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<document id="57A5243DED2D56B9E859B9B510B9BFAA" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.197.1.3" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13639478" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725342262032" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kociolek, Patrick" docDate="2015" docId="03C8C356FFADFFFDFF57E560DE92FC73" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.197.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 197 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.197.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Halamphora attenuata Stepanek &amp; Kociolek 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="FFF1BB2EFFA8FFFAFFDFE21EDE41FFBD" masterDocTitle="Three new species of the diatom genus Halamphora (Bacillariophyta) from the prairie pothole lakes region of North Dakota, USA" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1725348271249" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="69F5102515658718B62F605C0D8A6BF7">Three new species of the diatom genus Halamphora (Bacillariophyta) from the prairie pothole lakes region of North Dakota, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7E76E42DD4FCA67B142490EEF227D767">Kociolek, Patrick</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03C8C356FFADFFFDFF57E560DE92FC73" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C8C356FFADFFFDFF57E560DE92FC73" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8C356FFADFFFDFF57E560DE92FC73" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
<subSubSection id="C37B21CBFFADFFFCFF57E560DB28F7A2" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDE7240FFADFFFFFF57E560DD3DF824" blockId="5.[136,892,1918,1945]" box="[136,892,1918,1945]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
<heading id="D096C52CFFADFFFFFF57E560DD3DF824" box="[136,892,1918,1945]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C6109C3FFADFFFFFF57E560DCC9F824" authority="Stepanek &amp; Kociolek" authorityName="Stepanek &amp; Kociolek" authorityYear="2015" box="[136,648,1918,1945]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Catenulaceae" genus="Halamphora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiophysales" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="attenuata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B915AE52FFADFFFFFF57E560DFD1F824" bold="true" box="[136,400,1918,1945]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Halamphora attenuata</emphasis>
Stepanek &amp; Kociolek
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2261329FFADFFFFFD50E59EDCA4F824" box="[655,741,1920,1945]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B915AE52FFADFFFFFD50E59EDCE9F824" box="[655,680,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">sp</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B915AE52FFADFFFFFD69E59EDC9FF824" box="[694,734,1920,1945]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="135A6EC5FFADFFFFFD2BE59EDD34F824" box="[756,885,1920,1945]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 29–39" captionStart-1="FIGURES 40–44" captionStartId-0="6.[136,241,699,720]" captionStartId-1="6.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox-0="[169,1419,175,681]" captionTargetBox-1="[228,1360,767,1983]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@6.[169,1419,175,681]" captionTargetId-1="figure-38@6.[228,1360,767,1983]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 29–39: LM. Halamphora attenuata sp. nov. Single valves showing size range. Fig. 31. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 40–44: SEM. Halamphora attenuata sp. nov. Fig. 40. External whole valve view. Fig. 41. Detail of external valve center showing axial row of biseriate striae (arrow). Fig. 42. Detail of the internal valve center showing the transition from biseriate to uniseriate" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13639488" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13639490" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13639488/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13639490/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Figs 29–44</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE7240FFADFFFCFF57E5D4DB28F7A2" blockId="5.[136,1452,1994,2087]" lastBlockId="6.[136,1452,1993,2079]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
Valves are semi-lanceolate with a smoothly arched dorsal margin and a straight to slightly convex ventral margin. Valve length 20.0–33.0 μm, valve breadth 3.5–4.5 μm. The valve ends are protracted, narrowly rounded and slightly bent ventrally. The raphe is arched with nearly straight raphe branches. Proximal raphe ends terminate closely and are slightly deflected dorsally. The distal raphe ends are striae (arrows), and fused virgae at the dorsal valve center (thin arrow).
<figureCitation id="135A6EC5FFAEFFFCFCE6EA14DDE6F7A2" box="[825,935,2058,2079]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–44" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[228,1360,767,1983]" captionTargetId="figure-38@6.[228,1360,767,1983]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 40–44: SEM. Halamphora attenuata sp. nov. Fig. 40. External whole valve view. Fig. 41. Detail of external valve center showing axial row of biseriate striae (arrow). Fig. 42. Detail of the internal valve center showing the transition from biseriate to uniseriate" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13639490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13639490/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Figs 43, 44</figureCitation>
. Internal whole valve view. Scale bars = 1 μm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1E22C8FFAEFFFCFF57E0A5DBDDFD6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13639488" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13639488" box="[136,1436,699,720]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13639488/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" startId="6.[136,241,699,720]" targetBox="[169,1419,175,681]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BDE7240FFAEFFFCFF57E0A5DBDDFD6D" blockId="6.[136,1436,699,720]" box="[136,1436,699,720]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B915AE52FFAEFFFCFF57E0A5DF70FD6D" bold="true" box="[136,305,699,720]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">FIGURES 29–39</emphasis>
: LM.
<taxonomicName id="4C6109C3FFAEFFFCFEB2E0A5DC05FD6D" authorityName="Stepanek &amp; Kociolek" authorityYear="2015" box="[365,580,699,720]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Catenulaceae" genus="Halamphora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiophysales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="attenuata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B915AE52FFAEFFFCFEB2E0A5DC05FD6D" box="[365,580,699,720]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Halamphora attenuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2261329FFAEFFFCFD96E0A5DCD3FD6D" box="[585,658,699,720]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Single valves showing size range. Fig. 31. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1E22C8FFAEFFFCFF57E5D7DBEAF846" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13639490" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13639490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13639490/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" startId="6.[136,243,1993,2014]" targetBox="[228,1360,767,1983]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BDE7240FFAEFFFCFF57E5D7DBEAF846" blockId="6.[136,1452,1993,2079]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B915AE52FFAEFFFCFF57E5D7DF76F863" bold="true" box="[136,311,1993,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">FIGURES 40–44</emphasis>
: SEM.
<taxonomicName id="4C6109C3FFAEFFFCFE59E5D7DC25F863" authorityName="Stepanek &amp; Kociolek" authorityYear="2015" box="[390,612,1993,2014]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Catenulaceae" genus="Halamphora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiophysales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="attenuata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B915AE52FFAEFFFCFE59E5D7DC25F863" box="[390,612,1993,2014]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Halamphora attenuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2261329FFAEFFFCFDB3E5D7DCF8F863" box="[620,697,1993,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Fig. 40. External whole valve view. Fig. 41. Detail of external valve center showing axial row of biseriate striae (arrow). Fig. 42. Detail of the internal valve center showing the transition from biseriate to uniseriate
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C37B21CBFFAFFFFDFF62E2BEDA1EFD34" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDE7240FFAFFFFDFF62E2BEDBEDFF40" blockId="7.[136,1453,160,721]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
difficult to see in the LM. The axial area is narrow throughout, expanding slightly near the ventral valve center. Dorsal striae are fine,
<quantity id="4C99DFA5FFAFFFFDFF30E2DADF05FF64" box="[239,324,196,217]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" metricValueMax="6.35" metricValueMin="5.842" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" unit="in" value="24.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="23.0">23–25 in</quantity>
10 μm, and are finely areolate and weakly radiate throughout. In many specimens a broad raphe ledge can be seen in the LM, appearing as a ‘longitudinal line’ or ‘shadow’ running the length of the dorsal striae. Ventral striae number
<quantity id="4C99DFA5FFAFFFFDFAD2E2F6DB23FF40" box="[1293,1378,232,253]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.984999999999999" metricValueMax="7.366" metricValueMin="6.604" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" unit="in" value="27.5" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="26.0">26–29 in</quantity>
10 μm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE7240FFAFFFFDFF62E312DA7DFEF8" blockId="7.[136,1453,160,721]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">A light siliceous thickening or ‘semi-stauros’ can be observed at the dorsal central area in some of the specimens. Depending on the angle at which the valve is lying, the ventral portion of the valve can appear broad or narrow.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE7240FFAFFFFDFF57E34ADBECFE30" blockId="7.[136,1453,160,721]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
In the SEM, externally, the raphe is slightly biarcuate with the proximal ends slightly deflected dorsally and the distal ends hooked past the raphe ledge. The dorsal raphe ledge is very broad (
<figureCitation id="135A6EC5FFAFFFFDFD45E366DCA1FE30" box="[666,736,376,397]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–44" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[228,1360,767,1983]" captionTargetId="figure-38@6.[228,1360,767,1983]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 40–44: SEM. Halamphora attenuata sp. nov. Fig. 40. External whole valve view. Fig. 41. Detail of external valve center showing axial row of biseriate striae (arrow). Fig. 42. Detail of the internal valve center showing the transition from biseriate to uniseriate" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13639490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13639490/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
), although many specimens exhibited significant dissolution of this feature.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE7240FFAFFFFDFF62E382DBEDFE68" blockId="7.[136,1453,160,721]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
The dorsal striae are crossed by many irregularly spaced vimines creating round to ovoid areolae of variable size and spacing. The initial axial row of areolae is elongate and biseriate in contrast to the single areolate structure of the rest of the striae (
<figureCitation id="135A6EC5FFAFFFFDFAC8E3DEDB1DFE68" box="[1303,1372,448,469]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–44" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[228,1360,767,1983]" captionTargetId="figure-38@6.[228,1360,767,1983]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 40–44: SEM. Halamphora attenuata sp. nov. Fig. 40. External whole valve view. Fig. 41. Detail of external valve center showing axial row of biseriate striae (arrow). Fig. 42. Detail of the internal valve center showing the transition from biseriate to uniseriate" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13639490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13639490/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
, arrow).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE7240FFAFFFFDFF62E3FADA1EFD34" blockId="7.[136,1453,160,721]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
It appears that this biseriate row of areolae is typically covered by the dorsal raphe ledge, and can only be observed here due to the partial dissolution of the raphe ledge (
<figureCitation id="135A6EC5FFAFFFFDFDF3E016DCDDFDA0" box="[556,668,520,541]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–44" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[228,1360,767,1983]" captionTargetId="figure-38@6.[228,1360,767,1983]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 40–44: SEM. Halamphora attenuata sp. nov. Fig. 40. External whole valve view. Fig. 41. Detail of external valve center showing axial row of biseriate striae (arrow). Fig. 42. Detail of the internal valve center showing the transition from biseriate to uniseriate" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13639490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13639490/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Figs 40, 41</figureCitation>
). The ventral striae are composed of a single row of elongate areolae. A marginal ridge is not apparent in this taxon and the areolate striae continue to the valve margin. Internally, the axial row of biseriate dorsal striae make up nearly half of the dorsal striae before being crossed by vimines (
<figureCitation id="135A6EC5FFAFFFFDFC1FE04EDA4BFDD8" box="[960,1034,592,613]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–44" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[228,1360,767,1983]" captionTargetId="figure-38@6.[228,1360,767,1983]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 40–44: SEM. Halamphora attenuata sp. nov. Fig. 40. External whole valve view. Fig. 41. Detail of external valve center showing axial row of biseriate striae (arrow). Fig. 42. Detail of the internal valve center showing the transition from biseriate to uniseriate" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13639490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13639490/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Figs 42</figureCitation>
arrows, 43, 44). The dorsal virgae near the valve center are slightly thickened and fused near the central nodule (
<figureCitation id="135A6EC5FFAFFFFDFC88E06ADDE1FD34" box="[855,928,628,649]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–44" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[228,1360,767,1983]" captionTargetId="figure-38@6.[228,1360,767,1983]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 40–44: SEM. Halamphora attenuata sp. nov. Fig. 40. External whole valve view. Fig. 41. Detail of external valve center showing axial row of biseriate striae (arrow). Fig. 42. Detail of the internal valve center showing the transition from biseriate to uniseriate" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13639490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13639490/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Figs 42</figureCitation>
thin arrow, 43, 44).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B21CBFFAFFFFDFF57E086DE92FC73" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDE7240FFAFFFFDFF57E086DBE3FD6C" blockId="7.[136,1453,160,721]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B915AE52FFAFFFFDFF57E086DE83FD10" bold="true" box="[136,194,664,685]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Type:</emphasis>
—
<materialsCitation id="3B09781DFFAFFFFDFF03E086DF0AFD6C" collectingDate="2011-11-03" collectionCode="ANSP" country="United States of America" county="Kidder County" latitude="46.95448" location="Salt Alkaline Lake" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-99.52382" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" specimenCode="GC 65214" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Dakota" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F37632D0FFAFFFFDFF03E086DF4FFD10" box="[220,270,664,685]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">USA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49A5BCA2FFAFFFFDFECAE086DFDBFD10" box="[277,410,664,685]" country="United States of America" name="North Dakota" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">North Dakota</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62BF0ACCFFAFFFFDFE7DE086DC72FD10" box="[418,563,664,685]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Kidder County</collectingCounty>
:
<location id="8EBE249BFFAFFFFDFDE4E086DCAFFD10" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C8C356FFADFFFDFF57E560DE92FC73:8EBE249BFFAFFFFDFDE4E086DCAFFD10" box="[571,750,664,685]" country="United States of America" county="Kidder County" latitude="46.95448" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-99.52382" name="Salt Alkaline Lake" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" stateProvince="North Dakota">Salt Alkaline Lake</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE551487FFAFFFFDFD29E086DD2CFD10" box="[758,877,664,685]" degrees="46.95448" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" precision="1" value="46.95448">N46.95448°</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE551487FFAFFFFDFCA9E086DDB3FD10" box="[886,1010,664,685]" degrees="99.52382" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" precision="1" value="-99.52382">W99.52382°</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFDF5480FFAFFFFDFC24E086DAE7FD10" box="[1019,1190,664,685]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" value="2011-11-03">
<collectingDate id="EF9BAD68FFAFFFFDFC24E086DAE7FD10" box="[1019,1190,664,685]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" value="2011-11-03">3 November 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<typeStatus id="54DACCE2FFAFFFFDFB70E086DB4DFD10" box="[1199,1292,664,685]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: Slide
<collectionCode id="ED70EA85FFAFFFFDFA96E086DBC4FD10" box="[1353,1413,664,685]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">ANSP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBC7DA3BFFAFFFFDFA55E086DEBAFD6C" collectionCode="GC" country="0" name="Goucher College" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">GC 65214</specimenCode>
,
<figureCitation id="135A6EC5FFAFFFFDFEDAE0A2DF0AFD6C" box="[261,331,700,721]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–39" captionStartId="6.[136,241,699,720]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,175,681]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[169,1419,175,681]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 29–39: LM. Halamphora attenuata sp. nov. Single valves showing size range. Fig. 31. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13639488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13639488/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B09781DFFAFFFFDFE89E0A2DBDFFD6C" box="[342,1438,700,721]" collectionCode="ANSP, COLO" country="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" specimenCode="GCM 5692" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="isotype">
<typeStatus id="54DACCE2FFAFFFFDFE89E0A2DFEBFD6C" box="[342,426,700,721]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="isotype">Isotypes</typeStatus>
: cleaned material
<collectionCode id="ED70EA85FFAFFFFDFD8AE0A2DCD0FD6C" box="[597,657,700,721]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">ANSP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBC7DA3BFFAFFFFDFD47E0A2DD46FD6C" box="[664,775,700,721]" collectionCode="GCM" country="Pakistan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6cg4-m6r9" name="Government College, Department of Zoology" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">GCM 5692</specimenCode>
, slide and cleaned material JPK 7981, Kociolek Collection at
<collectionCode id="ED70EA85FFAFFFFDFA85E0A2DBDFFD6C" box="[1370,1438,700,721]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15540" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15540" name="University of Colorado Herbarium" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">COLO</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE7240FFAFFFFDFF57E11FDE92FC73" blockId="7.[136,1452,769,974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B915AE52FFAFFFFDFF57E11FDF71FCA7" bold="true" box="[136,304,769,794]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Observations:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="4C6109C3FFAFFFFDFE93E11FDC0CFCA7" authorityName="Stepanek &amp; Kociolek" authorityYear="2015" box="[332,589,769,794]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Catenulaceae" genus="Halamphora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiophysales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="attenuata">
<emphasis id="B915AE52FFAFFFFDFE93E11FDC0CFCA7" box="[332,589,769,794]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Halamphora attenuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles several taxa with fine areolate striae in general valve dimensions and striae counts, including
<taxonomicName id="4C6109C3FFAFFFFDFE61E13BDDBFFC83" authority="(Kutzing) Levkov (2009: 175" authorityName="Levkov" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Kutzing" box="[446,1022,805,830]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Catenulaceae" genus="Halamphora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiophysales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B915AE52FFAFFFFDFE61E13BDCEFFC83" box="[446,686,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Halamphora borealis</emphasis>
(Kützing)
<bibRefCitation id="EFF00FB1FFAFFFFDFCF9E13BDDBFFC83" author="Levkov, Z." box="[806,1022,805,830]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" refId="ref5462" refString="Levkov, Z. (2009) Amphora sensu lato. In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (Ed.) Diatoms of Europe, Volume 5. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G., Ruggell, 916 pp." type="book" year="2009">Levkov (2009: 175</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; basionym:
<taxonomicName id="4C6109C3FFAFFFFDFB5CE13BDEBCFCDF" authority="Kutzing 1844: 108" authorityName="Kutzing" authorityPageNumber="108" authorityYear="1844" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Catenulaceae" genus="Amphora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiophysales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B915AE52FFAFFFFDFB5CE13BDB0DFC83" box="[1155,1356,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Amphora borealis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF00FB1FFAFFFFDFA8EE13BDEBCFCDF" author="Kutzing, F. T." pageId="7" pageNumber="34" refId="ref5367" refString="Kutzing, F. T. (1844) Die Kieselschaligen. Bacillarien oder Diatomeen. Nordhausen, 152 pp." type="book" year="1844">Kützing 1844: 108</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C6109C3FFAFFFFDFE9CE157DD4BFCDF" authority="Levkov &amp; Diaz" authorityName="Levkov &amp; Diaz" box="[323,778,841,866]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Catenulaceae" genus="Halamphora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiophysales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="salinicola">
<emphasis id="B915AE52FFAFFFFDFE9CE157DC0BFCDF" box="[323,586,841,866]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Halamphora salinicola</emphasis>
Levkov &amp; Diaz
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFF00FB1FFAFFFFDFCEAE157DA5EFCDF" author="Levkov, Z." box="[821,1055,841,866]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" refId="ref5462" refString="Levkov, Z. (2009) Amphora sensu lato. In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (Ed.) Diatoms of Europe, Volume 5. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G., Ruggell, 916 pp." type="book" year="2009">Levkov (2009: 220)</bibRefCitation>
. Of these taxa only
<taxonomicName id="4C6109C3FFAFFFFDFAD1E157DBCEFCDF" authorityName="Kutzing" authorityYear="1844" box="[1294,1423,841,866]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Catenulaceae" genus="Amphora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiophysales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="B915AE52FFAFFFFDFAD1E157DB63FCDF" box="[1294,1314,841,866]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B915AE52FFAFFFFDFAEBE157DBCEFCDF" box="[1332,1423,841,866]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">borealis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widespread, being found in brackish waters throughout Europe.
<taxonomicName id="4C6109C3FFAFFFFDFCADE173DA34FC3B" authorityName="Stepanek &amp; Kociolek" authorityYear="2015" box="[882,1141,877,902]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Catenulaceae" genus="Halamphora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiophysales" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="attenuata">
<emphasis id="B915AE52FFAFFFFDFCADE173DA34FC3B" box="[882,1141,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Halamphora attenuata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from these taxa by its broad, often convex, ventral valve, broad raphe ledge, and thickened dorsal virgae near the valve center.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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