295 lines
44 KiB
XML
295 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document id="D01485282A046FFADE8254C12672638F" ID-CLB-Dataset="202083" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5211.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bb97b9dd-2acc-4244-8f30-72bef07b9ed9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7345007" ID-ZooBank="5754769C-B747-4714-BDD9-7D5509D48BEB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1669101340847" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="López-García, Margarita M. & Deloya, Cuauhtémoc" docDate="2022" docId="A209493BFD48FF99AFA61DEFFA23B8A1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5211.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5211 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5211.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Ligyrodes (Anagrylius) Casey 1915" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="5E303143FD5FFF81AF311956FFBEBC61" masterDocTitle="Cladistic analysis reveals polyphyly of Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae): new classification and taxonomic revision" masterLastPageNumber="119" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1699396337306" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="1404D90422786A65B4C84549F3A1F3A7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7B09C9C1A54E12D1E29F5C829FDC6EDD">
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<mods:title id="8CDBFB028FE5EB07B8F15B6A033D4B3C">Cladistic analysis reveals polyphyly of Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae): new classification and taxonomic revision</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EA3B65057DD2300D05CFA56CD71AF819" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="715856F9D20C1BE2136BC0665A0C7325">López-García, Margarita M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AE689C92EA1E45F1EC96DEE9A11B2A17" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2796-2931</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C49462D9F86063622FF26627A4C4704D" type="email">margaralopezg@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="CE7441FD510F243C292BDB7126CBC5C7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="429FD08F1D4F4347272A824959366231">Deloya, Cuauhtémoc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B4622A83D812A0EE0AB5577A4EEC2265" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4774-140X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0952F2E991E93E711F7C083DD2E1D9E6" type="email">cuauhtemoc.deloya@inecol.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="23CBEDF641016E7A8090936EA6F966E7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F36F2559AAE0375B54E191654DF1123E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6D35D34D5D16AB577E60D4B91C9EE385">
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<mods:date id="034E6F0C8B94F9EA1231905D02ECFBA1">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="07571F2DA914F981571EA473C67C5C12">2022-11-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0A2D96D3FA80907F28C3B2FDAEECA84B">5211</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A80CCBCD70B6DE627F2BEF59B53D95BA">1</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="88BAF1861A67C59922F866899EC6625F">119</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="72E91B04411F6C77A6786FD5C82DF3F8">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5211.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="131E7D31EF452E4D1828F4143F2EAF10">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C79038B48EAB182DE900CEB88D0AC0FB" type="CLB-Dataset">202083</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F05B30F1374D4937D4F80FC1AD280A62" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5211.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A209493BFD48FF99AFA61DEFFA23B8A1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7399792" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205794538" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7399792" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD48FF99AFA61DEFFA23B8A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A209493BFD48FF99AFA61DEFFA23B8A1" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD48FF96AFA61DEFFD56B8B2" box="[151,744,1209,1236]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD48FF96AFA61DEFFD56B8B2" blockId="23.[151,744,1209,1236]" box="[151,744,1209,1236]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD48FF96AFA61DEFFD56B8B2" bold="true" box="[151,744,1209,1236]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD48FF96AE261DEFFD89B8B2" authority="Casey, 1915" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[279,567,1209,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Anagrylius">
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD48FF96AE261DEFFE23B8B5" bold="true" box="[279,413,1209,1236]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Anagrylius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD48FF96AE951DEFFD89B8B2" author="Casey, T. L." box="[420,567,1209,1235]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 394" refId="ref88969" refString="Casey, T. L. (1915) A review of the American species of Rutelinae, Dynastinae, and Cetoniinae. Memoirs on the Coleoptera, 6, 1 - 394." type="journal article" year="1915">Casey, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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revised status
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD48FF96AFA61DA8FDF1B977" box="[151,591,1278,1302]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD48FF96AFA61DA8FDF1B977" blockId="23.[151,1316,1278,1302]" box="[151,591,1278,1302]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0AB0DF03FD48FF96AFA61DA8FDF1B977" box="[151,591,1278,1302]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<treatmentCitation id="AB01DE3CFD48FF96AFA61DA8FE09B977" author="Casey, T. L." box="[151,439,1278,1302]" page="204" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1915">
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<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD48FF96AFA61DA8FE09B977" authority="Casey 1915: 204" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,439,1278,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Anagrylius">
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD48FF96AFA61DA8FEB8B977" box="[151,262,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Anagrylius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD48FF96AE3C1DA8FE09B977" author="Casey, T. L." box="[269,439,1278,1302]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 394" refId="ref88969" refString="Casey, T. L. (1915) A review of the American species of Rutelinae, Dynastinae, and Cetoniinae. Memoirs on the Coleoptera, 6, 1 - 394." type="journal article" year="1915">Casey 1915: 204</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(as subgenus).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD48FF96AD651DA8FA9AB977" box="[596,1316,1278,1302]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD48FF96AD651DA8FA9AB977" blockId="23.[151,1316,1278,1302]" box="[596,1316,1278,1302]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD48FF96AD651DA8FD38B977" box="[596,646,1278,1302]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD48FF96ADD21DA8FB2CB977" authority="Burmeister, 1847" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[739,1170,1278,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Heteronychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumulosus">
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD48FF96ADD21DA8FC62B977" box="[739,988,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Heteronychus tumulosus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD48FF96ACD31DA8FB2CB977" author="Burmeister, H." box="[994,1170,1278,1302]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref88626" refString="Burmeister, H. (1847) Handbuch der Entomologie. Coleoptera Lamellicornia, Xylophila et Pectinicornia. Band 5. Enslin, Berlin, viii + 584 pp." type="book" year="1847">Burmeister, 1847</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD48FF99AFA61C12FEADBD7C" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD48FF99AFA61C12FEADBD7C" blockId="23.[151,1437,1348,2023]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,150,897]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD48FF96AFA61C12FE1FB93F" bold="true" box="[151,417,1348,1374]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Description. (
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD48FF96AE081C12FEF7B93F" bold="true" box="[313,329,1348,1374]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">n</emphasis>
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= 225).
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</emphasis>
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Length
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<quantity id="ED5855C8FD48FF96AECE1C12FD18B93E" box="[511,678,1348,1375]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.88" metricValueMin="1.3199999999999998" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="18.8" valueMin="13.2">13.2–18.8 mm</quantity>
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. Humeral width 6.2–9.0 mm.
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD48FF96ACC71C12FB81B93F" bold="true" box="[1014,1087,1348,1374]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Head:</emphasis>
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Clypeus trapezoidal (
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<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD48FF96AA041C12FA31B93F" box="[1333,1423,1348,1374]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="81.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-17@81.[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, D) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, E) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, H) Tomarus adoceteus, I) T. maimon, J) T. pullus, K) T. pumilus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345011/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
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). Apical clypeal teeth transverse to conical, widely separated. Ocular canthus rounded; without ventral or dorsal setae. Frons with 2 tumescences (
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<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD48FF96AEC01CDAFDF7B9C7" box="[497,585,1420,1446]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="81.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-17@81.[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, D) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, E) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, H) Tomarus adoceteus, I) T. maimon, J) T. pullus, K) T. pumilus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345011/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
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). Mentum subrectangular (
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<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD48FF96AC451CDAFC73B9C7" box="[884,973,1420,1446]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-24@82.[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 2. Labium. A) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, B) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) allonasutus, C) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, D) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, E) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, F) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, G) Euligyrus ebenus, H) E. similis, I) Tomarus gyas, J) Tomarus selanderi, K) Tomarus subtropicus. Abbreviations: LL: Ligular lobes, LP: Labial palpus, M: Mentum, S: Suture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345015/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
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), slightly narrowed at apex; apical margin with long, dense setae. Mentum and ligula separated by a suture (
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<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD48FF96AC4D1CE6FC69B9AB" box="[892,983,1456,1482]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-24@82.[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 2. Labium. A) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, B) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) allonasutus, C) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, D) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, E) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, F) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, G) Euligyrus ebenus, H) E. similis, I) Tomarus gyas, J) Tomarus selanderi, K) Tomarus subtropicus. Abbreviations: LL: Ligular lobes, LP: Labial palpus, M: Mentum, S: Suture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345015/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
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). Ligula wide; covered with long, dense setae; ligular lobes not fused, with a narrow emargination. Maxillar apical palpomere 1.5–1.7 times longer than the second. Maxilla with galea subrectangular (2 times longer than wide), with 6 teeth (
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<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD48FF96AB061CAEFB2EBA73" box="[1079,1168,1528,1554]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="83.[151,250,998,1022]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,185,967]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[151,1436,181,974]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maxilla. A) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, B) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) allonasutus. Numeration of teeth of galea: D) Euligyrus similis, E) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, F) Tomarus gyas, G) L. (Ligyrus) fossor, H) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345017/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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). Mandible tridentate (2 apical acute teeth and 1 lateral acute to rounded lobe); tooth 1 narrower than tooth 2. Labrum rectangular (2.5 times wider than long); apex straight to slightly bilobed, with long, dense setae. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club long (1.5 times longer than antennomeres 2–7).
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD48FF96AD411F32FD4CBA1F" bold="true" box="[624,754,1636,1662]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pronotum:</emphasis>
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Apical marginal bead complete.Apex with an inconspicuous, rounded tubercle and a small narrow, concavity.
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD48FF96AD801FDEFCB9BAC3" bold="true" box="[689,775,1672,1698]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Elytra:</emphasis>
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Inner surface of apex with transverse small tubercles forming 160–166 parallel lines.
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD48FF96AEF81FFAFDA0BAA7" bold="true" box="[457,542,1708,1734]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Wings:</emphasis>
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RA with dense, large peg-like setae on medial ventral region (
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<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD48FF96ABEA1FFAFAEBBAA7" box="[1243,1365,1708,1735]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1391,1415]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1368]" captionTargetId="figure-17@85.[151,1436,181,1368]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 7. Left hindwing in ventral view. A, C) Euligyrus similis, B, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, F) Tomarus gyas, G) T. maternus, H) T. rostratus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345031/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 7B, D</figureCitation>
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); with peg-like setae on dorsal surface. Edge of RA
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<subScript id="B624FA68FD48FF96ADB51FB4FD32BA91" attach="left" box="[644,652,1762,1776]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">3</subScript>
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with dense setae.
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD48FF96AC641F86FC6DBA8B" bold="true" box="[853,979,1744,1770]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Abdomen:</emphasis>
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Apex of tergite IV with short, transverse, parallel carinae. Sternite VIII emarginate in male; entire in female. Propygidium without stridulatory area.
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD48FF96AA721FA2FA22BB6F" bold="true" box="[1347,1436,1780,1806]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Venter:</emphasis>
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Prosternum convex. Propleura with long, sparse setae on anterior and posterior surfaces, setae on medial surface shorter and sparser. Apex of prosternal process spherical to flat, with dense setae, not covering all the surface. Metepisternum with incomplete carina; inner surface punctate, with long setae, outer surface homogeneously, glabrous. Metasternum with large, deep, confluent punctures; with long setae, denser on anterior corners.
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<emphasis id="18D4243FFD48FF96AB8E1ED2FABEBBFF" bold="true" box="[1215,1280,1924,1950]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Legs:</emphasis>
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Male protarsi simple; inner claw simple. Protibia tridentate, teeth equidistant (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD48FF96AC6A1EFEFC01BBA3" box="[859,959,1960,1986]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="88.[151,250,931,955]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,186,899]" captionTargetId="figure-24@88.[231,1357,181,907]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 11. Protibia in frontal view.A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, E) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, F) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, H) Tomarus bituberculatus, I) T. colombianus, J) T. pullus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345051/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apical margin of mesotibia and metatibia crenulate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD48FF96AE3D1E9AFE39BB87" box="[268,391,1996,2022]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,1055,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@88.[233,1355,1052,1897]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 12. Mesotibia (A–F). A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei; E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, F) L. (Ligyrus) villosus. Metatibia (G–L). G) Euligyrus similis, H) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, I) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, J) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, K) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, L) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345053/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 12C, I</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD48FF96AEAD1E9AFDD4BB87" bold="true" box="[412,618,1996,2022]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Female genitalia:</emphasis>
|
||
Subcoxite 2 times wider than long. Coxite subquadrate (as long as wide); surface strongly concave. Subcoxite wider and shorter than coxite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD47FF99ACB219C1FC57BCD0" box="[899,1001,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="89.[151,250,1041,1065]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,183,1016]" captionTargetId="figure-17@89.[151,1436,181,1017]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 13. Female genital plates. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, F) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, G) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, H) Tomarus laticaudus, I) T. maternus, J) T. rostratus, K) T. subtropicus. Abbreviations: SCx: Subcoxite, Cx: Coxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345057/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99ACCC19C1FB0EBCD1" bold="true" box="[1021,1200,150,177]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Male genitalia:</emphasis>
|
||
Phallobase 1.6 times longer than parameres. Parameres without dorsal teeth, with or without a small apical ventral tooth. Internal sac with copulatory lamellae; lamellar spiny belt long; a large accessory lamella with flat base and a thick acute projection (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD47FF99AFAE1855FEB9BD7C" box="[159,263,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="96.[151,250,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[161,1418,194,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-24@96.[151,1435,181,1715]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="FIGURE 21. Internal sac. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus. Abbreviations:AL:Accessory lamellae, Br: Brush of setae, CL: Copulatory lamella, LSB: Lamellar spiny belt, Ra: Raspula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345085/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD47FF99AFF61870FB41BE00" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD47FF99AFF61870FB41BE00" blockId="24.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AFF61870FEFCBD21" bold="true" box="[199,322,294,320]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Clypeus trapezoidal, apex with 2 conical to transverse small teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD47FF99AB7A1871FB18BD20" box="[1099,1190,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="81.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-17@81.[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, D) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, E) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, H) Tomarus adoceteus, I) T. maimon, J) T. pullus, K) T. pumilus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345011/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antennal club long. Mentum subrectangular, separated from the ligula by a suture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD47FF99AC5E181DFC72BD04" box="[879,972,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-24@82.[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 2. Labium. A) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, B) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) allonasutus, C) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, D) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, E) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, F) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, G) Euligyrus ebenus, H) E. similis, I) Tomarus gyas, J) Tomarus selanderi, K) Tomarus subtropicus. Abbreviations: LL: Ligular lobes, LP: Labial palpus, M: Mentum, S: Suture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345015/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ligula wide; covered with long, dense setae; ligular lobes not fused, with a narrow emargination. Galea with 6 teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD47FF99AB011839FB33BDE8" box="[1072,1165,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="83.[151,250,998,1022]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,185,967]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[151,1436,181,974]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maxilla. A) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, B) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) allonasutus. Numeration of teeth of galea: D) Euligyrus similis, E) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, F) Tomarus gyas, G) L. (Ligyrus) fossor, H) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345017/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotum with apical marginal bead complete and slightly elevated at middle to shape an inconspicuous tubercle, fovea reduced to a narrow, small concavity. Male protarsi simple. Protibia tridentate, teeth equidistant. Apical margin of mesotibia and metatibia crenulate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD47FF99AE4F188DFE45BD94" box="[382,507,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,1055,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@88.[233,1355,1052,1897]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 12. Mesotibia (A–F). A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei; E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, F) L. (Ligyrus) villosus. Metatibia (G–L). G) Euligyrus similis, H) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, I) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, J) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, K) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, L) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345053/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12C, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Internal sac of aedeagus with copulatory lamella, with a long lamellar spiny belt (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD47FF99AFAE18A9FEB6BE78" box="[159,264,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="96.[151,250,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[161,1418,194,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-24@96.[151,1435,181,1715]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="FIGURE 21. Internal sac. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus. Abbreviations:AL:Accessory lamellae, Br: Brush of setae, CL: Copulatory lamella, LSB: Lamellar spiny belt, Ra: Raspula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345085/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
|
||
); accessory lamella with flat base and a thick acute projection (T-shaped) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD47FF99AB6C18A9FB7BBE78" box="[1117,1221,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="96.[151,250,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[161,1418,194,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-24@96.[151,1435,181,1715]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="FIGURE 21. Internal sac. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus. Abbreviations:AL:Accessory lamellae, Br: Brush of setae, CL: Copulatory lamella, LSB: Lamellar spiny belt, Ra: Raspula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345085/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Surface of coxite strongly concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD47FF99AE521B75FE76BE5C" box="[355,456,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="89.[151,250,1041,1065]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,183,1016]" captionTargetId="figure-17@89.[151,1436,181,1017]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 13. Female genital plates. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, F) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, G) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, H) Tomarus laticaudus, I) T. maternus, J) T. rostratus, K) T. subtropicus. Abbreviations: SCx: Subcoxite, Cx: Coxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345057/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Stridulatory apparatus consisting of a diagonal line of transverse, short carinae on apex of sternite IV and apical inner surface of elytra with transverse, small tubercle forming parallel lines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD47FF99AFF61B3CFBB7BEE4" box="[199,1033,618,645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="synonymic_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD47FF99AFF61B3CFBB7BEE4" blockId="24.[151,1437,150,897]" box="[199,1033,618,645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AFF61B3CFED9BEE5" bold="true" box="[199,359,618,644]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Composition.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD47FF99AE5F1B3DFD74BEE4" authorityName="López-García & Deloya" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[366,714,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuniculus" subGenus="Anagrylius">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AE5F1B3DFE7ABEE5" box="[366,452,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ligyrus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AEE51B3DFDF1BEE4" box="[468,591,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Anagrylius</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AD6E1B3DFD74BEE4" box="[607,714,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">cuniculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD47FF99AC311B3DFBBDBEE5" authorityName="López-García & Deloya" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Lopez-Garcia & Deloya" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[768,1027,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moroni" subGenus="Anagrylius">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AC311B3DFCA9BEE5" box="[768,791,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AC161B3DFC1CBEE4" box="[807,930,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Anagrylius</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AC821B3DFBBDBEE5" box="[947,1027,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">moroni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD47FF99AFF61BD8FAE8BEAC" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD47FF99AFF61BD8FAE8BEAC" blockId="24.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AFF61BD8FE4FBEC9" bold="true" box="[199,497,654,680]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus is found in the Caribbean from the Atlantic Coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD47FF99ABEF1BD9FA9BBEC8" box="[1246,1317,655,681]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, along the northern coast of South America, the West Indies,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD47FF99ADFA1BE5FCABBEAC" box="[715,789,691,717]" name="Belize" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD47FF99AC111BE5FCC6BEAC" box="[800,888,691,717]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and southern Florida in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD47FF99AB891BE5FAECBEAC" box="[1208,1362,691,717]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD47FF99AFF61B80FEC3BFE0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD47FF99AFF61B80FEC3BFE0" blockId="24.[151,1437,150,897]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AFF61B80FE01BE90" bold="true" box="[199,447,726,753]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD47FF99AEF91B81FDDEBE90" author="Casey, T. L." box="[456,608,726,753]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 394" refId="ref88969" refString="Casey, T. L. (1915) A review of the American species of Rutelinae, Dynastinae, and Cetoniinae. Memoirs on the Coleoptera, 6, 1 - 394." type="journal article" year="1915">Casey (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD47FF99ADEF1B81FCE7BE90" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[734,857,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Anagrylius">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99ADEF1B81FCE7BE90" box="[734,857,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Anagrylius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD47FF99AB1A1B81FB3FBE91" baseAuthorityName="sensu Moron & Grossi" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[1067,1153,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AB1A1B81FB3FBE91" box="[1067,1153,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ligyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD47FF99AA351B81FA28BE90" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[1284,1430,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Heteronychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AA351B81FA28BE90" box="[1284,1430,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L. tumulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was different in the following respects: bidentate maxilla, clypeal teeth more separate, and head larger. The author did not dissect completely the mouth parts as the maxilla has not two but six teeth.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD47FF99AB911A49FA96BF58" author="Prell, H." box="[1184,1320,799,825]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="89 - 90" refId="ref92338" refString="Prell, H. (1937) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Dynastiden. XV. Neue Arten und Rassen. Entomologische Zeitschrift, 51, 89 - 90." type="journal article" year="1937">Prell (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD47FF99AFA61A15FDAFBF3D" authorityName="Prell" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,529,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cicatricosus" subGenus="Anagrylius">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AFA61A15FF53BF3D" box="[151,237,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ligyrus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AFCF1A15FEC7BF3C" box="[254,377,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Anagrylius</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AEBB1A15FDAFBF3D" box="[394,529,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">cicatricosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in this subgenus, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD47FF99AC3B1A15FC3BBF3C" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[778,901,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Anagrylius">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AC3B1A15FC3BBF3C" box="[778,901,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Anagrylius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not considered valid by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD47FF99ABE11A15FAC3BF3C" author="Endrodi, S." box="[1232,1405,835,861]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref89768" refString="Endrodi, S. (1969) Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: Pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). Entomologische Abhandlungen, 37, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="1969">Endrödi (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
or other recent authors.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD47FF99AFA61A85FD72BF8C" box="[151,716,978,1005]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD47FF99AFA61A85FD72BF8C" blockId="24.[151,716,978,1005]" box="[151,716,978,1005]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AFA61A85FD72BF8C" bold="true" box="[151,716,978,1005]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Key to the species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD47FF99AD771A84FD72BF8C" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[582,716,978,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Anagrylius">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AD771A84FD72BF8C" bold="true" box="[582,716,978,1005]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Anagrylius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD47FF99AFA61D4EFA23B8A1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="key">
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||
<keyStep id="9154E088FD47FF99AFA61D4EFA23B8A1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<key id="5E31AF1CFD47FF99AFA61D4EFA23B8A1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD47FF99AFA61D4EFA22B809" blockId="24.[151,1437,1048,1216]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<keyLead id="91515B18FD47FF99AFA61D4EFA22B809" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
1 Apical angles of clypeus rounded; clypeal teeth triangular to transverse. First and second apical teeth of mandible equal in size and not joined each other. Parameres with parallel sides, without ventral teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD47FF99ACE61D63FB87B82A" box="[983,1081,1077,1099]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,183,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-24@90.[151,1436,181,1512]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 15. Parameres in frontal view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, H) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, I) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, J) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, K) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, L) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, M) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, N) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, O) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, P) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, Q) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, R) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, S) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, T) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345063/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD47FF99AB721D63FBD3B82B" box="[1091,1133,1077,1098]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1215,1239]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,188,1184]" captionTargetId="figure-24@92.[151,1436,181,1191]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 17. Parameres in lateral view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus; E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345073/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">17D</figureCitation>
|
||
)...................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD47FF99AC831D04FA22B809" authority="(Fabricius, 1801)" authorityName="López-García & Deloya" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[946,1436,1106,1128]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuniculus" subGenus="Anagrylius">
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||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AC831D04FA22B809" bold="true" box="[946,1436,1106,1128]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AC831D04FC40B806" bold="true" box="[946,1022,1106,1127]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ligyrus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AB3D1D04FBC7B809" bold="true" box="[1036,1145,1106,1128]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Anagrylius</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99ABB91D04FB57B809" bold="true" box="[1160,1257,1106,1128]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">cuniculus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD47FF99ABC41D04FA2BB809" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[1269,1429,1106,1128]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref90093" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1801) Systema eleutheratorum secundum ordines, genera, species adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tomus II. Bibliopoli Academici, Kiel, 687 pp." type="book" year="1801">Fabricius, 1801</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD47FF99AFA61D26FA23B8A1" blockId="24.[151,1437,1048,1216]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<keyLead id="91515B18FD47FF99AFA61D26FA23B8A1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
- Apical angles of clypeus acute; clypeal teeth conical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD47FF99ADDA1D26FC86B8E4" box="[747,824,1136,1158]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="81.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-17@81.[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, D) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, E) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, H) Tomarus adoceteus, I) T. maimon, J) T. pullus, K) T. pumilus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345011/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). First apical tooth of mandible small and joined to the second. Parameres with parallel sides and a small apical ventral tooth each side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD47FF99ACA81DDBFC46B8C2" box="[921,1016,1165,1187]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,183,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-24@90.[151,1436,181,1512]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 15. Parameres in frontal view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, H) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, I) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, J) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, K) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, L) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, M) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, N) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, O) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, P) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, Q) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, R) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, S) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, T) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345063/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 15E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD47FF99AB331DDBFB97B8C3" box="[1026,1065,1165,1186]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1215,1239]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,188,1184]" captionTargetId="figure-24@92.[151,1436,181,1191]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 17. Parameres in lateral view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus; E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345073/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">17E</figureCitation>
|
||
)...............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD47FF99AC081DFCFA23B8A1" authority="(Lopez-Garcia & Deloya, 2019)" authorityName="López-García & Deloya" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Lopez-Garcia & Deloya" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[825,1437,1193,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moroni" subGenus="Anagrylius">
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||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AC081DFCFA23B8A1" bold="true" box="[825,1437,1193,1216]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AC081DFCFC3BB8DE" bold="true" box="[825,901,1194,1215]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ligyrus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99ACA21DFCFBBEB8A1" bold="true" box="[915,1024,1194,1216]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Anagrylius</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD47FF99AB3E1DFCFBE9B8DE" bold="true" box="[1039,1111,1194,1215]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">moroni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD47FF99AB521DFFFA2BB8A1" author="Lopez-Garcia, M. M. & Deloya, C." box="[1123,1429,1193,1216]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref91328" refString="Lopez-Garcia, M. M. & Deloya, C. (2019) Five new species of the dynastine genus Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), with an illustrated key to species. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 73, 127 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 73.1.127" type="journal article" year="2019">López-García & Deloya, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |