly lacking plates on the abdomen (vs. abdomen fully plated in adults), and from
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<taxonomicName id="741BCC5B266AFD765C0E4F725A746A85" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E20CC015-E1B6-4088-A97D-1664E59E52C7" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pterygoplichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pterygoplichthys Gill 1858:408" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterygoplichthys</taxonomicName>
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by having seven dorsal-fin rays (vs. nine or more).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EE1D64E74705756D679BAC9D8CF4D95F" pageNumber="6">
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Within the Ancistrini,
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<taxonomicName id="755EC2E385FBCDB3E3B0E3996ED28E64" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:65E9F392-A294-426E-9C9E-1695549A3390" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudancistrus Bleeker 1862:2" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudancistrus</taxonomicName>
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can be separated from
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<taxonomicName id="B6D2F9B2E2F16924E1F85BEA146F65AF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:35063369-E231-4E03-A49C-EE29CD36526F" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ancistrus Kner 1854:272" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ancistrus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="E5DFDD0331D0192DDB79A2FA1AD595C4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6D733E4B-1430-4299-AF25-1A8444D32381" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dekeyseria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dekeyseria Rapp-Py-Daniel 1985:178" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dekeyseria</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="D24A6DEADC7DB0AFF56194A06BE70A7B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A8FD08FD-8A1E-4892-8287-3B1E60F436D3" family="Loricariidae" genus="Exastilithoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Exastilithoxus Isbrücker & Nijssen 1979:88, 91" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Exastilithoxus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="9D230210BEBD5E3B4F41EC33AF469DD0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C523A809-0FAF-4942-A63D-C72E574E880F" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hopliancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hopliancistrus Isbrücker & Nijssen 1989:543" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hopliancistrus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B195D1F4115D4AA59FC28B3CFCE64B71" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lasiancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lasiancistrus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, most
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E6BFDB41997B38E0A4CE02ADA660BC31" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CF9FBEF6-F089-453B-BE5B-F76181C0A6BA" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lithoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Lithoxus Eigenmann 1910:405, 412" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lithoxus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EF6A4436911324392C2A2BBF2BEDC646" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1A8841E9-92B3-489A-842F-9FA899B71F16" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neblinichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neblinichthys Ferraris, Isbrücker & Nijssen 1986:70" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neblinichthys</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7CC4AD28FDB619E1B987DD52B21DBF60" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EFEDBB39-CA0E-4792-A761-40C23B8CD9F1" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudolithoxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudolithoxus Isbrücker & Werner 2001:21" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudolithoxus</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having 4-5 plate rows on the caudal peduncle (vs. 3); from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B90C1D0E6A78CACC0F000AEB8D3EBD90" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B2DF4EFA-D2FF-4D1C-B528-B2367618D4D1" family="Loricariidae" genus="Baryancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Baryancistrus Rapp-Py-Daniel 1989:245" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Baryancistrus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FF28762C3A1692E51D18DA47B77A2405" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7564362E-EE3F-4148-AB3D-DEBFD7256B21" family="Loricariidae" genus="Spectracanthicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Spectracanthicus Nijssen & Isbrücker 1987:93" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Spectracanthicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F43C9FCA0646F28F1F227C7B46A6189F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A86D4AEA-7102-4D02-85F4-C1353F51EA8E" family="Loricariidae" genus="Parancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Parancistrus Bleeker 1862:2" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Parancistrus</taxonomicName>
|
|
by not having a membranous connection of the posterior end of the dorsal fin with the adipose fin; from some
|
|
<taxonomicName id="682ED205C149B78AE921D7AB36C7BF50" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2AC0D766-F761-4436-B6F4-395BBA997694" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemiancistrus Bleeker 1862:2" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemiancistrus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A21DB0AA8EA15218AC184E5B1E495858" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F46C42E-67EB-4801-B2FE-F132B8D9E370" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypancistrus Isbrücker & Nijssen 1991:347" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypancistrus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDD32235880C1384B5D93149A0ED9E51" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:07C2F0C3-785D-4516-ACF2-A239A9197587" family="Loricariidae" genus="Panaque" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Panaque Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889:44" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Panaque</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FF200FD2E3A352FAF138A8E6B668010F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CAAEE496-AF6C-4F5B-AFDD-F2E8E6519E80" family="Loricariidae" genus="Peckoltia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Peckoltia Miranda-Ribeiro 1912:7" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Peckoltia</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having 10+ odontodes on the opercle (vs. usually 0, but up to 10, odontodes); from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40367B813039B5B02BC0235A19B99A55" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5024E1CC-B831-482D-9E52-AD5A97E87EE7" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Acanthicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Acanthicus Agassiz 1829:2" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Acanthicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DFEC99469CE5176665D39420762FF95F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0CCDDACE-6939-4820-BE29-9564666A4DB5" family="Loricariidae" genus="Leporacanthicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leporacanthicus Isbrücker & Nijssen 1989:544" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leporacanthicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5503D86D80CAD036B24312382728223D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DFA98D27-9C77-4563-A082-548387AE04E3" family="Loricariidae" genus="Megalancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Megalancistrus Isbrücker 1980:52" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Megalancistrus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CB4D09E6980854BF6A5EA1EB9F7F5E07" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DE20C45A-7DB6-498B-9870-A109AB063DC7" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudacanthicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudacanthicus Bleeker 1862:2" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudacanthicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
by lacking hypertrophied keel odontodes on the lateral plates; from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6FDC10B3AAE96D9DBB6A371FCDB0B8DD" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:35063369-E231-4E03-A49C-EE29CD36526F" family="Loricariidae" genus="Ancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ancistrus Kner 1854:272" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ancistrus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5117C96794408338D29C3D4711B34AC3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16C36868-333C-4936-8EBD-D7FF5DB1E003" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Chaetostoma Tschudi 1846:25" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chaetostoma</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having plates on the edge of the snout; and from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B7C615C0DBF8BAE72C7E31E09986A84E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16C36868-333C-4936-8EBD-D7FF5DB1E003" family="Loricariidae" genus="Chaetostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Chaetostoma Tschudi 1846:25" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chaetostoma</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1E16394D5ADEE269CCC91E88396F1824" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC189F42-3B10-43C7-9456-96BAED9CB821" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cordylancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cordylancistrus Isbrücker 1980:48" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cordylancistrus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="298EF42D9C9B66AC63B7FFA114EF6A50" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:30DD89E4-1A65-4C81-859A-F9F210DB8205" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dolichancistrus Isbrücker 1980:47" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dolichancistrus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4CF608E3F4DDD2EEA5C36491AD6A8E6D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:315EC98B-E28A-40B6-A248-6F8FB04FFF16" family="Loricariidae" genus="Leptoancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptoancistrus Meek & Hildebrand 1916:254" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptoancistrus</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having the spinelet and the nuchal plate of the dorsal fin supporting odontodes (vs. skin covering the spinelet and nuchal plate in all but adult male
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F7371A397CC095325AE3D6912B8545A0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:30DD89E4-1A65-4C81-859A-F9F210DB8205" family="Loricariidae" genus="Dolichancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dolichancistrus Isbrücker 1980:47" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dolichancistrus</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="742B0E3A6D630500EA33D310F8358D6B" pageNumber="6">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E46363428CAFE989671266A9FA83A050" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:65E9F392-A294-426E-9C9E-1695549A3390" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudancistrus Bleeker 1862:2" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudancistrus</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be separated from the Neopleostominae,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F0DF241DA157FC0C64B9B5B50F06A94E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9316BCE6-31A6-4087-9206-D20EFC9BD6BC" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemipsilichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889:46" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemipsilichthys</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and most of the Hypoptopomatinae by having a V-shaped dorsal-fin spinelet (vs. dorsal-fin spinelet rectangular or absent); from all of the Hyopotopomatinae by lacking odontodes on the ventral surface of the pectoral girdle; from the Loricariinae by having four or five rows of plates on the caudal peduncle (vs. three) and by having an adipose fin; and from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1FBC6840230C23A3153FFF618E0E8728" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CEF64A0C-0502-4657-A207-0DED0BAC9A0E" family="Loricariidae" genus="Delturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Delturus Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889:45" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Delturus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EED68D0F9BE067517916E86DF5833C88" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9316BCE6-31A6-4087-9206-D20EFC9BD6BC" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemipsilichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889:46" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemipsilichthys</taxonomicName>
|
|
(a new subfamily; Armbruster 2004) by having a single (rarely two) median, preadipose plates (vs. three or more).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="195E953E6FE6D371A3FB1A6A0B7EE9F7" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="AD605B43FFF8CF765C55849D0E8C6EA1" pageNumber="6">Description: Member of subfamily Hypostominae, tribe Ancistrini as diagnosed by Armbruster (2004). Small to large loricariids. Ventral surface from anus to head largely naked in adults. Lateral plates unkeeled except ventral plate bent to form keel-like ridge on caudal peduncle, inframedian plate row bent from pectoral-spine insertion to above pelvic fin forming ridge, and dorsal plate row bent, forming ridge from insertion of dorsal-fin spine to posterior end of adipose-fin spine (ridges on either side converging at posterior end of adipose-fin spine). Cheek plates with numerous hypertrophied odontodes, longest odontode reaching almost to posterior edge of cleithral process; cheek odontodes and supporting plates evertible at an angle greater than 75° from head primitively although advanced species may not have evertible cheek plates, 15-60 evertible cheek odontodes. Frontal, infraorbitals, nasal, opercle, preopercle (in some species), pterotic-supracleithrum, and suprapreopercle supporting odontodes.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D64483D85CC1A0FA9A14CB6BC8AD0CF5" pageNumber="8">Caudal fin emarginate to forked, lower lobe longer than upper. Lower surface flat. Head moderate in length with horizontal distance between anterior of eye and tip of snout long. Head dorsoventrally flattened. Body depth increasing slowly, in broad arc from tip of snout to insertion of dorsal fin. Body depth decreases very little to dorsal procurrent caudal-fin spines; body depth increases slightly from posterior adipose-fin insertion to insertion of upper caudal-fin spine. Dorsal surface of head between eyes moderately concave. Supraoccipital crest not raised, posterior edge of supraoccipital rounded. Eye large (Table 1) with well-developed dorsal flap of iris. Gill opening restricted.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="813C5D99FEF01927A9F4B35C9A04B014" pageNumber="8">
|
|
Dorsal-fin spine short (table 1); dorsal fin reaching posterior edge of preadipose plate when depressed in all species except
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40AD1AAF399FA974FA4394B8D03AAF18" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CB650BA4-2944-44D4-8690-7FCEBD43DE58" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudancistrus sidereus Armbruster 2004:8" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sidereus">Pseudancistrus sidereus</taxonomicName>
|
|
where the dorsal fin does not reach preadipose plate. Depressed pectoral-fin spine reaching beyond base of pelvic-fin rays; depressed pelvic-fin spine typically reaching anterior insertion of anal fin (sometimes slightly beyond). Dorsal fin II7, caudal fin I14I, anal fin I4-5, pectoral fin I6, pelvic fin I5.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="138511935BFA5CB0D61024ACDF9A2B29" pageNumber="8">Lips papillose, forming oval disk about as wide as head. Maxillary barbel short, thin, and pointed. Buccal papilla short, narrow. Teeth long, thin with pointed cusps, lateral cusp about half length of medial cusp, 45-89 dentary teeth, 38-94 premaxillary teeth.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F58BF1E5B709716593D4210E52D9656F" pageNumber="8">Color: Generally dark gray, lighter on abdomen. Some species with light spots or blotches on the sides. Some species with the body mottled gray or brown. Fins generally colored as sides, but some species with bands in the caudal fin, or with orange to red edging on the dorsal and/or caudal fins.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="5D9D1A54FCBA9291FC8DABB28698A9CF" pageNumber="8">
|
|
Sexual Dimorphism: Most species with hypertrophied odontodes along the snout in both males and females, but males generally with longer snout odontodes.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0EEA7C9BAD1AEBB2F04F624E8598AB7F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CB650BA4-2944-44D4-8690-7FCEBD43DE58" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudancistrus sidereus Armbruster 2004:8" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sidereus">Pseudancistrus sidereus</taxonomicName>
|
|
may have hypertrophied odontodes on the lateral plates (see description below). Some specimens with hypertrophied odontodes on tip of pectoral spine, but it is unknown if these are dimorphic.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="E215BC9786C695218D457FF69AA57074" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="6B5977662F8915C55E2695326D2E2898" pageNumber="8">Ecology: Found in swift flow among gravel, cobble, and boulders.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="A296DFA88A37F71E5529A397BD988DE2" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="F2581BCA6EB4A89C9859AA0C1641AA34" pageNumber="8">Range: Found around the Guyana Shield in the Guyanas, Venezuela, and Brazil. Also found in northeastern Brazil in the Rio Jaguaribe and Rio Grande do Norte.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |