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<document id="E0D4CD0A7FAA85E42A2D95F0E59C9317" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3171.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5247704" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629760625430" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Calder, Dale R." docDate="2012" docId="03C8247ED00EFF81FF62FDC1FF552F6F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03171p077.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3171 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3171.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pachycordyle michaeli" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFF15C06D002FF8CFFF5FFADFF902B0F" masterDocTitle="On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroidolina) from the west coast of Sweden, with a checklist of species from the region 3171" masterLastPageNumber="77" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1699108100581" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="F2E37FA0B82C3447B451DE91FA5412E8">On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroidolina) from the west coast of Sweden, with a checklist of species from the region 3171</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FD44EF66B86D1802A11F19FB854C0F90">Calder, Dale R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:number id="732445A5144A26DBAF9F360C294AE6F0">3171</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C8247ED00EFF81FF62FDC1FF552F6F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5248506" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5248506" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C8247ED00EFF81FF62FDC1FF552F6F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8247ED00EFF81FF62FDC1FF552F6F" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="C37BC6E3D00EFF80FF62FDC1FDF0298A" box="[151,608,619,646]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D00EFF80FF62FDC1FDF0298A" blockId="12.[151,608,619,679]" box="[151,608,619,646]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D0962204D00EFF80FF62FDC1FDF0298A" bold="true" box="[151,608,619,646]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD00EFF80FF62FDC1FDF0298A" ID-CoL="4BQZJ" authority="(Berrill, 1948)" baseAuthorityName="Berrill" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[151,608,619,646]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Pachycordyle" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="michaeli">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FF62FDC1FDF0298A" bold="true" box="[151,608,619,646]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FF62FDC1FE392989" bold="true" box="[151,425,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pachycordyle michaeli</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FE4DFDC6FDC8298A" author="Berrill, N. J." box="[440,600,619,645]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="289 - 295" refId="ref55391" refString="Berrill, N. J. (1948) The life cycle of Aselomaris michaeli, a new gymnoblastic hydroid. Biological Bulletin, 95, 289 - 295." type="journal article" year="1948">Berrill, 1948</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37BC6E3D00EFF80FF62FD22FF7529A8" box="[151,229,655,679]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D00EFF80FF62FD22FF7529A8" blockId="12.[151,608,619,679]" box="[151,229,655,679]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<figureCitation id="135A89EDD00EFF80FF62FD22FF7529A8" box="[151,229,655,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1006,1029]" captionTargetBox="[463,1135,199,979]" captionTargetId="figure-332@13.[445,806,193,986]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Pachycordyle michaeli: part of colony with hydrocaulus, hydranth, and gonophores, ROMIZ B3891. Scale equals 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5247730/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37BC6E3D00EFF80FF62FD75FD1D29E1" box="[151,653,728,750]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D00EFF80FF62FD75FD1D29E1" blockId="12.[151,653,728,750]" box="[151,653,728,750]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB71B246D00EFF80FF62FD75FD1D29E1" box="[151,653,728,750]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<treatmentCitation id="0AC0B379D00EFF80FF62FD75FDB429E1" author="Berrill, N. J." box="[151,548,728,750]" page="289" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1948">
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD00EFF80FF62FD75FDB429E1" ID-CoL="H95B" authority="Berrill, 1948: 289" authorityName="Berrill" authorityPageNumber="289" authorityYear="1948" box="[151,548,728,750]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Aselomaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="michaeli">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FF62FD75FEF629E1" box="[151,358,728,750]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aselomaris michaeli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FE99FD75FDB429E1" author="Berrill, N. J." box="[364,548,728,750]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="289 - 295" refId="ref55391" refString="Berrill, N. J. (1948) The life cycle of Aselomaris michaeli, a new gymnoblastic hydroid. Biological Bulletin, 95, 289 - 295." type="journal article" year="1948">Berrill, 1948: 289</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 14.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37BC6E3D00EFF80FF62FC8DFCB128AB" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D00EFF80FF62FC8DFCED2838" blockId="12.[151,1437,799,1940]" box="[151,893,799,824]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<materialsCitation id="3B099F35D00EFF80FF62FC8DFCE92838" box="[151,889,799,824]" country="United States of America" location="Boothbay Harbor" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Maine" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FF62FC8DFEA52837" bold="true" box="[151,309,799,824]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
<typeStatus id="54DA2BCAD00EFF80FF62FC8DFF422837" box="[151,210,800,824]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D00EFF80FEC9FCB2FEE82838" box="[316,376,799,823]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49A55B8AD00EFF80FE76FCB2FE5D2838" box="[387,461,799,823]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Maine</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EBEC3B3D00EFF80FE2DFCB2FD0B2838" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C8247ED00EFF81FF62FDC1FF552F6F:8EBEC3B3D00EFF80FE2DFCB2FD0B2838" box="[472,667,799,823]" country="United States of America" name="Boothbay Harbor" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Maine">Boothbay Harbor</location>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FD5FFCB2FCE12838" author="Berrill, N. J." box="[682,881,799,823]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="289 - 295" refId="ref55391" refString="Berrill, N. J. (1948) The life cycle of Aselomaris michaeli, a new gymnoblastic hydroid. Biological Bulletin, 95, 289 - 295." type="journal article" year="1948">Berrill 1948: 289</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D00EFF80FF32FCE9FCB128AB" blockId="12.[151,1437,799,1940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FF32FCE9FE3A2853" bold="true" box="[199,426,835,860]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">Museum material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B099F35D00EFF80FE4CFCE9FC8D28AB" collectingDate="2010-09-07" collectionCode="ROMIZ" county="Tjarno" elevation="1" latitude="58.876022" location="Marine Sciences" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.145458" municipality="Sven Loven" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="B3891" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Centre">
<collectingCounty id="62BFEDE4D00EFF80FE4CFCE9FD962853" box="[441,518,836,860]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tjärnö</collectingCounty>
, floating dock at
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBA0F12D00EFF80FD1CFCE9FCE72853" box="[745,887,836,860]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sven Lovén</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion id="49A55B8AD00EFF80FC72FCE9FC412853" box="[903,977,836,860]" country="Haiti" name="Centre" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Centre</collectingRegion>
for
<location id="8EBEC3B3D00EFF80FBE4FCE9FB462853" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C8247ED00EFF81FF62FDC1FF552F6F:8EBEC3B3D00EFF80FBE4FCE9FB462853" box="[1041,1238,836,860]" county="Tjarno" latitude="58.876022" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.145458" municipality="Sven Loven" name="Marine Sciences" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Centre">Marine Sciences</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE55F3AFD00EFF80FB1CFCE9FA072853" box="[1257,1431,836,860]" degrees="58" direction="north" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" seconds="33.68" value="58.876022">58°5233.68”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE55F3AFD00EFF80FF62FCCAFED12870" box="[151,321,871,895]" degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" seconds="43.65" value="11.145458">11°0843.65”E</geoCoordinate>
, &lt;
<quantity id="4C99388DD00EFF80FE97FCCAFE1D2870" box="[354,397,871,895]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="1.0">
<elevation id="004C725BD00EFF80FE97FCCAFE1D2870" box="[354,397,871,895]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDFB3A8D00EFF80FE6EFCCAFD852870" box="[411,533,871,895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2010-09-07">
<collectingDate id="EF9B4A40D00EFF80FE6EFCCAFD852870" box="[411,533,871,895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2010-09-07">07.ix.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, collected manually, along edge of dock just below surface of water, two colonies, up to 0.5 cm high, with gonophores,
<collectionCode id="ED700DADD00EFF80FD9BFC21FD5828AB" box="[622,712,908,932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBC73D13D00EFF80FD3AFC21FC8D28AB" box="[719,797,908,932]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B3891</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37BC6E3D00EFF81FF32FC1DFF552F6F" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D00EFF80FF32FC1DFF4F2FCB" blockId="12.[151,1437,799,1940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FF32FC1DFEAB28C7" bold="true" box="[199,315,944,968]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FEB3FC02FD9C28C8" author="Schuchert, P." box="[326,524,943,967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="195 - 396" refId="ref65953" refString="Schuchert, P. (2007) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 2. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 114, 195 - 396." type="journal article" year="2007">Schuchert (2007)</bibRefCitation>
suspected that
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD00EFF80FD33FC1DFBF528C8" authority="(Millard, 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Millard" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[710,1125,943,968]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Pachycordyle" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="navis">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FD33FC1DFC3628C8" box="[710,934,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pachycordyle navis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FC4FFC02FBCE28C8" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[954,1118,943,967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="239 - 256" refId="ref62960" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1959) Hydrozoa from ship's hulls and experimental plates in Cape Town docks. Annals of the South African Museum, 45, 239 - 256." type="journal article" year="1959">Millard, 1959</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, originally described from
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D00EFF80FF62FC79FEBA28E3" box="[151,298,980,1004]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">South Africa</collectingCountry>
and subsequently discovered in northern Europe, was conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD00EFF80FB98FC78FA0C28E3" authority="(Berrill, 1948)" baseAuthorityName="Berrill" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[1133,1436,980,1004]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Aselomaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="michaeli">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FB98FC78FB7C28E3" box="[1133,1260,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. michaeli</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FB0AFC79FA0428E3" author="Berrill, N. J." box="[1279,1428,980,1004]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="289 - 295" refId="ref55391" refString="Berrill, N. J. (1948) The life cycle of Aselomaris michaeli, a new gymnoblastic hydroid. Biological Bulletin, 95, 289 - 295." type="journal article" year="1948">Berrill, 1948</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from boreal waters along the east coast of the
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D00EFF80FD6AFC5AFCA92F00" box="[671,825,1015,1039]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">United States</collectingCountry>
. There appear to be no noteworthy morphological differences between the two, and they are united here under the senior synonym.
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD00EFF80FBEAFBB1FF5F2F58" authority="Thiel, 1962" authorityName="Thiel" authorityYear="1962" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Clavopsella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadranularia">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FBEAFBB1FAC12F3B" box="[1055,1361,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Clavopsella quadranularia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FAAFFBB1FF5F2F58" author="Thiel, H." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="227 - 260" refId="ref66870" refString="Thiel, H. (1962). Clavopsella quadranularia nov. spec. (Clavopsellidae nov. fam.), ein neuer Hydroidpolyp aus der Ostsee und seine phylogenetische Bedeutung. Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Okologie der Tiere, 51, 227 - 260." type="journal article" year="1962">Thiel, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the Kiel Canal in the Baltic Sea had earlier been included as a synonym of of
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD00EFF80FB85FBECFB5A2F58" baseAuthorityName="Millard" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[1136,1226,1088,1112]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Pachycordyle" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="navis">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FB85FBECFB5A2F58" box="[1136,1226,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. navis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FB05FB92FA082F58" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[1264,1432,1087,1111]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref63038" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard (1975)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD00EFF80FF62FBC9FD172F73" authority="Marfenin, 1983" authorityName="Marfenin" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,647,1124,1148]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cordylophoridae" genus="Cordylophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="inkermanica">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FF62FBC9FE5B2F73" box="[151,459,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cordylophora inkermanica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FE20FBC9FD172F73" author="Marfenin, N. N." box="[469,647,1124,1148]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1732 - 1734" refId="ref62314" refString="Marfenin, N. N. (1983) Novyi vid Cordylophora (Hydrozoa, Clavidae) iz Chernogo Morya. A new species of the genus Cordylophora (Hydrozoa, Clavidae) from the Black Sea. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 62, 1732 - 1734." type="journal article" year="1983">Marfenin, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the Black Sea was added to the the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD00EFF80FAEEFBC8FAE52F73" baseAuthorityName="Millard" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[1307,1397,1125,1148]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Pachycordyle" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="navis">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FAEEFBC8FAE52F73" box="[1307,1397,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. navis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FF62FB2AFECC2F90" author="Schuchert, P." box="[151,348,1159,1183]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="315 - 369" refId="ref65847" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315 - 369." type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert (2004)</bibRefCitation>
. Overviews of the taxonomy of this shallow-water species have been given by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FB29FB2AFA072F90" author="Schuchert, P." box="[1244,1431,1159,1183]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="315 - 369" refId="ref65847" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315 - 369." type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert (2004</bibRefCitation>
, 2007).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D00EFF80FF32FB62FEEE2E78" blockId="12.[151,1437,799,1940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FF32FB62FEF42FE8" author="Berrill, N. J." box="[199,356,1231,1255]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="289 - 295" refId="ref55391" refString="Berrill, N. J. (1948) The life cycle of Aselomaris michaeli, a new gymnoblastic hydroid. Biological Bulletin, 95, 289 - 295." type="journal article" year="1948">Berrill (1948)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD00EFF80FE10FB7DFD5D2FE7" baseAuthorityName="Berrill" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[485,717,1232,1256]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Aselomaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="michaeli">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FE10FB7DFD5D2FE7" box="[485,717,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aselomaris michaeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from material found throughout the Boothbay Harbor region,
<collectingRegion id="49A55B8AD00EFF80FF62FB59FF712E03" box="[151,225,1268,1292]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Maine</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D00EFF80FF19FB59FEB82E03" box="[236,296,1268,1292]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
. Spawning in the species appeared to be induced by light. Planulae were planktonic for about one day before settling to the bottom. By one day after settling, each planula metamorphosed into a hydranth with tentacles and with a bipolar stolon. Additional details of growth and form in this hydroid were described in a subsequent paper (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FF16FAF2FEE12E78" author="Berrill, N. J." box="[227,369,1375,1399]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref55421" refString="Berrill, N. J. (1949) Growth and form in gymnoblastic hydroids. I. Polymorphic development in Bougainvillia and Aselomaris. Journal of Morphology, 84, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1949">Berrill 1949</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D00EFF80FF32FA29FBB52D98" blockId="12.[151,1437,799,1940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD00EFF80FF32FA29FE5A2E93" baseAuthorityName="Berrill" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[199,458,1412,1436]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Pachycordyle" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="michaeli">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FF32FA29FE5A2E93" box="[199,458,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pachycordyle michaeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from brackish water environments in Europe, tolerating salinities down to about 8 ‰ (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FED1FA0AFE4D2EB0" author="Schuchert, P." box="[292,477,1447,1471]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="315 - 369" refId="ref65847" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315 - 369." type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Likewise, the species was observed in brackish waters (c. 1724 ‰) of the
<collectingRegion id="49A55B8AD00EFF80FA93FA0AFA0D2EB0" box="[1382,1437,1447,1471]" country="United Kingdom" name="York" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">York</collectingRegion>
River estuary,
<collectingRegion id="49A55B8AD00EFF80FEC8FA61FE0B2EEB" box="[317,411,1484,1508]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Virginia</collectingRegion>
, on the east coast of North America (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FCB9FA61FC4E2EEB" author="Calder, D. R." box="[844,990,1484,1508]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref56166" refString="Calder, D. R. (1971) Hydroids and hydromedusae of southern Chesapeake Bay. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Special Papers in Marine Science, 1, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1971">Calder 1971</bibRefCitation>
). Dense colonies were found there just beneath the surface of the water on floating objects. Hydroids were active from mid-October through early June at water temperatures ranging from 3.5° C to 20° C, and gonophores were observed from mid-November through early June. The species remained dormant during summer and early autumn. In the Baltic Sea, fertile colonies were observed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FED2F9F1FE252D7B" author="Thiel, H." box="[295,437,1628,1652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="227 - 260" refId="ref66870" refString="Thiel, H. (1962). Clavopsella quadranularia nov. spec. (Clavopsellidae nov. fam.), ein neuer Hydroidpolyp aus der Ostsee und seine phylogenetische Bedeutung. Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Okologie der Tiere, 51, 227 - 260." type="journal article" year="1962">Thiel (1962)</bibRefCitation>
in spring, and again from late summer to autumn. Gonophores were present on colonies at Tjärnö during early
<date id="FFDFB3A8D00EFF80FE67F9D2FDDC2D98" box="[402,588,1663,1687]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2010-09">September 2010</date>
, at water temperatures of about 1718° C.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D00EFF80FF32F909FEF22DD0" blockId="12.[151,1437,799,1940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
In addition to its occurrence in western
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D00EFF80FD7CF909FD742DB3" box="[649,740,1700,1724]" name="Sweden" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sweden</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD00EFF80FD04F908FCFD2DB3" baseAuthorityName="Berrill" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[753,877,1700,1724]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Pachycordyle" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="michaeli">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FD04F908FCFD2DB3" box="[753,877,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. michaeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from the Isefjord,
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D00EFF80FB46F909FA8B2DB3" box="[1203,1307,1700,1724]" name="Denmark" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Denmark</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FADFF909FF422DD0" author="Schuchert, P." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="315 - 369" refId="ref65847" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315 - 369." type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert 2004</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD00EFF80FF0EF964FEC22DD0" baseAuthorityName="Millard" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[251,338,1736,1760]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Pachycordyle" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="navis">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FF0EF964FEC22DD0" box="[251,338,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. navis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D00EFF80FF32F941FCED2C0B" blockId="12.[151,1437,799,1940]" box="[199,893,1771,1796]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FF32F941FE422C0B" bold="true" box="[199,466,1771,1796]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">Reported distribution.</emphasis>
West coast of
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D00EFF80FD83F941FD402C0B" box="[630,720,1772,1796]" name="Sweden" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sweden</collectingCountry>
.—New record.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D00EFF80FF30F8A2FE032C9B" blockId="12.[151,1437,799,1940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Elsewhere.—North Atlantic from
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D00EFF80FDB6F8A2FD3B2C28" box="[579,683,1807,1831]" name="Denmark" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Denmark</collectingCountry>
and the Baltic Sea to southern
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D00EFF80FBFDF8A2FBF52C28" box="[1032,1125,1807,1831]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">England</collectingCountry>
in Europe, and from Maine to Virginia in North America (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FE1BF899FDEC2C43" author="Berrill, N. J." box="[494,636,1844,1868]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="289 - 295" refId="ref55391" refString="Berrill, N. J. (1948) The life cycle of Aselomaris michaeli, a new gymnoblastic hydroid. Biological Bulletin, 95, 289 - 295." type="journal article" year="1948">Berrill 1948</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD00EFF80FD52F899FC1D2C43" baseAuthorityName="Berrill" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[679,909,1844,1868]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Aselomaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="michaeli">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FD52F899FC1D2C43" box="[679,909,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aselomaris michaeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FC69F899FBB92C43" author="Calder, D. R." box="[924,1065,1844,1868]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref56166" refString="Calder, D. R. (1971) Hydroids and hydromedusae of southern Chesapeake Bay. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Special Papers in Marine Science, 1, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1971">Calder 1971</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD00EFF80FBA0F899FB452C43" baseAuthorityName="Berrill" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[1109,1237,1844,1868]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Aselomaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="michaeli">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FBA0F899FB452C43" box="[1109,1237,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. michaeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FB10F899FA082C43" author="Schuchert, P." box="[1253,1432,1844,1868]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="315 - 369" refId="ref65847" refString="Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315 - 369." type="journal article" year="2004">Schuchert 2004</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD00EFF80FF41F8F5FE1F2C60" baseAuthorityName="Millard" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[180,399,1880,1904]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Pachycordyle" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="navis">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FF41F8F5FE1F2C60" box="[180,399,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pachycordyle navis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<collectingCountry id="F376D5F8D00EFF80FE53F8FAFDA52C60" box="[422,565,1879,1903]" name="South Africa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FDB1F8FAFD4B2C60" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[580,731,1879,1903]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="239 - 256" refId="ref62960" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1959) Hydrozoa from ship's hulls and experimental plates in Cape Town docks. Annals of the South African Museum, 45, 239 - 256." type="journal article" year="1959">Millard 1959</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FD10F8F4FC742C60" box="[741,996,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD00EFF80FCF0F8F5FC742C60" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1959" box="[773,996,1880,1904]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Rhizorhagium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="navis">Rhizorhagium navis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
); Black Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF0E899D00EFF80FB89F8FAFAB52C60" author="Marfenin, N. N." box="[1148,1317,1879,1903]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1732 - 1734" refId="ref62314" refString="Marfenin, N. N. (1983) Novyi vid Cordylophora (Hydrozoa, Clavidae) iz Chernogo Morya. A new species of the genus Cordylophora (Hydrozoa, Clavidae) from the Black Sea. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 62, 1732 - 1734." type="journal article" year="1983">Marfenin 1983</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD00EFF80FAB8F8F5FE122C9B" authorityName="Marfenin" authorityYear="1983" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cordylophoridae" genus="Cordylophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="inkermanica">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00EFF80FAB8F8F5FE122C9B" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cordylophora inkermanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1EC5E0D00FFF81FF62FC43FF7B2F2C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247730" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5247730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5247730/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[151,250,1006,1029]" targetBox="[463,1135,199,979]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D00FFF81FF62FC43FF7B2F2C" blockId="13.[151,1436,1006,1120]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00FFF81FF62FC43FE8E2F0A" bold="true" box="[151,286,1006,1029]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD00FFF81FED6FC43FD9A2F0B" baseAuthorityName="Berrill" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[291,522,1006,1028]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Pachycordyle" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="michaeli">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00FFF81FED6FC43FD9A2F0B" box="[291,522,1006,1028]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pachycordyle michaeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: part of colony with hydrocaulus, hydranth, and gonophores, ROMIZ B3891. Scale equals 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDE9568D00FFF81FF62FB86FF552F6F" blockId="13.[151,1436,1006,1120]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00FFF81FF62FB86FEB02F4D" bold="true" box="[151,288,1067,1090]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C61EEEBD00FFF81FEDDFB81FD982F4E" authorityName="M. Sars" authorityYear="1874" box="[296,520,1068,1090]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Rhizorhagium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="roseum">
<emphasis id="B915497AD00FFF81FEDDFB81FD982F4E" box="[296,520,1068,1090]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rhizorhagium roseum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: part of colony with stolon, hydrocaulus, and hydranth, ROMIZ B3909. Scale equals 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>