treatments-xml/data/BF/4E/39/BF4E397FFFB731029786F938BC1D0512.xml
2024-06-21 12:50:06 +02:00

177 lines
22 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="49032448234F8D41BB01EB9E3899B257" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5398.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10494167" ID-ZooBank="E233F731-D5FA-4032-B3A4-CEFE5A809C49" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1705011554062" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van Soest, Rob W. M." docDate="2024" docId="BF4E397FFFB731029786F938BC1D0512" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5398.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5398 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5398.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.18:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docTitle="Hymeniacidon kerguelensis var. capensis Hentschel 1914" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="43774107FFE731539711FFD8BD62070B" masterDocTitle="Correcting sponge names: nomenclatural update of lower taxa level Porifera" masterLastPageNumber="122" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1706187678457" updateUser="felipe">
<mods:mods id="993EE74B3C9BA2FEFAB4F500BF65642F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="8D09166D4536B7CFE6C3D90D09D6E7FC">
<mods:title id="07636E8BB15F98DFB9F81993991F33DA">Correcting sponge names: nomenclatural update of lower taxa level Porifera</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="10D8F64C346E2D12397CDE40FF102C70" type="personal">
<mods:role id="334DBCEEBD4090631838366C1795CB6F">
<mods:roleTerm id="D95C7732B08A8B231273CAE910FA40CA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E307CAF9D28DB71259C9A3FB41169D87">Van Soest, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="B4EBDE41E8ADF01A95BFF8B2B3C88777">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="D72CE969056BEB9651579C44AD924683" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="D1C2DFE963C2766D8A64E51C33583555">
<mods:title id="53E2BDDFB0F2E7753B79D8B40677407B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="DCB4AC2CA62AC8D725C7FE866AC6A86E">
<mods:date id="0B88F7F8DDAC986DD4397B987A36ABFB">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="762ACDD4E14FC45BCD9CFF68C01D1A03" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="6434C3DE8A7EB6562FB09A5654660A9A">2024-01-09</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="16568197EE1CD5527960CCBDB52F28E8" type="volume">
<mods:number id="50F63F4A38ECE29E1E95FD562B900863">5398</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="B9BC6A3A1358FC929C4A0CAA9E93F93A" type="issue">
<mods:number id="37D275FC5DCBDE5E27DFEA9C559DB112">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="EEF1C6A158E5A9A8C0D3EA5451C6E664" unit="page">
<mods:start id="9D8CAAA8974EA3F76061101B93E8AE24">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="1EA78ED268E2D7253EAEBBE8DB69047B">122</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="9032F152C97E714FA971E2B527F36ABC">
<mods:url id="26F81CF13FB21602B4567FD98EB0EDE9">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5398.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="096B602482110F9B1F8906F8C1C13A5C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A2F6472B2BEB75132D116655FEEC9A76" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5398.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C1875BB344A9E5BBC1FB9887F8D6DF70" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="77820F99DF1E71921C81DBE9B4383C9B" type="Zenodo-Dep">10494167</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2C58C3BEA073A2379C9B653D40D90EB5" type="ZooBank">E233F731-D5FA-4032-B3A4-CEFE5A809C49</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="BF4E397FFFB731029786F938BC1D0512" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BF4E397FFFB731029786F938BC1D0512" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF4E397FFFB731029786F938BC1D0512" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<subSubSection id="7FFDDBE2FFB731039786F938BE3B01F1" box="[151,857,1760,1787]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="37588869FFB731039786F938BE3B01F1" blockId="80.[151,857,1760,1823]" box="[151,857,1760,1787]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<heading id="6C103F05FFB731039786F938BE3B01F1" bold="true" box="[151,857,1760,1787]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB731039786F938BE3B01F1" ID-CoL="5PF4D" authority="Hentschel, 1914" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,857,1760,1787]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="kerguelensis" variety="capensis">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB731039786F938BE3B01F1" bold="true" box="[151,857,1760,1787]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB731039786F938BC8A01F0" bold="true" box="[151,488,1760,1787]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Hymeniacidon kerguelensis</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB731039534F938BFEE01F1" bold="true" box="[549,652,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">capensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFB731039582F939BE3B01F1" author="Hentschel, E." box="[659,857,1760,1787]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="35 - 141" refId="ref97475" refString="Hentschel, E. (1914) Monaxone Kieselschwamme und Hornschwamme der Deutschen S ¸ dpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche S ¸ dpolar-Expedition, 15 (1), 35 - 141, pls. IV - VIII. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2117076]" type="journal article" year="1914">Hentschel, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FFDDBE2FFB731039786F8DCBD9D0014" box="[151,255,1796,1823]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="description">
<paragraph id="37588869FFB731039786F8DCBD9D0014" blockId="80.[151,857,1760,1823]" box="[151,255,1796,1823]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
(
<figureCitation id="AFDC94ECFFB73103978EF8DCBD9A0014" box="[159,248,1796,1823]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,181,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-18@75.[183,1404,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 8. A. Cliona argus var. laevicollis Thiele, 1898: pl. VIII fig. 15, B. Spirastrella decumbens var. Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1887: pl. XLV fig. 12, CD. Spirastrella digitata Hentschel, 1909, C. habitus pl. XXII fig. 7, D. spicules text-fig. 18, E. Spirastrella vagabunda var. arabica Topsent, 1893: fig. 1, F. Suberites inconstans var. digitata Dendy, 1887: pl. IX fig. 2, G. Suberites inconstans var. globosa Dendy, 1887: pl. IX fig. 1, H. Suberites inconstans var. maeandrina Dendy, 1887: pl. X fig. 1, I. Hymedesmia unistellata var. aspera Topsent, 1904: pl. XII fig. 7, J. Timea crassa; sensu Lévi, 1952: fig. 10, K. Timea hallezi var. crassa; sensu Lévi, 1952: fig. 9, L. Aaptos niger Hoshino, 1981b: pl. II fig. 5, M. Halichondria bowerbanki var. stellifera Breton, Girard &amp; Lagardère, 1995: fig. 9, N. Hymeniacidon kerguelensis var. capensis Hentschel, 1914: pl. VIII fig. 8, O. Pellina longispicula f. tahanrohensis Czerniavsky, 1880: pl. II (VI) figs. 15b-c, P. Pseudosuberites hyalinus var. compacta Hentschel, 1914: pl. IV fig. 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10494202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10494202/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 8N</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FFDDBE2FFB731039786F891BED3006A" box="[151,945,1865,1889]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="37588869FFB731039786F891BED3006A" blockId="80.[151,945,1865,1889]" box="[151,945,1865,1889]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="17F7AF47FFB731039786F891BED3006A" box="[151,945,1865,1889]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<treatmentCitation id="B646AE78FFB731039786F891BE7A006A" author="Hentschel, E." box="[151,792,1865,1889]" page="124" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" year="1914">
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB731039786F891BE7A006A" ID-CoL="5PF4D" authority="Hentschel, 1914: 124" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityPageNumber="124" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,792,1865,1889]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="kerguelensis" variety="capensis">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB731039786F891BCCD006A" box="[151,431,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Hymeniacidon kerguelensis</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB7310396F0F892BF5A006A" box="[481,568,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">capensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFB73103952FF891BE7A006A" author="Hentschel, E." box="[574,792,1865,1889]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="35 - 141" refId="ref97475" refString="Hentschel, E. (1914) Monaxone Kieselschwamme und Hornschwamme der Deutschen S ¸ dpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche S ¸ dpolar-Expedition, 15 (1), 35 - 141, pls. IV - VIII. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2117076]" type="journal article" year="1914">Hentschel, 1914: 124</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. VIII fig. 8.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FFDDBE2FFB731029786F857BF700682" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="37588869FFB731029786F857BF700682" blockId="80.[151,1437,1935,2034]" lastBlockId="81.[151,1437,150,537]" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
The variety was described by Hentschel from Simons Bay,
<collectingRegion id="F523468BFFB731039479F857BEC000A2" box="[872,930,1935,1961]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Cape</collectingRegion>
Town, approximate coordinates
<geoCoordinate id="52D3EEAEFFB731039237F857B8FF00A2" box="[1318,1437,1935,1961]" degrees="34.1833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="5" value="-34.1833">34.1833°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="52D3EEAEFFB731039786F86BBC6100C6" box="[151,259,1971,1997]" degrees="18.433" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="55" value="18.433">18.433°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth not given (
<typeStatus id="E85C36CBFFB7310396CBF86BBF5100C6" box="[474,563,1971,1997]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
ZMB 4801). It is distinguished from the typical variety, also described by
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFB731039786F80FBCEE00FA" author="Hentschel, E." box="[151,396,2007,2033]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="35 - 141" refId="ref97475" refString="Hentschel, E. (1914) Monaxone Kieselschwamme und Hornschwamme der Deutschen S ¸ dpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche S ¸ dpolar-Expedition, 15 (1), 35 - 141, pls. IV - VIII. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2117076]" type="journal article" year="1914">Hentschel (1914: 123</bibRefCitation>
, pl. VIII fig. 7, from shallow water in the Observatory Bay, Kerguelen Islands, approximate coordinates
<geoCoordinate id="52D3EEAEFFB631029633FF4FBCFA07BA" box="[290,408,151,177]" degrees="49.4167" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" precision="5" value="-49.4167">49.4167°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="52D3EEAEFFB6310296B3FF4FBC9007BA" box="[418,498,151,177]" degrees="69.9" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" precision="5555" value="69.9">69.9°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<typeStatus id="E85C36CBFFB631029511FF4FBF0007BA" box="[512,610,151,177]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
ZMB 4800), by being thinner (
<quantity id="F01F258CFFB6310294C4FF4FB97807BA" box="[981,1050,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
vs
<quantity id="F01F258CFFB631029356FF4EB9FB07BA" box="[1095,1177,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
) and having indistinct skeletal tracts whereas the typical variety has these more clearly developed and consolidated by some spongin. Other characters, in particular the spicules, are similar in both.
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB631029470FF07B84E07F2" box="[865,1324,223,249]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB631029470FF07B96607F2" box="[865,1028,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Hymeniacidon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFB63102931DFF07B9B607F2" author="Bowerbank, J. S." box="[1036,1236,223,249]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref88901" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1866) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Vol. 2. Ray Society, London, xx + 388 pp. [https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 1905089]" type="book" year="1866">Bowerbank, 1866</bibRefCitation>
species
</taxonomicName>
generally do not appear to have highly differentiated morphological characters, so these small differences of the two varieties in combination with
<quantity id="F01F258CFFB631029693FEFEBC84064A" box="[386,486,294,321]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="km" value="4500.0">4500 km</quantity>
distance between Kerguelen and
<collectingRegion id="F523468BFFB631029470FEFFBEF9064A" box="[865,923,295,321]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Cape</collectingRegion>
Town may indicate they could be genetically distinct.Accordingly, I propose to distinguish them as subspecies,
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB63102947FFE93B91C066E" ID-CoL="3NHYC" box="[878,1150,331,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="kerguelensis" subSpecies="kerguelensis">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB63102947FFE93BEC0066E" box="[878,930,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">H. k.</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB6310294E2FE93B91C066E" box="[1011,1150,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">kerguelensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB6310293A1FE93B8F7066F" ID-CoL="5PF4D" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1914" box="[1200,1429,331,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="kerguelensis" subSpecies="capensis">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB6310293A1FE93B986066E" box="[1200,1252,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">H. k.</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB631029224FE93B8F7066F" box="[1333,1429,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both authored by
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFB63102964DFEB7BF6C0682" author="Hentschel, E." box="[348,526,367,393]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="35 - 141" refId="ref97475" refString="Hentschel, E. (1914) Monaxone Kieselschwamme und Hornschwamme der Deutschen S ¸ dpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche S ¸ dpolar-Expedition, 15 (1), 35 - 141, pls. IV - VIII. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2117076]" type="journal article" year="1914">Hentschel 1914</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7FFDDBE2FFB6310297D6FE4BBC1D0512" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="37588869FFB6310297D6FE4BBC1D0512" blockId="81.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
Other
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB631029605FE4BBCD506A6" ID-CoL="84P7M" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1866" box="[276,439,403,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB631029605FE4BBCD506A6" box="[276,439,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Hymeniacidon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
records from
<collectingCountry id="4FF0C8F9FFB631029579FE4BBF9C06A6" box="[616,766,403,429]" name="South Africa" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">South Africa</collectingCountry>
are
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB63102942BFE4BB9EF06A6" ID-CoL="3NHYZ" authority="(Montagu, 1814)" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1814" box="[826,1165,403,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlevis">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB63102942BFE4BBED906A6" box="[826,955,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">H. perlevis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFB6310294C1FE4BB9E606A6" author="Montagu, G." box="[976,1156,403,429]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="67 - 122" refId="ref102533" refString="Montagu, G. (1814) An Essay on Sponges, with Descriptions of all the Species that have been discovered on the Coast of Great Britain. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society, 2 (1), 67 - 122, pls. III - XVI. [https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 45847761]" type="journal article" year="1814">Montagu, 1814</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(also as
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB631029213FE4BBC0006DA" ID-CoL="3JBZL" authority="Bowerbank, 1866" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1866" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caruncula">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB631029213FE4BB8FF06A6" box="[1282,1437,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">H. caruncula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFB631029786FE6FBC0006DA" author="Bowerbank, J. S." box="[151,354,439,465]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref88901" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1866) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Vol. 2. Ray Society, London, xx + 388 pp. [https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 1905089]" type="book" year="1866">Bowerbank, 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), reported by
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFB6310296ECFE6FBFA106DA" author="Stephens, J." box="[509,707,438,465]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="423 - 467" refId="ref106912" refString="Stephens, J. (1915 a) Atlantic Sponges collected by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 50 (2), 423 - 467. [https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41766574] https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0080456800036012" type="journal article" year="1915">Stephens (1915a)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFB6310295DEFE6FBE9406DA" author="Samaai, T. &amp; Gibbons, M. J." box="[719,1014,438,465]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref105296" refString="Samaai, T. &amp; Gibbons, M. J. (2005) Demospongiae taxonomy and biodiversity of the Benguela region on the west coast of South Africa. African Natural History, 1, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="2005">Samaai &amp; Gibbons (2005)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFB63102933DFE6FB87106DA" author="Samaai, T. &amp; Turner, T. L. &amp; Kara, J. &amp; Yemane, D. &amp; Ngwakum, B. B. &amp; Payne, R. P. &amp; Kerwath, S." box="[1068,1299,439,465]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="14388" refId="ref105524" refString="Samaai, T., Turner, T. L., Kara, J., Yemane, D., Ngwakum, B. B., Payne, R. P. &amp; Kerwath, S. (2022) Confirmation of the southern African distribution of the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Montagu, 1814) in the context of its global dispersal. PeerJ, 10, e 14388. [https: // peerj. com / articles / 14388 /] https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 14388" type="journal article" year="2022">
Samaai
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB631029397FE6FB9DD06DA" box="[1158,1215,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB63102920FFE6FBC0006FE" ID-CoL="3NHZM" authority="(Stephens, 1915 a)" baseAuthorityName="Stephens" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stylifera">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB63102920FFE6FB8FE06DA" box="[1310,1436,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">H. stylifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFB63102978EFE03BC3906FE" author="Stephens, J." box="[159,347,474,501]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="423 - 467" refId="ref106912" refString="Stephens, J. (1915 a) Atlantic Sponges collected by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 50 (2), 423 - 467. [https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41766574] https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0080456800036012" type="journal article" year="1915">Stephens, 1915a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB631029683FE03BF4C06FE" box="[402,558,475,501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Leucophloeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB631029683FE03BF4C06FE" box="[402,558,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Leucophloeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and
<taxonomicName id="F0E7F3EAFFB631029567FE03B97D06FE" authority="Samaai &amp; Gibbons, 2005" authorityName="Samaai &amp; Gibbons" authorityYear="2005" box="[630,1055,474,501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="littoralis">
<emphasis id="0593547BFFB631029567FE03BF9B06FE" box="[630,761,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">H. littoralis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5376F598FFB631029413FE03B97D06FE" author="Samaai, T. &amp; Gibbons, M. J." box="[770,1055,474,501]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref105296" refString="Samaai, T. &amp; Gibbons, M. J. (2005) Demospongiae taxonomy and biodiversity of the Benguela region on the west coast of South Africa. African Natural History, 1, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="2005">Samaai &amp; Gibbons, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
all have longer and thicker styles and surface papillae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>