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<document id="1EA45877011B04BBAC181A207BD028D7" ID-CLB-Dataset="202083" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5211.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bb97b9dd-2acc-4244-8f30-72bef07b9ed9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7345007" ID-ZooBank="5754769C-B747-4714-BDD9-7D5509D48BEB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1669101340847" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="López-García, Margarita M. &amp; Deloya, Cuauhtémoc" docDate="2022" docId="A209493BFD6DFFB2AFA61FC1FD33B918" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5211.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5211 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5211.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Ligyrus (Ligyrus) villosus" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="5E303143FD5FFF81AF311956FFBEBC61" masterDocTitle="Cladistic analysis reveals polyphyly of Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae): new classification and taxonomic revision" masterLastPageNumber="119" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1699396337306" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="5F70567001AA397440E121413C45085C">Cladistic analysis reveals polyphyly of Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae): new classification and taxonomic revision</mods:title>
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<treatment id="A209493BFD6DFFB2AFA61FC1FD33B918" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7399812" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205794489" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7399812" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD6DFFB2AFA61FC1FD33B918" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A209493BFD6DFFB2AFA61FC1FD33B918" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD6DFFB3AFA61FC1FD00BAD0" authority="(Burmeister, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[151,702,1687,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus" subGenus="Ligyrus">
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6DFFB3AFA61FC1FF4ABAD0" bold="true" box="[151,244,1687,1713]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Ligyrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6DFFB3AE341FC1FEDCBAD0" bold="true" box="[261,354,1687,1713]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Ligyrus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6DFFB3AE421FC1FE70BAD3" bold="true" box="[371,462,1687,1714]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">villosus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD6DFFB3AED11FC1FD0BBAD0" author="Burmeister, H." box="[480,693,1687,1713]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref88626" refString="Burmeister, H. (1847) Handbuch der Entomologie. Coleoptera Lamellicornia, Xylophila et Pectinicornia. Band 5. Enslin, Berlin, viii + 584 pp." type="book" year="1847">Burmeister, 1847</bibRefCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD6DFFB3AFA61FEDFC80BAB7" blockId="50.[151,830,1687,1750]" box="[151,830,1723,1750]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
(
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6DFFB3AFAE1FEDFEBDBAB7" box="[159,259,1723,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-24@82.[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 2. Labium. A) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, B) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) allonasutus, C) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, D) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, E) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, F) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, G) Euligyrus ebenus, H) E. similis, I) Tomarus gyas, J) Tomarus selanderi, K) Tomarus subtropicus. Abbreviations: LL: Ligular lobes, LP: Labial palpus, M: Mentum, S: Suture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345015/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs. 2D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6DFFB3AE3E1FEAFE8FBAB7" box="[271,305,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1118,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-81@83.[151,1437,1118,1848]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 4. Maxilla. A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) relictus, D) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, E) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, F) Tomarus gyas, G) Tomarus maternus, H) T. selanderi, I) T. subtropicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345023/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">4E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6DFFB3AE0D1FEDFEE0BAB7" box="[316,350,1723,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="84.[151,250,931,955]" captionTargetBox="[188,1400,181,907]" captionTargetId="figure-24@84.[188,1400,181,907]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 5. Mandible. A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) relictus, D) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, E) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, F) Tomarus rostratus, G) T. gyas, H) T. maternus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345025/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">5E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6DFFB3AE581FEDFE32BAB4" box="[361,396,1723,1749]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="84.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[185,1409,1024,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-74@84.[178,1409,1015,1940]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 6. Labrum. A) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, B) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) relictus, D) Tomarus gyas, E) T. maternus, F) T. selanderi, G) T. subtropicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345029/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6DFFB3AEA91FEAFE77BAB7" box="[408,457,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="88.[151,250,931,955]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,186,899]" captionTargetId="figure-24@88.[231,1357,181,907]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 11. Protibia in frontal view.A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, E) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, F) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, H) Tomarus bituberculatus, I) T. colombianus, J) T. pullus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345051/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">11G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6DFFB3AEE41FEAFD98BAB7" box="[469,550,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,1055,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@88.[233,1355,1052,1897]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 12. Mesotibia (A–F). A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei; E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, F) L. (Ligyrus) villosus. Metatibia (G–L). G) Euligyrus similis, H) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, I) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, J) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, K) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, L) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345053/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">12 F, L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6DFFB3AD031FEAFDDBBAB7" box="[562,613,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="89.[151,250,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[152,1432,1161,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-90@89.[152,1436,1161,1653]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 14. Spiculum gastrale. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, D) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, E) Tomarus pullus, F) T. rostratus, G) T. selanderi, H) T. subtropicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345059/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">14D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6DFFB3AD401FEDFD21BAB7" box="[625,671,1723,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,183,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-24@90.[151,1436,181,1512]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 15. Parameres in frontal view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, H) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, I) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, J) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, K) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, L) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, M) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, N) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, O) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, P) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, Q) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, R) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, S) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, T) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345063/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">15T</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6DFFB3AD9B1FEAFD64BAB7" box="[682,730,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1597,1621]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,184,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-17@93.[151,1436,181,1573]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 18. Parameres in lateral view.A) L. (Ligyrus.) allonasutus, B) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, C) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, D) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, E) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, H) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, I) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, J) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, K) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, L) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345077/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">18L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6DFFB3ADD41FEDFCB0BAB4" box="[741,782,1723,1749]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="101.[151,250,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[159,1430,189,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-17@101.[151,1436,181,1803]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURE 26. Habitus of the species of Ligyrus. Subgenus Ligyrus: A) Ligyrus fossor, B) L. gibbosus, C) L. nasutus, D) L. neglectus, E) L. paranaensis, F) L. peninsularis, G) L. rubripes, H) L. ruginasus, I) L. villosus. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345101/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">26I</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6DFFB3AC281FEDFC88BAB7" box="[793,822,1723,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="108.[151,250,1066,1090]" captionTargetBox="[215,1380,181,1033]" captionTargetId="figure-24@108.[207,1380,181,1043]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="FIGURE 35. Distributional records of Ligyrus (Ligyrus) villosus, L. bidentulus, and L. rubripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345131/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">35</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="AB01DE3CFD6DFFB3AFA61FADFD8FBB72" author="Burmeister, H." box="[151,561,1787,1811]" page="120" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1847">
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD6DFFB3AFA61FADFD8FBB72" authority="Burmeister, 1847: 120" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityPageNumber="120" authorityYear="1847" box="[151,561,1787,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Podalgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6DFFB3AFA61FADFEF7BB72" box="[151,329,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Podalgus villosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD6DFFB3AE7E1FADFD8FBB72" author="Burmeister, H." box="[335,561,1787,1811]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref88626" refString="Burmeister, H. (1847) Handbuch der Entomologie. Coleoptera Lamellicornia, Xylophila et Pectinicornia. Band 5. Enslin, Berlin, viii + 584 pp." type="book" year="1847">Burmeister, 1847: 120</bibRefCitation>
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. Original combination.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD6DFFB3AC2C1FADFA2CBB50" blockId="50.[151,1436,1786,1903]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Male
<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD6DFFB3AC661FADFC0ABB72" box="[855,948,1787,1811]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designated by
<treatmentCitation id="AB01DE3CFD6DFFB3AB791FADFAB6BB73" author="Endrodi, S." box="[1096,1288,1786,1811]" page="58" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD6DFFB3AB791FADFAB6BB73" author="Endrodi, S." box="[1096,1288,1786,1811]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref89768" refString="Endrodi, S. (1969) Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: Pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). Entomologische Abhandlungen, 37, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="1969">Endrödi (1969: 58)</bibRefCitation>
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(MLUH) “villosus / Demophon Dej /
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD6DFFB3AE8F1E4FFE4FBB50" box="[446,497,1817,1841]" name="Chile" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Chili</collectingCountry>
Patag. //
<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD6DFFB3AD601E4CFD7CBB53" box="[593,706,1818,1842]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="lectotype">Lectotypus</typeStatus>
/
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD6DFFB3ADE41E4FFC9ABB50" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[725,804,1817,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ligyrus</taxonomicName>
/ (
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD6DFFB3AC0F1E4FFC22BB50" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[830,924,1817,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Podalgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Podalgus</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD6DFFB3AC811E4FFBF9BB50" authority="Burm." authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[944,1095,1817,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Podalgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">villosus Burm.</taxonomicName>
/ Endrody” Type locality:
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD6DFFB3AA651E4FFA30BB50" box="[1364,1422,1817,1841]" name="Chile" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Chile</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD6DFFB3AFA61E6EFA91BB0F" blockId="50.[151,1436,1786,1903]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0AB0DF03FD6DFFB3AFA61E6EFA91BB0F" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<treatmentCitation id="AB01DE3CFD6DFFB3AFA61E6EFDBEBB31" author="Solier, A. J. J." box="[151,512,1848,1872]" page="79" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1851">
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD6DFFB3AFA61E6EFDBEBB31" authority="Solier, 1851: 79" authorityName="Solier" authorityPageNumber="79" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,512,1848,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Oryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidicollis">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6DFFB3AFA61E6EFEE6BB31" box="[151,344,1848,1872]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Oryctes nitidicollis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD6DFFB3AE6C1E6EFDBEBB31" author="Solier, A. J. J." box="[349,512,1848,1872]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref93404" refString="Solier, A. J. J. (1851) Orden III. Coleopteros. In: Gay, C. (Ed.), Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile. Zoologia. Vol. 5. C. Gay, Paris, pp. 5 - 285" type="book" year="1851">Solier, 1851: 79</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Synonym.
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6DFFB3AD471E6EFB72BB31" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696714" box="[630,1228,1848,1872]" country="Chile" location="Santa Rosa" municipality="Santiago" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Coquimbo">
<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD6DFFB3AD471E6EFD16BB31" box="[630,680,1848,1872]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD6DFFB3AC371E6EFCC7BB2E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD6DFFB2AFA61FC1FD33B918:2F7FAEF6FD6DFFB3AC371E6EFCC7BB2E" box="[774,889,1848,1872]" country="Chile" municipality="Santiago" name="Santa Rosa" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" stateProvince="Coquimbo">Santa Rosa</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="CA7B6257FD6DFFB3ACB21E6EFC60BB31" box="[899,990,1848,1872]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Santiago</collectingMunicipality>
, and
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD6DFFB3AB201E6EFBC2BB31" box="[1041,1148,1848,1872]" country="Chile" name="Coquimbo" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Coquimbo</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD6DFFB3ABB81E6EFB7BBB31" box="[1161,1221,1848,1872]" name="Chile" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Chile</collectingCountry>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6DFFB3ABE41E6EFA97BB0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986697006" country="Chile" location="The" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Coquimbo">
<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD6DFFB3ABE41E6EFAB9BB31" box="[1237,1287,1848,1872]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Type</typeStatus>
specimens not examined.
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD6DFFB3AE071E01FEE3BB0E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD6DFFB2AFA61FC1FD33B918:2F7FAEF6FD6DFFB3AE071E01FEE3BB0E" box="[310,349,1879,1903]" country="Chile" name="The" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" stateProvince="Coquimbo">The</location>
original description, including some illustrations, and the distribution coincides with
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD6DFFB3ABF01E01FA97BB0E" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[1217,1321,1879,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Podalgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6DFFB3ABF01E01FA97BB0E" box="[1217,1321,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">L. villosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD6DFFB2AFA61EC1FDF3BEE4" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD6DFFB2AFA61EC1FDF3BEE4" blockId="50.[151,1437,1943,2042]" lastBlockId="51.[151,1437,151,1401]" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6DFFB3AFA61EC1FE97BBD0" bold="true" box="[151,297,1943,1969]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Description.</emphasis>
Habitus as in
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6DFFB3AEF41EC1FD9FBBD0" box="[453,545,1943,1969]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="101.[151,250,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[159,1430,189,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-17@101.[151,1436,181,1803]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURE 26. Habitus of the species of Ligyrus. Subgenus Ligyrus: A) Ligyrus fossor, B) L. gibbosus, C) L. nasutus, D) L. neglectus, E) L. paranaensis, F) L. peninsularis, G) L. rubripes, H) L. ruginasus, I) L. villosus. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345101/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 26I</figureCitation>
. Length
<quantity id="ED5855C8FD6DFFB3AD4E1EC1FC9BBBD3" box="[639,805,1943,1970]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" metricValueMax="1.86" metricValueMin="1.48" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="16.7" valueMax="18.6" valueMin="14.8">14.8–18.6 mm</quantity>
; humeral width
<quantity id="ED5855C8FD6DFFB3ACE61ECEFBD0BBD3" box="[983,1134,1944,1970]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.95" metricValueMax="10.1" metricValueMin="7.8" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="8.95" valueMax="10.1" valueMin="7.8">7.8–10.1 mm</quantity>
. Color dark reddish brown.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6DFFB3AFA61EEAFF5EBBB7" bold="true" box="[151,224,1980,2006]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Head:</emphasis>
Frons deeply rugopunctate, with large and sparse punctures, nearly smooth on vertex, only with sparse, small punctures. Frontoclypeal region with a carina, widely interrupted at middle. Ocular canthus acute, with 6 ventral setae. Clypeal surface rugopunctate to transversely rugose, striae denser than those on frons. Clypeus short, base 3 times wider than apex. Clypeal teeth triangular, separated by a tooth diameter. Mandible with 2 apical and 1 lateral, rounded tooth, tooth 1 longer and narrower than tooth 2 (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6CFFB2AC2B1989FCCFBC98" box="[794,881,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="84.[151,250,931,955]" captionTargetBox="[188,1400,181,907]" captionTargetId="figure-24@84.[188,1400,181,907]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 5. Mandible. A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) relictus, D) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, E) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, F) Tomarus rostratus, G) T. gyas, H) T. maternus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345025/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
). Maxilla subrectangular; galea with 4 teeth (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6CFFB2AA5E1989FF05BD7C" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1118,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-81@83.[151,1437,1118,1848]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 4. Maxilla. A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) relictus, D) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, E) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, F) Tomarus gyas, G) Tomarus maternus, H) T. selanderi, I) T. subtropicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345023/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Apex of labrum rounded (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6CFFB2AEC11855FDF7BD7C" box="[496,585,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="84.[151,250,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[185,1409,1024,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-74@84.[178,1409,1015,1940]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 6. Labrum. A) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, B) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) relictus, D) Tomarus gyas, E) T. maternus, F) T. selanderi, G) T. subtropicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345029/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
). Interocular distance 3.5 times an eye width. Antennal club very long.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AA591855FF50BD20" bold="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Pronotum:</emphasis>
Surface without or with minute punctures. Apex without tubercle (with a small swelling) or fovea.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AA761871FA22BD20" bold="true" box="[1351,1436,295,321]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Elytra:</emphasis>
First interval punctate, punctures similar to other intervals. Inner surface of apex with small transverse tubercles forming about 115 parallel lines.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AD3D1838FD34BDE9" bold="true" box="[524,650,366,392]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Abdomen:</emphasis>
Apex of tergite IV with a diagonal line of 11 transverse, parallel, long carinae. Pygidial surface with small to large punctures, denser on base and anterior corners. Strongly (male) to slightly (female) convex in lateral view.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AD6418E1FD28BDB0" bold="true" box="[597,662,439,465]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Legs:</emphasis>
Protibia tridentate; basal tooth slightly distant from others (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6CFFB2AA1B18E1FA2EBDB0" box="[1322,1424,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="88.[151,250,931,955]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,186,899]" captionTargetId="figure-24@88.[231,1357,181,907]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 11. Protibia in frontal view.A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, E) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, F) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, H) Tomarus bituberculatus, I) T. colombianus, J) T. pullus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345051/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 11G</figureCitation>
). Protarsus of male simple, inner claw simple. Metatibia triangular. Apex of metatibia entire to slightly crenulate, with 17–20 spinules (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6CFFB2AE7E18A9FE0ABE78" box="[335,436,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,1055,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@88.[233,1355,1052,1897]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 12. Mesotibia (A–F). A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei; E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, F) L. (Ligyrus) villosus. Metatibia (G–L). G) Euligyrus similis, H) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, I) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, J) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, K) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, L) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345053/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 12L</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AEF618A9FD2ABE79" bold="true" box="[455,660,510,537]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Female genitalia:</emphasis>
Subcoxite subrectangular (2 times wider than long). Coxite subquadrate (as long as wide); surface flat. Subcoxite wider and subequal in length to coxite.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AB431B75FA96BE5D" bold="true" box="[1138,1320,546,573]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Male genitalia:</emphasis>
Spiculum gastrale thin, apex truncate (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6CFFB2AEE91B11FDFCBE00" box="[472,578,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="89.[151,250,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[152,1432,1161,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-90@89.[152,1436,1161,1653]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 14. Spiculum gastrale. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, D) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, E) Tomarus pullus, F) T. rostratus, G) T. selanderi, H) T. subtropicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345059/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
). Parameres with apical 4th narrowed, without minute spines; latero-ventral teeth short, triangular (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6CFFB2AEA61B3DFDBABEE4" box="[407,516,618,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,183,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-24@90.[151,1436,181,1512]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 15. Parameres in frontal view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, H) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, I) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, J) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, K) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, L) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, M) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, N) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, O) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, P) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, Q) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, R) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, S) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, T) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345063/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figs. 15T</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6CFFB2AD3E1B3DFDFEBEE4" box="[527,576,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1597,1621]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,184,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-17@93.[151,1436,181,1573]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 18. Parameres in lateral view.A) L. (Ligyrus.) allonasutus, B) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, C) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, D) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, E) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, H) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, I) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, J) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, K) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, L) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345077/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">18L</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD6CFFB2AFF61BD8FD33B918" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD6CFFB2AFF61BD8FC39BF74" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AFF61BD8FEFCBEC9" bold="true" box="[199,322,654,680]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD6CFFB2AE791BD9FE45BEC8" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[328,507,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AE791BD9FE45BEC8" box="[328,507,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Ligyrus villosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by a short clypeus, frontal carinae widely interrupted at middle; pronotum without tubercle or fovea (only with a small swelling) (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6CFFB2ACB11BE5FC61BEAC" box="[896,991,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="101.[151,250,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[159,1430,189,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-17@101.[151,1436,181,1803]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURE 26. Habitus of the species of Ligyrus. Subgenus Ligyrus: A) Ligyrus fossor, B) L. gibbosus, C) L. nasutus, D) L. neglectus, E) L. paranaensis, F) L. peninsularis, G) L. rubripes, H) L. ruginasus, I) L. villosus. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345101/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 26I</figureCitation>
); pronotal punctation absent or minute; metatibia strongly triangular (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6CFFB2AEDA1B81FDEDBE90" box="[491,595,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,1055,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@88.[233,1355,1052,1897]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 12. Mesotibia (A–F). A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei; E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, F) L. (Ligyrus) villosus. Metatibia (G–L). G) Euligyrus similis, H) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, I) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, J) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, K) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, L) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345053/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 12L</figureCitation>
); coxite surface flat; parameres with apical 4th narrowed, without minute spines; lateral teeth of parameres short, triangular (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6CFFB2ADE01BADFC80BF74" box="[721,830,762,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,183,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-24@90.[151,1436,181,1512]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 15. Parameres in frontal view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, H) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, I) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, J) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, K) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, L) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, M) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, N) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, O) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, P) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, Q) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, R) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, S) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, T) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345063/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figs. 15T</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6CFFB2AC781BADFCC4BF74" box="[841,890,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1597,1621]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,184,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-17@93.[151,1436,181,1573]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 18. Parameres in lateral view.A) L. (Ligyrus.) allonasutus, B) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, C) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, D) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, E) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, H) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, I) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, J) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, K) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, L) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345077/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">18L</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD6CFFB2AFF61A48FF5EBF3C" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AFF61A48FE4EBF59" bold="true" box="[199,496,798,824]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD6CFFB2AEC91A49FD12BF58" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[504,684,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AEC91A49FD12BF58" box="[504,684,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Ligyrus villosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD6CFFB2AC041A49FC19BF58" box="[821,935,799,825]" name="Argentina" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD6CFFB2AC851A49FC54BF58" box="[948,1002,799,825]" name="Peru" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Peru</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD6CFFB2AB161A49FBDABF58" box="[1063,1124,799,825]" name="Chile" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Chile</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD6CFFB2AB451A49FF6ABF3C" author="Neita-Moreno, J. C. &amp; Ratcliffe, B. C." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref91798" refString="Neita-Moreno, J. C. &amp; Ratcliffe, B. C. (2017) The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi, 547, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2017">Neita-Moreno &amp; Ratcliffe 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD6CFFB2AFF61A30FBCCB8A4" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AFF61A30FE48BFE1" bold="true" box="[199,502,870,897]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Locality records (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD6CFFB2AEA41A30FE57BFE1" box="[405,489,870,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="108.[151,250,1066,1090]" captionTargetBox="[215,1380,181,1033]" captionTargetId="figure-24@108.[207,1380,181,1043]" captionTargetPageId="108" captionText="FIGURE 35. Distributional records of Ligyrus (Ligyrus) villosus, L. bidentulus, and L. rubripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345131/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="3CA633A4FD6CFFB2AECA1A31FD21BFE0" box="[507,671,871,897]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="generic">190 specimens</specimenCount>
examined from EMAC, IEXA, FSCA, MEKRB, MLUH, MN/UFRJ, MZUSP. Records from Argentina are taken from
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD6CFFB2ADF11ADDFB87BFC4" author="Neita-Moreno, J. C. &amp; Ratcliffe, B. C." box="[704,1081,907,933]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref91798" refString="Neita-Moreno, J. C. &amp; Ratcliffe, B. C. (2017) The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi, 547, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2017">Neita-Moreno &amp; Ratcliffe (2017)</bibRefCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AB721ADCFEE2BFA8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696779" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AB721ADCFF71BFA9" bold="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD6CFFB2AB721ADCFB53BFC5" box="[1091,1261,906,932]" name="Argentina" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
(17). Neuquén (17):
</emphasis>
Colón Cura
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AE561AF9FE57BFA8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696311" box="[359,489,943,969]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Quilquihue</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AEC51AF9FDD1BFA8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696995" box="[500,623,943,969]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Rinconada</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AD4B1AF9FD70BFA8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696931" box="[634,718,943,969]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Zapala.</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2ADE41AF8FF72BF8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696954" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2ADE41AF8FB88BFA9" bold="true" box="[725,1078,942,968]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD6CFFB2ADE41AF8FC91BFA9" box="[725,815,942,968]" name="Chile" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">CHILE</collectingCountry>
(179). Aconcagua (2):
</emphasis>
Los Molles (
<locationDeviation id="3BADE10FFD6CFFB2ABFD1AF9FF01BF8C" location="Pichidangui" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<quantity id="ED5855C8FD6CFFB2ABFD1AF9FAADBFA8" box="[1228,1299,943,969]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
S Pichidangui
</locationDeviation>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AFE31A84FE5ABF8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696565" box="[210,484,978,1005]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AFE31A84FE3EBF8D" bold="true" box="[210,384,978,1004]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Araucania (2):</emphasis>
Temuco
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AEDF1A85FC65BF8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696328" box="[494,987,978,1005]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Villarica.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AD6A1A84FD49BF8D" bold="true" box="[603,759,978,1004]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Atacama (1):</emphasis>
Vallenar (
<quantity id="ED5855C8FD6CFFB2AC581A84FC0EBF8C" box="[873,944,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
N).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2ACD31A84FB51BF8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696794" box="[994,1263,978,1005]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2ACD31A84FBDEBF8D" bold="true" box="[994,1120,978,1005]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Biobío (4):</emphasis>
Concepción
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2ABCB1A85FAE6BF8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696875" box="[1274,1368,979,1005]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Hualgui</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AA521A85FF4DB870" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986697040" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<collectingCounty id="C37E80A1FD6CFFB2AA521A85FF4DB870" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Salto de Laja.</collectingCounty>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AFCA1AA0FD89B870" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696415" box="[251,567,1014,1041]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AFCA1AA0FE07B871" bold="true" box="[251,441,1014,1040]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Coquimbo (10):</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD6CFFB2AEF01AA1FD89B870" box="[449,567,1015,1041]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">La Serena</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AD721AA1FD0AB870" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696511" box="[579,692,1015,1041]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Los Vilos</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2ADF11AA1FCA7B870" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696723" box="[704,793,1015,1041]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Tongoy</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AC141AAEFCCCB872" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696983" box="[805,882,1016,1043]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Ñague</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AC4F1AA1FC6AB870" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696634" box="[894,980,1015,1041]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Vicuña.</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2ACED1AA1FE90B854" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696681" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2ACED1AA1FBC9B871" bold="true" box="[988,1143,1014,1041]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Los Ríos (1):</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="CA7B6257FD6CFFB2AB4E1AA1FAFDB870" box="[1151,1347,1015,1041]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Rincón
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD6CFFB2ABE91AA1FAFDB870" box="[1240,1347,1015,1041]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">de Piedra</collectorName>
</collectingMunicipality>
(
<locationDeviation id="3BADE10FFD6CFFB2AA621AA1FE9DB854" location="Valdivia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<quantity id="ED5855C8FD6CFFB2AA621AA1FA22B870" box="[1363,1436,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
SE Valdivia
</locationDeviation>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AE071D4DFD8BB854" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986697011" box="[310,565,1050,1077]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AE071D4DFE7DB855" bold="true" box="[310,451,1050,1077]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Maule (37):</emphasis>
Curanipe
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AD701D4DFD15B854" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696501" box="[577,683,1051,1077]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD6CFFB2AD701D4DFD15B854" box="[577,683,1051,1077]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">El Coigo</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AD861D4DFBC4B854" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696498" box="[695,1146,1051,1077]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD6CFFB2AD861D4DFCF4B854" box="[695,842,1051,1077]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">El Pantanillo</collectorName>
(
<quantity id="ED5855C8FD6CFFB2AC6A1D4DFC1AB854" box="[859,932,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="17.0">17 km</quantity>
SE; Constitución)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2ABB71D4DFAB7B854" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696526" box="[1158,1289,1051,1077]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Los Niches</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AA271D4DFEBDB838" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696476" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Los Quenes (6
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD6CFFB2AF871D69FF46B838" box="[182,248,1087,1113]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Km S</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AE3E1D69FE45B838" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986697039" box="[271,507,1087,1113]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD6CFFB2AE3E1D69FE45B838" box="[271,507,1087,1113]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Pr. Forel Carrizalillo</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AD371D69FC80B838" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696688" box="[518,830,1087,1113]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD6CFFB2AD371D69FDD0B838" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD6DFFB2AFA61FC1FD33B918:2F7FAEF6FD6CFFB2AD371D69FDD0B838" box="[518,622,1087,1113]" country="Argentina" county="Salto de Laja." municipality="Rincon de Piedra" name="Rio Teno" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Arequipa">Rio Teno</location>
(
<locationDeviation id="3BADE10FFD6CFFB2AD4D1D69FC88B838" box="[636,822,1087,1113]" location="Curico" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<quantity id="ED5855C8FD6CFFB2AD4D1D69FD7BB838" box="[636,709,1087,1113]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
E Curico
</locationDeviation>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AC781D69FB23B838" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696915" box="[841,1181,1086,1116]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Talca.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2ACA51D16FBA5B839" bold="true" box="[916,1051,1086,1116]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Ñuble (29):</emphasis>
Portezuelo
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AB981D69FABAB838" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696639" box="[1193,1284,1087,1113]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Recinto</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AA3E1D69FEA4B81C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696630" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD6CFFB2AA3E1D69FAC4B838" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD6DFFB2AFA61FC1FD33B918:2F7FAEF6FD6CFFB2AA3E1D69FAC4B838" box="[1295,1402,1087,1113]" country="Argentina" county="Salto de Laja." municipality="Rincon de Piedra" name="Rio Pinto" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Arequipa">Rio Pinto</location>
(
<locationDeviation id="3BADE10FFD6CFFB2AABB1D69FEB1B81C" location="Chilian" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">E of Chilian</locationDeviation>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AE101D34FDE0B81C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696942" box="[289,606,1122,1149]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AE101D34FE70B81D" bold="true" box="[289,462,1122,1148]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">O’Higgins (2):</emphasis>
Olivar Alto.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AD571D34FC44B81C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986697014" box="[614,1018,1122,1149]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AD571D34FCB0B81D" bold="true" box="[614,782,1122,1148]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Santiago (20):</emphasis>
Cerro San Cristóbal
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AB361D35FAC9B81C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696774" box="[1031,1399,1123,1149]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Cordillera Reserva
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD6CFFB2ABD31D35FAC9B81C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD6DFFB2AFA61FC1FD33B918:2F7FAEF6FD6CFFB2ABD31D35FAC9B81C" box="[1250,1399,1123,1149]" country="Argentina" county="Salto de Laja." municipality="Rincon de Piedra" name="Rio Clarillos" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Arequipa">Rio Clarillos</location>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AAB21D35FF6AB8C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696784" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD6CFFB2AAB21D35FF6AB8C0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">El Toyo</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AFEE1DD1FED7B8C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696724" box="[223,361,1159,1185]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Los Condes</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AE451DD1FE7FB8C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696615" box="[372,449,1159,1185]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Maipú</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AEFD1DD1FDB7B8C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696895" box="[460,521,1159,1185]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Pilay</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AD241DD1FD27B8C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696900" box="[533,665,1159,1185]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Punta Yeso.</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AD911DD0FC11B8C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696420" box="[672,943,1158,1185]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AD911DD0FCDEB8C1" bold="true" box="[672,864,1158,1184]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Valparaiso (42):</emphasis>
Angol
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AC8B1DD1FB9EB8C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696491" box="[954,1056,1159,1185]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Limache</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AB1A1DD1FB21B8C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696925" box="[1067,1183,1159,1185]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Mantagua</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AB9B1DD1FA93B8C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696471" box="[1194,1325,1159,1185]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD6CFFB2AB9B1DD1FA93B8C0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD6DFFB2AFA61FC1FD33B918:2F7FAEF6FD6CFFB2AB9B1DD1FA93B8C0" box="[1194,1325,1159,1185]" country="Argentina" county="Salto de Laja." municipality="Rincon de Piedra" name="Rio Blanco" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Arequipa">Rio Blanco</location>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AA081DD1FA26B8C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696339" box="[1337,1432,1159,1185]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Quillota</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AFA61DFDFE72B8A5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696534" box="[151,460,1194,1221]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
San Antonio.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AE011DFDFE72B8A5" bold="true" box="[304,460,1194,1221]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">No data (26).</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AEE31DFDFC0FB8A4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696360" box="[466,945,1194,1221]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AEE31DFDFD48B8A5" bold="true" box="[466,758,1194,1221]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD6CFFB2AEE31DFDFDA0B8A4" box="[466,542,1195,1221]" name="Peru" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">PERU</collectingCountry>
(3).
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD6CFFB2AD651DFCFD7BB8A5" box="[596,709,1194,1220]" country="Peru" name="Arequipa" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Arequipa</collectingRegion>
(2):
</emphasis>
Socabaya, Lara.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="9AC8F270FD6CFFB2AC891DFCFBCCB8A4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3986696686" box="[952,1138,1194,1221]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AC891DFCFB97B8A5" bold="true" box="[952,1065,1194,1220]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD6CFFB2AC891DFCFC46B8A5" box="[952,1016,1194,1220]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Lima</collectingRegion>
(1):
</emphasis>
Lima.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD6CFFB2AFF61D99FD33B918" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2AFF61D99FE38B889" bold="true" box="[199,390,1230,1257]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Natural history.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD6CFFB2AEBC1D99FDF7B888" author="Gutierrez, R." box="[397,585,1230,1257]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="112 - 118" refId="ref90374" refString="Gutierrez, R. (1945) Contribuciones al conocimiento de los Scarabaeidae chilenos. Dynastinae Oryctini. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 48, 112 - 118." type="journal article" year="1945">Gutiérrez (1945)</bibRefCitation>
observed that
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD6CFFB2ADDF1D99FCDCB888" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[750,866,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD6CFFB2ADDF1D99FCDCB888" box="[750,866,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">L. villosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was nocturnal, sometimes highly abundant. Males in
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD6CFFB2AF821DA5FF4EB96C" box="[179,240,1267,1293]" name="Chile" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Chile</collectingCountry>
flew searching for females and copulation occurred under the soil, in the same hole from where the females emerged. This species occasionally attacks the roots of sunflower, alfalfa, and maize, but not becoming a significant pest (
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD6CFFB2AFE21C6DFE3CB934" author="Gutierrez, R." box="[211,386,1338,1365]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="112 - 118" refId="ref90374" refString="Gutierrez, R. (1945) Contribuciones al conocimiento de los Scarabaeidae chilenos. Dynastinae Oryctini. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 48, 112 - 118." type="journal article" year="1945">Gutiérrez 1945</bibRefCitation>
). It is a common species in blueberry crops, where larvae feed on roots causing weakening or even death of young plants (
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD6CFFB2AEE21C09FD3FB918" author="Cisternas, A. E." box="[467,641,1375,1401]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="91 - 105" refId="ref89114" refString="Cisternas, A. E. (2013) Insectos plaga de importancia economica asociados al arandano. Boletin Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, 263, 91 - 105." type="journal article" year="2013">Cisternas 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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