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<mods:title id="896E969C54F2843A70E29CF54A063100">Correcting sponge names: nomenclatural update of lower taxa level Porifera</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFBC31089786FD46BF9505B3" authority="Polejaeff, 1883" authorityName="Polejaeff" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,759,670,697]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="blanca" variety="bathybia">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBC31089786FD46BF9505B3" bold="true" box="[151,759,670,697]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBC31089786FD46BCF305B2" bold="true" box="[151,401,670,697]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Leucosolenia blanca</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBC310896DEFD46BF5505B2" bold="true" box="[463,567,670,697]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">bathybia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBC3108952EFD46BF9505B3" author="Polejaeff, N." box="[575,759,670,697]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref103395" refString="Polejaeff, N. (1883) Report on the Calcarea dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 76, Zoology, 8 (2), 1 - 76, pls. I - IX. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 1228335]" type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff, 1883</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="37588869FFBC31089786FD1BBC6F05D6" blockId="91.[151,759,670,733]" box="[151,269,707,733]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
(
<figureCitation id="AFDC94ECFFBC3108978EFD1BBC6405D6" box="[159,262,707,733]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="87.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[221,1356,187,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-18@87.[221,1366,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURE 10. A. Suberites microstomus var. stellatus Kirkpatrick, 1908: pl. XV figs. 10, 13, B. Suberites rugosa Kim &amp; Sim, 2021: fig. 7, C. Suberites tortuosa var. austral Cuartas, 1986: fig. 14, D. Leucosolenia blanca var. bathybia Poléjaeff, 1883: pl. I fig. 2, E. Leucosolenia blanca var. brevicaulis Topsent, 1936: fig. 4, F. Grantia ciliata var. spinispiculum; Carter, 1884: pl. VIII, GI. Leucandra donnani var. tenuiradiata Dendy, 1916, GH. habitus pl. I figs. 4ab, I. spicules pl. II figs. 9ad, J. Leucandra gossei var. mahonica Topsent, 1937b: fig. 1, K. Leucandra regina var. regularis Brøndsted, 1927b: fig. 12." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10494206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10494206/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="37588869FFBC31089786FCDFB98E0414" blockId="91.[151,1260,775,799]" box="[151,1260,775,799]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="17F7AF47FFBC31089786FCDFB98E0414" box="[151,1260,775,799]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<treatmentCitation id="B646AE78FFBC31089786FCDFBFDF0414" author="Polejaeff, N." box="[151,701,775,799]" page="37" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" year="1883">
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFBC31089786FCDFBFDF0414" authority="Polejaeff, 1883: 37" authorityName="Polejaeff" authorityPageNumber="37" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,701,775,799]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="blanca" variety="bathybia">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBC31089786FCDFBC080414" box="[151,362,775,799]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Leucosolenia blanca</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBC3108968DFCDFBC970414" box="[412,501,775,799]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">bathybia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBC310896EAFCDFBFDF0414" author="Polejaeff, N." box="[507,701,775,799]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref103395" refString="Polejaeff, N. (1883) Report on the Calcarea dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 76, Zoology, 8 (2), 1 - 76, pls. I - IX. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 1228335]" type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff, 1883: 37</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, pl. I fig. 2, pl. III fig. 3; Topsent 1892: 22, pl. V fig. 3.
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The variety was described by Poléjaeff from off the
<collectingRegion id="F523468BFFBC310895F1FC96BE500463" box="[736,818,846,872]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Azores</collectingRegion>
, Challenger Exped. Stat. 75,
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, depth
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(
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material not identified, presumably kept in BMNH).
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBC31089496FCA9B9BB0480" author="Miklucho-Maclay, N." box="[903,1241,881,907]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="221 - 240" refId="ref102403" refString="Miklucho-Maclay, N. (1868) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Spongien I. Jenaische Zeitschrift f ¸ r Medizin und Naturwissenschaft, 4, 221 - 240, pls. IV - V. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8705258]" type="journal article" year="1868">Miklucho-Maclay (1868: 222</bibRefCitation>
, pl. IV figs. 19, pl. V figs. 1020) described
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFBC310896C5FC4DBFF604A4" ID-CoL="VSTQ" baseAuthorityName="Miklucho-Maclay" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[468,660,917,943]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="blanca">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBC310896C5FC4DBFF604A4" box="[468,660,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Clathrina blanca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFBC310895D3FC4DBE4B04A4" ID-CoL="BDW7R" authorityName="Miklucho-Maclay" authorityYear="1868" box="[706,809,917,943]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Guancha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBC310895D3FC4DBE4B04A4" box="[706,809,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Guancha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from the intertidal zone of Arrecife, Lanzarote,
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, approximate coordinates
<geoCoordinate id="52D3EEAEFFBC31089518FC61BF3B04DF" box="[521,601,953,980]" degrees="28,5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" precision="5555" value="28.5">28,5°N</geoCoordinate>
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(
<typeStatus id="E85C36CBFFBC310895FBFC61BE7E04D8" box="[746,796,953,979]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">type</typeStatus>
material not identified). One of the features distinguishing the present variety from the typical variety is the size of the specimens, up to
<quantity id="F01F258CFFBC310894E7FC05B92704F3" box="[1014,1093,989,1016]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
against less than
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in the typical variety. Miklucho-Maclays specimens appear rather different from Poléjaeffs description and according to Miklucho-Maclay its spicules are equiangular-equiactinal. Poléjaeff stated that the basal and paired actines differ in size (basal 1.21.5 x paired) and are thus parasagittal. However, parasagittal spicules are clearly also illustrated by Miklucho-Maclay (pl. V fig. 11) (also confirmed by
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBC310895CEFBB6B96A038C" author="Von Lendenfeld, R." box="[735,1032,1133,1160]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="185 - 321" refId="ref111154" refString="Von Lendenfeld, R. (1891) Die Spongien der Adria, I. Die Kalkschwamme. Zeitschrift f ¸ r wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 53 (2 &amp; 3), 185 - 321 &amp; 361 - 463. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 43280870]" type="journal article" year="1891">Von Lendenfeld 1891: 219</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBC3108932FFBB5B85A038C" author="Imesek, M. &amp; Plese, B. &amp; Pfannkuchen, M. &amp; Godrijan, J. &amp; Pfannkuchen, D. M. &amp; Klautau, M. &amp; Cetkovic, H." box="[1086,1336,1133,1159]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="21 - 29" refId="ref98810" refString="Imesek, M., Plese, B., Pfannkuchen, M., Godrijan, J., Pfannkuchen, D. M., Klautau, M. &amp; Cetkovic, H. (2014) Integrative taxonomy of four Clathrina species of the Adriatic Sea, with the first formal description of Clathrina rubra Sara, 1958. Organisms Diversity and Evolution, 14 (1), 21 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 013 - 0156 - 0" type="journal article" year="2014">
Imesek
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBC31089384FBB6B9AF038C" box="[1173,1229,1133,1159]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">et al.</emphasis>
2014: 24
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 2d), so this cannot be considered a difference.
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBC31089578FB4ABEFD03A0" author="Von Lendenfeld, R." box="[617,927,1169,1196]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="185 - 321" refId="ref111154" refString="Von Lendenfeld, R. (1891) Die Spongien der Adria, I. Die Kalkschwamme. Zeitschrift f ¸ r wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 53 (2 &amp; 3), 185 - 321 &amp; 361 - 463. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 43280870]" type="journal article" year="1891">Von Lendenfeld (1891: 218</bibRefCitation>
, pl. VIII fig. 3) considered the present variety as conspecific with the typical variety, but he only had Adriatic material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FFDDBE2FFBC310897D6FB02BCA702E4" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="37588869FFBC310897D6FB02BCC40288" blockId="91.[151,1437,845,1519]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBC310897D6FB02BCD303F8" author="Topsent, E." box="[199,433,1241,1268]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref109105" refString="Topsent, E. (1936) Etude sur les Leucosolenia. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco, 711, 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1936">Topsent (1936: 914</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFBC310896CDFB01BF1303F8" ID-CoL="84PNX" box="[476,625,1241,1267]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucosoleniidae" genus="Leucosolenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBC310896CDFB01BF1303F8" box="[476,625,1241,1267]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Leucosolenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) discussed various individuals, shapes, and spicules, and a.o. erected an additional variety (cf. below).
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBC310896FFFB26BFF6021C" author="Burton, M." box="[494,660,1277,1304]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref89840" refString="Burton, M. (1930 c) The Porifera of the Siboga Expedition. III. Calcarea. In: Weber, M. (Ed.), Siboga-Expeditie. Uitkomsten op zoologisch, botanisch, oceanographisch en geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-lndie 1899 - 1900 aan boord H. M. Siboga onder commando van Luitenant ter zee 1 e kl. G. F. Tydeman, III, Monographie VIa 2, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1930">Burton (1930c</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBC310895B0FB25BFB8021C" author="Burton, M." box="[673,730,1277,1303]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 693" refId="ref90268" refString="Burton, M. (1963) A revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges. With a Catalogue of the specimens in the British Museum (Natural History). W. Clowes and Sons Ltd., London, pp. 1 - 693." type="book chapter" year="1963">1963</bibRefCitation>
) also classed Miklucho-Maclays
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFBC3108934AFB25B874021C" ID-CoL="3HHZZ" authorityName="Miklucho-Maclay" authorityYear="1868" box="[1115,1302,1277,1303]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Guancha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="blanca">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBC3108934AFB25B874021C" box="[1115,1302,1277,1303]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Guancha blanca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as different from Poléjaeffs
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFBC3108964FFAF9BFA40230" ID-CoL="8M26K" baseAuthorityName="Polejaeff" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[350,710,1313,1340]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="blanca" variety="bathybia">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBC3108964FFAF9BF410230" box="[350,547,1313,1339]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Clathrina blanca</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBC31089575FAF9BFA40230" box="[612,710,1313,1339]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">bathybia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but assigned it to the synonymy of the Australian
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFBC3108923EFAF9BD9E0254" ID-CoL="VSVB" baseAuthorityName="Lendenfeld" baseAuthorityYear="1885" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="macleayi">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBC3108923EFAF9BD9E0254" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Clathrina macleayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBC3108961EFA9EBF6E026B" author="Von Lendenfeld, R." box="[271,524,1349,1376]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="1083 - 1150" refId="ref110874" refString="Von Lendenfeld, R. (1885) A Monograph of the Australian Sponges (Continued). Part III. Preliminary description and classification of the Australian Calcispongiae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 9, 1083 - 1150, pls. 59 - 67. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 6603355]" type="journal article" year="1885">Von Lendenfeld, 1885</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFBC31089524FA9EBFE5026B" ID-CoL="BG7NC" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[565,647,1350,1376]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Ascetta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBC31089524FA9EBFE5026B" box="[565,647,1350,1376]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Ascetta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). This latter synonymy is not likely as
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFBC3108935CFA9DB9FB0254" ID-CoL="VSTQ" baseAuthorityName="Miklucho-Maclay" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1101,1177,1349,1375]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="blanca">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBC3108935CFA9DB9FB0254" box="[1101,1177,1349,1375]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">blanca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFBC310893C5FA9DB8540254" baseAuthorityName="Polejaeff" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1236,1334,1349,1375]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bathybia">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBC310893C5FA9DB8540254" box="[1236,1334,1349,1375]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">bathybia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are both from the North Atlantic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="37588869FFBC310897D6FA55BCA702E4" blockId="91.[151,1437,845,1519]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
Possibly, both varieties are conspecific, but in view of the depth range and shape differences it is prudent to keep them as distinct for the time being. Accordingly, I propose to elevate the variety to the rank of species as
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFBC3108923EFA69BCA202E4" authority="(Polejaeff, 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Polejaeff" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bathybia">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFBC3108923EFA69BD9B02E4" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Clathrina bathybia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFBC31089616FA0DBCDA02E4" author="Polejaeff, N." box="[263,440,1493,1519]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref103395" refString="Polejaeff, N. (1883) Report on the Calcarea dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 76, Zoology, 8 (2), 1 - 76, pls. I - IX. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 1228335]" type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff, 1883</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>