700 lines
57 KiB
XML
700 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.3767/000651916X694445" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7570023" approvalRequired="65" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="64" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="1" checkinTime="1674677931544" checkinUser="juliana" docAuthor="Kamer 1, H. Maas-van de, Maas 1, P. J. M., Wieringa 1, J. J. & Specht, C. D." docDate="2016" docId="387687E2BB34FFF8FC8BFB78FB70FE83" docLanguage="en" docName="Blumea.61.280–318.pdf" docOrigin="Blumea 61 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651916x694445" docTitle="Costus afer Ker Gawl." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="293" masterDocId="C44FFF9ABB3EFFF5FFBCFFF7FFD5FF9E" masterDocTitle="Monograph of African Costaceae" masterLastPageNumber="318" masterPageNumber="280" pageNumber="290" updateTime="1674740875445" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Monograph of African Costaceae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kamer 1, H. Maas-van de</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Maas 1, P. J. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wieringa 1, J. J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Specht, C. D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Blumea</mods:title>
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||
</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-12-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>61</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>280</mods:start>
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<mods:end>318</mods:end>
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||
</mods:extent>
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||
</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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||
<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651916x694445</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3767/000651916X694445</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7570023</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB34FFF8FC8BFB78FB70FE83" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/387687E2BB34FFF8FC8BFB78FB70FE83" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">
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||
<subSubSection box="[823,1299,1166,1190]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="10.[823,1299,1166,1190]" box="[823,1299,1166,1190]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[823,982,1166,1190]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">
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2.
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6B98N" ID-ENA="1543984" authority="Ker Gawl." authorityName="Ker Gawl." box="[850,1095,1166,1190]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afer">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[850,982,1166,1190]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Costus afer</emphasis>
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Ker Gawl.
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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—
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<figureCitation box="[1131,1221,1167,1190]" captionStart="Plate 1" captionStartId="12.[113,160,1907,1925]" captionTargetBox="[151,1441,176,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-11@12.[796,1439,598,1455]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Plate 1 a. Costus afer Ker Gawler. Flower. – b. Costus aureus Maas & H.Maas. Inflorescence.– c. Costus albiflos Maas & H.Maas. Inflorescence.– d. Costus dinklagei K.Schum. Habit and details. – e. Paracostus englerianus (K.Schum) C.D.Specht. Habit with flower. – f. Costus ligularis Baker. Inflorescence (a: Maas et al. 10023; b: photographed in Ghana,no specimen collected; c: Maas et al. 10411; d: N. Hallé 4129, drawing in his collecting book; e: photographed in Botanical gardens Utrecht, no specimen collected; f: Maas et al. 9794). — Photos: a, c, f: P.J.M.Maas; b: T.R.van Andel; d: C.D.Specht; e: L.Y.T.Westra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7570031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7570031/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Plate 1a</figureCitation>
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;
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||
<figureCitation box="[1232,1299,1167,1190]" captionStart="Map 3" captionStartId="13.[114,153,677,695]" captionTargetBox="[113,764,174,695]" captionTargetId="figure-1200@13.[91,896,422,446]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Map 3 Distribution of Costus afer Ker Gawl." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7570035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7570035/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Map 3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="290" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph blockId="10.[823,1476,1212,2152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">
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||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="CGE" collectorName="G. Don" country="Sierra Leone" location="Sierra Leone" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<taxonomicName authority="Ker Gawl. (1823)" authorityName="Ker Gawl." authorityYear="1823" box="[823,1077,1212,1230]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afer">
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<emphasis box="[823,924,1212,1230]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Costus afer</emphasis>
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Ker Gawl. (1823)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
t. 683; K.Schum. (1904) 392. —
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||
<typeStatus box="[1364,1410,1212,1230]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Type</typeStatus>
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||
:
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">
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||
A
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<specimenCount pageId="10" pageNumber="290" type="generic">specimen</specimenCount>
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||
from cultivated material in the greenhouses of the Horticultural Society at London (Chelsea) from material collected in
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<collectingCountry box="[1331,1446,1263,1281]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
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by
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<collectorName box="[838,900,1289,1307]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">G. Don</collectorName>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
(holo
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||
<collectionCode box="[955,1002,1289,1307]" collectionName="CGE" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">CGE</collectionCode>
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)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="291" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[823,1476,1212,2152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">
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<materialsCitation country="Tanzania" location="Zanzibar" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<taxonomicName authority="Bojer (1835)" authorityName="Bojer" authorityYear="1835" box="[823,1115,1314,1333]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarmentosus">
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<emphasis box="[823,1002,1314,1333]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Costus sarmentosus</emphasis>
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Bojer (1835)
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</taxonomicName>
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262, t. 8; K.Schum. (1904) 394, syn. nov. — Type (
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<typeStatus box="[915,996,1340,1358]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">lectotype</typeStatus>
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selected by Lock (1985: 7):
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<emphasis box="[1239,1410,1339,1358]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Bojer (1835) plate 8</emphasis>
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, drawn from a plant from
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<collectingCountry box="[993,1072,1366,1384]" name="Tanzania" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="Tanzania">
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||
<collectingRegion box="[993,1072,1366,1384]" country="Tanzania" name="Kaskazini Unguja" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Zanzibar</collectingRegion>
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</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="10.[823,1476,1212,2152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1870-03-01" collectionCode="K" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" location="Mruole" municipality="Mbrwole River" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Orientale" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<taxonomicName authority="K. Schum. (1892)" authorityName="K. Schum." authorityYear="1892" box="[823,1160,1391,1409]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trachyphyllus">
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<emphasis box="[823,1005,1391,1409]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Costus trachyphyllus</emphasis>
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K.Schum. (1892)
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</taxonomicName>
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420; (1904) 409, syn. nov. —
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<typeStatus box="[1426,1472,1391,1409]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Type</typeStatus>
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||
:
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<emphasis box="[838,1074,1417,1435]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Schweinfurth ser. III, n. 206</emphasis>
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(lecto
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<collectionCode box="[1131,1147,1417,1435]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">K</collectionCode>
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||
, selected by Lock (1984) 842),
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<collectingCountry name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo Kinshasa</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingRegion box="[929,1012,1442,1460]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Orientale" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Orientale</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1020,1145,1443,1461]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Mbrwole River" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Orientale">Mbrwole River</collectingMunicipality>
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||
(‘bei
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB34FFF8FC8BFB78FB70FE83:B500602FBB34FFFFFB14FA54FB31FA2B" box="[1192,1252,1443,1461]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" municipality="Mbrwole River" name="Mruole" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Orientale">Mruole</location>
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||
am Nabambisso’),
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||
<date pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="1870-03-01">
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<collectingDate pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="1870-03-01">1 Mar. 1870</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="10.[823,1476,1212,2152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="BR" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" location="Nyangwe" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nyangwe" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="De Wild. & T. Durand" authorityName="De Wild. & T. Durand" box="[823,1119,1494,1512]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="edulis">
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||
<emphasis box="[823,940,1494,1512]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Costus edulis</emphasis>
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||
De Wild.& T.Durand
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
in Durand & De Wildeman (1899) 141. —
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||
<typeStatus box="[838,883,1519,1537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Type</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
<emphasis box="[889,1013,1519,1537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Dewèvre 916a</emphasis>
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||
(holo
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||
<collectionCode box="[1064,1095,1519,1537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">BR</collectionCode>
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||
),
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||
<collectingCountry box="[1106,1251,1519,1537]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo Kinshasa</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion box="[1257,1341,1519,1537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Nyangwe</collectingRegion>
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,
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||
<collectingRegion box="[1347,1472,1519,1537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Mossungulore</collectingRegion>
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||
, anno 1896
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="10.[823,1476,1212,2152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="B" country="Ghana" location="Ghana" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="K. Schum. (1904)" authorityName="K. Schum." authorityYear="1904" box="[823,1138,1570,1589]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblitterans">
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<emphasis box="[823,982,1570,1589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Costus oblitterans</emphasis>
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K.Schum. (1904)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
393, syn. nov. —
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<typeStatus box="[1299,1383,1570,1588]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Unknown collector s.n.</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<collectionCode box="[961,975,1596,1614]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">B</collectionCode>
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||
destroyed),
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<collectingCountry box="[1086,1145,1596,1614]" name="Ghana" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="Ghana">Ghana</collectingCountry>
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(‘Goldcoast’), without location
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="B" country="Nigeria" location="Lagos" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lagos" typeStatus="syntype">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Millen s.n.</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<collectionCode box="[881,895,1622,1640]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">B</collectionCode>
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||
destroyed),
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||
<collectingCountry box="[1005,1071,1622,1640]" name="Nigeria" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="Nigeria">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion box="[1078,1135,1622,1640]" country="Nigeria" name="Lagos" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Lagos</collectingRegion>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="10.[823,1476,1212,2152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1900-02" collectionCode="B" country="Cameroon" location="Buea" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South-West Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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<taxonomicName authority="K. Schum. (1904)" authorityName="K. Schum." authorityYear="1904" box="[823,1105,1647,1665]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deistelii">
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||
<emphasis box="[823,955,1647,1665]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Costus deistelii</emphasis>
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||
K.Schum.(1904)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
393,syn. nov. —
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1259,1305,1647,1665]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis box="[1311,1409,1647,1665]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Deistel 498</emphasis>
|
||
(holo
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1461,1474,1647,1665]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">B</collectionCode>
|
||
destroyed),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[942,1037,1673,1691]" name="Cameroon" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1045,1234,1673,1691]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">South-West Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB34FFF8FC8BFB78FB70FE83:B500602FBB34FFFFFB65F97EFADFF905" box="[1241,1290,1673,1691]" country="Cameroon" name="Buea" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="South-West Province">Buea</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[1298,1390,1673,1691]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="1900-02">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1298,1390,1673,1691]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="1900-02">Feb. 1900</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[823,1476,1212,2152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1893-01-21" collectionCode="B, BM" country="Tanzania" elevation="900" location="Derema bis Magila" municipality="Usambara" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lushoto Distr" typeStatus="type">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="K. Schum. (1904)" authorityName="K. Schum." authorityYear="1904" box="[823,1127,1698,1717]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subbiflorus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[823,980,1698,1716]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Costus subbiflorus</emphasis>
|
||
K.Schum.(1904)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
394,syn.nov. —
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1275,1320,1699,1717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis box="[1326,1420,1699,1717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Volkens 50</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1428,1442,1699,1717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">B</collectionCode>
|
||
de-stroyed;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1893-01-21" collectionCode="B, BM" country="Tanzania" elevation="900" location="Derema bis Magila" municipality="Usambara" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lushoto Distr" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
lecto
|
||
<collectionCode box="[959,992,1724,1742]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">BM</collectionCode>
|
||
, designated here),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1155,1237,1724,1742]" name="Tanzania" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1244,1364,1724,1742]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Lushoto Distr</collectingRegion>
|
||
., ‘
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1375,1472,1724,1742]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Usambara</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, von
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB34FFF8FC8BFB78FB70FE83:B500602FBB34FFFFFCD0F921FBC5F976" box="[876,1040,1750,1768]" country="Tanzania" municipality="Usambara" name="Derema bis Magila" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Lushoto Distr">Derema bis Magila</location>
|
||
(‘Msassaberg’),
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB34FFF8FC8BFB78FB70FE83:B500602FBB34FFFFFB1FF921FC54F89F" country="Tanzania" municipality="Usambara" name="haufig im Urwald z. B. bei Punga Ninga'" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Lushoto Distr">häufig im Urwald z. B. bei Punga Ninga’</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[906,965,1775,1793]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="900.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[906,965,1775,1793]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[975,1094,1775,1793]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="1893-01-21">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[975,1094,1775,1793]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="1893-01-21">21 Jan. 1893</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1902-11" collectionCode="B" country="Tanzania" elevation="850" location="Amani" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Usambara'" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
other
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1155,1236,1775,1793]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis box="[1245,1342,1775,1793]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Engler 715</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1354,1368,1775,1793]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">B</collectionCode>
|
||
destroyed),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[838,920,1801,1819]" name="Tanzania" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, ‘
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[931,1032,1801,1819]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Usambara’</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB34FFF8FC8BFB78FB70FE83:B500602FBB34FFFFFBB3F8FEFB9FF885" box="[1039,1098,1801,1819]" country="Tanzania" name="Amani" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Usambara'">Amani</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[1107,1213,1801,1819]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="850.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="800.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[1107,1213,1801,1819]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="850.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="800.0">800–900 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[1222,1315,1801,1819]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="1902-11">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1222,1315,1801,1819]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="1902-11">Nov. 1902</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1896-01-19" collectionCode="B" country="Tanzania" location="Mt Lutindi between Kwa Mburaka and Kisula" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Usambara'" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1323,1448,1801,1819]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Buchwald 360</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1460,1474,1801,1819]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">B</collectionCode>
|
||
destroyed),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[942,1024,1826,1844]" name="Tanzania" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, ‘
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1034,1135,1826,1844]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Usambara’</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB34FFF8FC8BFB78FB70FE83:B500602FBB34FFFFFBCBF8D5FCAAF8D0" country="Tanzania" name="Mt Lutindi between Kwa Mburaka and Kisula" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Usambara'">Mt Lutindi between Kwa Mburaka and Kisula</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[904,1023,1852,1870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="1896-01-19">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[904,1023,1852,1870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="1896-01-19">19 Jan. 1896</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1900-03-15" collectionCode="B" country="Tanzania" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Usambara'" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1032,1140,1852,1870]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Liebusch 17</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1152,1166,1852,1870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">B</collectionCode>
|
||
destroyed),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1278,1360,1852,1870]" name="Tanzania" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, ‘
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1371,1472,1852,1870]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Usambara’</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[838,895,1878,1896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Tanga</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Pamota,
|
||
<quantity box="[982,1096,1878,1896]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="900.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="800.0">800–1000 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[1104,1223,1878,1896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="1900-03-15">15 Mar. 1900</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[823,1476,1212,2152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1870-02-20" collectionCode="B, K" country="South Sudan" location="Land der Niamniam am Nabambisso'" municipality="Ghasaquellengebiet" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="K. Schum. (1904)" authorityName="K. Schum." authorityYear="1904" box="[823,1143,1903,1921]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pterometra">
|
||
<emphasis box="[823,986,1903,1921]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Costus pterometra</emphasis>
|
||
K.Schum. (1904)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
394, syn. nov. —
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1305,1351,1903,1921]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Schweinfurth III-204</emphasis>
|
||
(holo
|
||
<collectionCode box="[945,958,1929,1947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">B</collectionCode>
|
||
destroyed;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1870-02-20" collectionCode="B, K" country="South Sudan" location="Land der Niamniam am Nabambisso'" municipality="Ghasaquellengebiet" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
lecto
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1103,1116,1929,1947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">K</collectionCode>
|
||
2 sheets,designated here),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1357,1472,1929,1947]" name="South Sudan" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="South Sudan">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, ‘
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[840,1021,1954,1972]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Ghasaquellengebiet</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB34FFF8FC8BFB78FB70FE83:B500602FBB34FFFFFBBFF855FA90F82A" box="[1027,1349,1954,1972]" country="South Sudan" municipality="Ghasaquellengebiet" name="Land der Niamniam am Nabambisso'" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Land der Niamniam am Nabambisso’</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[1355,1472,1954,1972]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="1870-02-20">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1355,1472,1954,1972]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="1870-02-20">20 Feb. 1870</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[823,1476,1212,2152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1894-03-15" collectionCode="B" country="Togo" elevation="496" location="Misahohe" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="K. Schum. (1904)" authorityName="K. Schum." authorityYear="1904" box="[823,1154,1980,1998]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anomocalyx">
|
||
<emphasis box="[823,997,1980,1998]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Costus anomocalyx</emphasis>
|
||
K.Schum. (1904)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
396, syn. nov. —
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1316,1362,1980,1998]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis box="[1371,1474,1980,1998]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Baumann 8</emphasis>
|
||
(holo
|
||
<collectionCode box="[887,900,2006,2024]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">B</collectionCode>
|
||
destroyed),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1010,1056,2006,2024]" name="Togo" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="Togo">Togo</collectingCountry>
|
||
, ‘
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB34FFF8FC8BFB78FB70FE83:B500602FBB34FFFFFB96F821FB50F876" box="[1066,1157,2006,2024]" country="Togo" name="Misahohe" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Misahöhe</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[1165,1219,2006,2024]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.96" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="496.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[1165,1219,2006,2024]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.96" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" unit="m" value="496.0">496 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
ü. M.’,
|
||
<date box="[1284,1402,2006,2024]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="1894-03-15">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1284,1402,2006,2024]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="1894-03-15">15 Mar. 1894</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[823,1476,1212,2152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="B" country="Cameroon" location="Gross-Batanga" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Province" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="K. Schum. (1904)" authorityName="K. Schum." authorityYear="1904" box="[823,1172,2031,2049]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megalobractea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[823,1020,2031,2049]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Costus megalobractea</emphasis>
|
||
K.Schum. (1904)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
407, syn. nov. —
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1326,1372,2031,2049]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Braun s.n., anno 1888</emphasis>
|
||
(holo
|
||
<collectionCode box="[980,993,2057,2075]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">B</collectionCode>
|
||
destroyed),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1098,1192,2057,2075]" name="Cameroon" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1198,1332,2057,2075]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">South Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB34FFF8FC8BFB78FB70FE83:B500602FBB34FFFFFA86F7FEFA15F785" box="[1338,1472,2057,2075]" country="Cameroon" name="Gross-Batanga" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="South Province">Gross-Batanga</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[823,1476,1212,2152]" lastBlockId="11.[113,765,1603,1724]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="291" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1905-03-19" collectionCode="P" country="Ivory Coast" location="Dabou" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bingerville region" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="A. Chev. (1920)" authorityName="A. Chev." authorityYear="1920" box="[823,1164,2082,2100]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bingervillensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[823,1020,2082,2100]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Costus bingervillensis</emphasis>
|
||
A.Chev. (1920)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
627, syn. nov. —
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1332,1379,2082,2100]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Chevalier 15214</emphasis>
|
||
(lecto
|
||
<collectionCode box="[952,965,2108,2126]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">P</collectionCode>
|
||
, designated here),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1132,1235,2108,2126]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1242,1396,2108,2126]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Bingerville region</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1403,1472,2108,2126]" country="Ivory Coast" name="Abidjan" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Abidjan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB34FFF8FC8BFB78FB70FE83:B500602FBB34FFFFFCFAF7A1FC56F7F6" box="[838,899,2134,2152]" country="Ivory Coast" name="Dabou" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" stateProvince="Bingerville region">Dabou</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[907,1026,2134,2152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="1905-03-19">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[907,1026,2134,2152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="1905-03-19">19 Mar. 1905</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1907-12-14" collectingDateMax="1907-12-18" collectingDateMin="1907-12-14" collectionCode="LY, P" country="Ivory Coast" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="291" location="Bingerville" municipality="Bingerville" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Abidjan" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
other
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1085,1166,2134,2152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis box="[1174,1318,2133,2152]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">Chevalier 17280</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1329,1354,2134,2152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">LY</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1362,1375,2134,2152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="290">P</collectionCode>
|
||
p.p.),
|
||
<collectingCountry lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="291" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="10" pageNumber="290" value="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[193,287,1603,1621]" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">Bingerville</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[296,455,1603,1621]" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" value="1907-12-14" valueMax="1907-12-18" valueMin="1907-12-14">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[296,455,1603,1621]" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" value="1907-12-14" valueMax="1907-12-18" valueMin="1907-12-14">14–18 Dec. 1907</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; the
|
||
<specimenCount box="[499,583,1603,1621]" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" type="generic">specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode box="[613,626,1603,1621]" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">P</collectionCode>
|
||
is a mixed col-lection of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Ker Gawl." box="[214,273,1629,1647]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afer">
|
||
<emphasis box="[214,273,1629,1647]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">C. afer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="J.Braun & K.Schum." box="[318,459,1629,1647]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucanusianus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[318,459,1629,1647]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">C. lucanusianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis box="[470,614,1629,1647]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">Chevalier 19883</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[627,643,1629,1647]" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">P</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1907-08-11" country="Ivory Coast" location="Bas-Cavally" municipality="Tabou" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[658,761,1629,1647]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" value="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[129,186,1654,1672]" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">Tabou</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, banks of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB34FFF8FC8BFB78FB70FE83:B500602FBB35FFFEFEADF981FEA9F916" box="[273,380,1654,1672]" country="Ivory Coast" municipality="Tabou" name="Bas-Cavally" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">Bas-Cavally</location>
|
||
, between
|
||
<locationDeviation box="[468,623,1654,1672]" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">Prolo and Bliéron</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[631,749,1654,1672]" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" value="1907-08-11">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[631,749,1654,1672]" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" value="1907-08-11">11 Aug. 1907</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7570029" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7570029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7570029/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" startId="11.[113,145,1452,1470]" targetBox="[330,1271,177,1429]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[113,1474,1452,1496]" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[113,165,1452,1470]" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">Fig. 3</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Maas & H. Maas." authorityName="Maas & H. Maas." box="[181,504,1452,1470]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutissimus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[181,351,1452,1470]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">Costus acutissimus</emphasis>
|
||
Maas & H.Maas.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a. Habit showing distinct horizontal rims on base of shoot; b. bulbil in leaf axil; c. leaves with ligule; d. bract with 2 bracteoles and 2 calyces (a, b, d:
|
||
<emphasis box="[425,668,1478,1496]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">Van Valkenburg et al. 2768,</emphasis>
|
||
BR; c:
|
||
<emphasis box="[732,907,1478,1496]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">Thomas et al. 7938,</emphasis>
|
||
MO). — Drawing by Hendrik Rypkema.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[113,765,1603,1724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1905-02-25" collectionCode="P" country="Guinea-Bissau" location="Iles de Los" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="A. Chev. (1920)" authorityName="A. Chev." authorityYear="1920" box="[113,389,1680,1698]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[113,252,1680,1698]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">Costus insularis</emphasis>
|
||
A.Chev. (1920)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
627, nom. nud. Based on
|
||
<emphasis box="[620,764,1680,1698]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">Chevalier 13058</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[135,151,1706,1724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">P</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[166,233,1705,1723]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" value="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:387687E2BB34FFF8FC8BFB78FB70FE83:B500602FBB35FFFEFF4CF95DFE86F922" box="[240,339,1706,1724]" country="Guinea-Bissau" name="Iles de Los" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">Iles de Los</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[347,466,1706,1724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" value="1905-02-25">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[347,466,1706,1724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" value="1905-02-25">25 Feb. 1905</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[113,765,1747,2151]" lastBlockId="13.[113,765,784,1247]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">
|
||
Terrestrial herb, erect but in fruit sometimes individual shoots bending down, 0.5–4(–5) m tall.
|
||
<emphasis box="[467,544,1776,1799]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
many; sheaths 0.8– 1(–1.5) cm diam; ligule chartaceous, 2-lobed to truncate, (2–)
|
||
<quantity box="[157,261,1835,1858]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="4.0">4–11 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, with a basal horizontal rim c.
|
||
<quantity box="[643,704,1835,1858]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, not completely encircling the shoot, sometimes bearing erect hairs to c.
|
||
<quantity box="[228,290,1894,1917]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; petiole
|
||
<quantity box="[437,540,1894,1917]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="5.0">5–14 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; sheaths, ligule and petiole glabrous to densely covered with erect to halfappressed white hairs <
|
||
<quantity box="[373,433,1952,1975]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; lamina narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, 7–25(–40) by (3–)4–10(–19) cm, upper side glabrous, lower side glabrous to rarely midrib densely covered with erect to half-appressed white hairs
|
||
<quantity box="[536,625,2040,2063]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, margin often with a row of hairs <
|
||
<quantity box="[398,458,2070,2093]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, base cordate to acute, apex acuminate (acumen
|
||
<quantity box="[408,532,2099,2122]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="15.0">15–30 mm</quantity>
|
||
long).
|
||
<emphasis box="[616,763,2099,2122]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">Inflorescence</emphasis>
|
||
many-flowered, globose to ellipsoid, (2.5–)4–14(–20) by 2.5–6(–8) cm, terminating the leafy shoot or rarely terminating a separate leafless shoot
|
||
<quantity box="[1093,1201,1632,1655]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" unit="cm" value="20.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="10.0">10–30 cm</quantity>
|
||
long; bracts, appendages of bracts, bracteoles and calyx glabrous, sometimes sparsely to rather densely covered with erect hairs <
|
||
<quantity box="[1288,1348,1690,1713]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, upper part of capsule densely covered with erect hairs <
|
||
<quantity box="[1356,1416,1720,1743]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
<emphasis box="[824,907,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="291">Flowers</emphasis>
|
||
(1 or)2 per bract; bracts (pale) green often with reddish upper margin, coriaceous, ovate-triangular to depressed ovatetriangular, 2–3 by
|
||
<quantity box="[1013,1118,1808,1831]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" unit="cm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2–2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
, callus
|
||
<quantity box="[1192,1281,1808,1831]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; appendages rarely present, green, horizontally spreading to reflexed, nar-rowly triangular, 4–10 by
|
||
<quantity box="[1104,1213,1866,1889]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" unit="cm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3 cm</quantity>
|
||
; bracteole boat-shaped,
|
||
<quantity box="[824,943,1896,1919]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="14.0">14–25 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, callus
|
||
<quantity box="[1079,1169,1896,1919]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; calyx 12–19(–22) mm long, lobes broadly ovate-triangular, (2–)
|
||
<quantity box="[1259,1354,1925,1948]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, erect and sometimes exceeding the bracts in fruit, callus
|
||
<quantity box="[1383,1474,1954,1977]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; corolla white to yellowish,
|
||
<quantity box="[1180,1302,1984,2007]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="30.0">30–45 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, glabrous, tube
|
||
<quantity box="[877,979,2013,2036]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, lobes (narrowly) elliptic,
|
||
<quantity box="[1298,1416,2013,2036]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="20.0">20–40 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; labellum at the outer side white, inner side white with (pale to dark) pink lateral marginal parts and yellow nectar guide, sometimes completely white with or without yellow nectar guide, funnel-shaped, broadly obovate when spread out, 30–45 by
|
||
<quantity box="[113,233,784,807]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" unit="mm" value="42.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="35.0">35–50 mm</quantity>
|
||
, margin crenulate; stamen white, 25–40 by
|
||
<quantity box="[685,760,784,807]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
, apex white, anther
|
||
<quantity box="[314,404,814,837]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="6.0">6–9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
<emphasis box="[468,556,813,836]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">Capsule</emphasis>
|
||
broadly obovoid, to 15(–20) mm diam.
|
||
<emphasis box="[319,387,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity box="[393,482,843,866]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
diam.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7570031" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7570031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7570031/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="292" startId="12.[113,160,1907,1925]" targetBox="[151,1441,176,1892]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[113,1474,1907,2002]" pageId="12" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[113,176,1907,1925]" pageId="12" pageNumber="292">Plate 1</emphasis>
|
||
a.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Ker Gawler. Flower." authorityName="Ker Gawler. Flower." box="[213,489,1907,1925]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="12" pageNumber="292" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afer">
|
||
<emphasis box="[213,313,1907,1925]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="292">Costus afer</emphasis>
|
||
Ker Gawler. Flower.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– b.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Maas & H. Maas. Inflorescence." authorityName="Maas & H. Maas. Inflorescence." box="[528,932,1907,1925]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="12" pageNumber="292" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aureus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[528,654,1907,1925]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="292">Costus aureus</emphasis>
|
||
Maas & H.Maas. Inflorescence.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– c.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Maas & H. Maas. Inflorescence." authorityName="Maas & H. Maas. Inflorescence." box="[969,1374,1907,1925]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="12" pageNumber="292" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albiflos">
|
||
<emphasis box="[969,1096,1907,1925]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="292">Costus albiflos</emphasis>
|
||
Maas & H.Maas. Inflorescence.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– d.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="K. Schum. Habit" authorityName="K. Schum. Habit" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="12" pageNumber="292" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dinklagei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="292">Costus dinklagei</emphasis>
|
||
K.Schum. Habit
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and details. – e.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(K. Schum) C. D. Specht. Habit" authorityName="C. D. Specht. Habit" baseAuthorityName="K. Schum" box="[506,989,1932,1950]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Paracostus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="12" pageNumber="292" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="englerianus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[506,717,1932,1950]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="292">Paracostus englerianus</emphasis>
|
||
(K.Schum) C.D.Specht. Habit
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with flower. – f.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Baker. Inflorescence" authorityName="Baker. Inflorescence" box="[1145,1474,1932,1950]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="12" pageNumber="292" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ligularis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1145,1283,1932,1950]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="292">Costus ligularis</emphasis>
|
||
Baker. Inflorescence
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a:
|
||
<emphasis box="[141,294,1958,1976]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="292">Maas et al. 10023</emphasis>
|
||
; b: photographed in Ghana,no specimen collected; c:
|
||
<emphasis box="[761,912,1958,1976]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="292">Maas et al. 10411</emphasis>
|
||
; d:
|
||
<emphasis box="[943,1060,1958,1976]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="292">N. Hallé 4129</emphasis>
|
||
, drawing in his collecting book; e: photographed in Botanical gardens Utrecht, no specimen collected; f:
|
||
<emphasis box="[595,741,1984,2002]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="292">Maas et al. 9794</emphasis>
|
||
). — Photos: a, c, f: P.J.M.Maas; b: T.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Andel" authorityName="Andel" box="[1065,1174,1984,2002]" pageId="12" pageNumber="292" rank="species" species="van">R.van Andel</taxonomicName>
|
||
; d: C.D.Specht; e: L.Y.T.Westra.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7570035" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7570035" box="[114,508,677,695]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7570035/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" startId="13.[114,153,677,695]" targetBox="[113,764,174,695]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[114,508,677,695]" box="[114,508,677,695]" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[114,170,677,695]" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">Map 3</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Ker Gawl." authorityName="Ker Gawl." box="[313,508,677,695]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afer">
|
||
<emphasis box="[313,414,677,695]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">Costus afer</emphasis>
|
||
Ker Gawl.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="293" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[113,765,784,1247]" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">Distribution — North East Africa (Ethiopia, South Sudan); West Africa (Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Guinea, GuineaBissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo); Central Africa (Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo Brazzaville, Congo Kinshasa, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, São Tomé & Principe); East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda); Southern Tropical Africa (Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="293" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[113,765,784,1247]" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">
|
||
Habitat & Ecology — In open places like roadsides and forest margins, in secondary or savanna forest, often on wet places, near rivers; on sandy soil and on rocky outcrops, at elevations of
|
||
<quantity box="[140,252,1195,1218]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.85" metricValueMax="17.7" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" unit="m" value="885.0" valueMax="1770.0" valueMin="0.0">0–1770 m</quantity>
|
||
. Flowering and fruiting: all year through.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[144,626,1224,1247]" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[113,765,784,1247]" box="[144,626,1224,1247]" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">IUCN Conservation Status — Least Concern.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="293" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[113,764,1269,2154]" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">
|
||
Notes —
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[244,365,1269,1292]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afer">
|
||
<emphasis box="[244,365,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">Costus afer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by an incomplete horizontal rim around the nodes of the shoot which is covered with only some erect hairs to c.
|
||
<quantity box="[401,461,1328,1351]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, a
|
||
<quantity box="[547,648,1328,1351]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="4.0">4–11 mm</quantity>
|
||
long ligule and erect calyx lobes that are sometimes exceeding the bracts in fruit. The corolla is white, the labellum is white with yellow nectar guide and reddish margins and the stamen is white with reddish apical part.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[113,234,1483,1506]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afer">
|
||
<emphasis box="[113,234,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">Costus afer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has often been confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[552,653,1483,1506]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dubius">
|
||
<emphasis box="[552,653,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">C. dubius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both species sharing green, unappendaged bracts and more or less white flowers, but
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[311,384,1541,1564]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afer">
|
||
<emphasis box="[311,384,1541,1564]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">C. afer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is generally characterized by inflo-rescences terminating leafy shoots and flowers with a white labellum that has a yellow nectar guide and pink margins, while
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[172,271,1629,1652]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dubius">
|
||
<emphasis box="[172,271,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">C. dubius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
generally has inflorescences on short, separate leafless shoots near the base of the plant and white flowers with a labellum bearing a yellow nectar guide but lacking pink margins. The bracts of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[357,429,1717,1740]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afer">
|
||
<emphasis box="[357,429,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">C. afer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are 1- or 2-flowered and sometimes appendaged, those of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[419,521,1746,1770]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dubius">
|
||
<emphasis box="[419,521,1746,1770]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">C. dubius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are always 1-flowered and generally not appendaged. For the differences with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[365,535,1813,1836]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucanusianus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[365,535,1813,1836]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">C. lucanusianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species with which it has been sometimes confused, see under that species. For the differences with the similar looking
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Maas & Maas. Inflorescence" authorityYear="2016" box="[557,646,1880,1903]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="louisii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[557,646,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">C. louisii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see under that species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[113,764,1269,2154]" lastBlockId="13.[824,1474,174,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">
|
||
The inflorescence of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[339,412,1946,1970]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afer">
|
||
<emphasis box="[339,412,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">C. afer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can terminate a leafy or leafless shoot as is known in many species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[502,577,1976,1999]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[502,577,1976,1999]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">Costus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; moreover, plants with 1- and/or 2-flowered bracts can be found all over the distribution area (
|
||
<emphasis box="[268,459,2035,2058]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">Maas et al. 10023</emphasis>
|
||
). The flower colour of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[331,403,2072,2095]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="13" pageNumber="293" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afer">
|
||
<emphasis box="[331,403,2072,2095]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="293">C. afer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is often (incorrectly) described on the collection label as ‘white’. This was the case in about 1/4 of the dried specimens included in this study. Indeed the corolla and the outer side of the labellum are white, but the inner side of the labellum is not completely white, but always has more or less reddish margins and a yellow nectar guide. The apical part of the stamen is white to pink.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |