treatments-xml/data/A2/09/49/A209493BFD7DFFA2AFA61BACFA23BB58.xml

<document id="B62CAA31FFEC01F00731D5A692ACE8C9" ID-CLB-Dataset="202083" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5211.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bb97b9dd-2acc-4244-8f30-72bef07b9ed9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7345007" ID-ZooBank="5754769C-B747-4714-BDD9-7D5509D48BEB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1669101340847" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="López-García, Margarita M. &amp; Deloya, Cuauhtémoc" docDate="2022" docId="A209493BFD7DFFA2AFA61BACFA23BB58" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5211.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5211 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5211.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Ligyrus Casey 1915" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="5E303143FD5FFF81AF311956FFBEBC61" masterDocTitle="Cladistic analysis reveals polyphyly of Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae): new classification and taxonomic revision" masterLastPageNumber="119" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1699396337306" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="177DF3C34D03D8F2478394963E6C6AA4">Cladistic analysis reveals polyphyly of Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae): new classification and taxonomic revision</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DE6E286EDB82212FD99A1CEBE6BEB8CB">López-García, Margarita M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BE1EF2576C59C5E978EFB4062D722C0B">Deloya, Cuauhtémoc</mods:namePart>
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Subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD7DFFA3AE261BADFDB0BF75" authority="Casey, 1915" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[279,526,762,789]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7DFFA3AE261BADFECABF74" bold="true" box="[279,372,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ligyrus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD7DFFA3AE4A1BACFDB0BF75" author="Casey, T. L." box="[379,526,762,788]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 394" refId="ref88969" refString="Casey, T. L. (1915) A review of the American species of Rutelinae, Dynastinae, and Cetoniinae. Memoirs on the Coleoptera, 6, 1 - 394." type="journal article" year="1915">Casey, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
revised status
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7DFFA3AFA61A16FD8ABF36" blockId="34.[151,1436,831,886]" box="[151,564,831,855]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0AB0DF03FD7DFFA3AFA61A16FD8ABF36" box="[151,564,831,855]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<treatmentCitation id="AB01DE3CFD7DFFA3AFA61A16FE25BF36" author="Casey, T. L." box="[151,411,831,855]" page="192" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1915">
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD7DFFA3AFA61A16FE25BF36" authority="Casey, 1915: 192" authorityName="Casey" authorityPageNumber="192" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,411,831,855]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7DFFA3AFA61A16FF5ABF36" box="[151,228,832,855]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ligyrus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD7DFFA3AFDA1A69FE25BF36" author="Casey, T. L." box="[235,411,831,855]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 394" refId="ref88969" refString="Casey, T. L. (1915) A review of the American species of Rutelinae, Dynastinae, and Cetoniinae. Memoirs on the Coleoptera, 6, 1 - 394." type="journal article" year="1915">Casey, 1915: 192</bibRefCitation>
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(as subgenus).
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<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD7DFFA3AD0B1A16FDD2BF39" box="[570,620,832,856]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD7DFFA3ADFB1A69FB82BF36" ID-CoL="7YY5T" authority="De Geer, 1774" authorityName="De Geer" authorityYear="1774" box="[714,1084,831,855]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7DFFA3ADFB1A69FC1FBF36" box="[714,929,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Scarabaeus gibbosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD7DFFA3AC991A16FB82BF36" author="De Geer, C." box="[936,1084,831,855]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref89436" refString="De Geer, C. (1774) Memories pour Servir a l´Historie des Insectes. Vol. 4. L. L. Grefing, Stockholm, 456 pp." type="book" year="1774">De Geer, 1774</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by subsequent designation (
<treatmentCitation id="AB01DE3CFD7DFFA3AA6C1A69FE8EBF17" author="Casey, T. L." page="178" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1915">
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD7DFFA3AA6C1A69FE8EBF17" author="Casey, T. L." pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 394" refId="ref88969" refString="Casey, T. L. (1915) A review of the American species of Rutelinae, Dynastinae, and Cetoniinae. Memoirs on the Coleoptera, 6, 1 - 394." type="journal article" year="1915">Casey 1915: 178</bibRefCitation>
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).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD7DFFA3AFA61AF2FB7CBB7F" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7DFFA3AFA61AF2FB7CBB7F" blockId="34.[151,1437,932,2039]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7DFFA3AFA61AF2FE0BBFDF" bold="true" box="[151,437,932,958]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Description. (
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7DFFA3AE081AF2FEF7BFDF" bold="true" box="[313,329,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">n</emphasis>
= 4,381).
</emphasis>
Length 11.3–18.0 mm. Humeral width 5.9–10.0 mm. 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7DFFA3AB201AF2FBE4BFDF" bold="true" box="[1041,1114,932,958]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Head:</emphasis>
Clypeus triangular to subtriangular (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7DFFA3AFCB1A9EFECDBF83" box="[250,371,968,994]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="81.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-17@81.[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, D) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, E) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, H) Tomarus adoceteus, I) T. maimon, J) T. pullus, K) T. pumilus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345011/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 1E–G</figureCitation>
). Apex of clypeus with 1 or 2 triangular teeth, not or slightly separated. Ocular canthus rounded to acute, with ventral setae, without dorsal setae. Frons with carina, entire or interrupted at middle. Mentum triangular (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7DFFA3AFEE1D46FEE4B84B" box="[223,346,1040,1066]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-24@82.[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 2. Labium. A) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, B) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) allonasutus, C) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, D) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, E) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, F) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, G) Euligyrus ebenus, H) E. similis, I) Tomarus gyas, J) Tomarus selanderi, K) Tomarus subtropicus. Abbreviations: LL: Ligular lobes, LP: Labial palpus, M: Mentum, S: Suture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345015/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 2B–D</figureCitation>
), surface flat to strongly convex. Mentum and ligula separate. Ligula reduced, covered with short, sparse setae; ligular lobes fused, apex straight. Maxillary apical palpomere 2.0–2.5 times longer than the second. Maxilla with galea rectangular (3.0–3.5 times longer than wide) (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7DFFA3AC4A1D0EFC60B813" box="[891,990,1112,1138]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="83.[151,250,998,1022]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,185,967]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[151,1436,181,974]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maxilla. A) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, B) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) allonasutus. Numeration of teeth of galea: D) Euligyrus similis, E) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, F) Tomarus gyas, G) L. (Ligyrus) fossor, H) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345017/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs. 3C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7DFFA3ACDA1D0EFB8EB813" box="[1003,1072,1112,1138]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1118,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-81@83.[151,1437,1118,1848]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 4. Maxilla. A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) relictus, D) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, E) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, F) Tomarus gyas, G) Tomarus maternus, H) T. selanderi, I) T. subtropicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345023/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">4D–E</figureCitation>
); with 3–4 well-developed teeth (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7DFFA3AFAE1D2AFF43B8F7" box="[159,253,1148,1174]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="83.[151,250,998,1022]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,185,967]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[151,1436,181,974]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maxilla. A) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, B) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) allonasutus. Numeration of teeth of galea: D) Euligyrus similis, E) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, F) Tomarus gyas, G) L. (Ligyrus) fossor, H) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345017/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
), sometimes with 1–2 rudimentary teeth (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7DFFA3ADD71D2AFCFDB8F7" box="[742,835,1148,1174]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="83.[151,250,998,1022]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,185,967]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[151,1436,181,974]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maxilla. A) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, B) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) allonasutus. Numeration of teeth of galea: D) Euligyrus similis, E) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, F) Tomarus gyas, G) L. (Ligyrus) fossor, H) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345017/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
). Mandible with 2 apical teeth and a lateral widely rounded lobe (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7DFFA3AE081DF6FE0DB8DA" box="[313,435,1184,1211]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="84.[151,250,931,955]" captionTargetBox="[188,1400,181,907]" captionTargetId="figure-24@84.[188,1400,181,907]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 5. Mandible. A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) relictus, D) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, E) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, F) Tomarus rostratus, G) T. gyas, H) T. maternus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345025/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5D–E</figureCitation>
); tooth 1 with apex acute, longer and narrower than tooth 2. Labrum subquadrate (as long as wide); apex rounded to slightly bilobed; with long, dense setae (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7DFFA3AC481D92FC4AB8BF" box="[889,1012,1220,1246]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="84.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[185,1409,1024,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-74@84.[178,1409,1015,1940]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 6. Labrum. A) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, B) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) relictus, D) Tomarus gyas, E) T. maternus, F) T. selanderi, G) T. subtropicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345029/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 6A–B</figureCitation>
). Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club very long (2 times longer than antennomeres 2–7). 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7DFFA3ADE41DBEFCE6B963" bold="true" box="[725,856,1256,1282]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Pronotum:</emphasis>
Anterior marginal bead complete. Apex without tubercle or with acute tubercle; without fovea or with deep, wide fovea. 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7DFFA3AC951C5AFC44B947" bold="true" box="[932,1018,1292,1318]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Elytra:</emphasis>
Inner surface of apex with transverse small tubercles forming 50–115 parallel lines (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7DFFA3AD981C66FCA1B92B" box="[681,799,1328,1354]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-24@86.[151,1436,181,1688]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 8. Stridulatory apparatus. A, D) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, B, E) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, C, F) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, G, K) Tomarus amazonicus, H, L) T. maimon, I, M) T. maternus, J, N) T. gyas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345035/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 8E–F</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7DFFA3AC051C66FC37B92B" bold="true" box="[820,905,1328,1354]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Wings:</emphasis>
RA with dense, large peg-like setae on medial ventral region (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7DFFA3AE721C02FE24B90F" box="[323,410,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1391,1415]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1368]" captionTargetId="figure-17@85.[151,1436,181,1368]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 7. Left hindwing in ventral view. A, C) Euligyrus similis, B, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, F) Tomarus gyas, G) T. maternus, H) T. rostratus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345031/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
); with peg-like setae on dorsal surface. Edge of RA 
<subScript id="B624FA68FD7DFFA3ACEF1C30FC58B915" attach="left" box="[990,998,1382,1396]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">3</subScript>
with dense to sparse setae. 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7DFFA3AA2F1C02FA22B90F" bold="true" box="[1310,1436,1364,1390]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Abdomen:</emphasis>
Apex of tergite IV with a diagonal line of 9–11 short to large, transverse, parallel carinae (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7DFFA3ABB21C2EFB42B9F3" box="[1155,1276,1400,1426]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-24@86.[151,1436,181,1688]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 8. Stridulatory apparatus. A, D) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, B, E) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, C, F) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, G, K) Tomarus amazonicus, H, L) T. maimon, I, M) T. maternus, J, N) T. gyas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345035/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 8B–C</figureCitation>
). Sternite VIII emarginate in male; entire in female. Pygidium without rugosity (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7DFFA3ACBE1CCAFBB4B9D7" box="[911,1034,1436,1462]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="87.[151,250,1074,1098]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-17@87.[151,1436,181,1050]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pygidium of male. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, D) L. (Ligyrus) fossor, E) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, F) Tomarus bituberculatus, G) T. colombianus, H) T. maracaiboensis, I) T. pilcopataensis, J) T. pullus, K) T. roigjunenti, L) T. rostratus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345041/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 9C–E</figureCitation>
). Propygidium without stridulatory area. 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7DFFA3AFE71C96FE8EB9BB" bold="true" box="[214,304,1472,1498]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Venter:</emphasis>
Prosternum narrow, acute to slightly rounded. Propleura with long, dense setae on all the surface, sparser on medial area. Apex of prosternal process spherical to slightly oval, with dorsal, long setae. Metepisternum with incomplete, very thin carina; inner surface with deep, large punctures, with long setae; outer surface homogeneously rugose, with long, dense setae. Metasternum with small, deep, confluent punctures, with long, dense setae. 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7DFFA3AFA61F06FF66BA0B" bold="true" box="[151,216,1616,1642]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Legs:</emphasis>
Male protarsus simple; inner claw simple. Protibia tridentate; basal tooth slightly distant from others (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7DFFA3AA5E1F06FF56BAEF" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="88.[151,250,931,955]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,186,899]" captionTargetId="figure-24@88.[231,1357,181,907]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 11. Protibia in frontal view.A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, E) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, F) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, H) Tomarus bituberculatus, I) T. colombianus, J) T. pullus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345051/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 11F–G</figureCitation>
). Apical margin of mesotibia and metatibia entire (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7DFFA3AC131F22FC1BBAEF" box="[802,933,1652,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,1055,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@88.[233,1355,1052,1897]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 12. Mesotibia (A–F). A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei; E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, F) L. (Ligyrus) villosus. Metatibia (G–L). G) Euligyrus similis, H) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, I) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, J) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, K) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, L) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345053/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 12E–F</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7DFFA3AC891F22FB38BAEF" bold="true" box="[952,1158,1652,1678]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Female genitalia:</emphasis>
Subcoxite 1.5–2.0 times wider than long (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7DFFA3AE691FCEFE5FBAD3" box="[344,481,1688,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="89.[151,250,1041,1065]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,183,1016]" captionTargetId="figure-17@89.[151,1436,181,1017]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 13. Female genital plates. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, F) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, G) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, H) Tomarus laticaudus, I) T. maternus, J) T. rostratus, K) T. subtropicus. Abbreviations: SCx: Subcoxite, Cx: Coxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345057/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 13E–G</figureCitation>
). Coxite subquadrate to subrectangular; surface flat to strongly concave. Subcoxite 2 times wider and longer than or subequal in length to coxite. 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7DFFA3AC711FEAFC4ABAB7" bold="true" box="[832,1012,1724,1750]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Male genitalia:</emphasis>
Phallobase 1.2–1.3 times longer than parameres. Parameres without dorsal teeth (rarely with a dorsal long tooth), with ventral tooth. Internal sac with copulatory lamella and short to long lamellar spiny belt; accessory lamella irregular (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7DFFA3AB611E52FB0BBB7F" box="[1104,1205,1796,1822]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="96.[151,250,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[161,1418,194,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-24@96.[151,1435,181,1715]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="FIGURE 21. Internal sac. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus. Abbreviations:AL:Accessory lamellae, Br: Brush of setae, CL: Copulatory lamella, LSB: Lamellar spiny belt, Ra: Raspula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345085/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 21E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD7DFFA2AFF61E7EFC2FBC98" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7DFFA2AFF61E7EFC2FBC98" blockId="34.[151,1437,932,2039]" lastBlockId="35.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7DFFA3AFF61E7EFEFCBB23" bold="true" box="[199,322,1832,1858]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD7DFFA3AEDE1E7FFDFBBB23" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[495,581,1833,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7DFFA3AEDE1E7FFDFBBB23" box="[495,581,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ligyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated by the following: Triangular to subtriangular clypeus (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7DFFA3AFAE1E1AFEA4BB07" box="[159,282,1868,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="81.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-17@81.[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, D) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, E) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, H) Tomarus adoceteus, I) T. maimon, J) T. pullus, K) T. pumilus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345011/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 1E–G</figureCitation>
), clypeal teeth triangular to transverse; frontoclypeus with carina entire or interrupted at middle (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7DFFA3AA5E1E1AFF62BBEB" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="81.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-17@81.[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, D) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, E) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, H) Tomarus adoceteus, I) T. maimon, J) T. pullus, K) T. pumilus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345011/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 1E–G</figureCitation>
); mentum triangular (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7DFFA3AEE91E26FDE9BBEB" box="[472,599,1904,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-24@82.[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 2. Labium. A) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, B) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) allonasutus, C) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, D) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, E) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, F) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, G) Euligyrus ebenus, H) E. similis, I) Tomarus gyas, J) Tomarus selanderi, K) Tomarus subtropicus. Abbreviations: LL: Ligular lobes, LP: Labial palpus, M: Mentum, S: Suture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345015/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 2B–D</figureCitation>
); mentum and ligula separate; ligula reduced; covered with short, sparse setae; ligular lobes fused; galea with 3–4 well-developed teeth, sometimes with 1–2 rudimentary teeth (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7DFFA3AA0F1EC2FF6FBBB3" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="83.[151,250,998,1022]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,185,967]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[151,1436,181,974]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maxilla. A) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, B) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) allonasutus. Numeration of teeth of galea: D) Euligyrus similis, E) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, F) Tomarus gyas, G) L. (Ligyrus) fossor, H) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345017/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 3C, G, H</figureCitation>
); antennal club very long; pronotum with or without fovea or tubercle; protibia tridentate, basal tooth slightly distant from others (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7DFFA3AE4B1E8AFE41BB97" box="[378,511,2012,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="88.[151,250,931,955]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,186,899]" captionTargetId="figure-24@88.[231,1357,181,907]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 11. Protibia in frontal view.A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, E) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, F) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, H) Tomarus bituberculatus, I) T. colombianus, J) T. pullus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345051/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 11F–G</figureCitation>
); protarsus of male simple, inner claw simple; internal sac with copulatory lamella and short to long lamellar spiny belt; accessory lamella irregular (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7CFFA2ACB119C1FC58BCD0" box="[896,998,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="96.[151,250,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[161,1418,194,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-24@96.[151,1435,181,1715]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="FIGURE 21. Internal sac. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus. Abbreviations:AL:Accessory lamellae, Br: Brush of setae, CL: Copulatory lamella, LSB: Lamellar spiny belt, Ra: Raspula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345085/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 21E</figureCitation>
); stridulatory apparatus consisting of a diagonal line of 9–11 short to large, transverse, parallel carinae on apex of sternite IV and apical inner surface of elytra with transverse small tubercles forming 50–115 parallel lines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD7CFFA2AFF61854FBCBBD7C" box="[199,1141,258,285]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="synonymic_list">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFF61854FBCBBD7C" blockId="35.[151,1436,151,357]" box="[199,1141,258,285]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AFF61854FED9BD7D" bold="true" box="[199,359,258,284]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Composition.</emphasis>
Thirteen species are recognized as members of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD7CFFA2AB281855FBD1BD7D" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[1049,1135,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AB281855FBD1BD7D" box="[1049,1135,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD7CFFA2AFF61870FACFBD04" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFF61870FACFBD04" blockId="35.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AFF61870FE50BD21" bold="true" box="[199,494,294,320]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
This is the most widely distributed subgenus with species ranging from 
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2AA201871FA3EBD20" box="[1297,1408,295,321]" name="Argentina" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Argentina</collectingCountry>
to 
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2AFA6181DFF50BD04" box="[151,238,331,357]" name="Canada" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Canada</collectingCountry>
, including the West Indies. Species are mainly found in dry ecosystems such as deserts and dry forests.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD7CFFA2AFA618E1FD1DBDB0" box="[151,675,438,465]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA618E1FD1DBDB0" blockId="35.[151,675,438,465]" box="[151,675,438,465]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AFA618E1FD1DBDB0" bold="true" box="[151,675,438,465]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Key to the species of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD7CFFA2AD7718E1FD1DBDB0" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[582,675,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AD7718E1FD1DBDB0" bold="true" box="[582,675,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD7CFFA2AFA618AAFA23BB58" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="key">
<key id="5E31AF1CFD7CFFA2AFA618AAFA23BB58" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyStep id="9154E088FD7CFFA2AFA618AAFA22BE08" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA618AAFA22BE4F" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA618AAFA22BE4F" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
1. Frontoclypeal carina interrupted at middle (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7CFFA2ADBB18AAFD69BE70" box="[650,727,508,530]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="81.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-17@81.[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, D) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, E) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, H) Tomarus adoceteus, I) T. maimon, J) T. pullus, K) T. pumilus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345011/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
). Mesotibia not or only slightly narrowed before apex. Maxilla with 4–6 teeth. Species from the West Indies and South America....................................................... 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61B61FA22BE08" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61B61FA22BE08" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
- Frontoclypeal carina complete (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7CFFA2AD201B60FDCBBE2A" box="[529,629,566,588]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="81.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-17@81.[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, D) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, E) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, H) Tomarus adoceteus, I) T. maimon, J) T. pullus, K) T. pumilus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345011/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 1E–F</figureCitation>
). Mesotibia strongly narrowed before apex (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7CFFA2AB2A1B60FBCFBE2A" box="[1051,1137,566,588]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,1055,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@88.[233,1355,1052,1897]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 12. Mesotibia (A–F). A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei; E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, F) L. (Ligyrus) villosus. Metatibia (G–L). G) Euligyrus similis, H) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, I) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, J) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, K) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, L) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345053/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 12E</figureCitation>
). Maxilla with 3 teeth (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7CFFA2AA7F1B60FF48BE08" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="83.[151,250,998,1022]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,185,967]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[151,1436,181,974]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maxilla. A) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, B) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) allonasutus. Numeration of teeth of galea: D) Euligyrus similis, E) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, F) Tomarus gyas, G) L. (Ligyrus) fossor, H) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345017/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 3C, H</figureCitation>
). Species from North or Central America................................................................. 8
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9154E088FD7CFFA2AFA61B27FA22BEBF" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61B27FA23BEC5" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61B27FA23BEC5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
2. Maxilla with 6 teeth (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7CFFA2AE8A1B27FDB5BEE7" box="[443,523,625,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="83.[151,250,998,1022]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,185,967]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[151,1436,181,974]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maxilla. A) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, B) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) allonasutus. Numeration of teeth of galea: D) Euligyrus similis, E) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, F) Tomarus gyas, G) L. (Ligyrus) fossor, H) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345017/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
). Parameres with a large, dorsal tooth on each side, apex straight (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7CFFA2AB971B27FB41BEE6" box="[1190,1279,625,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,183,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-24@90.[151,1436,181,1512]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 15. Parameres in frontal view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, H) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, I) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, J) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, K) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, L) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, M) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, N) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, O) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, P) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, Q) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, R) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, S) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, T) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345063/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 15L</figureCitation>
). Female coxite strongly concave (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7CFFA2AEA31BD8FE57BEC2" box="[402,489,654,676]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="89.[151,250,1041,1065]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,183,1016]" captionTargetId="figure-17@89.[151,1436,181,1017]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 13. Female genital plates. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, F) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, G) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, H) Tomarus laticaudus, I) T. maternus, J) T. rostratus, K) T. subtropicus. Abbreviations: SCx: Subcoxite, Cx: Coxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345057/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 13G</figureCitation>
)............................................ 
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD7CFFA2AB321BD8FA23BEC5" authority="(Latreille, 1813)" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[1027,1437,654,676]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fossor" subGenus="Ligyrus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AB321BD8FA23BEC5" bold="true" box="[1027,1437,654,676]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AB321BD8FBF1BEC2" bold="true" box="[1027,1103,654,675]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AB6C1BD8FB17BEC2" bold="true" box="[1117,1193,654,675]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AB861BD8FB4DBEC5" bold="true" box="[1207,1267,654,676]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">fossor</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD7CFFA2ABCE1BD8FA2BBEC5" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[1279,1429,654,676]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref91120" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1813) Insectes de l'Amerique equinoxiale recueillis pendant le voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland, Seconde partie. In: Smith, C. J. &amp; Gide, E. C. (Eds.), Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland, Deuxieme Partie. Observations de Zoologie et d'Anatomie Comparee. Schoell et Dufour, Paris, pp. 1 - 64." type="book chapter" year="1813">Latreille, 1813</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61BFAFA22BEBF" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61BFAFA22BEBF" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
- Maxilla with 4–5 teeth. Parameres without dorsal teeth with a ventral tooth each side, apex variable. Female coxite flat (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7CFFA2AA441BFAFEB6BEBF" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="89.[151,250,1041,1065]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,183,1016]" captionTargetId="figure-17@89.[151,1436,181,1017]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 13. Female genital plates. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, F) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, G) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, H) Tomarus laticaudus, I) T. maternus, J) T. rostratus, K) T. subtropicus. Abbreviations: SCx: Subcoxite, Cx: Coxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345057/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 13F</figureCitation>
)................................................................................................ 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9154E088FD7CFFA2AFA61BB0FA22BF7B" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61BB0FA22BE9A" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" box="[151,1436,742,764]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61BB0FA22BE9A" box="[151,1436,742,764]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">3. Pronotum without fovea or tubercle....................................................................... 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61A52FA22BF7B" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" box="[151,1436,772,794]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61A52FA22BF7B" box="[151,1436,772,794]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Pronotum with fovea and tubercle. If fovea absent, then pronotum nearly smooth, with minute, sparse punctures.......... 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9154E088FD7CFFA2AFA61A77FA22BFEE" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61A77FA23BF35" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61A77FA23BF35" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
4. Parameres with acute, triangular apex (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7CFFA2AD6F1A77FD04BF56" box="[606,698,801,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,183,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-24@90.[151,1436,181,1512]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 15. Parameres in frontal view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, H) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, I) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, J) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, K) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, L) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, M) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, N) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, O) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, P) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, Q) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, R) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, S) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, T) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345063/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs. 15P</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7CFFA2ADF41A77FD4CBF57" box="[709,754,801,822]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1597,1621]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,184,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-17@93.[151,1436,181,1573]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 18. Parameres in lateral view.A) L. (Ligyrus.) allonasutus, B) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, C) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, D) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, E) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, H) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, I) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, J) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, K) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, L) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345077/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">18H</figureCitation>
). Metatibia strongly narrowed before apex. Apex of metatibia with 19 spinules. 
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2AE0C1A68FEC6BF35" box="[317,376,830,852]" name="Brazil" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.................................... 
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD7CFFA2AC1A1A68FA23BF35" authority="(Lopez-Garcia &amp; Deloya, 2019)" authorityName="López-García &amp; Deloya" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Lopez-Garcia &amp; Deloya" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[811,1437,829,852]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranaensis" subGenus="Ligyrus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AC1A1A68FA23BF35" bold="true" box="[811,1437,829,852]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AC1A1A68FCC9BF32" bold="true" box="[811,887,830,851]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ACB41A68FC6FBF32" bold="true" box="[901,977,830,851]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ACEE1A68FBE9BF32" bold="true" box="[991,1111,830,851]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">paranaensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD7CFFA2AB521A6BFA2BBF35" author="Lopez-Garcia, M. M. &amp; Deloya, C." box="[1123,1429,829,852]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref91328" refString="Lopez-Garcia, M. M. &amp; Deloya, C. (2019) Five new species of the dynastine genus Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), with an illustrated key to species. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 73, 127 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 73.1.127" type="journal article" year="2019">López-García &amp; Deloya, 2019</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61A0AFA22BFEE" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61A0AFA22BFEE" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
- Parameres with apex truncate to round (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7CFFA2AD6C1A0AFD08BF10" box="[605,694,859,882]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,183,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-24@90.[151,1436,181,1512]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 15. Parameres in frontal view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, H) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, I) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, J) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, K) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, L) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, M) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, N) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, O) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, P) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, Q) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, R) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, S) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, T) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345063/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 15K</figureCitation>
). Metatibia not narrowed before apex, sides nearly parallel. Apex of metatibia with 25–29 spinules................................................................................... 5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9154E088FD7CFFA2AFA61AC0FA22B862" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61AC0FD17BFA8" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61AC0FD17BFA8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
5. Parameres wide, with parallel sides, and minute spines on apicolateral 3rd; ventral teeth short, triangular. 
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2ABE41AC0FA8BBFCD" box="[1237,1333,918,940]" name="Argentina" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Argentina</collectingCountry>
.. 
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD7CFFA2AA611AC0FD17BFA8" authority="(Neita &amp; Ratcliffe, 2017)" authorityName="López-García &amp; Deloya" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Neita &amp; Ratcliffe" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipenis" subGenus="Ligyrus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AA611AC0FD17BFA8" bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AA611AC0FA22BFCA" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,918,939]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AFDB1AE5FE88BFA9" bold="true" box="[234,310,947,968]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AE751AE5FE16BFA9" bold="true" box="[324,424,947,968]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">spinipenis</emphasis>
(Neita &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD7CFFA2AD3C1AE5FD1FBFA8" author="Ratcliffe, B. C. &amp; Cave, R. D." box="[525,673,947,969]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 298" refId="ref92923" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C. &amp; Cave, R. D. (2017) The dynastine scarab beetles of the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, 30, 1 - 298." type="journal article" year="2017">Ratcliffe, 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61A87FA22B862" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61A87FA22B862" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
- Parameres slender, apex narrowed, without spines on apicolateral 3rd; ventral teeth long (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7CFFA2AB7C1A87FB16BF86" box="[1101,1192,977,999]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,183,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-24@90.[151,1436,181,1512]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 15. Parameres in frontal view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, H) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, I) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, J) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, K) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, L) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, M) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, N) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, O) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, P) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, Q) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, R) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, S) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, T) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345063/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 15K</figureCitation>
). 
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2AB8B1A87FABDBF86" box="[1210,1283,977,999]" name="Bolivia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2AA3C1A87FAD1BF86" box="[1293,1391,977,999]" name="Argentina" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2AFD31AB8FEA3B865" box="[226,285,1006,1028]" name="Brazil" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.......................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD7CFFA2ACED1AB8FA22B862" authority="Steinheil, 1874" authorityName="Steinheil" authorityYear="1874" box="[988,1436,1006,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burmeisteri" subGenus="Ligyrus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ACED1AB8FA22B862" bold="true" box="[988,1436,1006,1028]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ACED1AB8FB96B862" bold="true" box="[988,1064,1006,1027]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AB071AB8FB3CB862" bold="true" box="[1078,1154,1006,1027]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ABA11AB8FABFB865" bold="true" box="[1168,1281,1006,1028]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">burmeisteri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD7CFFA2AA361AB8FA22B862" author="Steinheil, E." box="[1287,1436,1006,1028]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="554 - 578" refId="ref93491" refString="Steinheil, E. (1874) Symbolae ad historiam Coleopterorum Argentinae meridionalis, ossia enumerazione dei coleotteri raccolti dal Prof. Strobel, durante il suo soggiorno in Buenos Aires e nei viaggi de la intrapresi a Mendoza e nal Chili, indi a Bahia Blanca ed al Carmen de los Patagones; e descrizione delle specie nuove. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 15, 554 - 578. [1872]" type="journal article" year="1874">Steinheil, 1874</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9154E088FD7CFFA2AFA61D5AFA22B8F7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61D5AFA23B83D" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61D5AFA23B83D" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
6. Frontal carina widely interrupted at middle. Pronotum and elytra nearly smooth, with minute, sparse punctures. Pronotal fovea absent. Pronotal tubercle absent, with a slight swelling at apex. 
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2AC751D7FFCCCB85F" box="[836,882,1065,1086]" name="Peru" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Peru</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2AC4D1D7FFC0CB85E" box="[892,946,1065,1087]" name="Chile" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Chile</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2ACD21D7FFBFDB85E" box="[995,1091,1065,1087]" name="Argentina" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Argentina</collectingCountry>
........................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD7CFFA2ACEB1D10FA23B83D" authority="(Burmeister, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[986,1437,1094,1116]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus" subGenus="Ligyrus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ACEB1D10FA23B83D" bold="true" box="[986,1437,1094,1116]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ACEB1D10FB98B83A" bold="true" box="[986,1062,1094,1115]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AB051D10FB3EB83A" bold="true" box="[1076,1152,1094,1115]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ABBF1D10FB67B83D" bold="true" box="[1166,1241,1094,1116]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">villosus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD7CFFA2ABD71D10FA2BB83D" author="Burmeister, H." box="[1254,1429,1094,1116]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref88626" refString="Burmeister, H. (1847) Handbuch der Entomologie. Coleoptera Lamellicornia, Xylophila et Pectinicornia. Band 5. Enslin, Berlin, viii + 584 pp." type="book" year="1847">Burmeister, 1847</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61D32FA22B8F7" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61D32FA22B8F7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Frontal carina narrowly interrupted at middle. Pronotum and elytra strongly punctate, with small to large punctures. Pronotal fovea small to large. Pronotal tubercle large, conical to triangular............................................... 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9154E088FD7CFFA2AFA61DC9FA22B949" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61DC9FA23B88E" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61DC9FA23B88E" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
7. Pronotal fovea large, deep, about 1.2 times interocular width. Clypeus short and with lateral margins perpendicularly elevated. Clypeal teeth triangular to transverse, separated by a tooth diameter. 
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2AC471DEAFC0DB8B3" box="[886,947,1212,1234]" name="Brazil" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2AC8A1DEAFBA3B8B3" box="[955,1053,1212,1234]" name="Argentina" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2AB7E1DEAFB1DB8B0" box="[1103,1187,1212,1233]" name="Uruguay" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
................................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD7CFFA2ACD31D8FFA23B88E" authority="(Boheman, 1858)" baseAuthorityName="Boheman" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[994,1437,1240,1263]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubripes" subGenus="Ligyrus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ACD31D8FFA23B88E" bold="true" box="[994,1437,1240,1263]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ACD31D8FFB90B88F" bold="true" box="[994,1070,1241,1262]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AB0D1D8FFB36B88F" bold="true" box="[1084,1160,1241,1262]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ABA71D8EFB57B88F" bold="true" box="[1174,1257,1240,1262]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">rubripes</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD7CFFA2ABC61D8FFA2BB88E" author="Boheman, C. H." box="[1271,1429,1241,1263]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref88465" refString="Boheman, C. H. (1858) Coleoptera. Species novas descripsit. In: Kongliga svenska fregatten Eugenies resa omkring jorden under befal af C. A. Virgin; aren 1851 - 1853 Vetenskapliga Iakttagelser. II. Zoologi. 1. Insecta. P. A. Norstedt &amp; Soner, Stockholm, pp. 1 - 112." type="book chapter" year="1858">Boheman, 1858</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61DA1FA22B949" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61DA1FA22B949" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
-. Pronotal fovea small, shallow, 1/4 times interocular width. Clypeus long, strongly narrowed towards apex, lateral margins not elevated. Clypeal teeth long, acute, not separated. 
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2ADF31C42FC9CB94B" box="[706,802,1300,1322]" name="Argentina" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Argentina</collectingCountry>
.............. 
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD7CFFA2ACE61C45FA22B949" authority="Fairmaire, 1892" authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1892" box="[983,1436,1299,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidentulus" subGenus="Ligyrus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ACE61C45FA22B949" bold="true" box="[983,1436,1299,1321]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ACE61C45FB9DB949" bold="true" box="[983,1059,1299,1320]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AB001C45FBC3B949" bold="true" box="[1073,1149,1299,1320]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ABBA1C45FB4DB948" bold="true" box="[1163,1267,1299,1321]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">bidentulus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD7CFFA2ABC81C45FA22B949" author="Fairmaire, L." box="[1273,1436,1299,1321]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="242 - 253" refId="ref90130" refString="Fairmaire, L. (1892) Descriptions de quelques coleopteres argentins. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 36, 242 - 253." type="journal article" year="1892">Fairmaire, 1892</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9154E088FD7CFFA2AFA61C67FA22B902" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61C67FA22B927" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" box="[151,1436,1329,1351]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61C67FA22B927" box="[151,1436,1329,1351]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">8. Pronotum without fovea or tubercle (apex sometimes with small swelling)........................................ 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61C19FA22B902" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" box="[151,1436,1358,1380]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61C19FA22B902" box="[151,1436,1358,1380]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Pronotum with prominent fovea and tubercle.............................................................. 10</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9154E088FD7CFFA2AFA61C3AFA23B9B8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61C3AFA23B9FE" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61C3AFA23B9FE" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
9. Frontoclypeal carina bilobed (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7CFFA2AD371C3AFDF1B9E0" box="[518,591,1388,1410]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="81.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-17@81.[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, D) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, E) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, H) Tomarus adoceteus, I) T. maimon, J) T. pullus, K) T. pumilus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345011/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
). Apex of pronotum with a small swelling. Ventral teeth of parameres long (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7CFFA2AA061C3AFA2FB9E0" box="[1335,1425,1387,1410]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,183,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-24@90.[151,1436,181,1512]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 15. Parameres in frontal view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, H) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, I) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, J) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, K) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, L) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, M) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, N) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, O) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, P) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, Q) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, R) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, S) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, T) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345063/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 15N</figureCitation>
). 
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD7CFFA2AFD31CDFFE91B9FF" box="[226,303,1417,1438]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Yucatán</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2AE0D1CDFFE36B9FE" box="[316,392,1417,1439]" name="Mexico" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Mexico</collectingCountry>
)................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD7CFFA2ACE61CDFFA23B9FE" authority="(Burmeister, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[983,1437,1417,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nasutus" subGenus="Ligyrus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ACE61CDFFA23B9FE" bold="true" box="[983,1437,1417,1439]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ACE61CDFFB9DB9FF" bold="true" box="[983,1059,1417,1438]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AB001CDFFBC3B9FF" bold="true" box="[1073,1149,1417,1438]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ABBA1CDFFB66B9FF" bold="true" box="[1163,1240,1417,1438]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">nasutus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD7CFFA2ABD71CDFFA2BB9FE" author="Burmeister, H." box="[1254,1429,1417,1439]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref88626" refString="Burmeister, H. (1847) Handbuch der Entomologie. Coleoptera Lamellicornia, Xylophila et Pectinicornia. Band 5. Enslin, Berlin, viii + 584 pp." type="book" year="1847">Burmeister, 1847</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61CF1FA23B9B8" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61CF1FA23B9B8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
- Frontoclypeal carina straight. Apex of pronotum flat. Ventral teeth of parameres short (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7CFFA2AB121CF0FBCCB9DD" box="[1059,1138,1446,1468]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,183,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-24@90.[151,1436,181,1512]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 15. Parameres in frontal view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, H) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, I) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, J) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, K) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, L) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, M) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, N) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, O) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, P) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, Q) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, R) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, S) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, T) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345063/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 15I</figureCitation>
). Western Mexico to 
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2AA0E1CF1FA35B9DD" box="[1343,1419,1447,1468]" name="Panama" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Panama</collectingCountry>
............................................. 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ADCB1C95FA23B9B8" bold="true" box="[762,1437,1475,1497]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD7CFFA2ADCB1C95FAA2B9B8" authority="Lopez-Garcia &amp; Deloya" authorityName="Lopez-Garcia &amp; Deloya" authorityYear="2022" box="[762,1308,1475,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="allonasutus" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Ligyrus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ADCB1C95FCF8B9B9" bold="true" box="[762,838,1475,1496]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AC651C95FC1EB9B9" bold="true" box="[852,928,1475,1496]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AC9F1C95FB9FB9B8" bold="true" box="[942,1057,1475,1497]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">allonasutus</emphasis>
López-García &amp; Deloya
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="03E79944FD7CFFA2AA171C92FA23B9B8" box="[1318,1437,1475,1497]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9154E088FD7CFFA2AFA61CB7FA22BA72" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61CB7FA22B997" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" box="[151,1436,1505,1527]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61CB7FA22B997" box="[151,1436,1505,1527]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">10. Clypeus triangular, ending in a central acute teeth, sometimes slightly bifid...................................... 11</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61CA9FA22BA72" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" box="[151,1436,1534,1556]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61CA9FA22BA72" box="[151,1436,1534,1556]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">- Clypeus subtriangular, with 2 acute to transverse teeth....................................................... 12</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9154E088FD7CFFA2AFA61F4AFA23BAE8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61F4AFA22BA2F" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61F4AFA22BA2F" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
11. Parameres strongly widened at apex, without acute ventral teeth (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7CFFA2AC7A1F4AFC21BA50" box="[843,927,1563,1586]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,183,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-24@90.[151,1436,181,1512]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 15. Parameres in frontal view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, H) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, I) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, J) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, K) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, L) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, M) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, N) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, O) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, P) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, Q) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, R) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, S) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, T) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345063/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 15S</figureCitation>
). Southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2AB011F4AFAA1BA53" box="[1072,1311,1564,1586]" name="United States of America" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">United States of America</collectingCountry>
and northern 
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2AFD31F6FFE95BA2E" box="[226,299,1593,1615]" name="Mexico" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.......................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD7CFFA2ACDD1F6FFA22BA2F" authority="LeConte, 1856" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1856" box="[1004,1436,1593,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruginasus" subGenus="Ligyrus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ACDD1F6FFA22BA2F" bold="true" box="[1004,1436,1593,1615]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ACDD1F6FFB86BA2F" bold="true" box="[1004,1080,1593,1614]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AB771F6FFB2CBA2F" bold="true" box="[1094,1170,1593,1614]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AB911F6FFABDBA2F" bold="true" box="[1184,1283,1593,1614]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">ruginasus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD7CFFA2AA391F6FFA22BA2F" author="LeConte, J. L." box="[1288,1436,1593,1615]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="19 - 25" refId="ref91224" refString="LeConte, J. L. (1856) Notice of three genera of Scarabaeidae found in the United States. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 8, 19 - 25." type="journal article" year="1856">LeConte, 1856</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61F01FA23BAE8" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61F01FA23BAE8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
- Parameres slightly widened at apex, with medial acute teeth (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7CFFA2AC1B1F00FC3ABA0D" box="[810,900,1622,1644]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,183,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-24@90.[151,1436,181,1512]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 15. Parameres in frontal view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, H) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, I) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, J) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, K) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, L) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, M) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, N) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, O) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, P) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, Q) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, R) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, S) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, T) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345063/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 15Q</figureCitation>
). Southwestern 
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2AB2D1F00FAB3BA0D" box="[1052,1293,1622,1644]" name="United States of America" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">United States of America</collectingCountry>
and Baja 
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD7CFFA2AA5D1F00FEA5BAEB" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">California</collectingRegion>
Peninsula.................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD7CFFA2ACD11F25FA23BAE8" authority="(Casey, 1915)" authorityName="López-García &amp; Deloya" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Casey" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[992,1437,1651,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peninsularis" subGenus="Ligyrus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ACD11F25FA23BAE8" bold="true" box="[992,1437,1651,1673]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ACD11F25FB92BAE9" bold="true" box="[992,1068,1651,1672]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AB0B1F25FB38BAE9" bold="true" box="[1082,1158,1651,1672]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ABA51F25FAB1BAE8" bold="true" box="[1172,1295,1651,1673]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">peninsularis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD7CFFA2AA2A1F25FA2BBAE8" author="Casey, T. L." box="[1307,1429,1651,1673]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 394" refId="ref88969" refString="Casey, T. L. (1915) A review of the American species of Rutelinae, Dynastinae, and Cetoniinae. Memoirs on the Coleoptera, 6, 1 - 394." type="journal article" year="1915">Casey, 1915</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="9154E088FD7CFFA2AFA61FC7FA23BB58" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61FC7FA23BA80" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61FC7FA23BA80" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
12. External surface of protibial, in frontal view, nearly smooth, with only minute, sparse punctures. Pronotum and elytra deeply punctate, punctures large, round. Apical half of parameres wide and with parallel sides, ventral tooth wide and located apically (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7CFFA2AFD81F9AFEFDBA80" box="[233,323,1739,1762]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,183,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-24@90.[151,1436,181,1512]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 15. Parameres in frontal view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, H) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, I) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, J) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, K) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, L) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, M) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, N) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, O) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, P) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, Q) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, R) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, S) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, T) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345063/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 15O</figureCitation>
). 
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2AE621F9AFDFBBA83" box="[339,581,1740,1762]" name="United States of America" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">United States of America</collectingCountry>
.................................. 
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD7CFFA2ACD01F9DFA23BA80" authority="(LeConte, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="LeConte" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[993,1437,1739,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neglectus" subGenus="Ligyrus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ACD01F9DFA23BA80" bold="true" box="[993,1437,1739,1761]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ACD01F9DFB93BA81" bold="true" box="[993,1069,1739,1760]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AB0A1F9DFB39BA81" bold="true" box="[1083,1159,1739,1760]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ABA41F9DFB4CBA80" bold="true" box="[1173,1266,1739,1761]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">neglectus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD7CFFA2ABCE1F9DFA2BBA80" author="LeConte, J. L." box="[1279,1429,1739,1761]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="71 - 93" refId="ref91193" refString="LeConte, J. L. (1847) Fragmenta entomologica. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Series 2, 1, 71 - 93." type="journal article" year="1847">LeConte, 1847</bibRefCitation>
)
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD7CFFA2AFA61FBFFA23BB58" blockId="35.[151,1437,508,1850]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="91515B18FD7CFFA2AFA61FBFFA23BB58" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
- External surface of protibia, in frontal view, deeply punctate. Pronotum and elytra with minute to small punctures. Apical half of parameres slender and slightly narrowed, ventral tooth triangular and located medially (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD7CFFA2AB0E1E50FB22BB7D" box="[1087,1180,1798,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,183,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-24@90.[151,1436,181,1512]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 15. Parameres in frontal view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, H) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, I) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, J) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, K) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, L) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, M) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, N) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, O) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, P) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, Q) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, R) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, S) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, T) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345063/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 15M</figureCitation>
). 
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2AB9D1E50FA23BB7D" box="[1196,1437,1798,1820]" name="United States of America" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">United States of America</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD7CFFA2AE3A1E72FEEABB5B" box="[267,340,1828,1850]" name="Mexico" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Mexico</collectingCountry>
....................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD7CFFA2ACDC1E75FA23BB58" authority="(De Geer, 1774)" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[1005,1437,1827,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus" subGenus="Ligyrus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ACDC1E75FA23BB58" bold="true" box="[1005,1437,1827,1849]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2ACDC1E75FB87BB59" bold="true" box="[1005,1081,1827,1848]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AB761E75FB2DBB59" bold="true" box="[1095,1171,1827,1848]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ligyrus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD7CFFA2AB901E75FB46BB58" bold="true" box="[1185,1272,1827,1849]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">gibbosus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD7CFFA2AA341E75FA2BBB58" author="De Geer, C." box="[1285,1429,1827,1849]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref89436" refString="De Geer, C. (1774) Memories pour Servir a l´Historie des Insectes. Vol. 4. L. L. Grefing, Stockholm, 456 pp." type="book" year="1774">De Geer, 1774</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>