154 lines
13 KiB
XML
154 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.222.3375" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8951a9f2-d604-41db-a43c-605fef3cb1af" ID-PMC="PMC3459029" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-222-11" ID-PubMed="23129985" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-222-11" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 222" ModsDocTitle="Review of the species level taxonomy of the neotropical butterfly genus Oenomaus (Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini)" checkinTime="1451248737870" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Faynel, Christophe, Busby, Robert C. & Robbins, Robert K." docDate="2012" docId="5E792969A1CFE838686A9642102FB298" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 222: 11-45" docOrigin="ZooKeys 222" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.222.3375" docTitle="Oenomaus andi Busby & Faynel, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="FF8FFFA2C315166F635BFFE7FFA97842" masterDocTitle="Review of the species level taxonomy of the neotropical butterfly genus Oenomaus (Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini)" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1668154462762" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Review of the species level taxonomy of the neotropical butterfly genus Oenomaus (Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Faynel, Christophe</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Busby, Robert C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Robbins, Robert K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>222</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>11</mods:start>
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<mods:end>45</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.222.3375</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.222.3375</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-222-11</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037089" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C6C09BC9-F0B9-4E7A-8951-0D9923BE9E73" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E792969A1CFE838686A9642102FB298" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C6C09BC9-F0B9-4E7A-8951-0D9923BE9E73" authority="Busby & Faynel" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Oenomaus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oenomaus andi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andi">Oenomaus andi Busby & Faynel</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="8" pageNumber="19">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 8, 9, 24, 29, 42, 43, 47
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="19" type="type-locality">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="19">Type-locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="19">
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Ecuador: Zamora Chinchipe Prov., Zamora (ridge W. of town),
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-4.075">4°04.5'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-78.96833">78°58.1'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1450 m. The ridge west of Zamora rises rather sharply from
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<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="20" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
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city and is accessed by a dirt road which goes up to about 1300 m. The top of the ridge is still forested but a significant part of the surrounding land has been turned into pasture.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="type-specimen">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Type-specimen.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
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Holotype ♂ (Fig. 8) labeled as "ECUADOR / Zamora Chinchipe Prov. / Zamora (ridge W. of town) / 18. ix. 2000 (1450m) / leg. Robert C. Busby" [rectangular, white, printed], "GENITALIA NO. / 2009: 344♂ / C. FAYNEL" [rectangular, green, printed] "Holotype ♂ /
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Oenomaus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oenomaus andi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andi">Oenomaus andi</taxonomicName>
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/ Busby & Faynel, 2012" [rectangular, red, printed]. Deposited in USNM.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
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Paratypes: Ecuador.3♀: Morona-Santiago, 1 km E
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Abanico, 1600 m,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-2.2566667">2°15.4'S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-78.195">78°11.7'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 15.IX.2003, Robert C. Busby leg., gen. prep. CF n°416 (RCB) (Fig. 9); Morona-Santiago, 14 km W. of Macas, 1600m, 28.IX.1998,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Abanico, leg. Robert C. Busby (RCB); Zamora Chinchipe, Zamora (ridge W. of town),
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-4.075">4°04.5'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-78.96833">78°58.1'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1450 m, 06.X.2007, D. H. Ahrenholz, R. C. Busby leg. (RCB).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="other specimen examined">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Other specimen examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Bolivia. 1♀: La Paz, Nor Yungas, Caranavi, 1500 m, XII. 2004, gen. prep. CF n°445 (MC 253).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Description, diagnosis and recognition as a distinct species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
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Male FW length: 16.3 mm (N = 1). Female FW length: 16.7 mm (SD = 0.8, N = 2). Wing pattern (Figs 8, 9) and genitalia (Figs 24, 29) illustrated. The ventral wing pattern of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Oenomaus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oenomaus andi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andi">Oenomaus andi</taxonomicName>
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is similar to that of many other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Oenomaus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oenomaus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oenomaus</taxonomicName>
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, but this species is distinguished by (1) a white spot on the basal side of VHW cell Rs-M1, (2) an elongated double valvae of equal size, (3) a large posterior part of the saccus in lateral view, (4) a swollen terminal end of the penis, and (5) modified anterior and posterior edges of the male 8th tergum (detailed under remarks).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">This species is named for Andrea (Andi) Busby, wife of Robert Busby, in appreciation for her long standing support of his research. The name is a feminine noun in apposition.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
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Valvae structure in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Oenomaus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oenomaus andi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andi">Oenomaus andi</taxonomicName>
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is very similar to that found in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Oenomaus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oenomaus gaia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaia">Oenomaus gaia</taxonomicName>
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Faynel, suggesting that this new species belongs to the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Oenomaus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oenomaus cortica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cortica">Oenomaus cortica</taxonomicName>
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subgroup (as characterized by
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<bibRefCitation author="Comstock, JH" journalOrPublisher="The Comstock Publishing Company, Ithaca" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" title="The wings of insects." year="1918">Faynel and Moser 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). Species in this subgroup have a modified 8th tergum (except for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Oenomaus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oenomaus druceus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="druceus">Oenomaus druceus</taxonomicName>
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Faynel & Moser, 2008). In the male of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Oenomaus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oenomaus andi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andi">Oenomaus andi</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 42), the posterior edge of the 8th tergum has a deep depression in the middle, while the anterior edge is shaped like a wide
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“W”">"W"</normalizedToken>
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. In the female, the posterior edge is nearly straight but is split in the middle. The anterior edge is similar to that of the male, but is laterally sclerotized (Fig. 43). The white spot on the basal side of VHW cell Rs-M1 occurs in only a few other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Oenomaus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oenomaus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oenomaus</taxonomicName>
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species including
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Oenomaus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oenomaus geba" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geba">Oenomaus geba</taxonomicName>
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(Hewitson),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Oenomaus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oenomaus melleus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melleus">Oenomaus melleus</taxonomicName>
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(Druce),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Oenomaus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oenomaus morroensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morroensis">Oenomaus morroensis</taxonomicName>
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Faynel & Moser, and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Oenomaus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oenomaus jauffreti" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jauffreti">Oenomaus jauffreti</taxonomicName>
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Faynel & Moser. Regardless of whether the presence of this spot is evidence of relationship, it is very useful for separating
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Oenomaus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oenomaus andi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andi">Oenomaus andi</taxonomicName>
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from the other species of the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Oenomaus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oenomaus cortica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cortica">Oenomaus cortica</taxonomicName>
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subgroup.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="habitat and distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Oenomaus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oenomaus andi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andi">Oenomaus andi</taxonomicName>
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is a species of montane forest (> 1300 m) that is recorded from Ecuador to Bolivia (Fig. 47).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="behavior">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Behavior.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">A male and two females were attracted to traps baited with rotting fish (vouchers in RCB).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |