324 lines
37 KiB
XML
324 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="76D27F1C50BCA86F47E1FEB62DA11EDC" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.175492" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fdd621e5-2e7d-471a-be4c-abe5550499d3" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="175492" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459810602233" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ferguson, Douglas C. & Schmidt, Christian" docDate="2007" docId="038887F32528FF89FF23E8A8773EA13E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01405p049.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1405" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Grammia behrii Stretch" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FFB1FF8B252FFF80FFB4E83F7522A06C" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of the Grammia nevadensis species group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) with descriptions of`two new species" masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1698220984569" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9460BC1856CEE61EE147B9A23192ECDF">
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<mods:title id="D715DF8C246548608578026F030AF673">Taxonomic review of the Grammia nevadensis species group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) with descriptions of`two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="929183D11BEFBEEB0F1050ABBB3A9BC4" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4EFD87F72BB054FDBD15E6539FB146BB">Ferguson, Douglas C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2BDBAEDA5FC7C86C45C4F34EAEF7C4A4">Schmidt, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="251E2F76ECF573651BFABE7B66878E52">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="47A9267FC18740ED56A7E4AEEEF3105E">
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<mods:date id="39083456DA4950308FE9775606E2C27D">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="48EDA36741CC2E17BDD509CE1E28481A">1405</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038887F32528FF89FF23E8A8773EA13E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6249411" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119353864" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6249411" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038887F32528FF89FF23E8A8773EA13E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038887F32528FF89FF23E8A8773EA13E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection id="C33B656E2528FF87FF23E8A87461A0B8" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E36E52528FF87FF23E8A877A4A0DD" blockId="7.[151,646,151,212]" box="[151,646,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="D0D681892528FF87FF23E8A877A4A0DD" bold="true" box="[151,646,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF72528FF87FF23E8A877A4A0DD" bold="true" box="[151,646,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D662528FF87FF23E8A874EDA0DD" authority="Stretch" authorityName="Stretch" box="[151,463,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="behrii">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF72528FF87FF23E8A87478A0DD" bold="true" box="[151,346,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Grammia behrii</emphasis>
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(Stretch)
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</taxonomicName>
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, revised status
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E36E52528FF87FF23E8857461A0B8" blockId="7.[151,646,151,212]" box="[151,323,186,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131A2A602528FF87FF2BE88575CCA0B8" box="[159,238,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1047,1071]" captionTargetBox="[296,1291,397,1007]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[296,1292,397,1010]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adult males of the Grammia nevadensis species group, a) G. n. nevadensis (Winnemuca, Humboldt Co., NV); b) G. n. superba (Victoria, Vancouver Is., BC); c) G. n. geneura (Estes Park, Larimer Co., CO); d) G. n. gibsoni (Burstall dunes, SK); e) G. behrii (Eight Dollar Mtn., Josephine Co., OR); f) G. i n c o r r u p t a (Comanche Natl. Grassland, Baca Co., CO); g) G. williamsii (Jenner, AB); h) G. eureka (HOLOTYPE, Eureka, Juab Co., UT); i) G. bowmani (PARATYPE, Black Ridge, Mesa Co., CO)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175493/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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e, 2, 4)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B656E2528FF87FF23E93F711BA13B" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E36E52528FF87FF23E93F765DA15B" blockId="7.[151,1345,256,375]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D662528FF87FF23E93F7494A17B" authority="Stretch, 1872" authorityName="Stretch" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,438,256,279]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Arctia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="behrii">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF72528FF87FF23E93F743DA17B" box="[151,287,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Arctia behrii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B142528FF87FE91E93F7494A17B" author="Stretch" box="[293,438,256,279]" pageId="7" pageNumber="49" refString="Stretch, R. H. (1872 - 1874) Illustrations of the Zygaenidae & Bombycidae of North America. 242 pp., 10 plates." type="book" year="1872">Stretch, 1872</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D662528FF87FE74E93F771FA17B" ID-CoL="J35" box="[448,573,256,279]" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Zygaenidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D662528FF87FDC5E93F77DAA17B" ID-CoL="622GK" box="[625,760,256,279]" class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bombycidae</taxonomicName>
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of North
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<collectingCountry id="F33676752528FF87FCD4E93F769DA17B" box="[864,959,256,279]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">America</collectingCountry>
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, p. 75, pl. 13, figs 11, 12.
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<typeStatus id="549A88472528FF87FF23E91F75EEA15B" box="[151,204,288,311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Type</typeStatus>
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locality: “Downieville [Sierra County], California.” [
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<typeStatus id="549A88472528FF87FCB2E91F761CA15B" box="[774,830,288,311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Type</typeStatus>
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lost?]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E36E52528FF87FF23E97F711BA13B" blockId="7.[151,1345,256,375]" box="[151,1081,319,343]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D662528FF87FF23E97F74CDA13B" authority="French, 1889" authorityName="French" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,495,320,343]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Arctia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shastaensis">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF72528FF87FF23E97F747AA13B" box="[151,344,320,343]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Arctia shastaensis</emphasis>
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French, 1889
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</taxonomicName>
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. Canadian Entomologist 21: 35, 162.
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<emphasis id="B955EAF72528FF87FC33E900711BA13B" bold="true" box="[903,1081,319,343]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">New Synonomy</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B656E2528FF87FF23E95F7063A11B" box="[151,1345,352,375]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9E36E52528FF87FF23E95F7063A11B" blockId="7.[151,1345,256,375]" box="[151,1345,352,375]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
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<typeStatus id="549A88472528FF87FF23E95F75EEA11B" box="[151,204,352,375]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Type</typeStatus>
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locality: Upper Soda Springs, Siskiyou County, near Mt. Shasta [California]. [Location of
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<typeStatus id="549A88472528FF87FB23E95F71EDA11B" box="[1175,1231,352,375]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">types</typeStatus>
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unknown]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B656E2528FF87FF23E9A27453A781" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E36E52528FF87FF23E9A27785A373" blockId="7.[151,1438,413,799]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D662528FF87FF23E9A27474A1DA" box="[151,342,413,438]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="behrii">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF72528FF87FF23E9A27474A1DA" box="[151,342,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Grammia behrii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was essentially a “lost species” since the time of its original description in the sense that it was not recognized or accepted as a distinct taxon until now. Although it is one of the largest and most colourful of the western
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D662528FF87FEDEE9D274F8A26A" box="[362,474,493,518]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF72528FF87FEDEE9D274F8A26A" box="[362,474,493,518]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Grammia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species, it was relegated to the synonymy of
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D662528FF87FC5FE9D2714EA26A" box="[1003,1132,493,518]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF72528FF87FC5FE9D2714EA26A" box="[1003,1132,493,518]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">nevadensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by Stretch himself (1873: 238) only a year after he described it, when he concluded that he had been mistaken in thinking it different from
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D662528FF87FF6DEA027478A23A" box="[217,346,573,598]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF72528FF87FF6DEA027478A23A" box="[217,346,573,598]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">nevadensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. There it remained for more than 125 years. The name
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D662528FF87FC4CEA027065A23B" authority="(French, 1889a)" baseAuthorityName="French" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1016,1351,573,599]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Arctia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shastaensis">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF72528FF87FC4CEA02715CA23A" box="[1016,1150,573,598]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">shastaensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B142528FF87FB3AEA02701CA23B" author="French" box="[1166,1342,573,599]" pageId="7" pageNumber="49" refString="French, G. H. (1889 a) Notes on some California moths. Canadian Entomologist, 21, 35 - 36." type="journal article" year="1889" yearSuffix="a">French, 1889a</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, which was proposed for the same taxon, suffered a similar fate, except that it was mistakenly listed as a junior synonym of
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<emphasis id="B955EAF72528FF87FF4BEAB2744BA2CA" box="[255,361,653,678]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">G. o r n a t a</emphasis>
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, and it is here transferred to the synonymy of
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<emphasis id="B955EAF72528FF87FC30EAB276D3A2CA" box="[900,1009,653,678]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D662528FF87FC30EAB276CFA2CA" box="[900,1005,653,678]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="behrii">G. behrii</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The name
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D662528FF87FBC6EAB271D5A2CA" box="[1138,1271,653,678]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Arctia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shastaensis">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF72528FF87FBC6EAB271D5A2CA" box="[1138,1271,653,678]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">shastaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was inadvertently omitted in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B142528FF87FEE9EA8A77B3A2A3" author="Ferguson" box="[349,657,693,719]" pageId="7" pageNumber="49" refString="Ferguson, D. C. & Opler, P. A. (2006) Checklist of the Arctiidae (Lepidoptera: Insecta) of the continental United States and Canada. Zootaxa, 1299, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="2006">Ferguson & Opler (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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. The reason why
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D662528FF87FCD2EA8A768EA2A2" box="[870,940,693,718]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="behrii">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF72528FF87FCD2EA8A768EA2A2" box="[870,940,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">behrii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was misunderstood is simply that so few have been collected that such a species was not known to exist; also, western species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D662528FF87FB10EAE27037A29A" box="[1188,1301,733,758]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF72528FF87FB10EAE27037A29A" box="[1188,1301,733,758]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Grammia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have never been adequately or comprehensively studied.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5E666D2528FF87FF23EE377416A62E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175494/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[189,1386,850,1525]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="8B9E36E52528FF87FF23EE377416A62E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1544,1602]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B955EAF72528FF87FF23EE37743BA64C" bold="true" box="[151,281,1544,1568]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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Reproduction of illustration accompanying original description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D662528FF87FC5DEE377150A673" box="[1001,1138,1544,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Arctia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="behrii">
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||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72528FF87FC5DEE377150A673" box="[1001,1138,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Arctia behrii</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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male (Stretch 1872, pg. 75, plate 3 fig 12).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9E36E52528FF87FF72EEAC7453A781" blockId="7.[151,1437,1683,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
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||
Most specimens of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D662528FF87FE00EEAC773EA6C0" box="[436,540,1683,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Arctia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="behrii">
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||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72528FF87FE00EEAC773EA6C0" box="[436,540,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">G. behrii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are easily recognized by the very wide, complete antemedial band on the forewing, allblack thorax, intense, bright, wing colouring, and reduced black spots on the hindwing (
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<figureCitation id="131A2A602528FF87FA8DEE84705EA6B9" box="[1337,1404,1723,1749]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1047,1071]" captionTargetBox="[296,1291,397,1007]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[296,1292,397,1010]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adult males of the Grammia nevadensis species group, a) G. n. nevadensis (Winnemuca, Humboldt Co., NV); b) G. n. superba (Victoria, Vancouver Is., BC); c) G. n. geneura (Estes Park, Larimer Co., CO); d) G. n. gibsoni (Burstall dunes, SK); e) G. behrii (Eight Dollar Mtn., Josephine Co., OR); f) G. i n c o r r u p t a (Comanche Natl. Grassland, Baca Co., CO); g) G. williamsii (Jenner, AB); h) G. eureka (HOLOTYPE, Eureka, Juab Co., UT); i) G. bowmani (PARATYPE, Black Ridge, Mesa Co., CO)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175493/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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e). The forewing markings are ochre yellow on a nearly black background, and the hindwing is intense pinkishred or yellow. The nominate form occurs in northern California and western Oregon from about Point Reyes to Portland, but most specimens we examined are from southwestern Oregon, Trinity and Siskiyou counties, California, and the western foothills of the Sierras in the northern half of California. Remarkably few have been collected. Individuals from
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72528FF87FDAEEFBC775EA7F0" box="[538,636,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">G. b e h r i i</emphasis>
|
||
populations in Los Angeles, Kern, and Riverside counties in southern California are slightly smaller with less saturated colouration, but with much the same wing pattern and genitalic structure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B656E2527FF88FF72E8A8769FA616" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36E52527FF88FF72E8A87401A3BE" blockId="8.[151,1439,151,1458]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FF72E8A8745EA0DD" bold="true" box="[198,380,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
Head and thorax entirely dark brown, almost black (one male from Point Reyes has a hint of pale striping on the thorax). Male antennae dark brown, the branches with a tinge of yellowish; longest branches 4 to
|
||
<date id="FF9F10252527FF88FE8BE8D7746FA16E" box="[319,333,232,258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">5</date>
|
||
x longer than intersegmental (flagellomere) distance. Female antennae slightly biserrate, less so than in
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FEBAE92F7494A145" box="[270,438,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662527FF88FEBAE92F7490A145" box="[270,434,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">G. nevadensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Underside of body mostly blackish, except that vestiture of coxae and femora usually at least partly yellow; and legs also may be marked with yellow; abdomen above concolourous with hindwing ground colour, with middorsal and lateral segmental black spots, of which the dorsal ones may merge into a solid stripe; underside of abdomen black with transverse, segmental, yellowish bands. Anal tuft black or mixed black and yellowish. Forewing black, with the usual pattern of light bands typical of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662527FF88FAAFE98F70BEA1A5" box="[1307,1436,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FAAFE98F70BEA1A5" box="[1307,1436,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex, except that their colour is bright ochreous yellow, at least in fresh specimens; and the antemedial band may be exceptionally wide, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B002527FF88FDC0EA3F779CA276" box="[628,702,512,538]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The medial band may be missing or reduced to one or more small spots at or near the position of the discal spot in other moths. The antemedial, medial (if present) and postmedial bands commonly cross the postcubital to inner margin, but the basal band, as in most species, never does. Fringes blackish, yellow tipped. "Posterior wings rose, inclining to orange,” exactly as Stretch said, although a few (about 10% of those examined) have yellow hindwings that are nearly the same colour as the bands of the forewing. Black markings of hindwing nearly always reduced, commonly to just three spots near the outer margin plus a variable amount of narrow, irregular blackish border along outer margin, especially toward apex; spots of hindwing absent altogether in two examples before me (a male and female). Fringe of hindwing yellowish. Undersurfaces of wings as above but colours washed out, markings more diffuse, and with width of antemedial band further exaggerated. Wing markings similar among the sexes, with females exhibiting brighter, more saturated colours. Length of forewing: male,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B002527FF88FB8CEBAF7190A3C6" box="[1080,1202,912,938]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="17.0">1720 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FB0BEBAF71ECA3C5" box="[1215,1230,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 11); female,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B002527FF88FACBEBAF75E7A3BE" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FF61EB8775C6A3BD" box="[213,228,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36E52527FF88FF72EBE0774DA426" blockId="8.[151,1439,151,1458]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FF72EBE07455A395" bold="true" box="[198,375,991,1017]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A602527FF88FE33EBDF74ECA396" box="[391,462,992,1018]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 8" captionStartId="9.[151,269,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[212,1383,389,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[160,1441,377,1910]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 8. Male genitalia Grammia nevadensis group species; caudoventral aspect of genital capsule (a) and aedeagus with vesica everted, right lateral aspect. 3) G. nevadensis superba (Oliver, BC), 4) G. behrii (Kern Co., CA), 5) G. incorrupta (Pima Co., AZ), 6) G. williamsii (Jenner, AB), 7) G. eureka (PARATYPE, Eureka, UT), 8) G. bowmani (PARATYPE, Mesa Co., CO)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175495/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Basically of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662527FF88FD1DEBDF7608A395" box="[681,810,992,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FD1DEBDF7608A395" box="[681,810,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A88472527FF88FC85EBDF7641A396" box="[817,867,992,1018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
|
||
but differing from others of that group in having a somewhat more elongate vinculum and valve, and a broader juxta. The vesica is scobinate, with individual spinules larger than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662527FF88FE5CEC0F774AA425" box="[488,616,1072,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FE5CEC0F774AA425" box="[488,616,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36E52527FF88FF72EC68777AA41E" blockId="8.[151,1439,151,1458]" box="[198,600,1111,1138]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FF72EC6874B6A41D" bold="true" box="[198,404,1111,1137]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Not examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36E52527FF88FF72EC4075FEA5DE" blockId="8.[151,1439,151,1458]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FF72EC40742FA4F5" bold="true" box="[198,269,1151,1177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A88472527FF88FF72EC40742FA4F5" box="[198,269,1151,1177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Types</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A88472527FF88FEE8ECBF74ADA4F6" box="[348,399,1152,1178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662527FF88FDABECBF7747A4F5" box="[543,613,1152,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Arctia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="behrii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FDABECBF7747A4F5" box="[543,613,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">behrii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is apparently lost. There are no specimens among the only remaining Stretch
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A88472527FF88FF47EC977413A4AE" box="[243,305,1192,1218]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">types</typeStatus>
|
||
in the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. However, the original description and Stretch’s drawings of the male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A602527FF88FDBCECEF776FA486" box="[520,589,1232,1258]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1544,1568]" captionTargetBox="[189,1386,850,1525]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[173,1458,840,1534]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Reproduction of illustration accompanying original description of Arctia behrii male (Stretch 1872, pg. 75, plate 3 fig 12)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175494/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) and female are unmistakable. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A88472527FF88FC5AECEF7103A486" box="[1006,1057,1232,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material apparently consisted of two males and two females;
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A602527FF88FE45ECC77715A57E" box="[497,567,1272,1298]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1544,1568]" captionTargetBox="[189,1386,850,1525]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[173,1458,840,1534]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Reproduction of illustration accompanying original description of Arctia behrii male (Stretch 1872, pg. 75, plate 3 fig 12)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175494/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
is a reproduction of the male illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B142527FF88FBFFECC770BFA57E" author="Stretch" box="[1099,1437,1272,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" refString="Stretch, R. H. (1872 - 1874) Illustrations of the Zygaenidae & Bombycidae of North America. 242 pp., 10 plates." type="book" year="1872">Stretch (1872: pl. 3, fig. 12)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Downieville, California. There are no known existing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662527FF88FCE6ED1F76BAA555" box="[850,920,1312,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Arctia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="behrii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FCE6ED1F76BAA555" box="[850,920,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">behrii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A88472527FF88FC2BED1F76FFA556" box="[927,989,1312,1338]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">types</typeStatus>
|
||
from Stretch’s material, and to ensure the stability of the name and to avoid further confusion with other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662527FF88FC16ED777101A50D" box="[930,1059,1352,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Grammia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FC16ED777101A50D" box="[930,1059,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group species, a male specimen from the vicinity of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A88472527FF88FE19ED4F74C2A5E6" box="[429,480,1392,1418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality bearing the following labels is designated as
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FBE6ED507196A5E5" bold="true" box="[1106,1204,1391,1417]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A88472527FF88FBE6ED507196A5E5" box="[1106,1204,1391,1417]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and is deposited in CNC:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36E52527FF88FF73EDD774B3A646" blockId="8.[197,1437,1512,1658]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33676752527FF88FF65EDD77433A66E" box="[209,273,1512,1538]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, California, / Jackson Cr[eek]., Plumas Co[unty]. /
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1550222527FF88FCDBEDD776F3A66E" box="[879,977,1512,1538]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="39.833332">39 50’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1550222527FF88FC6CEDD7716CA66E" box="[984,1102,1512,1538]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" precision="925" value="-120.65">120 39’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 5400’ /
|
||
<date id="FF9F10252527FF88FB03EDD77051A66E" box="[1207,1395,1512,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" value="2000-08-28">28 August 2000</date>
|
||
/ J. Troubridge Leg.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36E52527FF88FF73EE0774E8A63E" blockId="8.[197,1437,1512,1658]" box="[199,458,1592,1618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">“Disctn. # / CS3241”</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36E52527FF88FF73EE5F769FA616" blockId="8.[197,1437,1512,1658]" box="[199,957,1632,1658]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
|
||
“
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A88472527FF88FF64EE5F747BA616" box="[208,345,1632,1658]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" type="neotype">NEOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662527FF88FEC4EE5F7724A615" box="[368,518,1632,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Arctia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="behrii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FEC4EE5F7724A615" box="[368,518,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Arctia behrii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B142527FF88FD90EE5F779BA616" author="Stretch" box="[548,697,1632,1658]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" refString="Stretch, R. H. (1872 - 1874) Illustrations of the Zygaenidae & Bombycidae of North America. 242 pp., 10 plates." type="book" year="1872">Stretch 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
/ B.C. Schmidt 2006”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B656E2527FF89FF72EE90773EA13E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36E52527FF89FF72EE907786A16E" blockId="8.[151,1437,1711,2018]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1438,151,338]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FF72EE907445A6A5" bold="true" box="[198,359,1711,1737]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D662527FF88FEC6EE8F7499A6A5" box="[370,443,1712,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Arctia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="behrii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FEC6EE8F7499A6A5" box="[370,443,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Behrii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs as two separate populations, one from northern CA to northwest OR and westcentral ID, the second population in Los Angeles, Kern, and Riverside counties, CA.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FB6FEEE8746FA775" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">California. San Francisco Co.:</emphasis>
|
||
A specimen from San Bruno Mountain, San Francisco appears to be this species.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FAA4EEC070BEA775" bold="true" box="[1296,1436,1791,1817]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Marin Co.:</emphasis>
|
||
Pt. Reyes Station (W.R. Bauer).
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FDBAEF1877B5A72D" bold="true" box="[526,663,1831,1857]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Sierra Co.:</emphasis>
|
||
Downieville (
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A88472527FF88FC8AEF1776A0A72E" box="[830,898,1832,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">types</typeStatus>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FC21EF18710FA72D" bold="true" box="[917,1069,1831,1857]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Plumas Co.:</emphasis>
|
||
Jackson Creek (J. Troubridge); Quincy,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B002527FF88FF4EEF6F7416A706" box="[250,308,1872,1898]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.437376" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" unit="mi" value="4.0">4 mi</quantity>
|
||
. WSW of Platina, 2700’ (D.F. Hardwick).
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FC9DEF70769FA705" bold="true" box="[809,957,1871,1897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Trinity Co.:</emphasis>
|
||
Norse Butte;
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B002527FF88FBD5EF6F71B9A706" box="[1121,1179,1872,1898]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.437376" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" unit="mi" value="4.0">4 mi</quantity>
|
||
. S Buckhorn Summit, 4550’; Hyampum; Ruth (R. Spaldoni).
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FDD3EF48762DA7FD" bold="true" box="[615,783,1911,1937]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Siskiyou Co.:</emphasis>
|
||
Hornbrook;
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B002527FF88FC1CEF4776C0A7FE" box="[936,994,1912,1938]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.828032" pageId="8" pageNumber="47" unit="mi" value="3.0">3 mi</quantity>
|
||
. NE of Mt. Shasta, 5300’.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FAABEF4870BEA7FD" bold="true" box="[1311,1436,1911,1937]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Lake Co.:</emphasis>
|
||
Clear Lake.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FE98EFA07721A7D5" bold="true" box="[300,515,1951,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Los Angeles Co.:</emphasis>
|
||
Mint Canyon; Lancaster; Juniper Hills, Mojave Desert (D.C. Henne); Portal Ridge.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF88FF5FEFF8744AA78D" bold="true" box="[235,360,1991,2017]" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Kern Co.:</emphasis>
|
||
Tehachapi; Lebec; Greenhorn Mtns., Oak Flat Lookout (J.P. & K.B.S. Donahue).
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72527FF89FA91EFF875EEA0DD" bold="true" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="8" pageNumber="47">Riverside Co.:</emphasis>
|
||
San Jacinto Mtns., W slope (D. Wikle).
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72526FF89FD09E8A876F8A0DD" bold="true" box="[701,986,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Oregon. Klamath Co.:</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B002526FF89FC50E8A7710DA0DE" box="[996,1071,152,178]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 mi</quantity>
|
||
. S Klamath Falls, reared from sweet clover (F.P.Larson).
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72526FF89FE79E88077BFA0B5" bold="true" box="[461,669,191,217]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Multnomah Co.:</emphasis>
|
||
Portland.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72526FF89FCA2E88076ECA0B5" bold="true" box="[790,974,191,217]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Josephine Co.:</emphasis>
|
||
Eight Dollar Mtn. Rd., (J. Troubridge).
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72526FF89FF23E8D8744CA16D" bold="true" box="[151,366,231,257]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Idaho. Boise Co.:</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B002526FF89FEC1E8D7749EA16E" box="[373,444,232,258]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0921472" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" unit="mi" value="13.0">13 mi</quantity>
|
||
. NE Garden Valley.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E36E52526FF89FF72E930773EA13E" blockId="9.[151,1438,151,338]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EAF72526FF89FF72E9307449A145" bold="true" box="[198,363,271,297]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">Flight Period</emphasis>
|
||
. Late August to late September, but single specimens as early as
|
||
<date id="FF9F10252526FF89FBD1E92F71F2A146" box="[1125,1232,272,298]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48">3 August</date>
|
||
(Trinity Co.) and as late as
|
||
<date id="FF9F10252526FF89FEBCE90774A8A13E" box="[264,394,312,338]" pageId="9" pageNumber="48" value="1910-10">10 October</date>
|
||
(Pt. Reyes).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |