159 lines
13 KiB
XML
159 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.3767/000651916X694445" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7570023" approvalRequired="65" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="64" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="1" checkinTime="1674677931544" checkinUser="juliana" docAuthor="Kamer 1, H. Maas-van de, Maas 1, P. J. M., Wieringa 1, J. J. & Specht, C. D." docDate="2016" docId="387687E2BB36FFFDFFCDFC12FA17FB34" docLanguage="en" docName="Blumea.61.280–318.pdf" docOrigin="Blumea 61 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651916x694445" docTitle="Costaceae" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="288" masterDocId="C44FFF9ABB3EFFF5FFBCFFF7FFD5FF9E" masterDocTitle="Monograph of African Costaceae" masterLastPageNumber="318" masterPageNumber="280" pageNumber="288" updateTime="1674740875445" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Monograph of African Costaceae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kamer 1, H. Maas-van de</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Maas 1, P. J. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wieringa 1, J. J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Specht, C. D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Blumea</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-12-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>61</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>280</mods:start>
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<mods:end>318</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651916x694445</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3767/000651916X694445</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7570023</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB36FFFDFFCDFC12FA17FB34" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/387687E2BB36FFFDFFCDFC12FA17FB34" lastPageNumber="288" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">
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<subSubSection box="[113,233,997,1020]" pageId="8" pageNumber="288" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[113,233,997,1020]" box="[113,233,997,1020]" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">
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<heading bold="true" box="[113,233,997,1020]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="288" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="8M7" ID-ENA="4630" baseAuthorityName="Specht" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[113,233,997,1020]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[113,233,997,1020]" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">Costaceae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[113,629,1053,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="288" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[113,629,1053,1077]" box="[113,629,1053,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">
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<taxonomicName authority="Nakai (1941)" authorityName="Nakai" authorityYear="1941" box="[113,372,1053,1077]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
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<emphasis box="[113,228,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">Costaceae</emphasis>
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Nakai (1941)
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</taxonomicName>
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203. —
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<typeStatus box="[462,518,1054,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">Type</typeStatus>
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:
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<taxonomicName authority="L., 1753" box="[528,603,1053,1076]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[528,603,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">Costus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="288" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[113,765,1099,2149]" lastBlockId="8.[824,1475,174,923]" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">
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The African
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nakai" authorityYear="1941" box="[239,354,1099,1122]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
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<emphasis box="[239,354,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">Costaceae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[368,494,1099,1122]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis box="[368,443,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">Costus</emphasis>
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spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Paracostus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="englerianus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">Paracostus englerianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) are perennial, rhizomatous herbs, terrestrial or epiphytic, rarely gigantic, tall (max.
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<quantity box="[374,416,1158,1181]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="288" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
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), low or acaulescent herbs; shoot erect or prostrate, unbranched, generally spirally shaped, composed of nodes and internodes; leaf sheaths, petioles and lig-ules originating at the nodes.
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<emphasis box="[419,496,1246,1269]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">Leaves</emphasis>
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1, or few to many, spirally arranged along the shoot; shootless species with few leaves ro-sulate; prostrate species with 1 leaf per shoot (
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<taxonomicName box="[588,706,1304,1327]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Paracostus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[588,706,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">Paracostus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); leaf sheaths fully closed around the shoot; ligule present or rarely absent, membranous to chartaceous, tubular at the base and truncate to 2-lobed at the apex; petiole present or sometimes absent; lamina generally green, sometimes shiny, or plicate, herbaceous to coriaceous, generally elliptic with acuminate apex and acute base, sometimes extreme base of leaf fleshy surrounding the inflorescence (
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<taxonomicName box="[453,573,1510,1533]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Paracostus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[453,573,1510,1533]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">Paracostus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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<emphasis box="[597,740,1510,1533]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">Inflorescence</emphasis>
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a many-, several- or few-flowered spike, either terminating a leafy shoot, or terminating a separate leafless shoot, or lateral in the axil of a leaf, sometimes partially enclosed by the overlapping margins of the bases of the leaf lamina and the uppermost 1–3 sheathing leaf bases (
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<taxonomicName box="[354,474,1656,1679]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Paracostus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[354,474,1656,1679]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">Paracostus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); inflorescence ellipsoid to ovoid or globose when terminating a leafy shoot, loosely arranged when axillary; bracts spirally arranged, each carrying 1 or 2 flowers, yellow, green, red or brownish, membranous, chartaceous or coriaceous, generally ovate to triangular or elliptic, imbricate, callus linear, nectariferous, absent or present; foliaceous appendages absent or present, generally coloured as the bracts, ascending, horizontally spreading, or reflexed, broadly ovate to narrowly triangular; each flower enclosed by 1 bracteole, generally coloured as the bracts, boat-shaped or tubular and 1-keeled or sometimes 2-keeled, callus absent or 1 or 2 calli present.
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<emphasis box="[313,397,1979,2002]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">Flowers</emphasis>
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epigynous, bisexual, zygomorphic; calyx generally coloured as the bracts, tubular, 3-lobed or rarely 2-lobed, lobes erect, horizontally spreading, or reflexed, cal-lus absent or present; corolla white, yellow, orange, pink, lilac or reddish brown, or a combination of these colours, tubular, 3-lobed, lobes erect, narrowly obovate to elliptic, rarely hyaline; labellum large, longer than or as long as the corolla, white, yellow, orange, pink, lilac, dark red, reddish brown, purple, or a combination of these colours, sometimes with darker lateral parts and/or striped upper margin and central yellow nectar guide, horizontally flattened, funnel-shaped or rarely tubular, narrowly elliptic, ovate, obovate or subcylindrical when spread out, rarely lateral margins curved upwards (
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<taxonomicName box="[1318,1459,348,371]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giganteus">
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<emphasis box="[1318,1459,348,371]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">C. giganteus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), margin undulate to crenate, sometimes fimbriate; stamen 1, petaloid, generally yellow or white, apex recurved or erect and cucullate (
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<taxonomicName box="[936,1074,435,458]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giganteus">
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<emphasis box="[936,1074,435,458]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">C. giganteus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), anther longitudinally centred, composed of 2 narrowly elliptic 2-sporangiate thecae; base of stamen and labellum joined into a tube; gynoecium composed of a single ovary with attached style and stigma; ovary inferior, 3-locular, placentation axile, ovules many, organized in 2 rows per locule, anatropous; septal nectaries 2 at the apex of the ovary secreting nectar into the base of the floral tube; style 1, filamentous, supported between the thecae of the anther; stigma 1, 2-lamellate, hooked between the apices of the thecae by a dorsal 2-lobed to rounded appendage. In
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Paracostus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="englerianus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">Paracostus englerianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the stigma is composed of a funnel-shaped upper part and a reflexed lamellate part, and the appendage is absent.
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<emphasis box="[824,872,784,807]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">Fruit</emphasis>
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capsular, 3-locular, placentation axile, generally obovoid, crowned by the persistent calyx, dehiscing loculicidally by three longitudinal slits, or indehiscent and irregularly breaking when old.
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<emphasis box="[867,934,871,894]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">Seeds</emphasis>
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numerous, black, shiny, irregularly angular reflecting tight packing in fruit; aril white, lacerate.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="288" type="key">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[824,1389,969,993]" box="[824,1389,969,993]" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[824,1389,969,993]" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">
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KEY TO THE AFRICAN GENERA OF
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nakai" authorityYear="1941" box="[1240,1389,969,992]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">COSTACEAE</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[824,1475,1025,1194]" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">
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1. Plants erect, leaves generally more than two, occasion-ally in a basal rosette; inflorescence many-flowered, bracts conspicuous and often brightly coloured........
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<taxonomicName box="[1399,1474,1083,1106]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1399,1474,1083,1106]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">Costus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[824,1475,1025,1194]" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">
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1. Plants prostrate, leaves solitary, never in a basal rosette; inflorescence few-flowered, bracts inconspicuous and not brightly coloured.......................
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<taxonomicName box="[1354,1474,1171,1194]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Paracostus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1354,1474,1171,1194]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="288">Paracostus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |