564 lines
55 KiB
XML
564 lines
55 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C82D93233C7E317F5FF68CBC0D8547E8">Cladistic analysis reveals polyphyly of Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae): new classification and taxonomic revision</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="952EAEEFF4C8D8E3C7970A553E563D8F">López-García, Margarita M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7B28C4A372F7BEEA4C0C27D1B54A1D22">Deloya, Cuauhtémoc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7AFE8FF45085C6046A67C38962C81135">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E13EB508A0106389F05100A8A06A353D">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="A209493BFD77FFA8AFA619C1FBFDBE5C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345049" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205794560" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7345049" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD77FFA8AFA619C1FBFDBE5C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A209493BFD77FFA8AFA619C1FBFDBE5C" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD77FFA9AFA619C1FD32BCD0" blockId="40.[151,652,151,214]" box="[151,652,151,177]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<heading id="71574F41FD77FFA9AFA619C1FD32BCD0" bold="true" box="[151,652,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD77FFA9AFA619C1FD32BCD0" ID-CoL="7ZP6W" authority="(Latreille, 1813)" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[151,652,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fossor" subGenus="Ligyrus">
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AFA619C1FD32BCD0" bold="true" box="[151,652,151,177]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AFA619C1FF4ABCD0" bold="true" box="[151,244,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ligyrus</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AE3419C1FEDCBCD0" bold="true" box="[261,354,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ligyrus</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AE4219C1FE02BCD0" bold="true" box="[371,444,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">fossor</emphasis>
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(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD77FFA9AEFD19C1FD3DBCD0" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[460,643,151,177]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref91120" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1813) Insectes de l'Amerique equinoxiale recueillis pendant le voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland, Seconde partie. In: Smith, C. J. & Gide, E. C. (Eds.), Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland, Deuxieme Partie. Observations de Zoologie et d'Anatomie Comparee. Schoell et Dufour, Paris, pp. 1 - 64." type="book chapter" year="1813">Latreille, 1813</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD77FFA9AFA619EDFE52BCB4" box="[151,492,187,214]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD77FFA9AFA619EDFE52BCB4" blockId="40.[151,652,151,214]" box="[151,492,187,214]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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(
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<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD77FFA9AFAE19EDFEBDBCB4" box="[159,259,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="87.[151,250,1074,1098]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-17@87.[151,1436,181,1050]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pygidium of male. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, D) L. (Ligyrus) fossor, E) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, F) Tomarus bituberculatus, G) T. colombianus, H) T. maracaiboensis, I) T. pilcopataensis, J) T. pullus, K) T. roigjunenti, L) T. rostratus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345041/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figs. 9D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD77FFA9AE3E19EDFE81BCB7" box="[271,319,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,183,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-24@90.[151,1436,181,1512]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 15. Parameres in frontal view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, H) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, I) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, J) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, K) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, L) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, M) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, N) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, O) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, P) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, Q) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, R) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, S) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, T) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345063/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">15L</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD77FFA9AE7B19EDFEC2BCB4" box="[330,380,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1597,1621]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,184,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-17@93.[151,1436,181,1573]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 18. Parameres in lateral view.A) L. (Ligyrus.) allonasutus, B) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, C) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, D) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, E) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, H) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, I) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, J) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, K) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, L) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345077/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">18D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD77FFA9AEB919EDFE02BCB4" box="[392,444,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="101.[151,250,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[159,1430,189,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-17@101.[151,1436,181,1803]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURE 26. Habitus of the species of Ligyrus. Subgenus Ligyrus: A) Ligyrus fossor, B) L. gibbosus, C) L. nasutus, D) L. neglectus, E) L. paranaensis, F) L. peninsularis, G) L. rubripes, H) L. ruginasus, I) L. villosus. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345101/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">26A</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD77FFA9AEF619EDFE5ABCB4" box="[455,484,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="109.[151,250,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[174,1418,181,1081]" captionTargetId="figure-17@109.[169,1418,181,1086]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIGURE 37. Distributional records of Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor and L. neglectus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345141" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345141/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">37</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD77FFA9AFA61856FD42BD79" box="[151,764,256,280]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD77FFA9AFA61856FD42BD79" blockId="40.[151,1437,256,402]" box="[151,764,256,280]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="0AB0DF03FD77FFA9AFA61856FD42BD79" box="[151,764,256,280]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<treatmentCitation id="AB01DE3CFD77FFA9AFA61856FDADBD79" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[151,531,256,280]" page="11" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" year="1813">
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<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD77FFA9AFA61856FDADBD79" ID-CoL="4V239" authority="Latreille, 1813: 11" authorityName="Latreille" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1813" box="[151,531,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fossor">
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AFA61856FEEFBD79" box="[151,337,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Scarabaeus fossor</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD77FFA9AE661856FDADBD79" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[343,531,256,280]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref91120" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1813) Insectes de l'Amerique equinoxiale recueillis pendant le voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland, Seconde partie. In: Smith, C. J. & Gide, E. C. (Eds.), Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland, Deuxieme Partie. Observations de Zoologie et d'Anatomie Comparee. Schoell et Dufour, Paris, pp. 1 - 64." type="book chapter" year="1813">Latreille, 1813: 11</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Original combination.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD77FFA9AC301856FE24BDF3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD77FFA9AC301856FE24BDF3" blockId="40.[151,1437,256,402]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Female
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<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD77FFA9AC601856FC10BD79" box="[849,942,256,280]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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(MNHN) “[unreadable text] // MUS. LA PERTÉ / 671 // this specimen is probably Latreille’s type of Scar. foss-or // Ex-Musaeo /
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<collectorName id="87559DFBFD77FFA9AB331848FBE8BD57" box="[1026,1110,286,310]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">D.Sharp</collectorName>
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1890 // Museum Paris / ex Coll. /
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<collectorName id="87559DFBFD77FFA9AFE9186BFEEDBD34" box="[216,339,317,341]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">R. Oberthur</collectorName>
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//
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<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD77FFA9AE44186BFE45BD34" box="[373,507,317,341]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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||
//
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||
<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD77FFA9AD2D186BFD1CBD34" box="[540,674,317,341]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD77FFA9AD8D186BFC8CBD34" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[700,818,317,341]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AD8D186BFC8CBD34" box="[700,818,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Scarabaeus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
/
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||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD77FFA9AC7D186BFB92BD34" authority="Latreille, 1833" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1833" box="[844,1068,317,341]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fossor">
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AC7D186BFC34BD34" box="[844,906,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">fossor</emphasis>
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Latreille, 1833
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</taxonomicName>
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||
//
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||
<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD77FFA9AB7C186BFB6DBD34" box="[1101,1235,317,341]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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||
/
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||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD77FFA9ABDD1868FAFABD34" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[1260,1348,318,341]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9ABDD1868FAFABD34" box="[1260,1348,318,341]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Tomarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
/
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||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD77FFA9AA6F186BFED1BD15" authority="(Latreille, 1833)" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Scarabaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fossor">
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AA6F186BFA22BD34" box="[1374,1436,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">fossor</emphasis>
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(Latreille, 1833)
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</taxonomicName>
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// MNHN /
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<specimenCode id="7A065056FD77FFA9AEC5180AFDF4BD15" box="[500,586,348,372]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">EC7078</specimenCode>
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”
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AD6A180AFCB8BD12" bold="true" box="[603,774,347,372]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">here designated</emphasis>
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. Type locality: America (it was collected during Humboldt and Bonpland’s voyage).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD77FFA9AFA61896FD71B85F" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD77FFA9AFA61896FD71B85F" blockId="40.[151,1437,448,2023]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AFA61896FE97BDBB" bold="true" box="[151,297,448,474]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD77FFA9AEE41896FD81BDBB" box="[469,575,448,474]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="101.[151,250,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[159,1430,189,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-17@101.[151,1436,181,1803]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURE 26. Habitus of the species of Ligyrus. Subgenus Ligyrus: A) Ligyrus fossor, B) L. gibbosus, C) L. nasutus, D) L. neglectus, E) L. paranaensis, F) L. peninsularis, G) L. rubripes, H) L. ruginasus, I) L. villosus. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345101/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
|
||
. Length 13.5–15.0 mm; humeral width 6.5–7.0 mm. Color reddish brown.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AFA618B3FF5EBD9E" bold="true" box="[151,224,485,511]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
Frons deeply rugopunctate, with large and sparse punctures, nearly smooth on vertex and only with sparse, small punctures. Frontoclypeal region with a carina, narrowly interrupted at middle. Ocular canthus acute; with 8 ventral setae. Clypeal surface rugopunctate to transversely rugose, striae denser than those on frons. Clypeus triangular, base 3 times wider than apex. Clypeal teeth triangular, separated by 1 tooth diameter. Mandible with 2 apical and 1 lateral widely rounded tooth; tooth 1 truncate at apex, longer and narrower than tooth 2. Maxilla subrectangular; galea with 4 well-developed teeth, with 2 basal reduced teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD77FFA9AB271BCEFBCFBED2" box="[1046,1137,664,691]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="83.[151,250,998,1022]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,185,967]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[151,1436,181,974]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maxilla. A) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, B) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) allonasutus. Numeration of teeth of galea: D) Euligyrus similis, E) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, F) Tomarus gyas, G) L. (Ligyrus) fossor, H) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345017/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apex of labrum bilobed. Interocular distance equal to 3.2 times an eye width. Antennal club very long.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9ACC71BEBFBC6BEB6" bold="true" box="[1014,1144,701,727]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pronotum:</emphasis>
|
||
Surface with large, sparse punctures. Apex without tubercle or fovea.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9ADB11BB7FD6BBE9A" bold="true" box="[640,725,737,763]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Elytra:</emphasis>
|
||
First interval punctate, punctures similar to the other intervals. Inner surface of apex with small transverse tubercles forming about 70 parallel lines.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AB7F1A52FB72BF7F" bold="true" box="[1102,1228,772,798]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
Apex of tergite IV with a diagonal line of 10 transverse parallel short carinae. Pygidial surface with large punctures, evenly distributed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD77FFA9AFAE1A1AFF44BF06" box="[159,250,844,871]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="87.[151,250,1074,1098]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-17@87.[151,1436,181,1050]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pygidium of male. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, D) L. (Ligyrus) fossor, E) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, F) Tomarus bituberculatus, G) T. colombianus, H) T. maracaiboensis, I) T. pilcopataensis, J) T. pullus, K) T. roigjunenti, L) T. rostratus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345041/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Strongly (male) to slightly (female) convex in lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AC961A1BFC56BF06" bold="true" box="[935,1000,845,871]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Legs:</emphasis>
|
||
Protibia tridentate; basal tooth slightly distant from others. Protarsus of male simple; inner claw simple. Metatibia slightly contracted at apex. Apex of metatibia entire, with 18–20 spinules.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AD0C1AC3FCB4BFCF" bold="true" box="[573,778,916,943]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Female genitalia:</emphasis>
|
||
Subcoxite subrectangular (2 times wider than long). Coxite subrectangular (wider than long); coxite strongly concave. Subcoxite wider and longer than coxite.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9ABD81AEFFA22BFB3" bold="true" box="[1257,1436,952,979]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Male genitalia:</emphasis>
|
||
Spiculum gastrale thin, apex truncate. Parameres with apical 4th narrowed, without minute spines; lateral ventral teeth long and curved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD77FFA9AEA81D56FDB6B87A" box="[409,520,1024,1051]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,183,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-24@90.[151,1436,181,1512]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 15. Parameres in frontal view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, H) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, I) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, J) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, K) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, L) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, M) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, N) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, O) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, P) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, Q) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, R) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, S) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, T) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345063/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figs. 15L</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD77FFA9AD251D57FDF6B87A" box="[532,584,1025,1051]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1597,1621]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,184,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-17@93.[151,1436,181,1573]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 18. Parameres in lateral view.A) L. (Ligyrus.) allonasutus, B) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, C) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, D) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, E) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, H) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, I) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, J) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, K) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, L) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345077/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">18D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Internal sac with lamellar spiny belt very long (about 12 times longer than copulatory lamellae); accessory lamella thickened.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD77FFA9AFF61D1EFA86B8AE" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD77FFA9AFF61D1EFA86B8AE" blockId="40.[151,1437,448,2023]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AFF61D1EFEFCB803" bold="true" box="[199,322,1096,1122]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD77FFA9AE791D1FFE56B802" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[328,488,1097,1123]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fossor">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AE791D1FFE56B802" box="[328,488,1097,1123]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ligyrus fossor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be recognized by the antennal club very long (2 times longer than antennomeres 2–7); maxilla with 6 teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD77FFA9AEF91D3AFD9CB8E6" box="[456,546,1132,1159]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="83.[151,250,998,1022]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,185,967]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[151,1436,181,974]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maxilla. A) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, B) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) allonasutus. Numeration of teeth of galea: D) Euligyrus similis, E) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, F) Tomarus gyas, G) L. (Ligyrus) fossor, H) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345017/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
); clypeus long, strongly contracted towards apex; clypeal teeth triangular, long, and not separated; frontal carina narrowly interrupted at middle; pronotum without tubercle or fovea (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD77FFA9AA141DC6FA31B8CB" box="[1317,1423,1168,1194]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="101.[151,250,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[159,1430,189,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-17@101.[151,1436,181,1803]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURE 26. Habitus of the species of Ligyrus. Subgenus Ligyrus: A) Ligyrus fossor, B) L. gibbosus, C) L. nasutus, D) L. neglectus, E) L. paranaensis, F) L. peninsularis, G) L. rubripes, H) L. ruginasus, I) L. villosus. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345101/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
|
||
); parameres with long, dorsal teeth, without ventral teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD77FFA9AC201DE2FC3EB8AE" box="[785,896,1204,1231]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,183,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-24@90.[151,1436,181,1512]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 15. Parameres in frontal view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, H) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, I) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, J) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, K) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, L) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, M) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, N) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, O) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, P) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, Q) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, R) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, S) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, T) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345063/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figs. 15L</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD77FFA9ACBA1DE3FC01B8AE" box="[907,959,1205,1231]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1597,1621]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,184,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-17@93.[151,1436,181,1573]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 18. Parameres in lateral view.A) L. (Ligyrus.) allonasutus, B) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, C) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, D) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, E) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, H) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, I) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, J) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, K) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, L) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345077/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">18D</figureCitation>
|
||
); female coxite strongly concave.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD77FFA8AFF61D8EFBFDBE5C" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD77FFA9AFF61D8EFD18B976" blockId="40.[151,1437,448,2023]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AFF61D8EFEDFB893" bold="true" box="[199,353,1240,1266]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD77FFA9AE591D8EFE53B893" box="[360,493,1240,1266]" name="El Salvador" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD77FFA9AEC91D8FFDEAB892" box="[504,596,1241,1267]" name="Panama" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD77FFA9AD6E1D8EFD6EB893" box="[607,720,1240,1266]" name="Colombia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD77FFA9ADEA1D8EFCEFB893" box="[731,849,1240,1266]" name="Venezuela" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD77FFA9AC6D1D8FFC02B892" box="[860,956,1241,1267]" name="Curaçao" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD77FFA9ACF71D8EFB9DB893" box="[966,1059,1240,1266]" name="Antigua and Barbuda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Antigua</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD77FFA9AB1E1D8FFB09B893" box="[1071,1207,1240,1267]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD77FFA9ABF31D8EFAA1B893" box="[1218,1311,1240,1266]" name="Jamaica" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD77FFA9AA1B1D8EFAD6B893" box="[1322,1384,1240,1266]" name="Cuba" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD77FFA9AA451D8FFF61B977" name="Bahamas" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD77FFA9AFDC1DAAFE35B977" author="Endrodi, S." box="[237,395,1276,1302]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref89768" refString="Endrodi, S. (1969) Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: Pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). Entomologische Abhandlungen, 37, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="1969">Endrödi 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD77FFA9AEA61DAAFD24B976" author="Ratcliffe, B. C. & Cave, R. D." box="[407,666,1276,1303]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 346" refId="ref92876" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C. & Cave, R. D. (2015) The dynastine scarab beetles of the West Indies (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, 28, 1 - 346." type="journal article" year="2015">Ratcliffe & Cave 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD77FFA8AFF61C76FEA9BD94" blockId="40.[151,1437,448,2023]" lastBlockId="41.[151,1437,150,573]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AFF61C76FDBCB95B" bold="true" box="[199,514,1312,1339]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Locality records (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD77FFA9AEAF1C76FE4BB95B" box="[414,501,1312,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="109.[151,250,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[174,1418,181,1081]" captionTargetId="figure-17@109.[169,1418,181,1086]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIGURE 37. Distributional records of Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor and L. neglectus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345141" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345141/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
164 examined specimens from FSCA, ICN, MEFLG, MZUSP, UNAB, UNSM, USNM. Some data from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD77FFA9AE9D1C12FDDEB93E" author="Ratcliffe, B. C." box="[428,608,1348,1375]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 506" refId="ref92614" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C. (2003) The dynastine scarab beetles of Costa Rica and Panama. Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, 16, 1 - 506." type="journal article" year="2003">Ratcliffe (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD77FFA9AD5A1C12FCCDB93F" author="Escalona, H. E. & Joly, L. J." box="[619,883,1348,1375]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="111 - 137" refId="ref89956" refString="Escalona, H. E. & Joly, L. J. (2006) El genero Ligyrus Burmeister, 1847 en Venezuela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). Boletin Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 39, 111 - 137." type="journal article" year="2006">Escalona & Joly (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD77FFA9AC9D1C12FB02B93E" author="Ratcliffe, B. C. & Cave, R. D." box="[940,1212,1348,1375]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 346" refId="ref92876" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C. & Cave, R. D. (2015) The dynastine scarab beetles of the West Indies (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, 28, 1 - 346." type="journal article" year="2015">Ratcliffe & Cave (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9ABF71C12FF41B9E3" bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD77FFA9ABF71C12FAF7B93F" box="[1222,1353,1348,1374]" name="Antigua and Barbuda" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">ANTIGUA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(1). St.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AFA61C3FFF73B9E2" box="[151,205,1385,1411]" country="Antigua and Barbuda" name="Paul" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Paul</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
English Harbor.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AEF11C3EFCB0B9E3" bold="true" box="[448,782,1384,1410]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD77FFA9AEF11C3EFDF1B9E3" box="[448,591,1384,1410]" name="Bahamas" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">BAHAMAS</collectingCountry>
|
||
(1).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9ADB51C3EFD62B9E3" box="[644,732,1384,1410]" country="Bahamas" name="South Andros" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Andros</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
N Andros Island.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9ACED1C3EFADBB9E3" bold="true" box="[988,1381,1384,1410]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD77FFA9ACED1C3EFBC7B9E3" box="[988,1145,1384,1410]" name="Colombia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(36).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AB8D1C3EFA8AB9E3" box="[1212,1332,1384,1410]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Turbaco.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AFEA1CDDFEC5B9C7" bold="true" box="[219,379,1419,1446]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AFEA1CDDFEF7B9C7" box="[219,329,1419,1446]" country="Colombia" name="Atlantico" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Atlántico</collectingRegion>
|
||
(7):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Barranquilla; Juan de Acosta; Repelón;
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AC721CDDFC73B9C7" bold="true" box="[835,973,1419,1446]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AC721CDDFC25B9C7" box="[835,923,1419,1446]" country="Colombia" name="Bolivar" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Bolívar</collectingRegion>
|
||
(3):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Carmen; Cartagena; Isla Barú.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AA031CDDFF7FB9AB" bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AA031CDDFA22B9C7" box="[1330,1436,1419,1446]" country="Colombia" name="Cordoba" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Córdoba</collectingRegion>
|
||
(3):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Cereté.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AE131CE6FE24B9AB" bold="true" box="[290,410,1456,1482]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AE131CE6FED9B9AB" box="[290,359,1456,1482]" country="Colombia" name="Cesar" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Cesar</collectingRegion>
|
||
(6):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Agustín Codazzi.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AD5F1CE6FD41B9AB" bold="true" box="[622,767,1456,1482]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AD5F1CE6FD73B9AB" box="[622,717,1456,1482]" country="Colombia" name="La Guajira" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Guajira</collectingRegion>
|
||
(6):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Campamento Mushaisa.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AB111CE7FB66B9AB" bold="true" box="[1056,1240,1456,1483]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AB111CE7FB18B9AA" box="[1056,1190,1457,1483]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
|
||
(5):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Parque Nacional Tayrona.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AE331C82FE47B98F" bold="true" box="[258,505,1492,1519]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ambiguous data (2):</emphasis>
|
||
Manizales; Medellín.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9ADC81C83FB64B98F" bold="true" box="[761,1242,1492,1519]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
No data (2).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD77FFA9ACA11C82FC60B98F" box="[912,990,1492,1518]" name="Cuba" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">CUBA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(21).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AB151C82FB16B98F" box="[1060,1192,1492,1518]" country="Cuba" name="Cienfuegos" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Cienfuegos</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Cayamas.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AA691C82FE95BA73" bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AA691C82FF46BA73" country="Cuba" name="Ciego de Avila" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ciego de Avila</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Chambas.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AE9A1CAEFDC2BA73" bold="true" box="[427,636,1528,1554]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AE9A1CAEFDF6BA73" box="[427,584,1528,1554]" country="Cuba" name="Guantanamo" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Guantanamo</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Tortuguilla.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AC3E1CAEFC1DBA73" bold="true" box="[783,931,1528,1554]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AC3E1CAEFCD1BA73" box="[783,879,1528,1554]" country="Cuba" name="Holguin" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Holguin</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Guardalavaca.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AB641CAFFAAEBA73" bold="true" box="[1109,1296,1528,1555]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AB641CAFFB63BA72" box="[1109,1245,1529,1555]" country="Cuba" name="La Habana" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">La Habana</collectingRegion>
|
||
(9):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AA281CAFFA26BA73" box="[1305,1432,1528,1555]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">La Habana</collectingRegion>
|
||
; Santiago de las Vegas.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AEA71F4BFD85BA57" bold="true" box="[406,571,1564,1591]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AEA71F4BFDB5BA56" box="[406,523,1565,1591]" country="Cuba" name="Matanzas" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Matanzas</collectingRegion>
|
||
(2):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Colón; Matanzas.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AC3C1F4AFC64BA57" bold="true" box="[781,986,1563,1591]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AC3C1F4AFC14BA57" box="[781,938,1563,1591]" country="Cuba" name="Pinar del Rio" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pinar del Río</collectingRegion>
|
||
(4):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Consolación del Sur; Pinar del Río; San Diego de los Baños; San Juan y Martínez.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AD421F16FCB2BA3B" bold="true" box="[627,780,1600,1626]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AD421F16FD65BA3B" box="[627,731,1600,1626]" country="Cuba" name="Santiago" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Santiago</collectingRegion>
|
||
(2):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Dos Caminos; Segundo Frente.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AB491F16FF44BA1F" bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD77FFA9AB491F16FAB9BA3A" box="[1144,1287,1600,1627]" name="Curaçao" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">CURAÇAO</collectingCountry>
|
||
(3).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AA0D1F16FF77BA1E" country="Curaçao" name="Willemstad" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Willemstad</collectingRegion>
|
||
(3):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Hato; Piscadera.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AEF01F33FC3DBA1F" bold="true" box="[449,899,1636,1663]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD77FFA9AEF01F33FD3ABA1F" box="[449,644,1636,1663]" name="El Salvador" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">EL SALVADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
(2).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AD881F32FCEFBA1F" box="[697,849,1636,1662]" country="El Salvador" name="Ahuachapan" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ahuachapan</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
El Imposible.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AB181F33FB72BA1F" bold="true" box="[1065,1228,1635,1663]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AB181F33FB24BA1F" box="[1065,1178,1635,1663]" country="El Salvador" name="La Union" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">La Unión</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Isla Martín Pérez.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AFA61FDEFDACBAC3" bold="true" box="[151,530,1672,1698]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD77FFA9AFA61FDEFEA4BAC3" box="[151,282,1672,1698]" name="Jamaica" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">JAMAICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(95).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AE511FDEFE61BAC3" box="[352,479,1672,1698]" country="Jamaica" name="Clarendon" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Clarendon</collectingRegion>
|
||
(2):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Alligator Hole; Milk River Bath.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9ACA61FDEFBE0BAC3" bold="true" box="[919,1118,1672,1698]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
St.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AC8C1FDEFBA3BAC3" box="[957,1053,1672,1698]" country="Jamaica" name="Andrew" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Andrew</collectingRegion>
|
||
(70):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Bull Bay; Cockburn Peninsula; Cross Roads; Gordon Town; Halfway Tree; Irish Town; Jack’s Hill; Kingston; Liguanea; Seaview Gardens.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AFA61F86FEA1BA8B" bold="true" box="[151,287,1744,1770]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
St.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AF8D1F86FF51BA8B" box="[188,239,1744,1770]" country="Jamaica" name="Ann" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ann</collectingRegion>
|
||
(3):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Baron Hill Forest Reserve; Ocho Ríos.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9ADE81F86FC19BA8B" bold="true" box="[729,935,1744,1770]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
St.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9ADCE1F86FCC9BA8B" box="[767,887,1744,1770]" country="Jamaica" name="Catherine" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Catherine</collectingRegion>
|
||
(2):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Worthy Park Estate.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9ABA31F86FAE7BA8B" bold="true" box="[1170,1369,1744,1770]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
St.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AB891F86FA94BA8B" box="[1208,1322,1744,1770]" country="Jamaica" name="Elizabeth" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Elizabeth</collectingRegion>
|
||
(3):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Maggotty.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AFEC1FA2FE32BB6F" bold="true" box="[221,396,1780,1807]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
St.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AE351FA3FEF1BB6E" box="[260,335,1781,1807]" country="Jamaica" name="James" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">James</collectingRegion>
|
||
(11):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Greenwood; Montego Bay.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9ADFB1FA2FCDBBB6F" bold="true" box="[714,869,1780,1807]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
St.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9ADC01FA3FC8ABB6E" box="[753,820,1781,1807]" country="Jamaica" name="Mary" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Mary</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Oracabessa.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9ACC81FA2FB0FBB6F" bold="true" box="[1017,1201,1780,1807]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
St.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AB2E1FA3FBC1BB6E" box="[1055,1151,1781,1807]" country="Jamaica" name="Thomas" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Thomas</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Bath.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9ABCA1FA3FA22BB6F" bold="true" box="[1275,1436,1780,1807]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9ABCA1FA3FAD2BB6E" box="[1275,1388,1781,1807]" country="Jamaica" name="Trelawny" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Trelawny</collectingRegion>
|
||
(4):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Ducans; Martha Brae.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AEA31E4EFD7EBB53" bold="true" box="[402,704,1816,1843]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD77FFA9AEA31E4EFDB5BB53" box="[402,523,1816,1842]" name="Panama" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(28).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AD7C1E4EFD2EBB52" box="[589,656,1816,1843]" country="Panama" name="Cocle" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Coclé</collectingRegion>
|
||
(3):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Interamerican Highway at Rio Grande.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AB4F1E41FB48BB53" bold="true" box="[1150,1270,1815,1842]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AB4F1E41FB78BB53" box="[1150,1222,1815,1842]" country="Panama" name="Colon" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Colón</collectingRegion>
|
||
(2):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Madden Dam; Parque Nacional Soberanía.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AEE91E6BFD33BB37" bold="true" box="[472,653,1852,1879]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AEE91E6BFDE5BB37" box="[472,603,1852,1879]" country="Panama" name="Los Santos" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Los Santos</collectingRegion>
|
||
(2):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Corozal; Paraíso.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AC6F1E6DFBBEBB37" bold="true" box="[862,1024,1851,1878]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AC6F1E6DFC7EBB37" box="[862,960,1851,1878]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Panamá</collectingRegion>
|
||
(12):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Alhajuela; Chame; Panamá; Taboga Island.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AFDB1E37FE35BB1B" bold="true" box="[234,395,1888,1915]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AFDB1E37FEE7BB1A" box="[234,345,1889,1915]" country="Panama" name="Veraguas" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Veraguas</collectingRegion>
|
||
(3):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Soná.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AEEB1E37FC5BBB1B" bold="true" box="[474,997,1888,1915]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
No data (5).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD77FFA9AD411E36FC8ABB1B" box="[624,820,1888,1914]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">PUERTO RICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
(2).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AC5A1E37FC0DBB1A" box="[875,947,1889,1915]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Ponce" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ponce</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Mercedita.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AB5D1E37FAA7BB1B" bold="true" box="[1132,1305,1888,1915]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AB5D1E37FB59BB1A" box="[1132,1255,1889,1915]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Mayaguez" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Mayagüez</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Mayagüez.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AFA61ED2FDEBBBFF" bold="true" box="[151,597,1923,1950]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD77FFA9AFA61ED2FEFABBFF" box="[151,324,1924,1950]" name="Venezuela" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(135).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AEA81ED5FD9EBBFF" box="[409,544,1923,1950]" country="Venezuela" name="Anzoategui" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Anzoátegui</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Clarines; El Hatillo.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AC7F1ED2FC63BBFF" bold="true" box="[846,989,1924,1950]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AC7F1ED2FC16BBFF" box="[846,936,1924,1950]" country="Venezuela" name="Aragua" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Aragua</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Cardoncito; Cata; Chaparral; Choroní; El Limón; La Cabrera; La Victoria; Maracay; Parque Nacional Henri Pittier; Rancho Grande; San Mateo; Tasajeras; Turiamo; Turmero.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9AE8B1E9AFDF9BB87" bold="true" box="[442,583,1996,2022]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9AE8B1E9AFDA9BB87" box="[442,535,1996,2022]" country="Venezuela" name="Barinas" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Barinas</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Reserva Forestal Ticoporo.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD77FFA9ACB91E9DFBA0BB87" bold="true" box="[904,1054,1995,2022]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD77FFA9ACB91E9DFC5EBB87" box="[904,992,1995,2022]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Bolívar</collectingRegion>
|
||
(10).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Ciudad Bolívar; El Pao; Guasipi; Moitaco.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD76FFA8AE3219C0FE06BCD1" bold="true" box="[259,440,150,176]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD76FFA8AE3219C0FEC5BCD1" box="[259,379,150,176]" country="Venezuela" name="Carabobo" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Carabobo</collectingRegion>
|
||
(19).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Bejuma; Cachinche; Las Quiguas; Las Trincheras; Los Colorados; Nirgua; San Joaquín; Tacarigua; Yeramalis.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD76FFA8AEBE19ECFD94BCB5" bold="true" box="[399,554,186,212]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD76FFA8AEBE19ECFE50BCB5" box="[399,494,186,212]" country="Venezuela" name="Cojedes" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Cojedes</collectingRegion>
|
||
(10).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
El Baúl; El Pao; Girardot; San Carlos.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD76FFA8ACEB19ECFB6FBCB5" bold="true" box="[986,1233,186,212]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD76FFA8ACEB19ECFB2BBCB5" box="[986,1173,186,212]" country="Venezuela" name="Distrito Capital" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Distrito Capital</collectingRegion>
|
||
(14).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Caracas; El Valle; Las Adjuntas.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD76FFA8AE091988FE06BC99" bold="true" box="[312,440,222,249]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD76FFA8AE091988FE37BC98" box="[312,393,222,249]" country="Venezuela" name="Falcon" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Falcón</collectingRegion>
|
||
(7).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Boca de Aroa; Cerro Santa Ana; Chichiriviche; Sanare; San José de Cocodite; San Juan; Santa Cruz de Bucaral.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD76FFA8AEAD1854FD95BD7D" bold="true" box="[412,555,258,284]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD76FFA8AEAD1854FE40BD7D" box="[412,510,258,284]" country="Venezuela" name="Guarico" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Guarico</collectingRegion>
|
||
(6).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
El Sombrero; La Smith; Llanos de Cruz; Valle de la Pascua.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD76FFA8ABFB1855FAFFBD7D" bold="true" box="[1226,1345,258,285]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD76FFA8ABFB1855FABBBD7C" box="[1226,1285,259,285]" country="Venezuela" name="Lara" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lara</collectingRegion>
|
||
(13).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Barquisimeto; Carora. Crespo; El Cuji; La Pastora (
|
||
<quantity id="ED5855C8FD76FFA8ADA61871FD6CBD20" box="[663,722,295,321]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||
NW); Parapara; Quibor.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD76FFA8ACC31870FBC4BD21" bold="true" box="[1010,1146,294,321]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD76FFA8ACC31870FBF5BD20" box="[1010,1099,294,321]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Mérida</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pueblo Nuevo.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD76FFA8AA031870FF01BD05" bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD76FFA8AA031870FA22BD21" box="[1330,1436,294,320]" country="Venezuela" name="Miranda" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Miranda</collectingRegion>
|
||
(2).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Los Teques; Tacarigua de Mamporal.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD76FFA8AD5D181DFCB6BD05" bold="true" box="[620,776,330,357]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD76FFA8AD5D181DFD67BD04" box="[620,729,331,357]" country="Venezuela" name="Monagas" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Monagas</collectingRegion>
|
||
(4).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
El Piñal; San Antonio de Maturin; Santa Bárbara; Uverito.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD76FFA8AFA61839FEC9BDE9" bold="true" box="[151,375,366,393]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD76FFA8AFA61839FEF7BDE8" box="[151,329,367,393]" country="Venezuela" name="Nueva Esparta" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Nueva Esparta</collectingRegion>
|
||
(4).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Cerro Cimarrón; Guatamare; Salamanca; Tacarigua.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD76FFA8ACFB1839FB3EBDE9" bold="true" box="[970,1152,366,393]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD76FFA8ACFB1839FBEFBDE8" box="[970,1105,367,393]" country="Venezuela" name="Portuguesa" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Portuguesa</collectingRegion>
|
||
(3).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Acarigua; Ospino.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD76FFA8AA691838FF01BDCD" bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD76FFA8AA691838FA22BDE9" box="[1368,1436,366,392]" country="Venezuela" name="Sucre" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Sucre</collectingRegion>
|
||
(2).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Cariaco; Cumanacoa.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD76FFA8AEF118C4FDF1BDCD" bold="true" box="[448,591,402,429]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD76FFA8AEF118C4FDA1BDCC" box="[448,543,402,429]" country="Venezuela" name="Tachira" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Táchira</collectingRegion>
|
||
(2).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
La Pediera; San Cristóbal.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD76FFA8ACB618C4FBACBDCD" bold="true" box="[903,1042,402,428]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD76FFA8ACB618C4FC5CBDCD" box="[903,994,402,428]" country="Venezuela" name="Trujillo" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Trujillo</collectingRegion>
|
||
(3).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
El Cenizo; Escuque; San Pablo de Mendoza.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD76FFA8AE3E18E1FE2DBDB1" bold="true" box="[271,403,438,465]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD76FFA8AE3E18E1FEDCBDB0" box="[271,354,439,465]" country="Venezuela" name="Vargas" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Vargas</collectingRegion>
|
||
(2).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Caracaya; Punta de Tarma.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD76FFA8ADE618E1FCD2BDB1" bold="true" box="[727,876,438,465]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD76FFA8ADE618E1FC85BDB0" box="[727,827,439,465]" country="Venezuela" name="Yaracuy" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Yaracuy</collectingRegion>
|
||
(3).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
La Hoya; Sabana de Parra; Yaritagua.
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD76FFA8AA1D18E0FA22BDB1" bold="true" box="[1324,1436,438,464]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD76FFA8AA1D18E0FAD2BDB1" box="[1324,1388,438,464]" country="Venezuela" name="Zulia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Zulia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(6).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Maracaibo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD76FFA8AFF618A9FBFDBE5C" blockId="41.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD76FFA8AFF618A9FE3ABE79" bold="true" box="[199,388,510,537]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
There were some records of adults in roots and inflorescences of sunflower (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD76FFA8ABE918A9FA22BE79" box="[1240,1436,511,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD76FFA8ABE918A9FA22BE79" box="[1240,1436,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Helianthus annus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.), and roots of maize. Most records are from tropical dry forest between
|
||
<quantity id="ED5855C8FD76FFA8ACE81B75FB81BE5C" box="[985,1087,547,573]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.355" metricValueMax="2.69" metricValueMin="0.02" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="135.5" valueMax="269.0" valueMin="2.0">
|
||
2–
|
||
<specimenCount id="3CA633A4FD76FFA8ACC41B75FB81BE5C" box="[1013,1087,547,573]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="generic">269 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |