treatments-xml/data/B0/71/87/B07187DFA865FFE6FCFEFABE9BFEF994.xml

<document id="6B63F8FFDAB3C794962440E6C7C879DB" ID-CLB-Dataset="153629" ID-DOI="10.18590/euscorpius.2016.vol2016.iss220.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="03196918-10d5-44d2-ab42-d38f88314c7b" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7124466" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1638249082081" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Ranawana, Kithsiri B., Hoferek, David &amp; Š, V. A." docDate="2016" docId="B07187DFA865FFE6FCFEFABE9BFEF994" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.220.1-133.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 220" docSource="https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2016.vol2016.iss220.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Buthidae C. L. Koch 1837" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="117" masterDocId="4C48FFA7A817FF90FFC0FFD79E62FFBD" masterDocTitle="Scorpions of Sri Lanka (Scorpiones Buthidae, Chaerilidae, Scorpionidae) with description of four new species of the genera Charmus Karsch, 1879 and Reddyanus Vachon, 1972, stat n" masterLastPageNumber="133" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="113" updateTime="1699471154095" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="7F5317C023791B359C08F6A07568CD76">Scorpions of Sri Lanka (Scorpiones Buthidae, Chaerilidae, Scorpionidae) with description of four new species of the genera Charmus Karsch, 1879 and Reddyanus Vachon, 1972, stat n</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B9BA5E64E2F1FF4885AA0EF5412C36CE">Kovařík, František</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D21E83647C39ACE7FC081D5826637143">Lowe, Graeme</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="526D31C726A3885E6CF8F7E8034CE763">Ranawana, Kithsiri B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="971F2A6DC4A59229F0F06F4EA912BB7D">Hoferek, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="36899FF2DE92D9E006A522167F7AEFFE">Š, V. A.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="386736C9A865FFE2FCFEFABE9B4CFA3B" blockId="114.[830,1326,1385,1414]" box="[830,1326,1385,1414]" pageId="114" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA865FFE2FCFEFABE9B4CFA3B" bold="true" box="[830,1326,1385,1414]" pageId="114" pageNumber="113">
Hemispermatophores of the 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA865FFE2FB03FABE9B4CFA3B" ID-CoL="7GY" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[1219,1326,1385,1414]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="114" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buthids</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="386736C9A865FFE4FCAEFA7B9FDBFA17" blockId="114.[830,1441,1452,1905]" lastBlockId="116.[192,803,937,1910]" lastPageId="116" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="114" pageNumber="113">
We obtained new data on hemispermatophore morphologies of a variety of Old World buthids from 
<collectingCountry id="40CF7659A865FFE2FA41FA1C9DE6F9BC" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="114" pageNumber="113">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
, that have not previously been described. Our findings may be significant in the context of the larger problem of defining monophyletic genera in the family and understanding relationships of major lineages of buthids. A preliminary buthid phylogeny was derived by Fet et. al. (2005) from the cladistic analysis of certain trichobothrial characters. They proposed a major family subdivision based on whether patella trichobothrium 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA865FFE2FA4AF9179BF5F96A" box="[1418,1431,1728,1751]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="113">d</emphasis>
<subScript id="A45C348CA865FFE2FA57F91D9BC2F964" attach="left" box="[1431,1440,1738,1753]" fontSize="6" pageId="114" pageNumber="113">3</subScript>
is positioned internal to the dorsomedian carina, which defined the ' 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA865FFE2FC03F9299A6FF8A8" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[963,1037,1790,1813]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="114" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA865FFE2FC03F9299A6FF8A8" box="[963,1037,1790,1813]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="113">Buthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
' group, or external to it, which is the character state for the remaining five 'non- 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA865FFE2FA91F8CB9BF9F88E" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1361,1435,1820,1843]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="114" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA865FFE2FA91F8CB9BF9F88E" box="[1361,1435,1820,1843]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="113">Buthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
' groups. Hemispermatophores of ' 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA865FFE2FB73F8EC9A9FF8EF" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1203,1277,1851,1874]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="114" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA865FFE2FB73F8EC9A9FF8EF" box="[1203,1277,1851,1874]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="113">Buthus</emphasis>
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' group genera have been relatively well described, including for the genera 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FED0FC7E9FFAFC7D" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[272,408,937,960]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Androctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FED0FC7E9FFAFC7D" box="[272,408,937,960]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Androctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FE67FC7E9C50FC7D" authorityName="Finnegan" authorityYear="1932" box="[423,562,937,960]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Apistobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FE67FC7E9C50FC7D" box="[423,562,937,960]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Apistobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FD81FC7E9CC6FC7D" authorityName="Birula" authorityYear="1908" box="[577,676,937,960]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthacus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FD81FC7E9CC6FC7D" box="[577,676,937,960]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Buthacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FD73FC7E9D79FC7D" authorityName="Birula" authorityYear="1905" box="[691,795,937,960]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FD73FC7E9D79FC7D" box="[691,795,937,960]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Buthiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FF00FC109F68FC63" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[192,266,967,990]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FF00FC109F68FC63" box="[192,266,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Buthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FEE2FC109F1BFC63" authorityName="Vachon" authorityYear="1948" box="[290,377,967,990]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Cicileus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FEE2FC109F1BFC63" box="[290,377,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Cicileus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FE52FC109C52FC63" authorityName="Vachon" authorityYear="1949" box="[402,560,967,990]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Compsobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FE52FC109C52FC63" box="[402,560,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Compsobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FD88FC109CB1FC63" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2010" box="[584,723,967,990]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Femtobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FD88FC109CB1FC63" box="[584,723,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Femtobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FD2CFC109D79FC63" authorityName="Kovarik, Lowe, Pliskova &amp; Stahlavsky" authorityYear="2013" box="[748,795,967,990]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Gint" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FD2CFC109D79FC63" box="[748,795,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Gint</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FF00FC319F58FC40" authorityName=": Fet &amp; Lowe" authorityYear="2000" box="[192,314,998,1021]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Hottentotta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FF00FC319F58FC40" box="[192,314,998,1021]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Hottentotta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FE93FC319FC6FC40" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[339,420,998,1021]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Leiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FE93FC319FC6FC40" box="[339,420,998,1021]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Leiurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FE7FFC319C46FC40" authorityName="Vachon" authorityYear="1948" box="[447,548,998,1021]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Lissothus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FE7FFC319C46FC40" box="[447,548,998,1021]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Lissothus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FDFDFC319CDCFC40" authorityName="Vachon" authorityYear="1950" box="[573,702,998,1021]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Mesobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FDFDFC319CDCFC40" box="[573,702,998,1021]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Mesobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FD18FC319F65FBA1" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Microbuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FD18FC319F65FBA1" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Microbuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FEDDFBD29FEDFBA1" authorityName="Hirst" authorityYear="1911" box="[285,399,1029,1052]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Neobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FEDDFBD29FEDFBA1" box="[285,399,1029,1052]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Neobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FE64FBD29C59FBA1" authorityName="Vachon" authorityYear="1950" box="[420,571,1029,1052]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Odontobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FE64FBD29C59FBA1" box="[420,571,1029,1052]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Odontobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FD90FBD29CB0FBA1" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1892" box="[592,722,1029,1052]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Orthochirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FD90FBD29CB0FBA1" box="[592,722,1029,1052]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Orthochirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FD28FBD29F65FB87" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2010" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Picobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FD28FBD29F65FB87" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Picobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FE96FBF49FB9FB87" authorityName="Levy, Amitai &amp; Shulov" authorityYear="1973" box="[342,475,1059,1082]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Vachoniolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FE96FBF49FB9FB87" box="[342,475,1059,1082]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Vachoniolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FE37FBF49D78FB87" author="Kovarik &amp; Lowe" box="[503,794,1059,1082]" firstAuthor="Kovarik" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 25" part="138" refId="ref41872" refString="KOVARIK, F. &amp; G. LOWE. 2012. Review of the genus Neobuthus Hirst, 1911 with description of a new species from Ethiopia (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Euscorpius, 138: 1 - 25." title="Review of the genus Neobuthus Hirst, 1911 with description of a new species from Ethiopia (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="2012">Kovařík &amp; Lowe, 2012</bibRefCitation>
; Kovařík, Lowe et. al., 2013; Levy &amp; Amitai, 1980; 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FF00FBB69F21FBC5" author="Lowe" box="[192,323,1121,1144]" firstAuthor="Lowe" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 13" part="90" refId="ref43138" refString="LOWE, G. 2009. A new lithophilic Compsobuthus Vachon, 1949 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from northern Oman. Euscorpius, 90: 1 - 13." title="A new lithophilic Compsobuthus Vachon, 1949 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from northern Oman" type="journal article" year="2009">Lowe, 2009</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FE95FBB69FFAFBC5" author="Lowe" box="[341,408,1121,1144]" firstAuthor="Lowe" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 53" part="93" refId="ref43168" refString="LOWE, G. 2010 a. New picobuthoid scorpions (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Oman. Euscorpius, 93: 1 - 53." title="New picobuthoid scorpions (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Oman" type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="a">2010a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FE67FBB69F88FBC5" author="Lowe" box="[423,490,1121,1144]" firstAuthor="Lowe" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 22" part="96" refId="ref43194" refString="LOWE, G. 2010 b. A new species of Odontobuthus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from northern Oman. Euscorpius, 96: 1 - 22." title="A new species of Odontobuthus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from northern Oman" type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="b">2010b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FE3BFBB69C5CFBC5" author="Lowe" box="[507,574,1121,1144]" firstAuthor="Lowe" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 37" part="100" refId="ref43223" refString="LOWE, G. 2010 c. The genus Vachoniolus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in Oman. Euscorpius, 100: 1 - 37." title="The genus Vachoniolus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in Oman" type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="c">2010c</bibRefCitation>
; Lowe et. al., 2014; 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FF00FBA89FB7FB2B" author="Navidpour &amp; Lowe" box="[192,469,1151,1174]" firstAuthor="Navidpour" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arachnology" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="45 - 59" part="37" refId="ref43552" refString="NAVIDPOUR, S. &amp; G. LOWE. 2009. Revisited diagnosis and redescription of Apistobuthus susanae (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Journal of Arachnology, 37 (1): 45 - 59." title="Revisited diagnosis and redescription of Apistobuthus susanae (Scorpiones, Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="2009">Navidpour &amp; Lowe, 2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FE24FBA89CE5FB2B" author="Vachon" box="[484,647,1151,1174]" firstAuthor="Vachon" journalOrPublisher="Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Algerie" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="172 - 177" part="30" refId="ref44827" refString="VACHON, M. 1952 a. Complements a la description du petit scorpion Mauritanien Lissothus occidentalis Vachon, 1950 famille des Buthidae E. Simon. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, 30 (2): 172 - 177." title="Complements a la description du petit scorpion Mauritanien Lissothus occidentalis Vachon, 1950 famille des Buthidae E. Simon" type="journal article" year="1952" yearSuffix="a">Vachon, 1952a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FD54FBA89CBBFB2B" author="Vachon" box="[660,729,1151,1174]" firstAuthor="Vachon" journalOrPublisher="Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, Alger" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 482" refId="ref44869" refString="VACHON, M. 1952 b. Etudes sur les scorpions. Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, Alger, 1 - 482. (published 1948 - 1951 in Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, 1948, 26: 25 - 90, 162 - 208, 288 - 316, 441 - 481. 1949, 27: 66 - 100, 134 - 169, 281 - 288, 334 - 396. 1950, 28: 152 - 216, 383 - 413. 1951, 29: 46 - 104)." title="Etudes sur les scorpions" type="book" year="1952" yearSuffix="b">1952b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FD25FBA89D78FB2B" author="Vachon" box="[741,794,1151,1174]" firstAuthor="Vachon" journalOrPublisher="Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="121 - 187" part="120" refId="ref44964" refString="VACHON, M. 1958. The 3 rd Danish Expedition to central Asia. Zoological Results 23. Scorpionidea (Chelicerata) de l`Afganistan. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 120: 121 - 187." title="The 3 rd Danish Expedition to central Asia. Zoological Results 23. Scorpionidea (Chelicerata) de l`Afganistan" type="journal article" year="1958">1958</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FF01FB499F93FB08" author="Vachon &amp; Stockmann" box="[193,497,1182,1205]" firstAuthor="Vachon" journalOrPublisher="Monitore Zoologico Italiano (N. S.)" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="81 - 149" part="2" refId="ref45265" refString="VACHON, M. &amp; R. STOCKMANN. 1968. Contribution a l'etude des Scorpions africains appartenant au genre Buthotus Vachon 1949 et etude de la variabilite. Monitore Zoologico Italiano (N. S.), 2 (Supplemento): 81 - 149." title="Contribution a l'etude des Scorpions africains appartenant au genre Buthotus Vachon 1949 et etude de la variabilite" type="journal article" year="1968">Vachon &amp; Stockmann, 1968</bibRefCitation>
). Their capsule region has a stereotypic 4-lobed configuration, in which the sperm hemi-duct is composed of 3 lobes (i.e. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FD49FB0C9D79FB4F" box="[649,795,1243,1266]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">external lobe</emphasis>
, carinated 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FEECFB2D9FD1FAAC" box="[300,435,1274,1297]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">median lobe</emphasis>
, and 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FE35FB2D9CE3FAAC" box="[501,641,1274,1297]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">internal lobe</emphasis>
), and a single 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FF00FACE9F51FA8D" box="[192,307,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">basal lobe</emphasis>
arises dorsally near the base of the median lobe carina. The flagellum is well separated from these lobes. So far, this '3+1' configuration has been found in all 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FF23FAA29F4FFA31" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[227,301,1397,1420]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FF23FAA29F4FFA31" box="[227,301,1397,1420]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Buthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group members, suggesting that it is a synapomorphy for the group.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6CA76641A864FFE3FF00F9129B06F8CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124767" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7124767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124767/files/figure.png" pageId="115" pageNumber="114" startId="115.[192,278,1733,1757]" targetBox="[233,1393,170,1705]" targetPageId="115">
<paragraph id="386736C9A864FFE3FF00F9129B06F8CF" blockId="115.[192,1442,1733,1906]" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FF00F9129FE7F963" bold="true" box="[192,389,1733,1758]" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">Figures 555–570:</emphasis>
Key characters for distinguishing males of Sri Lankan 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA864FFE3FC6EF91F9A6FF960" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[942,1037,1736,1757]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="115" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FC6EF91F9A6FF960" box="[942,1037,1736,1757]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">Isometrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA864FFE3FB80F91F9ACBF960" authorityName="Vachon" authorityYear="1972" box="[1088,1193,1736,1757]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Reddyanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="115" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FB80F91F9ACBF960" box="[1088,1193,1736,1757]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">Reddyanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FB78F9109E86F948" bold="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">Figures 555–556, 565– 566</emphasis>
. Pedipalp chela dorsal view, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA864FFE3FDCFF9369CE8F94B" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1972" box="[527,650,1761,1782]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="115" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FDCFF9369CE8F94B" box="[527,650,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">I. maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from locality 15CP (555), 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA864FFE3FC5FF9369A6FF94B" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1982" box="[927,1037,1761,1782]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="115" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thwaitesi">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FC5FF9369A6FF94B" box="[927,1037,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">I. thwaitesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from locality 15CH (556), 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA864FFE3FAE7F9369BF8F94B" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Karsch" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[1319,1434,1761,1782]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Reddyanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="115" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basilicus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FAE7F9369BF8F94B" box="[1319,1434,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">R. basilicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype (565), and 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA864FFE3FE48F92D9F9FF8B2" authorityName="Vachon" authorityYear="1982" box="[392,509,1786,1807]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="115" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="besucheti">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FE48F92D9F9FF8B2" box="[392,509,1786,1807]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">R. besucheti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype (566). 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FD69F92E9D32F8B3" bold="true" box="[681,848,1785,1807]" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">Figures 557–558</emphasis>
. Sternopectinal area, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA864FFE3FBE6F92D9AFFF8B2" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1972" box="[1062,1181,1786,1807]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="115" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FBE6F92D9AFFF8B2" box="[1062,1181,1786,1807]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">I. maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from locality 15CP (557), and 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA864FFE3FF2CF8C49F38F895" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1982" box="[236,346,1811,1832]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="115" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thwaitesi">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FF2CF8C49F38F895" box="[236,346,1811,1832]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">I. thwaitesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from locality 15CH (558). 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FDB2F8C59DE2F89A" bold="true" box="[626,896,1810,1832]" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">Figures 559–560, 567–570</emphasis>
. Sternite V, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA864FFE3FBC4F8C49A1CF895" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1972" box="[1028,1150,1811,1832]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="115" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FBC4F8C49A1CF895" box="[1028,1150,1811,1832]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">I. maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from locality 15CP (559), 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA864FFE3FA52F8C49F75F8FC" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1982" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="115" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thwaitesi">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FA52F8C49F75F8FC" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">I. thwaitesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from locality 15CH (560), 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA864FFE3FDE2F8FB9CFAF8FC" authorityName="Vachon" authorityYear="1982" box="[546,664,1836,1857]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="115" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="besucheti">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FDE2F8FB9CFAF8FC" box="[546,664,1836,1857]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">R. besucheti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from locality 15CF (567), 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA864FFE3FC67F8FB9A53F8FC" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š, 2016" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š" authorityYear="2016" box="[935,1073,1836,1857]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Reddyanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="115" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceylonensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FC67F8FB9A53F8FC" box="[935,1073,1836,1857]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">R. ceylonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="119F57A0A864FFE3FBF8F8FC9A0FF8FC" box="[1080,1133,1835,1857]" pageId="115" pageNumber="114" rank="species">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FBF8F8FC9A2DF8FD" bold="true" box="[1080,1103,1835,1856]" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FB9AF8FC9A05F8FD" bold="true" box="[1114,1127,1835,1856]" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype (568), 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA864FFE3FAD7F8FB9BC2F8FC" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š, 2016" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š" authorityYear="2016" box="[1303,1440,1836,1857]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Reddyanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="115" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jayarathnei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FAD7F8FB9BC2F8FC" box="[1303,1440,1836,1857]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">R. jayarathnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="119F57A0A864FFE3FF00F8939E95F8E4" box="[192,247,1860,1881]" pageId="115" pageNumber="114" rank="species">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FF00F8939EB5F8E4" bold="true" box="[192,215,1860,1881]" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FF24F8939E93F8E4" bold="true" box="[228,241,1860,1881]" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype (569), and 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA864FFE3FE0CF8939C2DF8E4" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š, 2016" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š" authorityYear="2016" box="[460,591,1860,1881]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Reddyanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="115" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ranawanai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FE0CF8939C2DF8E4" box="[460,591,1860,1881]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">R. ranawanai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="119F57A0A864FFE3FD97F8939CEFF8E4" box="[599,653,1860,1881]" pageId="115" pageNumber="114" rank="species">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FD97F8939C0CF8E4" bold="true" box="[599,622,1860,1881]" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FDBBF8939CEAF8E4" bold="true" box="[635,648,1860,1881]" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype (570). 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FCF8F8939D82F8E4" bold="true" box="[824,992,1860,1882]" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">Figures 561–564</emphasis>
. Metasomal segment II lateral (561–562) and pedipalp patella dorsal (563–564), 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA864FFE3FDCFF88A9C03F8CF" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Vachon" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[527,609,1885,1906]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Reddyanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="115" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loebli">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FDCFF88A9C03F8CF" box="[527,609,1885,1906]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">R. loebli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from locality 15CG (561, 563) and 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA864FFE3FC7BF88A9A53F8CF" authorityName="Vachon" authorityYear="1982" box="[955,1073,1885,1906]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="115" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="besucheti">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA864FFE3FC7BF88A9A53F8CF" box="[955,1073,1885,1906]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="114">R. besucheti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from locality 15CF (562, 564).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6CA76641A863FFE4FF00FCC59FDBFCC9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124769" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7124769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124769/files/figure.png" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" startId="116.[192,278,786,810]" targetBox="[195,1423,184,735]" targetPageId="116">
<paragraph id="386736C9A863FFE4FF00FCC59FDBFCC9" blockId="116.[192,1440,786,884]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FF00FCC59FE1FC97" bold="true" box="[192,387,786,810]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Figures 571–574:</emphasis>
Key characters for distinguishing Sri Lankan 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FCFFFCC39DA1FC94" authorityName=": Kovarik" authorityYear="2004" box="[831,963,788,809]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FCFFFCC39DA1FC94" box="[831,963,788,809]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Heterometrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FC10FCC49A15FC94" bold="true" box="[976,1143,787,809]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Figures 571–572</emphasis>
. Pedipalp chela dorsal view of male, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FF3DFCFA9FBAFCFF" authorityName=": Tikader &amp; Bastawade" authorityYear="1983" box="[253,472,813,834]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serratus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FF3DFCFA9FBAFCFF" box="[253,472,813,834]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Heterometrus serratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from locality 15CP (571) and 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FCCCFCFA9A6BFCFF" authorityName=": Kovarik" authorityYear="2004" box="[780,1033,813,834]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gravimanus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FCCCFCFA9A6BFCFF" box="[780,1033,813,834]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Heterometrus gravimanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from locality 15CE (572). 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FADAFCFB9E86FCE7" bold="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Figures 573– 574</emphasis>
. Metasomal segments IV-II lateral view of female, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FD1BFC919DFBFCE6" authorityName=": Fet" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[731,921,838,859]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FD1BFC919DFBFCE6" box="[731,921,838,859]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Heterometrus indus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from locality 15CA (573) and 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FB07FC919BC2FCE6" authorityName=": Tikader &amp; Bastawade" authorityYear="1983" box="[1223,1440,838,859]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serratus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FB07FC919BC2FCE6" box="[1223,1440,838,859]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Heterometrus serratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from locality 15CP (574).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="386736C9A863FFE4FF30FA659AE4FBE4" blockId="116.[192,803,937,1910]" lastBlockId="116.[830,1441,937,1910]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">
Hemispermatophores of non- 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FDF3FA659C1FFA74" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[563,637,1458,1481]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FDF3FA659C1FFA74" box="[563,637,1458,1481]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Buthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group genera, including most of the 
<collectingRegion id="FA1CF82BA863FFE4FE7AFA069FBBFA55" box="[442,473,1489,1512]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Sri</collectingRegion>
Lankan buthids (except 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FD31FA069F19F9BB" authorityName=": Kovarik &amp; Ojanguren Affilastro" authorityYear="2013" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Hottentotta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamulus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FD31FA069F19F9BB" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Hottentotta tamulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), are more heterogeneous. In the majority of genera, the base of the flagellum is broadly fused to a large carinated lobe, and there may be one or more additional distinct lobes on the internal side. A basal lobe is usually present, and its size and shape varies considerably. This configuration has been described in the genera 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FE63F9709C69F903" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[419,523,1703,1726]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Ananteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FE63F9709C69F903" box="[419,523,1703,1726]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Ananteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FDDAF9709CDFF903" authorityName="Locket" authorityYear="1990" box="[538,701,1703,1726]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Australobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FDDAF9709CDFF903" box="[538,701,1703,1726]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Australobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FD0DF9709F62F960" authorityName="Hirst" authorityYear="1925" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Butheoloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FD0DF9709F62F960" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Butheoloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FEDAF9119FC5F960" authorityName="Marx" authorityYear="1890" box="[282,423,1734,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FEDAF9119FC5F960" box="[282,423,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Centruroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FE02F9119C7DF960" authorityName="Francke, Teruel &amp; Santibanez-Lopez" authorityYear="2014" box="[450,543,1734,1757]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Chaneke" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FE02F9119C7DF960" box="[450,543,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Chaneke</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FDF9F9119CD5F960" authorityName="Hirst" authorityYear="1911" box="[569,695,1734,1757]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Hemilychas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FDF9F9119CD5F960" box="[569,695,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Hemilychas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FD12F9119F61F941" authorityName="Keyserling" authorityYear="1885" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FD12F9119F61F941" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Isometroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FED5F9329F1CF941" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[277,382,1765,1788]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FED5F9329F1CF941" box="[277,382,1765,1788]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Isometrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FE51F9329C6FF941" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1890" box="[401,525,1765,1788]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FE51F9329C6FF941" box="[401,525,1765,1788]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Parabuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FDE0F9329CFEF941" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1876" box="[544,668,1765,1788]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Rhopalurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FDE0F9329CFEF941" box="[544,668,1765,1788]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Rhopalurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FD6EF9329C8DF941" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[686,751,1765,1788]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FD6EF9329C8DF941" box="[686,751,1765,1788]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Tityus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FF00F8D49F6BF8A7" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1893" box="[192,265,1795,1818]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Zabius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FF00F8D49F6BF8A7" box="[192,265,1795,1818]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Zabius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FEDCF8D49CDEF8A7" author="BOTERO-TRUJILLO, R. &amp; E. FLOREZ-DAZA" box="[284,700,1795,1818]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 44" part="2904" refId="ref40641" refString="BOTERO-TRUJILLO, R. &amp; E. FLOREZ-DAZA. 2011. A revisionary approach of Colombian Ananteris (Scorpiones, Buthidae): two new species, a new synonymy, and notes on the value of trichobothria and hemispermatophore for the taxonomy of the group. Zootaxa, 2904: 1 - 44." title="A revisionary approach of Colombian Ananteris (Scorpiones, Buthidae): two new species, a new synonymy, and notes on the value of trichobothria and hemispermatophore for the taxonomy of the group" type="journal article" year="2011">Botero-Trujillo &amp; Florez-Daza, 2011</bibRefCitation>
; Francke &amp; Stockwell, 198 7; 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FE61F8F59CADF884" author="Gysin &amp; Le Coroller" box="[417,719,1826,1849]" firstAuthor="Gysin" journalOrPublisher="Archives de l'Institut Pasteur Alger" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="64 - 75" part="46" refId="ref41139" refString="GYSIN, J. &amp; Y. LE COROLLER. 1968. Contribution a l'etude systematique du scorpion &quot; Isometrus maculatus &quot; (De Geer, 1778). Archives de l'Institut Pasteur Alger, 46: 64 - 75." title="Contribution a l'etude systematique du scorpion &quot; Isometrus maculatus &quot; (De Geer, 1778)" type="journal article" year="1968">Gysin &amp; Le Coroller, 1968</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FD21F8F59E97F8E5" author="Koch" firstAuthor="Koch" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="83 - 367" refId="ref41517" refString="KOCH, L. E. 1977. The taxonomy, geographic distribution and evolutionary radiation of Australo- Papuan scorpions. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 5 (2): 83 - 367." type="journal article" year="1977">Koch, 1977</bibRefCitation>
; Kovařík, Teruel, et al., 2015; 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FD95F8969F26F8CB" author="Kovarik, Teruel &amp; Lowe" firstAuthor="Kovarik" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 20" part="218" refId="ref42237" refString="KOVARIK, F., R. TERUEL, G. LOWE. 2016. Two new scorpions of the genus Chaneke Francke, Teruel &amp; Santibanez-Lopez, 2014 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from southern Mexico. Euscorpius, 218: 1 - 20." title="Two new scorpions of the genus Chaneke Francke, Teruel &amp; Santibanez-Lopez, 2014 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from southern Mexico" type="journal article" year="2016">Kovařík, Teruel &amp; Lowe, 2016</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FE98F8889F9CF8CB" author="Lamoral" box="[344,510,1887,1910]" firstAuthor="Lamoral" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="497 - 784" refId="ref42453" refString="LAMORAL, B. H. 1979. The scorpions of Namibia (Arachnida: Scorpionida). Annals of the Natal Museum, 23 (3): 497 - 784." type="journal article" year="1979">Lamoral, 1979</bibRefCitation>
; Lenarducci et. al., 2005; 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FCFEFC7E9DB6FC7D" author="Locket" box="[830,980,937,960]" firstAuthor="Locket" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="67 - 80" refId="ref42549" refString="LOCKET, N. A. 1990. A new genus and species of scorpion from South Australia (Buthidae: Buthinae). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 114 (1 - 2): 67 - 80." type="journal article" year="1990">Locket, 1990</bibRefCitation>
; Lourenço et. al., 2006; 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FAC7FC7E9BFBFC7D" author="Maury" box="[1287,1433,937,960]" firstAuthor="Maury" journalOrPublisher="Physis" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="159 - 164" part="29" refId="ref43352" refString="MAURY, E. A. 1969. Tityus bahiensis (Perty 1834), en la Argentina (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Physis, 29 (78): 159 - 164." title="Tityus bahiensis (Perty 1834), en la Argentina (Scorpiones, Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="1969">Maury, 1969</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FCFEFC109D11FC63" author="Maury" box="[830,883,967,990]" firstAuthor="Maury" journalOrPublisher="Physis" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="405 - 421" part="29" refId="ref43387" refString="MAURY, E. A. 1970. Redescripcion y distribucion en la Argentina de Tityus trivittatus trivittatus Kraepelin 1898 (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Comentarios sobre sus habitos domiciliarios y su paligrosidad. Physis, 29 (79): 405 - 421." title="Redescripcion y distribucion en la Argentina de Tityus trivittatus trivittatus Kraepelin 1898 (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Comentarios sobre sus habitos domiciliarios y su paligrosidad" type="journal article" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FC42FC109DD5FC63" author="Maury" box="[898,951,967,990]" firstAuthor="Maury" journalOrPublisher="Physis" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="85 - 92" part="33" refId="ref43433" refString="MAURY, E. A. 1974. Escorpiofauna Chaquena. II. Tityus confluens Borelli 1899 (Buthidae). Physis, 33 (86): 85 - 92." title="Escorpiofauna Chaquena. II. Tityus confluens Borelli 1899 (Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FC07FC109A8EFC63" author="Ojanguren-Affilastro" box="[967,1260,967,990]" firstAuthor="Ojanguren-Affilastro" journalOrPublisher="Revista Iberica de Aracnologia" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="75 - 241" part="11" refId="ref43589" refString="OJANGUREN-AFFILASTRO, A. A. 2005. Estudio monografico de los escorpiones de la Republica Argentina. Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, 11: 75 - 241." title="Estudio monografico de los escorpiones de la Republica Argentina" type="journal article" year="2005">Ojanguren-Affilastro, 2005</bibRefCitation>
; Prendini et. al., 2009; 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FC45FC319A6DFC40" author="Probst" box="[901,1039,998,1021]" firstAuthor="Probst" journalOrPublisher="Acta Tropica" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 87" part="29" refId="ref43934" refString="PROBST, P. J. 1972. Zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie und zur Entwicklung der Giftdrusen beim Skorpion Isometrus maculatus (De Geer, 1778) (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Acta Tropica, 29 (1): 1 - 87." title="Zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie und zur Entwicklung der Giftdrusen beim Skorpion Isometrus maculatus (De Geer, 1778) (Scorpiones, Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="1972">Probst, 1972</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FBE1FC319AB0FC40" author="Stockwell" bookContentInfo="319 pp." box="[1057,1234,998,1021]" firstAuthor="Stockwell" journalOrPublisher="Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Berkeley, Berkeley, California" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" refId="ref44500" refString="STOCKWELL, S. A. 1989. Revision of the Phylogeny and Higher Classification of Scorpions (Chelicerata). Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Berkeley, Berkeley, California. 319 pp. (unpublished). University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Michigan." title="Revision of the Phylogeny and Higher Classification of Scorpions (Chelicerata)" type="book" year="1989">Stockwell, 1989</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FB24FC319D11FBA1" author="Teruel &amp; Armas" firstAuthor="Teruel" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="153 - 174" part="50" refId="ref44620" refString="TERUEL, R. &amp; L. F. DE ARMAS. 2012. Redescripcion de Rhopalurus junceus (Herbst, 1800) (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 50: 153 - 174." title="Redescripcion de Rhopalurus junceus (Herbst, 1800) (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="2012">Teruel &amp; Armas, 2012</bibRefCitation>
). Here we document this lobe configuration also in the non- 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FC5CFBF49D84FB87" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[924,998,1059,1082]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FC5CFBF49D84FB87" box="[924,998,1059,1082]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Buthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group genera, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FB55FBF49B47FB87" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1936" box="[1173,1317,1059,1082]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthoscorpio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FB55FBF49B47FB87" box="[1173,1317,1059,1082]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Buthoscorpio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FAF8FBF49BF8FB87" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1879" box="[1336,1434,1059,1082]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Charmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FAF8FBF49BF8FB87" box="[1336,1434,1059,1082]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Charmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FCFEFB959DE8FBE4" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1845" box="[830,906,1090,1113]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Lychas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FCFEFB959DE8FBE4" box="[830,906,1090,1113]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Lychas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FC7EFB959A51FBE4" authorityName="Vachon" authorityYear="1972" box="[958,1075,1090,1113]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Reddyanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FC7EFB959A51FBE4" box="[958,1075,1090,1113]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Reddyanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FBFAFB969AE4FBE4" bold="true" box="[1082,1158,1089,1113]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">stat. n.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A863FFE4FCAEFBB69A78F884" blockId="116.[830,1441,937,1910]" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">
Following 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FC24FBB69AFDFBC5" author="Stockwell" bookContentInfo="319 pp." box="[996,1183,1121,1144]" firstAuthor="Stockwell" journalOrPublisher="Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Berkeley, Berkeley, California" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" refId="ref44500" refString="STOCKWELL, S. A. 1989. Revision of the Phylogeny and Higher Classification of Scorpions (Chelicerata). Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Berkeley, Berkeley, California. 319 pp. (unpublished). University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Michigan." title="Revision of the Phylogeny and Higher Classification of Scorpions (Chelicerata)" type="book" year="1989">Stockwell (1989)</bibRefCitation>
, we have proposed that the carinated lobe of buthids is homologous to and derived from the carinated lobe of the chaerilid hemispermatophore (
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FC2FFB6A9B2AFB69" author="Kovarik, Teruel &amp; Lowe" box="[1007,1352,1213,1236]" firstAuthor="Kovarik" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 20" part="218" refId="ref42237" refString="KOVARIK, F., R. TERUEL, G. LOWE. 2016. Two new scorpions of the genus Chaneke Francke, Teruel &amp; Santibanez-Lopez, 2014 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from southern Mexico. Euscorpius, 218: 1 - 20." title="Two new scorpions of the genus Chaneke Francke, Teruel &amp; Santibanez-Lopez, 2014 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from southern Mexico" type="journal article" year="2016">Kovařík, Teruel &amp; Lowe, 2016</bibRefCitation>
). In the ' 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FC83FB0C9DEFFB4F" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[835,909,1243,1266]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FC83FB0C9DEFFB4F" box="[835,909,1243,1266]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Buthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
' group, this lobe sits between two other lobes with more external and more internal positions, and hence was termed the 'median lobe' (
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FB32FACE9BF2FA8D" author="Vachon" box="[1266,1424,1305,1328]" firstAuthor="Vachon" journalOrPublisher="Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Algerie" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="172 - 177" part="30" refId="ref44827" refString="VACHON, M. 1952 a. Complements a la description du petit scorpion Mauritanien Lissothus occidentalis Vachon, 1950 famille des Buthidae E. Simon. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, 30 (2): 172 - 177." title="Complements a la description du petit scorpion Mauritanien Lissothus occidentalis Vachon, 1950 famille des Buthidae E. Simon" type="journal article" year="1952">Vachon, 1952</bibRefCitation>
). Taking the carina as a conserved landmark, we hypothesize that the median lobe is homologous to the carinated lobe in non- 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FBD0FAA29A38FA31" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1040,1114,1397,1420]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FBD0FAA29A38FA31" box="[1040,1114,1397,1420]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Buthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group genera that is fused to the base of the flagellum. We further hypothesize that the fused state is plesiomorphic because it approximates the chaerilid condition in which the carinated lobe is joined continuously to the distal lamina. Some exceptions to the fused configuration are seen in the genera 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FCFEF9FA9DC4F9F9" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[830,934,1581,1604]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Ananteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FCFEF9FA9DC4F9F9" box="[830,934,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Ananteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FC77F9FA9A4BF9F9" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1886" box="[951,1065,1581,1604]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Babycurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FC77F9FA9A4BF9F9" box="[951,1065,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Babycurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FBFBF9FA9AC1F9F9" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1880" box="[1083,1187,1581,1604]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Grosphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FBFBF9FA9AC1F9F9" box="[1083,1187,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Grosphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FB1EF9FA9B31F9F9" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1861" box="[1246,1363,1581,1604]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Uroplectes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FB1EF9FA9B31F9F9" box="[1246,1363,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Uroplectes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FAA5F9FA9DD6F9DF" author="Lamoral" firstAuthor="Lamoral" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="497 - 784" refId="ref42453" refString="LAMORAL, B. H. 1979. The scorpions of Namibia (Arachnida: Scorpionida). Annals of the Natal Museum, 23 (3): 497 - 784." type="journal article" year="1979">Lamoral, 1979</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FC04F99C9A2BF9DF" author="Lowe" box="[964,1097,1611,1634]" firstAuthor="Lowe" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="185 - 192" part="111" refId="ref43046" refString="LOWE, G. 2000. A new species of Babycurus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Northern Oman. Entomological News, 111: 185 - 192." title="A new species of Babycurus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Northern Oman" type="journal article" year="2000">Lowe, 2000</bibRefCitation>
; Kovařík, Lowe et. al., 2015, 2 0 16; 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A863FFE4FC45F9BD9AC9F93C" author="Ojanguren-Affilastro" box="[901,1195,1642,1665]" firstAuthor="Ojanguren-Affilastro" journalOrPublisher="Revista Iberica de Aracnologia" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" pagination="75 - 241" part="11" refId="ref43589" refString="OJANGUREN-AFFILASTRO, A. A. 2005. Estudio monografico de los escorpiones de la Republica Argentina. Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, 11: 75 - 241." title="Estudio monografico de los escorpiones de la Republica Argentina" type="journal article" year="2005">Ojanguren-Affilastro, 2005</bibRefCitation>
;Vachon, 1950, 1969), in which the flagellum appears well separated from the carinated median lobe. However, in contrast to the 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FCFEF9119DEAF960" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[830,904,1734,1757]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FCFEF9119DEAF960" box="[830,904,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Buthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, a non-carinated external lobe is not interpolated between the flagellum and the median lobe. This arrangement could represent a precursor to the 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FA96F8D49BC2F8A7" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1366,1440,1795,1818]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FA96F8D49BC2F8A7" box="[1366,1440,1795,1818]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Buthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group configuration.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A863FFE5FCAEF8969F95FC46" blockId="116.[830,1441,937,1910]" lastBlockId="117.[192,802,198,1019]" lastPageId="117" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">
All 
<collectingRegion id="FA1CF82BA863FFE4FC59F8969DDAF8E5" box="[921,952,1857,1880]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Sri</collectingRegion>
Lankan representatives of non- 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FAD0F8969B38F8E5" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1296,1370,1857,1880]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FAD0F8969B38F8E5" box="[1296,1370,1857,1880]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Buthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group genera so far examined (
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FB9EF8889A8CF8CB" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1936" box="[1118,1262,1887,1910]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthoscorpio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FB9EF8889A8CF8CB" box="[1118,1262,1887,1910]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Buthoscorpio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE4FAC1F8889B01F8CB" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1879" box="[1281,1379,1887,1910]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Charmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE4FAC1F8889B01F8CB" box="[1281,1379,1887,1910]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Charmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA863FFE5FAB6F8889F6BFF63" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="117" lastPageNumber="116" order="Scorpiones" pageId="116" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA863FFE5FAB6F8889F6BFF63" italics="true" lastPageId="117" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="116" pageNumber="115">Isometrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FED9FF109F06FF63" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1845" box="[281,356,199,222]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Lychas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FED9FF109F06FF63" box="[281,356,199,222]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Lychas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FE5FFF109C76FF63" authorityName="Vachon" authorityYear="1972" box="[415,532,199,222]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Reddyanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FE5FFF109C76FF63" box="[415,532,199,222]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Reddyanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FDDFFF119C0DFF63" bold="true" box="[543,623,198,222]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">stat. n.</emphasis>
) exhibit a basic 1+1 lobe configuration (fused median lobe + basal lobe), without additional internal lobes developed. This configuration is shared with a number of other non- 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FD18FEF49D40FE87" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[728,802,291,314]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FD18FEF49D40FE87" box="[728,802,291,314]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Buthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group genera that have been reported, i.e. some species of 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FF29FEB79F33FECA" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[233,337,352,375]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Ananteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FF29FEB79F33FECA" box="[233,337,352,375]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Ananteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A862FFE5FEAAFEB79D7CFECA" author="BOTERO-TRUJILLO, R. &amp; E. FLOREZ-DAZA" box="[362,798,352,375]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 44" part="2904" refId="ref40641" refString="BOTERO-TRUJILLO, R. &amp; E. FLOREZ-DAZA. 2011. A revisionary approach of Colombian Ananteris (Scorpiones, Buthidae): two new species, a new synonymy, and notes on the value of trichobothria and hemispermatophore for the taxonomy of the group. Zootaxa, 2904: 1 - 44." title="A revisionary approach of Colombian Ananteris (Scorpiones, Buthidae): two new species, a new synonymy, and notes on the value of trichobothria and hemispermatophore for the taxonomy of the group" type="journal article" year="2011">Botero-Trujillo &amp; Florez-Daza, 2011</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A862FFE5FF00FEA89F8BFE2B" author="Ojanguren-Affilastro" box="[192,489,383,406]" firstAuthor="Ojanguren-Affilastro" journalOrPublisher="Revista Iberica de Aracnologia" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" pagination="75 - 241" part="11" refId="ref43589" refString="OJANGUREN-AFFILASTRO, A. A. 2005. Estudio monografico de los escorpiones de la Republica Argentina. Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, 11: 75 - 241." title="Estudio monografico de los escorpiones de la Republica Argentina" type="journal article" year="2005">Ojanguren-Affilastro, 2005</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FDF2FEA89C11FE2B" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[562,627,383,406]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FDF2FEA89C11FE2B" box="[562,627,383,406]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Tityus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kovařík, Teruel, et. al., 2015; 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A862FFE5FE68FE499CBAFE08" author="Ojanguren-Affilastro" box="[424,728,414,437]" firstAuthor="Ojanguren-Affilastro" journalOrPublisher="Revista Iberica de Aracnologia" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" pagination="75 - 241" part="11" refId="ref43589" refString="OJANGUREN-AFFILASTRO, A. A. 2005. Estudio monografico de los escorpiones de la Republica Argentina. Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, 11: 75 - 241." title="Estudio monografico de los escorpiones de la Republica Argentina" type="journal article" year="2005">Ojanguren-Affilastro, 2005</bibRefCitation>
); and 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FF00FE6B9F01FE6E" authorityName="Locket" authorityYear="1990" box="[192,355,444,467]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Australobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FF00FE6B9F01FE6E" box="[192,355,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Australobuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FEB7FE6B9F97FE6E" authorityName="Hirst" authorityYear="1911" box="[375,501,444,467]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Hemilychas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FEB7FE6B9F97FE6E" box="[375,501,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Hemilychas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FDC8FE6B9CF0FE6E" authorityName="Keyserling" authorityYear="1885" box="[520,658,444,467]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FDC8FE6B9CF0FE6E" box="[520,658,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Isometroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FD12FE6B9E80FE4F" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FD12FE6B9E80FE4F" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Isometrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A862FFE5FF35FE0C9C41FE4F" author="Gysin &amp; Le Coroller" box="[245,547,475,498]" firstAuthor="Gysin" journalOrPublisher="Archives de l'Institut Pasteur Alger" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" pagination="64 - 75" part="46" refId="ref41139" refString="GYSIN, J. &amp; Y. LE COROLLER. 1968. Contribution a l'etude systematique du scorpion &quot; Isometrus maculatus &quot; (De Geer, 1778). Archives de l'Institut Pasteur Alger, 46: 64 - 75." title="Contribution a l'etude systematique du scorpion &quot; Isometrus maculatus &quot; (De Geer, 1778)" type="journal article" year="1968">Gysin &amp; Le Coroller, 1968</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A862FFE5FDF5FE0C9CA7FE4F" author="Locket" box="[565,709,475,498]" firstAuthor="Locket" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" pagination="67 - 80" refId="ref42549" refString="LOCKET, N. A. 1990. A new genus and species of scorpion from South Australia (Buthidae: Buthinae). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 114 (1 - 2): 67 - 80." type="journal article" year="1990">Locket, 1990</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A862FFE5FD17FE0C9E97FDAC" author="Probst" firstAuthor="Probst" journalOrPublisher="Acta Tropica" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 87" part="29" refId="ref43934" refString="PROBST, P. J. 1972. Zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie und zur Entwicklung der Giftdrusen beim Skorpion Isometrus maculatus (De Geer, 1778) (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Acta Tropica, 29 (1): 1 - 87." title="Zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie und zur Entwicklung der Giftdrusen beim Skorpion Isometrus maculatus (De Geer, 1778) (Scorpiones, Buthidae)" type="journal article" year="1972">Probst, 1972</bibRefCitation>
). This may be a plesiomorphic state from which additional internal or external lobes have arisen independently in different lineages. Even under a basic 1+1 configuration, we observe hemispermatophore differences that are diagnostic at the generic level, e.g. enabling us to differentiate 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FE38FD449C0FFD17" authorityName="Vachon" authorityYear="1972" box="[504,621,659,682]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Reddyanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FE38FD449C0FFD17" box="[504,621,659,682]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Reddyanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FD78FD449D43FD17" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[696,801,659,682]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FD78FD449D43FD17" box="[696,801,659,682]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Isometrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the size of the basal lobe, and the length and shape of the flagellum. Two novel, unique hemispermatophore morphologies that we found are: (i) a highly elongated capsule in 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FE81FCD99FB3FC98" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1936" box="[321,465,782,805]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthoscorpio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FE81FCD99FB3FC98" box="[321,465,782,805]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Buthoscorpio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with a long narrow median lobe fused to the base of the flagellum, and a round, blunt basal lobe; and (ii) a short capsule in 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FD79FC9C9D79FCDF" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1879" box="[697,795,843,866]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Charmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FD79FC9C9D79FCDF" box="[697,795,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Charmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with a truncated median lobe, and a bulging, bilobate basal lobe. These findings reveal an unexplored diversity in buthid hemispermatophores, that could provide new characters for analyzing phylogenetic relationships in this large and ancient family.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A862FFE5FF00FBF59F25FBD9" blockId="117.[192,801,1058,1124]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FF00FBF59F25FBD9" bold="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
Cytogenetic Data on 
<collectingRegion id="FA1CF82BA862FFE5FDC5FBF59C4CFB82" box="[517,558,1058,1087]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Sri</collectingRegion>
Lankan Buthid Scorpions
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A862FFE5FF30FB5D9D80FC22" blockId="117.[192,802,1162,1890]" lastBlockId="117.[830,1441,199,927]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
Altogether we analyzed seven buthid species (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA862FFE5FD2CFB5D9F7FFB02" captionStart="Figures 547–554" captionStartId="114.[192,278,810,834]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,782]" captionTargetId="figure-538@114.[192,1440,192,781]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="Figures 547–554: The mitotic metaphases of buthid males from Sri Lanka. Buthoscorpio sarasinorum from locality 15CF (2n=14) (547), Charmus laneus from locality 15CO (2n=9) (548), Isometrus thwaitesi from locality 15CF (2n=8) (549), Lychas srilankensis from locality 15CN (2n=16) (550), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CS (2n=16) (551), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CR (2n=15) (552), Reddyanus ceylonensis from locality 15CI (2n=16) (553), Reddyanus loebli from locality 15CH (2n=17) (554). Arrowheads indicate extra large odd chromosomes. Scale bar = 5 µm for 547–554." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124765/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Figs. 547–554</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="755A0372A862FFE5FEEFFB7F9FE6FB02" box="[303,388,1192,1215]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="110.[192,257,1863,1887]" captionTargetId="graphics-44@110.[373,1259,1447,1834]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Table 6: The diploid numbers and the relative size of the diploid set (in %) of chromosomes of Sri Lankan buthid scorpions." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6CA76641A879FFFEFF00F8909B1AF8E2" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" tableUuid="6CA76641A879FFFEFF00F8909B1AF8E2">Table 6</tableCitation>
) using standard cytogenetic methods (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A862FFE5FF38FB109FB5FB63" author="Kovarik" box="[248,471,1223,1246]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kovarik" journalOrPublisher="Euscorpius" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 12" part="77" refId="ref42175" refString="KOVARIK, F., F. STAHLAVSKY, T. KORINKOVA &amp; J. KRAL. 2009. Tityus ythieri Lourenco, 2007 is a synonym of Tityus magnimanus Pocock, 1897 (Scorpiones: Buthidae): a combined approach using morphology, hybridization experiments, chromosomes, and mitochondrial DNA. Euscorpius, 77: 1 - 12." title="Tityus ythieri Lourenco, 2007 is a synonym of Tityus magnimanus Pocock, 1897 (Scorpiones: Buthidae): a combined approach using morphology, hybridization experiments, chromosomes, and mitochondrial DNA" type="journal article" year="2009">Kovařík et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A862FFE5FE23FB109C87FB63" author="Stahlavsky" box="[483,741,1223,1246]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Stahlavsky" journalOrPublisher="North-Western Journal of Zoology" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" pagination="355 - 358" part="10" refId="ref44551" refString="STAHLAVSKY, F., H. KOC &amp; E. A. YAGMUR. 2014. The first record of karyotypes in Leiurus abdullahbayrami and Compsobuthus matthiesseni (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Turkey. North-Western Journal of Zoology, 10: 355 - 358." title="The first record of karyotypes in Leiurus abdullahbayrami and Compsobuthus matthiesseni (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Turkey" type="journal article" year="2014">Šťáhlavský et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
). The karyotype characteristics of all analyzed species correspond to the cytogenetic attributes typical for the family 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FF26FAF49F28FA87" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[230,330,1315,1338]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buthidae</taxonomicName>
. Chromosomes do not have visible centromere regions which is a typical feature for holocentric chromosomes. This 
<typeStatus id="E763886BA862FFE5FE5EFAB79FAEFACA" box="[414,460,1376,1399]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">type</typeStatus>
of organization is only known in the family 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FE99FAA89FD8FA2B" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[345,442,1407,1430]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buthidae</taxonomicName>
within scorpions (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A862FFE5FD7AFAA89F40FA08" author="Mattos" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mattos" journalOrPublisher="Chromosome Research" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" pagination="121 - 136" part="21" refId="ref43297" refString="MATTOS, V. F., D. M. CELLA, L. S. CARVALHO, D. M. CANDIDO &amp; M. C. SCHNEIDER. 2013. High chromosome variability and the presence of multivalent associations in buthid scorpions. Chromosome Research, 21: 121 - 136." title="High chromosome variability and the presence of multivalent associations in buthid scorpions" type="journal article" year="2013">Mattos et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
). This family is also characterized by low numbers of chromosomes. Half of the cytogenetically investigated species show diploid numbers from 14 to 24 (Schneider et al., 2016). In view of this fact, 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FD00FA2D9F64F992" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1879" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Charmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laneus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FD00FA2D9F64F992" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Charmus laneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2n=9) (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA862FFE5FEA6F9CF9FA0F992" box="[358,450,1560,1583]" captionStart="Figures 547–554" captionStartId="114.[192,278,810,834]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,782]" captionTargetId="figure-538@114.[192,1440,192,781]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="Figures 547–554: The mitotic metaphases of buthid males from Sri Lanka. Buthoscorpio sarasinorum from locality 15CF (2n=14) (547), Charmus laneus from locality 15CO (2n=9) (548), Isometrus thwaitesi from locality 15CF (2n=8) (549), Lychas srilankensis from locality 15CN (2n=16) (550), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CS (2n=16) (551), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CR (2n=15) (552), Reddyanus ceylonensis from locality 15CI (2n=16) (553), Reddyanus loebli from locality 15CH (2n=17) (554). Arrowheads indicate extra large odd chromosomes. Scale bar = 5 µm for 547–554." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124765/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Fig. 548</figureCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FDC0F9CF9CB3F992" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1982" box="[512,721,1560,1583]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thwaitesi">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FDC0F9CF9CB3F992" box="[512,721,1560,1583]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Isometrus thwaitesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2n=8) (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA862FFE5FF08F9E09F46F9F3" box="[200,292,1591,1614]" captionStart="Figures 547–554" captionStartId="114.[192,278,810,834]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,782]" captionTargetId="figure-538@114.[192,1440,192,781]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="Figures 547–554: The mitotic metaphases of buthid males from Sri Lanka. Buthoscorpio sarasinorum from locality 15CF (2n=14) (547), Charmus laneus from locality 15CO (2n=9) (548), Isometrus thwaitesi from locality 15CF (2n=8) (549), Lychas srilankensis from locality 15CN (2n=16) (550), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CS (2n=16) (551), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CR (2n=15) (552), Reddyanus ceylonensis from locality 15CI (2n=16) (553), Reddyanus loebli from locality 15CH (2n=17) (554). Arrowheads indicate extra large odd chromosomes. Scale bar = 5 µm for 547–554." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124765/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Fig. 549</figureCitation>
) represent exceptions with very low number of chromosomes. Only three known species from the genus 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FF00F9A39FA9F936" authority="C. L. Koch, 1836" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1836" box="[192,459,1652,1675]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FF00F9A39F63F936" box="[192,257,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Tityus</emphasis>
C. L. Koch, 1836
</taxonomicName>
have diploid numbers of chromosomes lower than 10 (see Schneider et al., 2016). This phenomenon has been documented in 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FD5EF9659F2CF95A" authority="(Perty, 1834)" baseAuthorityName="Perty" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Tityus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bahiensis">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FD5EF9659D40F974" box="[670,802,1714,1737]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">T. bahiensis</emphasis>
(Perty, 1834)
</taxonomicName>
and was explained as an effect of intensive fusion of holocentric chromosomes (
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A862FFE5FDA5F9389E98F898" author="Schneider" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schneider" journalOrPublisher="Chromosome Research" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" pagination="883 - 898" part="17" refId="ref44092" refString="SCHNEIDER, M. C., A. A. ZACARO, R. PINTO-DA- ROCHA, D. M. CANDIDO &amp; D. M. CELLA. 2009. Complex meiotic configuration of the holocentric chromosomes: the intriguing case of the scorpion Tityus bahiensis. Chromosome Research, 17 (7): 883 - 898." title="Complex meiotic configuration of the holocentric chromosomes: the intriguing case of the scorpion Tityus bahiensis" type="journal article" year="2009">Schneider et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
). This 
<typeStatus id="E763886BA862FFE5FE8FF8D99F1FF898" box="[335,381,1806,1829]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">type</typeStatus>
of chromosomal rearrangement may also explain the differences in chromosome size within 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FF00F89C9F86F8DF" authorityName=": Fet" authorityYear="1997" box="[192,484,1867,1890]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthoscorpio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarasinorum">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FF00F89C9F86F8DF" box="[192,484,1867,1890]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Buthoscorpio sarasinorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA862FFE5FE39F89C9C3EF8DF" box="[505,604,1867,1890]" captionStart="Figures 547–554" captionStartId="114.[192,278,810,834]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,782]" captionTargetId="figure-538@114.[192,1440,192,781]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="Figures 547–554: The mitotic metaphases of buthid males from Sri Lanka. Buthoscorpio sarasinorum from locality 15CF (2n=14) (547), Charmus laneus from locality 15CO (2n=9) (548), Isometrus thwaitesi from locality 15CF (2n=8) (549), Lychas srilankensis from locality 15CN (2n=16) (550), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CS (2n=16) (551), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CR (2n=15) (552), Reddyanus ceylonensis from locality 15CI (2n=16) (553), Reddyanus loebli from locality 15CH (2n=17) (554). Arrowheads indicate extra large odd chromosomes. Scale bar = 5 µm for 547–554." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124765/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Fig. 547</figureCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FDB6F89C9D11FF63" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1997" box="[630,883,199,1890]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Lychas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="srilankensis">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FDB6F89C9D11FF63" box="[630,883,199,1890]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Lychas srilankensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA862FFE5FC4BFF109D8DFF63" box="[907,1007,199,222]" captionStart="Figures 547–554" captionStartId="114.[192,278,810,834]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,782]" captionTargetId="figure-538@114.[192,1440,192,781]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="Figures 547–554: The mitotic metaphases of buthid males from Sri Lanka. Buthoscorpio sarasinorum from locality 15CF (2n=14) (547), Charmus laneus from locality 15CO (2n=9) (548), Isometrus thwaitesi from locality 15CF (2n=8) (549), Lychas srilankensis from locality 15CN (2n=16) (550), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CS (2n=16) (551), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CR (2n=15) (552), Reddyanus ceylonensis from locality 15CI (2n=16) (553), Reddyanus loebli from locality 15CH (2n=17) (554). Arrowheads indicate extra large odd chromosomes. Scale bar = 5 µm for 547–554." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124765/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Fig. 550</figureCitation>
) (both with one extra larger pair of chromosomes) and 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FBD5FF319A85FF40" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1982" box="[1045,1255,230,253]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thwaitesi">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FBD5FF319A85FF40" box="[1045,1255,230,253]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Isometrus thwaitesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA862FFE5FB39FF319B34FF40" box="[1273,1366,230,253]" captionStart="Figures 547–554" captionStartId="114.[192,278,810,834]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,782]" captionTargetId="figure-538@114.[192,1440,192,781]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="Figures 547–554: The mitotic metaphases of buthid males from Sri Lanka. Buthoscorpio sarasinorum from locality 15CF (2n=14) (547), Charmus laneus from locality 15CO (2n=9) (548), Isometrus thwaitesi from locality 15CF (2n=8) (549), Lychas srilankensis from locality 15CN (2n=16) (550), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CS (2n=16) (551), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CR (2n=15) (552), Reddyanus ceylonensis from locality 15CI (2n=16) (553), Reddyanus loebli from locality 15CH (2n=17) (554). Arrowheads indicate extra large odd chromosomes. Scale bar = 5 µm for 547–554." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124765/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Fig. 549</figureCitation>
) (with one extra shorter pair of chromosomes). Moreover, heterozygous chromosomal rearrangements may also explain odd diploid numbers of chromosomes in karyotypes of 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FC02FEB79AFBFECA" authorityName=": Vachon" authorityYear="1982" box="[962,1177,352,375]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thwaitesi">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FC02FEB79AFBFECA" box="[962,1177,352,375]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Isometrus thwaitesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA862FFE5FB6EFEB79B70FECA" box="[1198,1298,352,375]" captionStart="Figures 547–554" captionStartId="114.[192,278,810,834]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,782]" captionTargetId="figure-538@114.[192,1440,192,781]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="Figures 547–554: The mitotic metaphases of buthid males from Sri Lanka. Buthoscorpio sarasinorum from locality 15CF (2n=14) (547), Charmus laneus from locality 15CO (2n=9) (548), Isometrus thwaitesi from locality 15CF (2n=8) (549), Lychas srilankensis from locality 15CN (2n=16) (550), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CS (2n=16) (551), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CR (2n=15) (552), Reddyanus ceylonensis from locality 15CI (2n=16) (553), Reddyanus loebli from locality 15CH (2n=17) (554). Arrowheads indicate extra large odd chromosomes. Scale bar = 5 µm for 547–554." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124765/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Fig. 549</figureCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FAEBFEB79D19FE2B" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Vachon" baseAuthorityYear="1982" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Reddyanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loebli">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FAEBFEB79D19FE2B" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Reddyanus loebli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA862FFE5FC4EFEA89D8CFE2B" box="[910,1006,383,406]" captionStart="Figures 547–554" captionStartId="114.[192,278,810,834]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,782]" captionTargetId="figure-538@114.[192,1440,192,781]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="Figures 547–554: The mitotic metaphases of buthid males from Sri Lanka. Buthoscorpio sarasinorum from locality 15CF (2n=14) (547), Charmus laneus from locality 15CO (2n=9) (548), Isometrus thwaitesi from locality 15CF (2n=8) (549), Lychas srilankensis from locality 15CN (2n=16) (550), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CS (2n=16) (551), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CR (2n=15) (552), Reddyanus ceylonensis from locality 15CI (2n=16) (553), Reddyanus loebli from locality 15CH (2n=17) (554). Arrowheads indicate extra large odd chromosomes. Scale bar = 5 µm for 547–554." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124765/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Fig. 554</figureCitation>
) and 
<specimenCount id="2EDEFD40A862FFE5FBF1FEA89AF4FE2B" box="[1073,1174,383,406]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
of 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FB01FEA89BC2FE2B" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Karsch" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[1217,1440,383,406]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Reddyanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basilicus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FB01FEA89BC2FE2B" box="[1217,1440,383,406]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Reddyanus basilicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA862FFE5FC86FE499DC4FE08" box="[838,934,414,437]" captionStart="Figures 547–554" captionStartId="114.[192,278,810,834]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,782]" captionTargetId="figure-538@114.[192,1440,192,781]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="Figures 547–554: The mitotic metaphases of buthid males from Sri Lanka. Buthoscorpio sarasinorum from locality 15CF (2n=14) (547), Charmus laneus from locality 15CO (2n=9) (548), Isometrus thwaitesi from locality 15CF (2n=8) (549), Lychas srilankensis from locality 15CN (2n=16) (550), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CS (2n=16) (551), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CR (2n=15) (552), Reddyanus ceylonensis from locality 15CI (2n=16) (553), Reddyanus loebli from locality 15CH (2n=17) (554). Arrowheads indicate extra large odd chromosomes. Scale bar = 5 µm for 547–554." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124765/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Fig. 552</figureCitation>
). In 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FC18FE499AD6FE08" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Karsch" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[984,1204,414,437]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Reddyanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basilicus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FC18FE499AD6FE08" box="[984,1204,414,437]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Reddyanus basilicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
we found 2n= 
<quantity id="FF209B2CA862FFE5FA95FE499BEEFE08" box="[1365,1420,414,437]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" unit="in" value="16.0">16 in</quantity>
a male from locality 15CS. In this case the chromosomes gradually decrease in size (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA862FFE5FBA5FE0C9AA0FE4F" box="[1125,1218,475,498]" captionStart="Figures 547–554" captionStartId="114.[192,278,810,834]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,782]" captionTargetId="figure-538@114.[192,1440,192,781]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="Figures 547–554: The mitotic metaphases of buthid males from Sri Lanka. Buthoscorpio sarasinorum from locality 15CF (2n=14) (547), Charmus laneus from locality 15CO (2n=9) (548), Isometrus thwaitesi from locality 15CF (2n=8) (549), Lychas srilankensis from locality 15CN (2n=16) (550), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CS (2n=16) (551), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CR (2n=15) (552), Reddyanus ceylonensis from locality 15CI (2n=16) (553), Reddyanus loebli from locality 15CH (2n=17) (554). Arrowheads indicate extra large odd chromosomes. Scale bar = 5 µm for 547–554." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124765/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Fig. 551</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="755A0372A862FFE5FB0EFE0C9B41FE4F" box="[1230,1315,475,498]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="110.[192,257,1863,1887]" captionTargetId="graphics-44@110.[373,1259,1447,1834]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Table 6: The diploid numbers and the relative size of the diploid set (in %) of chromosomes of Sri Lankan buthid scorpions." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6CA76641A879FFFEFF00F8909B1AF8E2" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" tableUuid="6CA76641A879FFFEFF00F8909B1AF8E2">Table 6</tableCitation>
). However, the male of 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FC04FE2D9A21FDAC" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Karsch" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[964,1091,506,529]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Reddyanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basilicus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FC04FE2D9A21FDAC" box="[964,1091,506,529]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">R. basilicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from locality 15CR has 2n=15, including one extra large chromosome (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA862FFE5FB36FDCF9B34FD92" box="[1270,1366,536,559]" captionStart="Figures 547–554" captionStartId="114.[192,278,810,834]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,782]" captionTargetId="figure-538@114.[192,1440,192,781]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="Figures 547–554: The mitotic metaphases of buthid males from Sri Lanka. Buthoscorpio sarasinorum from locality 15CF (2n=14) (547), Charmus laneus from locality 15CO (2n=9) (548), Isometrus thwaitesi from locality 15CF (2n=8) (549), Lychas srilankensis from locality 15CN (2n=16) (550), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CS (2n=16) (551), Reddyanus basilicus from locality 15CR (2n=15) (552), Reddyanus ceylonensis from locality 15CI (2n=16) (553), Reddyanus loebli from locality 15CH (2n=17) (554). Arrowheads indicate extra large odd chromosomes. Scale bar = 5 µm for 547–554." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124765/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Fig. 552</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="755A0372A862FFE5FAA3FDCF9D2CFDF3" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="110.[192,257,1863,1887]" captionTargetId="graphics-44@110.[373,1259,1447,1834]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Table 6: The diploid numbers and the relative size of the diploid set (in %) of chromosomes of Sri Lankan buthid scorpions." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6CA76641A879FFFEFF00F8909B1AF8E2" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" tableUuid="6CA76641A879FFFEFF00F8909B1AF8E2">Table 6</tableCitation>
). The intraspecific variability has also been documented in another 8 species from different genera in the family 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FC4CFDA39D8FFD36" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[908,1005,628,651]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buthidae</taxonomicName>
(see Schneider et al., 2016). Due to the intraspecific variability and high similarity of basic cytogenetic characteristics (such as number and size of chromosomes) it seems difficult to apply standard cytogenetic techniques to the taxonomy of buthid scorpions. In the future, application of more refined molecular cytogenetic techniques should lead to a better understanding of the organization of genome, which may be the key to detecting specific differences between closely related species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A862FFE5FC72FC1B9B4EFC5B" blockId="117.[946,1324,972,998]" box="[946,1324,972,998]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FC72FC1B9B4EFC5B" bold="true" box="[946,1324,972,998]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
Key to Scorpions of 
<collectingCountry id="40CF7659A862FFE5FB6EFC1B9B4EFC5B" box="[1198,1324,972,998]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="70C26542A862FFE6FCFEFBD99BFEF994" lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" type="key">
<key id="4C4961F8A862FFE6FCFEFBD99BFEF994" lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<keyStep id="832C2E6CA862FFE5FCFEFBD99BFEFBD9" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<paragraph id="386736C9A862FFE5FCFEFBD99BFDFBF8" blockId="117.[830,1440,1038,1124]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="832995FCA862FFE5FCFEFBD99BFDFBF8" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FCFEFBD99D30FB9B" bold="true" box="[830,850,1038,1062]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">1.</emphasis>
Pedipalp patella without ventral trichobothria. .......... 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FCFEFBFA9A04FBF8" ID-CoL="7GY" authority="C. L. Koch, 1837" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[830,1126,1069,1093]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FCFEFBFA9DC4FBF8" bold="true" box="[830,934,1069,1093]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Buthidae</emphasis>
C. L. Koch, 1837
</taxonomicName>
..……………………......... 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A862FFE5FCFEFB9A9BFEFBD9" blockId="117.[830,1440,1038,1124]" box="[830,1436,1101,1124]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="832995FCA862FFE5FCFEFB9A9BFEFBD9" box="[830,1436,1101,1124]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">– Pedipalp patella with three ventral trichobothria. ...... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="832C2E6CA862FFE5FCFEFB5E9BFCFA87" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<paragraph id="386736C9A862FFE5FCFEFB5E9BF9FB63" blockId="117.[830,1440,1161,1338]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="832995FCA862FFE5FCFEFB5E9BF9FB63" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FCFEFB5E9D30FB1C" bold="true" box="[830,850,1161,1185]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">2.</emphasis>
Adults 
<quantity id="FF209B2CA862FFE5FC71FB5D9A4BFB1C" box="[945,1065,1162,1185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="36.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="27.0">27–45 mm</quantity>
long. Pedipalp femur with 9 trichobothria, of which 4 are dorsal. ……....... 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FADBFB7F9DB0FB63" ID-CoL="7YD" authority="Pocock, 1893" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" class="Arachnida" family="Chaerilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FADBFB7F9BC2FB7D" bold="true" box="[1307,1440,1192,1216]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Chaerilidae</emphasis>
Pocock, 1893
</taxonomicName>
, …... 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FBD2FB119BF9FB63" ID-CoL="T9Z5" authority="Pocock, 1894" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1894" box="[1042,1435,1222,1246]" class="Arachnida" family="Chaerilidae" genus="Chaerilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FBD2FB119B61FB63" bold="true" box="[1042,1283,1222,1246]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Chaerilus ceylonensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A862FFE5FACAFB109BF9FB63" author="Pocock" box="[1290,1435,1223,1246]" firstAuthor="Pocock" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" pagination="72 - 84" part="6" refId="ref43722" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1894. A small contribution to our knowledge of the scorpions of India. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6 (13): 72 - 84." title="A small contribution to our knowledge of the scorpions of India" type="journal article" year="1894">Pocock, 1894</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A862FFE5FCFEFB319BFCFA87" blockId="117.[830,1440,1161,1338]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="832995FCA862FFE5FCFEFB319BFCFA87" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
– Adults 
<quantity id="FF209B2CA862FFE5FC66FB319A4BFB40" box="[934,1065,1254,1277]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.255" metricValueMax="1.76" metricValueMin="0.75" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="125.5" valueMax="176.0" valueMin="75.0">75–176 mm</quantity>
long. Pedipalp femur with 3 or 4 trichobothria, of which only one is dorsal ..................... 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FCFEFAF59A1AFA87" ID-CoL="G5G" authority="Latreille, 1802" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[830,1144,1314,1338]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FCFEFAF59DB6FA87" bold="true" box="[830,980,1314,1338]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Scorpionidae</emphasis>
Latreille, 1802
</taxonomicName>
....…………………...... 15
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="832C2E6CA862FFE5FCFEFAB79BFDFA6E" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<paragraph id="386736C9A862FFE5FCFEFAB79BF8FA2B" blockId="117.[830,1440,1376,1491]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="832995FCA862FFE5FCFEFAB79BF8FA2B" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FCFEFAB79D30FAC5" bold="true" box="[830,850,1376,1400]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">3.</emphasis>
Legs III and IV with well developed long tibial spurs (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA862FFE5FC86FAA89A74FA2B" box="[838,1046,1407,1430]" captionStart="Figures 193–200" captionStartId="48.[192,278,1070,1094]" captionTargetBox="[213,1446,171,1037]" captionTargetId="figure-11@48.[205,1452,168,1041]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Figures 193–200: Distal segments of leg IV, retroventral view of Sri Lankan Buthidae and Chaerilidae genera. Buthoscorpio sarasinorum, male from locality 15CF (193), Charmus laneus, male from locality 15CO (194), Hottentotta tamulus, male from locality 15CK (195), Isometrus maculatus, female from locality 15CI (196), Isometrus thwaitesi, female from locality 15CO (197), Lychas srilankensis, male from locality 15CJ (198), Reddyanus basilicus, male from locality 15CS (199), and Chaerilus ceylonensis, male from locality 15CD (200)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124608/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Figs. 193–195, 198</figureCitation>
) .....……………………................ 4
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A862FFE5FCFEFA499BFDFA6E" blockId="117.[830,1440,1376,1491]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="832995FCA862FFE5FCFEFA499BFDFA6E" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
– Legs III and IV without tibial spurs (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA862FFE5FB3BFA499D05FA6E" captionStart="Figures 193–200" captionStartId="48.[192,278,1070,1094]" captionTargetBox="[213,1446,171,1037]" captionTargetId="figure-11@48.[205,1452,168,1041]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Figures 193–200: Distal segments of leg IV, retroventral view of Sri Lankan Buthidae and Chaerilidae genera. Buthoscorpio sarasinorum, male from locality 15CF (193), Charmus laneus, male from locality 15CO (194), Hottentotta tamulus, male from locality 15CK (195), Isometrus maculatus, female from locality 15CI (196), Isometrus thwaitesi, female from locality 15CO (197), Lychas srilankensis, male from locality 15CJ (198), Reddyanus basilicus, male from locality 15CS (199), and Chaerilus ceylonensis, male from locality 15CD (200)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124608/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Figs. 196–197, 199</figureCitation>
) .......…………………............................................. 8
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="832C2E6CA862FFE5FCFEFA2E9BC2F9F3" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<paragraph id="386736C9A862FFE5FCFEFA2E9BFCF992" blockId="117.[830,1440,1529,1614]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="832995FCA862FFE5FCFEFA2E9BFCF992" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FCFEFA2E9D30F9AC" bold="true" box="[830,850,1529,1553]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">4.</emphasis>
Telson with a distinct subaculear tooth (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA862FFE5FAE9FA2D9D08F992" captionStart="Figures 403–429" captionStartId="85.[192,278,744,768]" captionTargetId="figure-11@84.[172,1464,185,1878]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figures 403–429: Telson, lateral view of Sri Lankan Buthidae and Chaerilidae species. Figures 403–404. Isometrus maculatus, male from locality 15CP (403) and female from locality 15CI (404). Figures 405–406. I. thwaitesi, male from locality 15CH (405) and female from locality 15CO (406). Figures 407–408. Lychas srilankensis, male (407) and female (408) from locality 15CJ. Figures 409–410. Reddyanus basilicus, male (409) and female (410) from locality 15CR. Figures 411–412. R. besucheti, male holotype (411) and female from locality 15CG (412). Figures 413–414. R. ceylonensis sp. n., male holotype (413) and female paratype (414) from locality 15CI. Figures 415–416. R. jayarathnei sp. n., male (415) and female (416) paratypes. Figures 417–418. R. loebli, male (417) and female (418) from locality 15CG. Figures 419–420. R. ranawanai sp. n., male holotype (419) and female paratype (420). Figures 421–422: Buthoscorpio sarasinorum, male from locality 15CF (421) and female from locality 15CG (422). Figures 423–424. Charmus laneus, male (423) and female (424) from locality 15CO. Figures 425–426. Charmus saradieli sp. n. male paratype (425) (MHNG) and female holotype (426). Figurs 427. Hottentotta tamulus, male from locality 15CK (427). Figures 428–429. Chaerilus ceylonensis, male (428) and female (429) from locality 15CD." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124696/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Figs. 407– 408</figureCitation>
). ..........…........ 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA862FFE5FBD6F9C09BFCF992" authority="Lourenco, 1997" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1997" box="[1046,1438,1559,1583]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Lychas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="srilankensis">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FBD6F9C09A8DF992" bold="true" box="[1046,1263,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Lychas srilankensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A862FFE5FB36F9CF9BFCF992" author="Lourenco" box="[1270,1438,1560,1583]" firstAuthor="Lourenco" pageId="117" pageNumber="116" pagination="831 - 836" refId="ref42593" refString="LOURENCO, W. R. 1997. A new species of Lychas Koch, 1845 (Chelicerata, Scorpiones, Buthidae) from Sri Lanka. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 104 (4): 831 - 836." type="journal article" year="1997">Lourenço, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A862FFE5FCFEF9E09BC2F9F3" blockId="117.[830,1440,1529,1614]" box="[830,1440,1591,1614]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="832995FCA862FFE5FCFEF9E09BC2F9F3" box="[830,1440,1591,1614]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
– Telson without subaculear tooth (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA862FFE5FB78F9E09B29F9F3" box="[1208,1355,1591,1614]" captionStart="Figures 403–429" captionStartId="85.[192,278,744,768]" captionTargetId="figure-11@84.[172,1464,185,1878]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figures 403–429: Telson, lateral view of Sri Lankan Buthidae and Chaerilidae species. Figures 403–404. Isometrus maculatus, male from locality 15CP (403) and female from locality 15CI (404). Figures 405–406. I. thwaitesi, male from locality 15CH (405) and female from locality 15CO (406). Figures 407–408. Lychas srilankensis, male (407) and female (408) from locality 15CJ. Figures 409–410. Reddyanus basilicus, male (409) and female (410) from locality 15CR. Figures 411–412. R. besucheti, male holotype (411) and female from locality 15CG (412). Figures 413–414. R. ceylonensis sp. n., male holotype (413) and female paratype (414) from locality 15CI. Figures 415–416. R. jayarathnei sp. n., male (415) and female (416) paratypes. Figures 417–418. R. loebli, male (417) and female (418) from locality 15CG. Figures 419–420. R. ranawanai sp. n., male holotype (419) and female paratype (420). Figures 421–422: Buthoscorpio sarasinorum, male from locality 15CF (421) and female from locality 15CG (422). Figures 423–424. Charmus laneus, male (423) and female (424) from locality 15CO. Figures 425–426. Charmus saradieli sp. n. male paratype (425) (MHNG) and female holotype (426). Figurs 427. Hottentotta tamulus, male from locality 15CK (427). Figures 428–429. Chaerilus ceylonensis, male (428) and female (429) from locality 15CD." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124696/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Fig. 421–427</figureCitation>
). ....... 5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="832C2E6CA862FFE6FCFEF9A39D7DFF40" lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<paragraph id="386736C9A862FFE5FCFEF9A39BC2F8BB" blockId="117.[830,1441,1652,1890]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="832995FCA862FFE5FCFEF9A39BC2F8BB" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA862FFE5FCFEF9A39D31F931" bold="true" box="[830,851,1652,1676]" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">5.</emphasis>
Metasomal segments IV–V punctate without developed carinae (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA862FFE5FC1FF9449A06F917" box="[991,1124,1683,1706]" captionStart="Figures 24–29" captionStartId="10.[192,278,1378,1402]" captionTargetBox="[199,1433,201,1332]" captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[192,1439,192,1349]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 24–29: Buthoscorpio sarasinorum. Figures 24–26. Male from locality 15CF, metasoma and telson, lateral (24), ventral (25), and dorsal (26) views. Figures 27–29. Female from locality 15CG, metasoma and telson, lateral (27), ventral (28), and dorsal (29) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124487/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Figs. 24–29</figureCitation>
). Dentate margin of pedipalp chela movable finger with distinct granules divided into 8–11 linear rows, apical rows of 3–6 granules, and 3 terminal granules (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA862FFE5FBC7F9389AE9F8BB" box="[1031,1163,1775,1798]" captionStart="Figures 39–46" captionStartId="13.[192,278,946,970]" captionTargetBox="[196,1427,173,927]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[192,1439,168,933]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 39–46: Chela of pedipalps (39–45) and movable finger of chela (46). Figures 39–40. Buthoscorpio sarasinorum, male from locality 15CF (39) and female from locality 15CG (40). Figures 41–43. Charmus laneus, male (41) and female (42) from locality 15CO, and female holotype (43). Figure 44. Charmus saradieli, sp. n., female holotype. Figures 45–46. Hottentotta tamulus, male from locality 15CK." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124493" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124493/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Figs. 39–44</figureCitation>
). ...……......................... 6
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A862FFE6FCFEF8D99D7DFF40" blockId="117.[830,1441,1652,1890]" lastBlockId="118.[192,801,199,253]" lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="832995FCA862FFE6FCFEF8D99D7DFF40" lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">
– Metasomal segments IV–V not punctate with well developed carinae (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA862FFE5FBD9F8FB9ADEF8FE" box="[1049,1212,1836,1859]" captionStart="Figures 120–124" captionStartId="30.[192,278,1373,1397]" captionTargetBox="[203,1438,175,1344]" captionTargetId="figure-63@30.[192,1439,161,1344]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figures 120–124: Hottentotta tamulus, male from locality 15CK, dorsal (120) and ventral (121) views, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–III (122), sternopectinal region and sternites III–IV (123), and telson lateral (124)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124547/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="116">Figs. 120–121</figureCitation>
). Dentate margin of pedipalp chela movable finger with distinct granules divided into 13–15 linear rows and 5–6 terminal granules (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FF3BFF319F29FF40" box="[251,331,230,253]" captionStart="Figures 39–46" captionStartId="13.[192,278,946,970]" captionTargetBox="[196,1427,173,927]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[192,1439,168,933]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 39–46: Chela of pedipalps (39–45) and movable finger of chela (46). Figures 39–40. Buthoscorpio sarasinorum, male from locality 15CF (39) and female from locality 15CG (40). Figures 41–43. Charmus laneus, male (41) and female (42) from locality 15CO, and female holotype (43). Figure 44. Charmus saradieli, sp. n., female holotype. Figures 45–46. Hottentotta tamulus, male from locality 15CK." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124493" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124493/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
). ..... 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA861FFE6FE44FF329D7DFF40" ID-CoL="3MQYK" authority="(Fabricius, 1798)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[388,799,229,253]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Hottentotta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamulus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FE44FF329C02FF40" bold="true" box="[388,608,229,253]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Hottentotta tamulus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A861FFE6FDAEFF319D77FF40" author="FABRICIUS, J. CH." bookContentInfo="572 pp." box="[622,789,230,253]" journalOrPublisher="Supplementum. Hafniae: Apud Proft et Storch" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" refId="ref40759" refString="FABRICIUS, J. CH. 1798. Entomologiae Systematicae. Supplementum. Hafniae: Apud Proft et Storch, 572 pp." title="Entomologiae Systematicae" type="book" year="1798">Fabricius, 1798</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="832C2E6CA861FFE6FF00FEFF9D42FE06" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FF00FEFF9D42FEC0" blockId="118.[192,802,296,443]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FF00FEFF9D42FEC0" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FF00FEFF9EB7FEFD" bold="true" box="[192,213,296,320]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">6.</emphasis>
Adults 
<quantity id="FF209B2CA861FFE6FEEBFEFE9FFDFEFD" box="[299,415,297,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="38.5" valueMax="52.0" valueMin="25.0">25–52 mm</quantity>
long. Pedipalps, metasoma and telson glabrous (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FEA0FE9F9F85FEE2" box="[352,487,328,351]" captionStart="Figures 24–29" captionStartId="10.[192,278,1378,1402]" captionTargetBox="[199,1433,201,1332]" captionTargetId="figure-11@10.[192,1439,192,1349]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 24–29: Buthoscorpio sarasinorum. Figures 24–26. Male from locality 15CF, metasoma and telson, lateral (24), ventral (25), and dorsal (26) views. Figures 27–29. Female from locality 15CG, metasoma and telson, lateral (27), ventral (28), and dorsal (29) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124487/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Figs. 24–29</figureCitation>
). ..………….......................... ……...…….. 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA861FFE6FE93FEB29D42FEC0" ID-CoL="NYY8" authority="(Karsch, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Karsch" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[339,800,357,382]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthoscorpio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarasinorum">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FE93FEB29C1AFEC3" bold="true" box="[339,632,357,382]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Buthoscorpio sarasinorum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A861FFE6FD47FEB19D7BFEC0" author="Karsch" box="[647,793,358,381]" firstAuthor="Karsch" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" pagination="267 - 310" refId="ref41446" refString="KARSCH, F. 1892. Arachniden von Ceylon und von Minikoy, gesammelt von den Herren Doctoren P. und F. Sarasin. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 36 (1891): 267 - 310." type="journal article" year="1892">Karsch, 1892</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FF00FE529D42FE06" blockId="118.[192,802,296,443]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FF00FE529D42FE06" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
– Adults 
<quantity id="FF209B2CA861FFE6FEE6FE529FF9FE21" box="[294,411,389,412]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="12.0">12–25 mm</quantity>
long. Pedipalps, metasoma and telson densely hirsute (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FE5BFE739C79FE06" box="[411,539,420,443]" captionStart="Figures 71–73" captionStartId="20.[192,278,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,167,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-69@20.[192,1439,168,1842]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figures 71–73: Metasoma and telson of Charmus laneus male from locality 15CO, showing granulation, punctuation, setation and color pattern in dorsal (71), lateral (72) and ventral (73) views. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124513/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Figs. 71–73</figureCitation>
)..……………............ 7
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="832C2E6CA861FFE6FF00FE309D7EFCAF" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FF00FE309D7DFDC4" blockId="118.[192,802,487,787]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FF00FE309D7DFDC4" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FF00FE309EB6FE42" bold="true" box="[192,212,487,511]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">7.</emphasis>
Pedipalp patella yellowish with several black spots (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FF07FDD19F0AFDA0" box="[199,360,518,541]" captionStart="Figures 107–119" captionStartId="27.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[211,1428,190,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-6@27.[192,1439,181,1704]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figures 107–119: Charmus. Figures 107–114. Charmus saradieli sp. n., female holotype. Pedipalp movable finger (107). Pedipalp chela, dorsal (108), external (109), and ventral (110) views. Pedipalp patella, dorsal (111) and external (112) views. Pedipalp femur and trochanter, internal (113) and dorsal (114) views. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 108a– 114a. Figures 115–117. Charmus saradieli sp. n., male paratype (MHNG), chelicerae (115), pedipalp dorsal (116), and fourth leg dorsal (117). Figures 118–119. Charmus laneus from locality 15CO. Pedipalp dorsal of male (118) and female (119)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124543/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Figs. 118–119</figureCitation>
); metasomal segment V length/ width ratio is 1.28–1.43 in female (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FDD2FDF29C06FD81" box="[530,612,549,572]" captionStart="Figures 80–84" captionStartId="22.[192,278,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[206,1423,177,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-11@22.[192,1439,168,1504]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figures 80–84: Comparing Sri Lankan Charmus female metasomas. Figures 80–82. Female holotype of Charmus laneus, metasoma and telson, lateral (80), ventral (81), and dorsal (82) views. Figures 83. Female of Charmus laneus from locality 15CO, metasoma and telson dorsal. Figures 84. Female holotype of Charmus saradieli sp. n. (MHNG) metasoma and telson dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124523/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 83</figureCitation>
); pedipalp chela length/ fixed finger length ratio is 1.69–1.79 in female (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FF07FDB59F29FDC4" box="[199,331,610,633]" captionStart="Figures 39–46" captionStartId="13.[192,278,946,970]" captionTargetBox="[196,1427,173,927]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[192,1439,168,933]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 39–46: Chela of pedipalps (39–45) and movable finger of chela (46). Figures 39–40. Buthoscorpio sarasinorum, male from locality 15CF (39) and female from locality 15CG (40). Figures 41–43. Charmus laneus, male (41) and female (42) from locality 15CO, and female holotype (43). Figure 44. Charmus saradieli, sp. n., female holotype. Figures 45–46. Hottentotta tamulus, male from locality 15CK." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124493" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124493/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Figs. 42–43</figureCitation>
)..……….... 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA861FFE6FE15FDB69D7DFDC4" ID-CoL="69PQ4" authority="Karsch, 1879" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1879" box="[469,799,609,633]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Charmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laneus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FE15FDB69CE9FDC4" bold="true" box="[469,651,609,633]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Charmus laneus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A861FFE6FD51FDB59D7DFDC4" author="Karsch" box="[657,799,610,633]" firstAuthor="Karsch" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" pagination="97 - 136" refId="ref41417" refString="KARSCH, F. 1879. Skorpionologische Beitrage I. and II. Mitteilungen des Munchener Entomologischen Vereins, 3: 6 - 22, 97 - 136." type="journal article" year="1879">Karsch, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FF00FD569D7EFCAF" blockId="118.[192,802,487,787]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FF00FD569D7EFCAF" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
– Pedipalp patella black with several little yellow spots (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FF08FD489F06FD0B" box="[200,356,671,694]" captionStart="Figures 107–119" captionStartId="27.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[211,1428,190,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-6@27.[192,1439,181,1704]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figures 107–119: Charmus. Figures 107–114. Charmus saradieli sp. n., female holotype. Pedipalp movable finger (107). Pedipalp chela, dorsal (108), external (109), and ventral (110) views. Pedipalp patella, dorsal (111) and external (112) views. Pedipalp femur and trochanter, internal (113) and dorsal (114) views. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 108a– 114a. Figures 115–117. Charmus saradieli sp. n., male paratype (MHNG), chelicerae (115), pedipalp dorsal (116), and fourth leg dorsal (117). Figures 118–119. Charmus laneus from locality 15CO. Pedipalp dorsal of male (118) and female (119)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124543/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Figs. 111, 116</figureCitation>
); metasomal segment length/ width ratio is 1.80 in female (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FE49FD699FBBFD68" box="[393,473,702,725]" captionStart="Figures 80–84" captionStartId="22.[192,278,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[206,1423,177,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-11@22.[192,1439,168,1504]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figures 80–84: Comparing Sri Lankan Charmus female metasomas. Figures 80–82. Female holotype of Charmus laneus, metasoma and telson, lateral (80), ventral (81), and dorsal (82) views. Figures 83. Female of Charmus laneus from locality 15CO, metasoma and telson dorsal. Figures 84. Female holotype of Charmus saradieli sp. n. (MHNG) metasoma and telson dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124523/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 84</figureCitation>
); pedipalp chela length/ fixed finger length ratio is 1.45 in female (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FD9CFD0A9CCFFD49" box="[604,685,733,756]" captionStart="Figures 39–46" captionStartId="13.[192,278,946,970]" captionTargetBox="[196,1427,173,927]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[192,1439,168,933]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 39–46: Chela of pedipalps (39–45) and movable finger of chela (46). Figures 39–40. Buthoscorpio sarasinorum, male from locality 15CF (39) and female from locality 15CG (40). Figures 41–43. Charmus laneus, male (41) and female (42) from locality 15CO, and female holotype (43). Figure 44. Charmus saradieli, sp. n., female holotype. Figures 45–46. Hottentotta tamulus, male from locality 15CK." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124493" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124493/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
). .............. ……………………………..... 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA861FFE6FDCDFD2D9CBBFCAF" ID-CoL="TPB2" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š, 2016" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š" authorityYear="2016" box="[525,729,762,786]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Charmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saradieli" status="sp. nov.">Charmus saradieli</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="119F57A0A861FFE6FD20FD2C9D7EFCAF" box="[736,796,763,787]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" rank="species">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FD20FD2C9C9BFCAE" bold="true" box="[736,761,763,787]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FCC6FD2C9D77FCAE" bold="true" box="[774,789,763,787]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="832C2E6CA861FFE6FF00FCE99D79FB35" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FF00FCE99D7EFC6D" blockId="118.[192,802,830,1161]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FF00FCE99D7EFC6D" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FF00FCE99EB7FCEB" bold="true" box="[192,213,830,854]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">8.</emphasis>
Chelal trichobothrium 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FE18FCE89F91FCEB" box="[472,499,831,854]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">db</emphasis>
located between 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FD78FCE89CAFFCEB" box="[696,717,831,854]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">dt</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FCC8FCE89D79FCEB" box="[776,795,831,854]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">et</emphasis>
. Fixed fingers of pedipalps with six rows of granules and six external and internal granules (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FDADFCAB9D70FC2E" box="[621,786,892,915]" captionStart="Figures 241–259" captionStartId="52.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[238,1387,153,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-11@52.[234,1392,152,1704]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figures 241–259: Pedipalp chela dorsal (241), movable finger (242–250), and fixed finger (251–259) of Sri Lankan Isometrus, Lychas, and Reddyanus species. Figures 241–242, 252. Isometrus maculatus, female from locality 15CO (241) and male from locality 15CP (242, 252). Figures 243–244, 253. I. thwaitesi, male from locality 15CH (243) and female from locality 15CO (244, 253). Figures 245, 254. Reddyanus basilicus, male from locality 15CS. Figures 246, 255. R. besucheti, male from locality 15CD. Figures 247, 256. R. ceylonensis sp. n., male holotype. Figures 248, 257. R. jayarathnei sp. n., male paratype. Figures 249, 258. R. loebli, male from locality 15CG. Figures 250, 259. R. ranawanai sp. n., male holotype. Figure 251. Lychas srilankensis, male from locality 15CO." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124626/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Figs. 252–253</figureCitation>
). Tarsomeres II of leg IV with two rows of dense setae (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FF09FC6E9F01FC6D" box="[201,355,953,976]" captionStart="Figures 193–200" captionStartId="48.[192,278,1070,1094]" captionTargetBox="[213,1446,171,1037]" captionTargetId="figure-11@48.[205,1452,168,1041]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Figures 193–200: Distal segments of leg IV, retroventral view of Sri Lankan Buthidae and Chaerilidae genera. Buthoscorpio sarasinorum, male from locality 15CF (193), Charmus laneus, male from locality 15CO (194), Hottentotta tamulus, male from locality 15CK (195), Isometrus maculatus, female from locality 15CI (196), Isometrus thwaitesi, female from locality 15CO (197), Lychas srilankensis, male from locality 15CJ (198), Reddyanus basilicus, male from locality 15CS (199), and Chaerilus ceylonensis, male from locality 15CD (200)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124608/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Figs. 196–197</figureCitation>
). ........ 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA861FFE6FE74FC6E9CB8FC6D" ID-CoL="55JF" authority="Ehrenberg, 1828" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" box="[436,730,953,976]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FE74FC6E9C40FC6D" bold="true" box="[436,546,953,976]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Isometrus</emphasis>
Ehrenberg, 1828
</taxonomicName>
….. 9
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FF00FC0F9D79FB35" blockId="118.[192,802,830,1161]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FF00FC0F9D79FB35" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
– Chelal trichobothrium 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FE13FC0F9F8CFC52" box="[467,494,984,1007]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">db</emphasis>
located between 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FD75FC0F9CAAFC52" box="[693,712,984,1007]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">et</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FCC4FC0F9D40FC52" box="[772,802,984,1007]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">est</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FF09FC209F40FBB3" box="[201,290,1015,1038]" captionStart="Figures 319–326" captionStartId="67.[192,278,865,889]" captionTargetBox="[194,1429,176,822]" captionTargetId="figure-6@67.[192,1439,168,836]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="Figures 319–326: Reddyanus ceylonensis sp. n. from locality 15CI. Figures 319. Female partatype, pedipalp chela, dorsal view. Figures 320–326. Male holotype. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (320), external (321) and ventral (322) views. Pedipalp patella, dorsal (323) and external (324) views. Pedipalp femur and trochanter internal (325) and dorsal (326) views. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 320–326." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124655" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124655/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 321</figureCitation>
). Fixed fingers of pedipalps with seven rows of granules and six external and seven internal granules (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FF09FBE39F07FBF6" box="[201,357,1076,1099]" captionStart="Figures 241–259" captionStartId="52.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[238,1387,153,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-11@52.[234,1392,152,1704]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figures 241–259: Pedipalp chela dorsal (241), movable finger (242–250), and fixed finger (251–259) of Sri Lankan Isometrus, Lychas, and Reddyanus species. Figures 241–242, 252. Isometrus maculatus, female from locality 15CO (241) and male from locality 15CP (242, 252). Figures 243–244, 253. I. thwaitesi, male from locality 15CH (243) and female from locality 15CO (244, 253). Figures 245, 254. Reddyanus basilicus, male from locality 15CS. Figures 246, 255. R. besucheti, male from locality 15CD. Figures 247, 256. R. ceylonensis sp. n., male holotype. Figures 248, 257. R. jayarathnei sp. n., male paratype. Figures 249, 258. R. loebli, male from locality 15CG. Figures 250, 259. R. ranawanai sp. n., male holotype. Figure 251. Lychas srilankensis, male from locality 15CO." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124626/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Figs. 254–259</figureCitation>
). Tarsomeres II of leg IV with two rows of no more than 20 spiniform setae (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FDB0FB849CB9FBD7" box="[624,731,1107,1130]" captionStart="Figures 193–200" captionStartId="48.[192,278,1070,1094]" captionTargetBox="[213,1446,171,1037]" captionTargetId="figure-11@48.[205,1452,168,1041]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Figures 193–200: Distal segments of leg IV, retroventral view of Sri Lankan Buthidae and Chaerilidae genera. Buthoscorpio sarasinorum, male from locality 15CF (193), Charmus laneus, male from locality 15CO (194), Hottentotta tamulus, male from locality 15CK (195), Isometrus maculatus, female from locality 15CI (196), Isometrus thwaitesi, female from locality 15CO (197), Lychas srilankensis, male from locality 15CJ (198), Reddyanus basilicus, male from locality 15CS (199), and Chaerilus ceylonensis, male from locality 15CD (200)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124608/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Figs. 199</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FD2CFB849E8EFB35" captionStart="Figures 201–208" captionStartId="49.[192,278,1057,1081]" captionTargetBox="[204,1438,173,1022]" captionTargetId="figure-6@49.[192,1439,168,1028]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figures 201–208: Distal segments of legs, retroventral view of Sri Lankan Reddyanus. Figures 201–204. R. ceylonensis sp. n., male holotype from locality 15CI, legs I–IV. Figures 205–208. Leg IV. R. besucheti, male from locality 15CD (205), R. jayarathnei sp. n., male paratype (206), R. loebli, male from locality 15CG (207), and R. ranawanai sp. n., male holotype (208)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124612/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">201– 208</figureCitation>
). ............ 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA861FFE6FE95FBA79C08FB35" ID-CoL="77FW" authority="Vachon, 1972" authorityName="Vachon" authorityYear="1972" box="[341,618,1136,1160]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Reddyanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FE95FBA79FADFB35" bold="true" box="[341,463,1136,1160]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Reddyanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A861FFE6FE15FBA69C08FB35" author="Vachon" box="[469,618,1137,1160]" firstAuthor="Vachon" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers Pacifique" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" pagination="169 - 180" part="16" refId="ref45078" refString="VACHON, M. 1972. Remarques sur les scorpions appartenant au genre Isometrus H. et E. (Buthidae) a propos de l`espece Isometrus maculatus (Geer) habitant Ile de Paques. Cahiers Pacifique, 16: 169 - 180." title="Remarques sur les scorpions appartenant au genre Isometrus H. et E. (Buthidae) a propos de l`espece Isometrus maculatus (Geer) habitant Ile de Paques" type="journal article" year="1972">Vachon, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FDB1FBA69CF8FB34" bold="true" box="[625,666,1137,1161]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">stat</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FD68FBA69CD5FB34" bold="true" box="[680,695,1137,1161]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">n</emphasis>
. ….... 10
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="832C2E6CA861FFE6FF00FB639D7CFA5D" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FF00FB639D7DFAFB" blockId="118.[192,802,1204,1504]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FF00FB639D7DFAFB" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FF00FB639EB7FB71" bold="true" box="[192,213,1204,1228]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">9.</emphasis>
First (basal) middle lamella of pectine in both sexes rounded (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FEE6FB049FE3FB57" box="[294,385,1235,1258]" captionStart="Figures 555–570" captionStartId="115.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[233,1393,170,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-151@115.[234,1392,171,1704]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figures 555–570: Key characters for distinguishing males of Sri Lankan Isometrus and Reddyanus. Figures 555–556, 565– 566. Pedipalp chela dorsal view, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (555), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (556), R. basilicus, holotype (565), and R. besucheti, holotype (566). Figures 557–558. Sternopectinal area, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (557), and I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (558). Figures 559–560, 567–570. Sternite V, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (559), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (560), R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (567), R. ceylonensis sp. n., holotype (568), R. jayarathnei sp. n., paratype (569), and R. ranawanai sp. n., paratype (570). Figures 561–564. Metasomal segment II lateral (561–562) and pedipalp patella dorsal (563–564), R. loebli from locality 15CG (561, 563) and R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (562, 564)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124767/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 558</figureCitation>
). Fingers and manus of pedipalp chela the same color, spotted (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FE13FB259C57FAB4" box="[467,565,1266,1289]" captionStart="Figures 555–570" captionStartId="115.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[233,1393,170,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-151@115.[234,1392,171,1704]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figures 555–570: Key characters for distinguishing males of Sri Lankan Isometrus and Reddyanus. Figures 555–556, 565– 566. Pedipalp chela dorsal view, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (555), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (556), R. basilicus, holotype (565), and R. besucheti, holotype (566). Figures 557–558. Sternopectinal area, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (557), and I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (558). Figures 559–560, 567–570. Sternite V, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (559), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (560), R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (567), R. ceylonensis sp. n., holotype (568), R. jayarathnei sp. n., paratype (569), and R. ranawanai sp. n., paratype (570). Figures 561–564. Metasomal segment II lateral (561–562) and pedipalp patella dorsal (563–564), R. loebli from locality 15CG (561, 563) and R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (562, 564)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124767/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 556</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of sternite V strongly convex medially (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FDAAFAC69CAEFA95" box="[618,716,1297,1320]" captionStart="Figures 555–570" captionStartId="115.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[233,1393,170,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-151@115.[234,1392,171,1704]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figures 555–570: Key characters for distinguishing males of Sri Lankan Isometrus and Reddyanus. Figures 555–556, 565– 566. Pedipalp chela dorsal view, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (555), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (556), R. basilicus, holotype (565), and R. besucheti, holotype (566). Figures 557–558. Sternopectinal area, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (557), and I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (558). Figures 559–560, 567–570. Sternite V, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (559), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (560), R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (567), R. ceylonensis sp. n., holotype (568), R. jayarathnei sp. n., paratype (569), and R. ranawanai sp. n., paratype (570). Figures 561–564. Metasomal segment II lateral (561–562) and pedipalp patella dorsal (563–564), R. loebli from locality 15CG (561, 563) and R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (562, 564)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124767/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 560</figureCitation>
) …….. ….....………................……… 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA861FFE6FDCDFAF89D7DFAFB" ID-CoL="6MZ76" authority="Pocock, 1897" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1897" box="[525,799,1326,1350]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thwaitesi">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FDCDFAF89CE5FAFB" box="[525,647,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FDCDFAF89C75FAFB" bold="true" box="[525,535,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">I</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FDE5FAF99CE5FAFB" bold="true" box="[549,647,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">thwaitesi</emphasis>
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A861FFE6FD4DFAF89D7DFAFB" author="Pocock" box="[653,799,1327,1350]" firstAuthor="Pocock" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" pagination="102 - 117" part="11" refId="ref43758" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1897. Descriptions of some new species of scorpions from India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 11: 102 - 117." title="Descriptions of some new species of scorpions from India" type="journal article" year="1897">Pocock, 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FF00FA999D7CFA5D" blockId="118.[192,802,1204,1504]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FF00FA999D7CFA5D" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
– First (basal) middle lamella of pectine in both sexes quadrangular (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FE9DFABA9FDEFA39" box="[349,444,1389,1412]" captionStart="Figures 555–570" captionStartId="115.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[233,1393,170,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-151@115.[234,1392,171,1704]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figures 555–570: Key characters for distinguishing males of Sri Lankan Isometrus and Reddyanus. Figures 555–556, 565– 566. Pedipalp chela dorsal view, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (555), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (556), R. basilicus, holotype (565), and R. besucheti, holotype (566). Figures 557–558. Sternopectinal area, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (557), and I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (558). Figures 559–560, 567–570. Sternite V, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (559), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (560), R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (567), R. ceylonensis sp. n., holotype (568), R. jayarathnei sp. n., paratype (569), and R. ranawanai sp. n., paratype (570). Figures 561–564. Metasomal segment II lateral (561–562) and pedipalp patella dorsal (563–564), R. loebli from locality 15CG (561, 563) and R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (562, 564)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124767/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 557</figureCitation>
). Manus of pedipalp yellow with several spots, fingers dark (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FE34FA5C9C37FA1F" box="[500,597,1419,1442]" captionStart="Figures 555–570" captionStartId="115.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[233,1393,170,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-151@115.[234,1392,171,1704]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figures 555–570: Key characters for distinguishing males of Sri Lankan Isometrus and Reddyanus. Figures 555–556, 565– 566. Pedipalp chela dorsal view, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (555), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (556), R. basilicus, holotype (565), and R. besucheti, holotype (566). Figures 557–558. Sternopectinal area, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (557), and I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (558). Figures 559–560, 567–570. Sternite V, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (559), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (560), R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (567), R. ceylonensis sp. n., holotype (568), R. jayarathnei sp. n., paratype (569), and R. ranawanai sp. n., paratype (570). Figures 561–564. Metasomal segment II lateral (561–562) and pedipalp patella dorsal (563–564), R. loebli from locality 15CG (561, 563) and R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (562, 564)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124767/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 555</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of sternite V almost straight to very slightly convex medially (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FEECFA1E9FE8FA5D" box="[300,394,1481,1504]" captionStart="Figures 555–570" captionStartId="115.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[233,1393,170,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-151@115.[234,1392,171,1704]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figures 555–570: Key characters for distinguishing males of Sri Lankan Isometrus and Reddyanus. Figures 555–556, 565– 566. Pedipalp chela dorsal view, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (555), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (556), R. basilicus, holotype (565), and R. besucheti, holotype (566). Figures 557–558. Sternopectinal area, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (557), and I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (558). Figures 559–560, 567–570. Sternite V, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (559), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (560), R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (567), R. ceylonensis sp. n., holotype (568), R. jayarathnei sp. n., paratype (569), and R. ranawanai sp. n., paratype (570). Figures 561–564. Metasomal segment II lateral (561–562) and pedipalp patella dorsal (563–564), R. loebli from locality 15CG (561, 563) and R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (562, 564)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124767/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 559</figureCitation>
). …..... 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA861FFE6FE1FFA1F9D7CFA5D" ID-CoL="6MZ6V" authority="(De Geer, 1778)" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[479,798,1480,1504]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FE1FFA1F9C0AFA5D" box="[479,616,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FE1FFA1F9F8BFA62" bold="true" box="[479,489,1480,1503]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">I</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FE36FA1F9C0AFA5D" bold="true" box="[502,616,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">maculatus</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A861FFE6FDB7FA1E9D74FA5D" author="De Geer" box="[631,790,1481,1504]" firstAuthor="De Geer" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" refId="ref41067" refString="GEER, C. DE. 1778. Memoires pour servir a l`histoire des Insectes (tomus 1 - 7. 1752 - 1778). Stockholm: Pierre Hesselberg, 456 pp." type="book" year="1778">De Geer, 1778</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="832C2E6CA861FFE6FF00F9DA9D79F8EA" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FF00F9DA9D79F903" blockId="118.[192,802,1549,1879]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FF00F9DA9D79F903" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FF00F9DA9E83F998" bold="true" box="[192,225,1549,1573]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">10.</emphasis>
Terminal tubercle of dorsal carina on second and third metasomal segment of male markedly enlarged (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FF08F99C9F49F9DF" box="[200,299,1611,1634]" captionStart="Figures 555–570" captionStartId="115.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[233,1393,170,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-151@115.[234,1392,171,1704]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figures 555–570: Key characters for distinguishing males of Sri Lankan Isometrus and Reddyanus. Figures 555–556, 565– 566. Pedipalp chela dorsal view, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (555), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (556), R. basilicus, holotype (565), and R. besucheti, holotype (566). Figures 557–558. Sternopectinal area, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (557), and I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (558). Figures 559–560, 567–570. Sternite V, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (559), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (560), R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (567), R. ceylonensis sp. n., holotype (568), R. jayarathnei sp. n., paratype (569), and R. ranawanai sp. n., paratype (570). Figures 561–564. Metasomal segment II lateral (561–562) and pedipalp patella dorsal (563–564), R. loebli from locality 15CG (561, 563) and R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (562, 564)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124767/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 561</figureCitation>
). Pedipalp femur and patella spotted, patella mostly black (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FEBFF9BD9F8DF93C" box="[383,495,1642,1665]" captionStart="Figures 555–570" captionStartId="115.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[233,1393,170,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-151@115.[234,1392,171,1704]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figures 555–570: Key characters for distinguishing males of Sri Lankan Isometrus and Reddyanus. Figures 555–556, 565– 566. Pedipalp chela dorsal view, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (555), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (556), R. basilicus, holotype (565), and R. besucheti, holotype (566). Figures 557–558. Sternopectinal area, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (557), and I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (558). Figures 559–560, 567–570. Sternite V, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (559), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (560), R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (567), R. ceylonensis sp. n., holotype (568), R. jayarathnei sp. n., paratype (569), and R. ranawanai sp. n., paratype (570). Figures 561–564. Metasomal segment II lateral (561–562) and pedipalp patella dorsal (563–564), R. loebli from locality 15CG (561, 563) and R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (562, 564)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124767/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 563</figureCitation>
), femur mostly yellow. Subaculear tooth spinoid (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FE24F95F9CE5F922" box="[484,647,1672,1695]" captionStart="Figures 403–429" captionStartId="85.[192,278,744,768]" captionTargetId="figure-11@84.[172,1464,185,1878]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figures 403–429: Telson, lateral view of Sri Lankan Buthidae and Chaerilidae species. Figures 403–404. Isometrus maculatus, male from locality 15CP (403) and female from locality 15CI (404). Figures 405–406. I. thwaitesi, male from locality 15CH (405) and female from locality 15CO (406). Figures 407–408. Lychas srilankensis, male (407) and female (408) from locality 15CJ. Figures 409–410. Reddyanus basilicus, male (409) and female (410) from locality 15CR. Figures 411–412. R. besucheti, male holotype (411) and female from locality 15CG (412). Figures 413–414. R. ceylonensis sp. n., male holotype (413) and female paratype (414) from locality 15CI. Figures 415–416. R. jayarathnei sp. n., male (415) and female (416) paratypes. Figures 417–418. R. loebli, male (417) and female (418) from locality 15CG. Figures 419–420. R. ranawanai sp. n., male holotype (419) and female paratype (420). Figures 421–422: Buthoscorpio sarasinorum, male from locality 15CF (421) and female from locality 15CG (422). Figures 423–424. Charmus laneus, male (423) and female (424) from locality 15CO. Figures 425–426. Charmus saradieli sp. n. male paratype (425) (MHNG) and female holotype (426). Figurs 427. Hottentotta tamulus, male from locality 15CK (427). Figures 428–429. Chaerilus ceylonensis, male (428) and female (429) from locality 15CD." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124696/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Figs. 417–418</figureCitation>
). ..………...... …………………….. 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA861FFE6FE69F9709CD6F903" ID-CoL="4RP7G" authority="(Vachon, 1982)" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Vachon" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[425,692,1702,1726]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Reddyanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loebli" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FE69F9709C64F903" box="[425,518,1702,1726]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FE69F9709FD9F903" bold="true" box="[425,443,1703,1726]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">R</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FE09F9719C64F903" bold="true" box="[457,518,1702,1726]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">loebli</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A861FFE6FDD3F9709CCEF903" author="Vachon" box="[531,684,1703,1726]" firstAuthor="Vachon" journalOrPublisher="Revue suisse de Zoologie" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" pagination="77 - 114" part="89" refId="ref45190" refString="VACHON, M. 1982. Les scorpions de Sri Lanka (Recherches sur les scorpions appartenant ou deposes au Museum d`Histoire naturelle de Geneve III.). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 89: 77 - 114." title="Les scorpions de Sri Lanka (Recherches sur les scorpions appartenant ou deposes au Museum d`Histoire naturelle de Geneve III.)" type="journal article" year="1982">Vachon, 1982</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FD7AF9719D79F903" bold="true" box="[698,795,1702,1726]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="119F57A0A861FFE6FD7AF9719D79F903" box="[698,795,1702,1726]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FF00F9119D79F8EA" blockId="118.[192,802,1549,1879]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FF00F9119D79F8EA" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
– Terminal tubercle of dorsal carina on metasomal segments of male are not enlarged (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FD86F9339CC4F946" box="[582,678,1764,1787]" captionStart="Figures 555–570" captionStartId="115.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[233,1393,170,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-151@115.[234,1392,171,1704]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figures 555–570: Key characters for distinguishing males of Sri Lankan Isometrus and Reddyanus. Figures 555–556, 565– 566. Pedipalp chela dorsal view, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (555), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (556), R. basilicus, holotype (565), and R. besucheti, holotype (566). Figures 557–558. Sternopectinal area, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (557), and I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (558). Figures 559–560, 567–570. Sternite V, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (559), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (560), R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (567), R. ceylonensis sp. n., holotype (568), R. jayarathnei sp. n., paratype (569), and R. ranawanai sp. n., paratype (570). Figures 561–564. Metasomal segment II lateral (561–562) and pedipalp patella dorsal (563–564), R. loebli from locality 15CG (561, 563) and R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (562, 564)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124767/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 562</figureCitation>
). Pedipalps with brown spots, identical on femur and patella (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FD36F8D49E8EF884" captionStart="Figures 555–570" captionStartId="115.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[233,1393,170,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-151@115.[234,1392,171,1704]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figures 555–570: Key characters for distinguishing males of Sri Lankan Isometrus and Reddyanus. Figures 555–556, 565– 566. Pedipalp chela dorsal view, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (555), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (556), R. basilicus, holotype (565), and R. besucheti, holotype (566). Figures 557–558. Sternopectinal area, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (557), and I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (558). Figures 559–560, 567–570. Sternite V, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (559), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (560), R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (567), R. ceylonensis sp. n., holotype (568), R. jayarathnei sp. n., paratype (569), and R. ranawanai sp. n., paratype (570). Figures 561–564. Metasomal segment II lateral (561–562) and pedipalp patella dorsal (563–564), R. loebli from locality 15CG (561, 563) and R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (562, 564)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124767/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 564</figureCitation>
). Subaculear tooth wide and rounded (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FD6AF8F59F3AF8EA" captionStart="Figures 403–429" captionStartId="85.[192,278,744,768]" captionTargetId="figure-11@84.[172,1464,185,1878]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Figures 403–429: Telson, lateral view of Sri Lankan Buthidae and Chaerilidae species. Figures 403–404. Isometrus maculatus, male from locality 15CP (403) and female from locality 15CI (404). Figures 405–406. I. thwaitesi, male from locality 15CH (405) and female from locality 15CO (406). Figures 407–408. Lychas srilankensis, male (407) and female (408) from locality 15CJ. Figures 409–410. Reddyanus basilicus, male (409) and female (410) from locality 15CR. Figures 411–412. R. besucheti, male holotype (411) and female from locality 15CG (412). Figures 413–414. R. ceylonensis sp. n., male holotype (413) and female paratype (414) from locality 15CI. Figures 415–416. R. jayarathnei sp. n., male (415) and female (416) paratypes. Figures 417–418. R. loebli, male (417) and female (418) from locality 15CG. Figures 419–420. R. ranawanai sp. n., male holotype (419) and female paratype (420). Figures 421–422: Buthoscorpio sarasinorum, male from locality 15CF (421) and female from locality 15CG (422). Figures 423–424. Charmus laneus, male (423) and female (424) from locality 15CO. Figures 425–426. Charmus saradieli sp. n. male paratype (425) (MHNG) and female holotype (426). Figurs 427. Hottentotta tamulus, male from locality 15CK (427). Figures 428–429. Chaerilus ceylonensis, male (428) and female (429) from locality 15CD." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124696/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Figs. 409– 416, 419–420</figureCitation>
). ….............……................................... 11
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="832C2E6CA861FFE6FCFEFF119BFFFE87" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FCFEFF119BFCFF40" blockId="118.[830,1440,198,314]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FCFEFF119BFCFF40" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FCFEFF119D3DFF63" bold="true" box="[830,863,198,222]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">11.</emphasis>
Glabrous zone on posterior part of fifth sternite present medially in male (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FB94FF319A91FF40" box="[1108,1267,230,253]" captionStart="Figures 555–570" captionStartId="115.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[233,1393,170,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-151@115.[234,1392,171,1704]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figures 555–570: Key characters for distinguishing males of Sri Lankan Isometrus and Reddyanus. Figures 555–556, 565– 566. Pedipalp chela dorsal view, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (555), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (556), R. basilicus, holotype (565), and R. besucheti, holotype (566). Figures 557–558. Sternopectinal area, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (557), and I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (558). Figures 559–560, 567–570. Sternite V, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (559), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (560), R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (567), R. ceylonensis sp. n., holotype (568), R. jayarathnei sp. n., paratype (569), and R. ranawanai sp. n., paratype (570). Figures 561–564. Metasomal segment II lateral (561–562) and pedipalp patella dorsal (563–564), R. loebli from locality 15CG (561, 563) and R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (562, 564)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124767/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Figs. 569–570</figureCitation>
). ………….. 12
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FCFEFED39BFFFE87" blockId="118.[830,1440,198,314]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FCFEFED39BFFFE87" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
– Glabrous zone along posterior margin of fifth sternite absent or indicated (
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA861FFE6FBD8FEF49AF8FE87" authorityName="Vachon" authorityYear="1982" box="[1048,1178,291,314]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="besucheti">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FBD8FEF49AF8FE87" box="[1048,1178,291,314]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">R. besucheti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FB71FEF49B32FE87" box="[1201,1360,291,314]" captionStart="Figures 555–570" captionStartId="115.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[233,1393,170,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-151@115.[234,1392,171,1704]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figures 555–570: Key characters for distinguishing males of Sri Lankan Isometrus and Reddyanus. Figures 555–556, 565– 566. Pedipalp chela dorsal view, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (555), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (556), R. basilicus, holotype (565), and R. besucheti, holotype (566). Figures 557–558. Sternopectinal area, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (557), and I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (558). Figures 559–560, 567–570. Sternite V, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (559), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (560), R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (567), R. ceylonensis sp. n., holotype (568), R. jayarathnei sp. n., paratype (569), and R. ranawanai sp. n., paratype (570). Figures 561–564. Metasomal segment II lateral (561–562) and pedipalp patella dorsal (563–564), R. loebli from locality 15CG (561, 563) and R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (562, 564)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124767/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Figs. 567–568</figureCitation>
). .... 13
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</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="832C2E6CA861FFE6FCFEFEB19BFEFDAA" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FCFEFEB19BF8FE06" blockId="118.[830,1441,358,535]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FCFEFEB19BF8FE06" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FCFEFEB19D02FEC3" bold="true" box="[830,864,358,382]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">12.</emphasis>
Whole mesosoma dark, almost black (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FAE8FEB19D08FE21" captionStart="Figures 338–348" captionStartId="71.[192,278,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-68@71.[192,1439,192,1700]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figures 338–348: Reddyanus jayarathnei sp. n., paratypes. Figures 338, 340, 343–348. Male, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–III (338), sternopectinal region (340). Pedipalp chela, dorsal (343), external (344) and ventral (345) views. Pedipalp patella, dorsal (346) and external (347) views. Pedipalp femur and trochanter dorsal (348) view. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 344–348. Figures 339, 341–342. Female, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–III (339), sternopectinal region and sternite III (341), and pedipalp chela dorsal view (342)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124663" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124663/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Figs. 338– 339</figureCitation>
). Glabrous zone present in middle part of fifth sternite only (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FC12FE739A52FE06" box="[978,1072,420,443]" captionStart="Figures 555–570" captionStartId="115.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[233,1393,170,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-151@115.[234,1392,171,1704]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figures 555–570: Key characters for distinguishing males of Sri Lankan Isometrus and Reddyanus. Figures 555–556, 565– 566. Pedipalp chela dorsal view, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (555), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (556), R. basilicus, holotype (565), and R. besucheti, holotype (566). Figures 557–558. Sternopectinal area, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (557), and I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (558). Figures 559–560, 567–570. Sternite V, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (559), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (560), R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (567), R. ceylonensis sp. n., holotype (568), R. jayarathnei sp. n., paratype (569), and R. ranawanai sp. n., paratype (570). Figures 561–564. Metasomal segment II lateral (561–562) and pedipalp patella dorsal (563–564), R. loebli from locality 15CG (561, 563) and R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (562, 564)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124767/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 569</figureCitation>
). ....……..... 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA861FFE6FB7AFE749B35FE06" ID-CoL="4RP7B" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š, 2016" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š" authorityYear="2016" box="[1210,1367,419,443]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Reddyanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jayarathnei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FB7AFE749B35FE06" box="[1210,1367,419,443]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FB7AFE749AAEFE07" bold="true" box="[1210,1228,419,442]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">R</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FB19FE749B35FE06" bold="true" box="[1241,1367,419,443]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">jayarathnei</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="119F57A0A861FFE6FA9DFE749BF8FE06" box="[1373,1434,419,443]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" rank="species">
sp. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FA44FE749BF1FE06" bold="true" box="[1412,1427,419,443]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FCFEFE159BFEFDAA" blockId="118.[830,1441,358,535]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FCFEFE159BFEFDAA" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
– Mesosoma lighter, yellowish brown (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FB33FE159BF7FE64" box="[1267,1429,450,473]" captionStart="Figures 382–386" captionStartId="80.[192,278,1371,1395]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,191,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-654@80.[192,1439,192,1341]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="Figures 382–386: Reddyanus ranawanai sp. n. Figures 382, 384–385. Male holotype, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–III (382), sternites IV–VII (384), and sternopectinal region (385). Figures 383, 386. Female paratype, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–III (383), and sternopectinal region with sternite III (386)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124684/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Figs. 382–383</figureCitation>
). Glabrous zone stretches almost over whole posterior margin of fifth sternite (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FBFFFDD79AFEFDAA" box="[1087,1180,512,535]" captionStart="Figures 555–570" captionStartId="115.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[233,1393,170,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-151@115.[234,1392,171,1704]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figures 555–570: Key characters for distinguishing males of Sri Lankan Isometrus and Reddyanus. Figures 555–556, 565– 566. Pedipalp chela dorsal view, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (555), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (556), R. basilicus, holotype (565), and R. besucheti, holotype (566). Figures 557–558. Sternopectinal area, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (557), and I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (558). Figures 559–560, 567–570. Sternite V, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (559), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (560), R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (567), R. ceylonensis sp. n., holotype (568), R. jayarathnei sp. n., paratype (569), and R. ranawanai sp. n., paratype (570). Figures 561–564. Metasomal segment II lateral (561–562) and pedipalp patella dorsal (563–564), R. loebli from locality 15CG (561, 563) and R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (562, 564)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124767/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 570</figureCitation>
).... 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA861FFE6FB03FE289B38FDAA" ID-CoL="4RP7P" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š, 2016" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š" authorityYear="2016" box="[1219,1370,511,535]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Reddyanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ranawanai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FB03FE289B38FDAA" box="[1219,1370,511,535]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FB03FE289AB7FDAB" bold="true" box="[1219,1237,511,534]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">R</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FB23FE289B38FDAA" bold="true" box="[1251,1370,511,535]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">ranawanai</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="119F57A0A861FFE6FAA0FE289BFEFDAA" box="[1376,1436,511,535]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" rank="species">
sp. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FA46FE289BF7FDAA" bold="true" box="[1414,1429,511,535]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="832C2E6CA861FFE6FCFEFD959BF9FCAE" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FCFEFD959BF9FD25" blockId="118.[830,1441,578,787]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FCFEFD959BF9FD25" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FCFEFD959D02FDE7" bold="true" box="[830,864,578,602]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">13.</emphasis>
Manus of pedipalp chela wide in male. Ratio pedipalp chela length/width 2.94–3.28 (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FB35FDB59B34FDC4" box="[1269,1366,610,633]" captionStart="Figures 555–570" captionStartId="115.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[233,1393,170,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-151@115.[234,1392,171,1704]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figures 555–570: Key characters for distinguishing males of Sri Lankan Isometrus and Reddyanus. Figures 555–556, 565– 566. Pedipalp chela dorsal view, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (555), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (556), R. basilicus, holotype (565), and R. besucheti, holotype (566). Figures 557–558. Sternopectinal area, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (557), and I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (558). Figures 559–560, 567–570. Sternite V, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (559), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (560), R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (567), R. ceylonensis sp. n., holotype (568), R. jayarathnei sp. n., paratype (569), and R. ranawanai sp. n., paratype (570). Figures 561–564. Metasomal segment II lateral (561–562) and pedipalp patella dorsal (563–564), R. loebli from locality 15CG (561, 563) and R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (562, 564)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124767/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 566</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="755A0372A861FFE6FAA4FDB59D2FFD25" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="86.[192,257,1869,1893]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Table 5: Comparison among Sri Lankan Reddyanus species (specimens), based upon selected morphometric ratios of adult males. Abbreviations: length (L), width (W), depth (D)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6CA76641A841FFC6FF00F89A9CBAF8C0" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" tableUuid="6CA76641A841FFC6FF00F89A9CBAF8C0">Table 5</tableCitation>
). Chela wider in male than in female. .......…........... 14
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FCFEFD489BF9FCAE" blockId="118.[830,1441,578,787]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FCFEFD489BF9FCAE" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
– Manus of pedipalp chela narrow in male. Ratio pedipalp chela length/width 3.41–3.79 (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FB35FD699B37FD68" box="[1269,1365,702,725]" captionStart="Figures 555–570" captionStartId="115.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[233,1393,170,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-151@115.[234,1392,171,1704]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="Figures 555–570: Key characters for distinguishing males of Sri Lankan Isometrus and Reddyanus. Figures 555–556, 565– 566. Pedipalp chela dorsal view, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (555), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (556), R. basilicus, holotype (565), and R. besucheti, holotype (566). Figures 557–558. Sternopectinal area, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (557), and I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (558). Figures 559–560, 567–570. Sternite V, I. maculatus from locality 15CP (559), I. thwaitesi from locality 15CH (560), R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (567), R. ceylonensis sp. n., holotype (568), R. jayarathnei sp. n., paratype (569), and R. ranawanai sp. n., paratype (570). Figures 561–564. Metasomal segment II lateral (561–562) and pedipalp patella dorsal (563–564), R. loebli from locality 15CG (561, 563) and R. besucheti, from locality 15CF (562, 564)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124767/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 565</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="755A0372A861FFE6FAA4FD699D2FFD49" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="86.[192,257,1869,1893]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Table 5: Comparison among Sri Lankan Reddyanus species (specimens), based upon selected morphometric ratios of adult males. Abbreviations: length (L), width (W), depth (D)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6CA76641A841FFC6FF00F89A9CBAF8C0" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" tableUuid="6CA76641A841FFC6FF00F89A9CBAF8C0">Table 5</tableCitation>
). Chela the same width in both sexes. .................... ………......……… 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA861FFE6FBCDFD2C9B56FCAF" ID-CoL="8LYZT" authority="(Karsch, 1879)" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Karsch" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[1037,1332,762,786]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Reddyanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basilicus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FBCDFD2C9AEEFCAF" box="[1037,1164,762,786]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FBCDFD2C9A7DFCAF" bold="true" box="[1037,1055,763,786]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">R</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FBECFD2D9AEEFCAF" bold="true" box="[1068,1164,762,786]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">basilicus</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A861FFE6FB5BFD2C9B4EFCAF" author="Karsch" box="[1179,1324,763,786]" firstAuthor="Karsch" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" pagination="97 - 136" refId="ref41417" refString="KARSCH, F. 1879. Skorpionologische Beitrage I. and II. Mitteilungen des Munchener Entomologischen Vereins, 3: 6 - 22, 97 - 136." type="journal article" year="1879">Karsch, 1879</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FAFAFD2C9BF9FCAE" bold="true" box="[1338,1435,763,787]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="119F57A0A861FFE6FAFAFD2C9BF9FCAE" box="[1338,1435,763,787]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="832C2E6CA861FFE6FCFEFCE99BC2FC6D" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FCFEFCE99BFEFC2E" blockId="118.[830,1440,830,977]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FCFEFCE99BFEFC2E" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FCFEFCE99D02FCEB" bold="true" box="[830,864,830,854]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">14.</emphasis>
Ratio metasomal segment II length/width 1.56–1.79 in male (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FC64FC8A9A66FCC9" box="[932,1028,861,884]" captionStart="Figures 209–224" captionStartId="50.[192,278,1736,1760]" captionTargetBox="[208,1434,174,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-11@50.[205,1452,168,1707]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figures 209–224: Metasomal segments II–III, lateral view of Sri Lankan Reddyanus and Isometrus species. Figures 209–210. Reddyanus basilicus, male (209) and female (210) from locality 15CR. Figures 211–212. R. besucheti, male holotype (211) and female from locality 15CG (212). Figures 213–214. R. ceylonensis sp. n., male holotype (213) and female paratype from locality 15CI (214). Figures 215–216. R. jayarathnei sp. n., male (215) and female (216) paratypes. Figures 217–218. R. loebli, male (217) and female (218) from locality 15CG. Figures 219–220. R. ranawanai sp. n., male holotype (219) and female paratype (220). Figures 221–222. Isometrus maculatus, male from locality 15CP (221) and female from locality 15CI (222). Figures 223– 224. I. thwaitesi, male from locality 15CH (223) and female from locality 15CO (224)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124622/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 211</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="755A0372A861FFE6FBD3FC8A9A0BFCC9" box="[1043,1129,861,884]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="86.[192,257,1869,1893]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Table 5: Comparison among Sri Lankan Reddyanus species (specimens), based upon selected morphometric ratios of adult males. Abbreviations: length (L), width (W), depth (D)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6CA76641A841FFC6FF00F89A9CBAF8C0" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" tableUuid="6CA76641A841FFC6FF00F89A9CBAF8C0">Table 5</tableCitation>
). ............................…........... ………...………. 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA861FFE6FBC0FCAB9B57FC2E" authority="(Vachon, 1982)" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Vachon" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[1024,1333,891,915]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Isometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="besucheti" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FBC0FCAB9AE5FC2E" box="[1024,1159,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FBC0FCAB9A70FC2E" bold="true" box="[1024,1042,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">R</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FBDFFCAC9AE5FC2E" bold="true" box="[1055,1159,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">besucheti</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A861FFE6FB54FCAB9B4FFC2E" author="Vachon" box="[1172,1325,892,915]" firstAuthor="Vachon" journalOrPublisher="Revue suisse de Zoologie" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" pagination="77 - 114" part="89" refId="ref45190" refString="VACHON, M. 1982. Les scorpions de Sri Lanka (Recherches sur les scorpions appartenant ou deposes au Museum d`Histoire naturelle de Geneve III.). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 89: 77 - 114." title="Les scorpions de Sri Lanka (Recherches sur les scorpions appartenant ou deposes au Museum d`Histoire naturelle de Geneve III.)" type="journal article" year="1982">Vachon, 1982</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FAFBFCAC9BFEFC2E" bold="true" box="[1339,1436,891,915]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="119F57A0A861FFE6FAFBFCAC9BFEFC2E" box="[1339,1436,891,915]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FCFEFC4C9BC2FC6D" blockId="118.[830,1440,830,977]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FCFEFC4C9BC2FC6D" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
– Ratio metasomal segment II length/width 1.85–1.97 in male (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FC41FC6E9DBFFC6D" box="[897,989,953,976]" captionStart="Figures 209–224" captionStartId="50.[192,278,1736,1760]" captionTargetBox="[208,1434,174,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-11@50.[205,1452,168,1707]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figures 209–224: Metasomal segments II–III, lateral view of Sri Lankan Reddyanus and Isometrus species. Figures 209–210. Reddyanus basilicus, male (209) and female (210) from locality 15CR. Figures 211–212. R. besucheti, male holotype (211) and female from locality 15CG (212). Figures 213–214. R. ceylonensis sp. n., male holotype (213) and female paratype from locality 15CI (214). Figures 215–216. R. jayarathnei sp. n., male (215) and female (216) paratypes. Figures 217–218. R. loebli, male (217) and female (218) from locality 15CG. Figures 219–220. R. ranawanai sp. n., male holotype (219) and female paratype (220). Figures 221–222. Isometrus maculatus, male from locality 15CP (221) and female from locality 15CI (222). Figures 223– 224. I. thwaitesi, male from locality 15CH (223) and female from locality 15CO (224)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124622/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 213</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="755A0372A861FFE6FC28FC6E9A59FC6D" box="[1000,1083,953,976]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="86.[192,257,1869,1893]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="Table 5: Comparison among Sri Lankan Reddyanus species (specimens), based upon selected morphometric ratios of adult males. Abbreviations: length (L), width (W), depth (D)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6CA76641A841FFC6FF00F89A9CBAF8C0" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" tableUuid="6CA76641A841FFC6FF00F89A9CBAF8C0">Table 5</tableCitation>
). ……….... 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA861FFE6FB00FC6E9B3FFC6D" ID-CoL="T9Z5" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š, 2016" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Ranawana &amp; Hoferek &amp; Š" authorityYear="2016" box="[1216,1373,952,976]" class="Arachnida" family="Chaerilidae" genus="Chaerilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceylonensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FB00FC6E9B3FFC6D" box="[1216,1373,952,976]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FB00FC6E9AB0FC6D" bold="true" box="[1216,1234,953,976]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">R</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FB1FFC6F9B3FFC6D" bold="true" box="[1247,1373,952,976]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">ceylonensis</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="119F57A0A861FFE6FAA4FC6E9BC2FC6D" box="[1380,1440,953,977]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" rank="species">
sp. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FA4BFC6E9BF8FC6C" bold="true" box="[1419,1434,953,977]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="832C2E6CA861FFE6FCFEFC2B9BF9FB57" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FCFEFC2B9BFFFBCD" blockId="118.[830,1441,1020,1258]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FCFEFC2B9BFFFBCD" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FCFEFC2B9D02FBA9" bold="true" box="[830,864,1020,1044]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">15.</emphasis>
Adults 
<quantity id="FF209B2CA861FFE6FC75FC2A9A21FBA9" box="[949,1091,1021,1044]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" metricValueMax="1.76" metricValueMin="1.28" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="152.0" valueMax="176.0" valueMin="128.0">128–176 mm</quantity>
long. Pectinal teeth number 16– 20. Fifth segment of metasoma longer than pedipalp femur, fourth segment of metasoma about as long as pedipalp femur ..…........ 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA861FFE6FB8BFB8F9BFFFBCD" authority="Simon, 1872" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1872" box="[1099,1437,1112,1136]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="swammerdami">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FB8BFB8F9B6FFBCD" box="[1099,1293,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FB8BFB8F9A02FBD2" bold="true" box="[1099,1120,1112,1135]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FBADFB8F9B6FFBCD" bold="true" box="[1133,1293,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">swammerdami</emphasis>
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A861FFE6FAD4FB8E9BFFFBCD" author="Simon" box="[1300,1437,1113,1136]" firstAuthor="Simon" journalOrPublisher="Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" pagination="51 - 59" part="23" refId="ref44231" refString="SIMON, E. 1872. Etudes ser les scorpions. Revision des Heterometrus du groupe de l'H. afer, L. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee, 23 (2): 51 - 59, 23 (3) 97 - 101." title="Etudes ser les scorpions. Revision des Heterometrus du groupe de l'H. afer, L." type="journal article" year="1872">Simon, 1872</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FCFEFBA09BF9FB57" blockId="118.[830,1441,1020,1258]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FCFEFBA09BF9FB57" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
– Adults 
<quantity id="FF209B2CA861FFE6FC61FBA09A43FB33" box="[929,1057,1143,1166]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.75" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="102.5" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="75.0">75–130 mm</quantity>
long. Pectinal teeth number 10–16. Fifth segment of metasoma about as long as pedipalp femur, fourth segment of metasoma shorter than pedipalp femur. .....…………………………………….... 16
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="832C2E6CA861FFE6FCFEFAC19BF9FA37" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FCFEFAC19BFCFAF0" blockId="118.[830,1440,1302,1418]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FCFEFAC19BFCFAF0" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FCFEFAC19D02FA93" bold="true" box="[830,864,1302,1326]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">16.</emphasis>
Pedipalp chela with carinae on dorsoexternal surface (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FC86FAE19DC6FAF0" box="[838,932,1334,1357]" captionStart="Figures 571–574" captionStartId="116.[192,278,786,810]" captionTargetBox="[195,1423,184,735]" captionTargetId="figure-11@116.[192,1439,168,757]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="Figures 571–574: Key characters for distinguishing Sri Lankan Heterometrus. Figures 571–572. Pedipalp chela dorsal view of male, Heterometrus serratus from locality 15CP (571) and Heterometrus gravimanus from locality 15CE (572). Figures 573– 574. Metasomal segments IV-II lateral view of female, Heterometrus indus from locality 15CA (573) and Heterometrus serratus from locality 15CP (574)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124769/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 572</figureCitation>
)..………......... 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA861FFE6FB90FAE29BFCFAF0" authority="(Pocock, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1104,1438,1333,1357]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gravimanus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FB90FAE29A97FAF0" box="[1104,1269,1333,1357]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FB90FAE29A07FAF1" bold="true" box="[1104,1125,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FBB2FAE29A97FAF0" bold="true" box="[1138,1269,1333,1357]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">gravimanus</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A861FFE6FAC2FAE19BF5FAF0" author="Pocock" box="[1282,1431,1334,1357]" firstAuthor="Pocock" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" pagination="72 - 84" part="6" refId="ref43722" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1894. A small contribution to our knowledge of the scorpions of India. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6 (13): 72 - 84." title="A small contribution to our knowledge of the scorpions of India" type="journal article" year="1894">Pocock, 1894</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FCFEFA839BF9FA37" blockId="118.[830,1440,1302,1418]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FCFEFA839BF9FA37" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
– Pedipalp chela without carinae on dorsoexternal surface (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FCBAFAA49DB5FA37" box="[890,983,1395,1418]" captionStart="Figures 571–574" captionStartId="116.[192,278,786,810]" captionTargetBox="[195,1423,184,735]" captionTargetId="figure-11@116.[192,1439,168,757]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="Figures 571–574: Key characters for distinguishing Sri Lankan Heterometrus. Figures 571–572. Pedipalp chela dorsal view of male, Heterometrus serratus from locality 15CP (571) and Heterometrus gravimanus from locality 15CE (572). Figures 573– 574. Metasomal segments IV-II lateral view of female, Heterometrus indus from locality 15CA (573) and Heterometrus serratus from locality 15CP (574)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124769/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 571</figureCitation>
). .......…………..................................... 17
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="832C2E6CA861FFE6FCFEFA619BFEF994" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FCFEFA619BF7FA51" blockId="118.[830,1441,1462,1577]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FCFEFA619BF7FA51" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FCFEFA619D02FA73" bold="true" box="[830,864,1462,1486]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">17.</emphasis>
Dorsal and dorsolateral carinae of metasomal segments smooth (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FC22FA029A22FA51" box="[994,1088,1493,1516]" captionStart="Figures 571–574" captionStartId="116.[192,278,786,810]" captionTargetBox="[195,1423,184,735]" captionTargetId="figure-11@116.[192,1439,168,757]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="Figures 571–574: Key characters for distinguishing Sri Lankan Heterometrus. Figures 571–572. Pedipalp chela dorsal view of male, Heterometrus serratus from locality 15CP (571) and Heterometrus gravimanus from locality 15CE (572). Figures 573– 574. Metasomal segments IV-II lateral view of female, Heterometrus indus from locality 15CA (573) and Heterometrus serratus from locality 15CP (574)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124769/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 573</figureCitation>
). ….. 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA861FFE6FB41FA029BF7FA51" authority="(De Geer, 1778)" authorityName=": Fet" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[1153,1429,1492,1516]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FB41FA029A82FA51" box="[1153,1248,1492,1516]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FB41FA029AF4FA51" bold="true" box="[1153,1174,1493,1516]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FB63FA039A82FA51" bold="true" box="[1187,1248,1492,1516]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">indus</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A861FFE6FB2EFA029BEFFA51" author="De Geer" box="[1262,1421,1493,1516]" firstAuthor="De Geer" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" refId="ref41067" refString="GEER, C. DE. 1778. Memoires pour servir a l`histoire des Insectes (tomus 1 - 7. 1752 - 1778). Stockholm: Pierre Hesselberg, 456 pp." type="book" year="1778">De Geer, 1778</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="386736C9A861FFE6FCFEFA239BFEF994" blockId="118.[830,1441,1462,1577]" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<keyLead id="832995FCA861FFE6FCFEFA239BFEF994" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
– Dorsal and dorsolateral carinae of metasomal segments granulated (
<figureCitation id="A0E32A4CA861FFE6FC7EF9C59A7EF994" box="[958,1052,1554,1577]" captionStart="Figures 571–574" captionStartId="116.[192,278,786,810]" captionTargetBox="[195,1423,184,735]" captionTargetId="figure-11@116.[192,1439,168,757]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="Figures 571–574: Key characters for distinguishing Sri Lankan Heterometrus. Figures 571–572. Pedipalp chela dorsal view of male, Heterometrus serratus from locality 15CP (571) and Heterometrus gravimanus from locality 15CE (572). Figures 573– 574. Metasomal segments IV-II lateral view of female, Heterometrus indus from locality 15CA (573) and Heterometrus serratus from locality 15CP (574)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124769/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">Fig. 574</figureCitation>
). ..….... 
<taxonomicName id="FFD84D4AA861FFE6FBB7F9C59BFEF994" authority="(Pocock, 1900)" authorityName=": Takashima" authorityYear="1945" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1143,1436,1554,1577]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serratus">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FBB7F9C59A90F994" box="[1143,1266,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FBB7F9C59AEEF994" bold="true" box="[1143,1164,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="0AACEADBA861FFE6FB59F9C59A90F994" bold="true" box="[1177,1266,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="117">serratus</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5C494B38A861FFE6FAC0F9C59BF6F994" author="Pocock" bookContentInfo="279 pp" box="[1280,1428,1554,1577]" firstAuthor="Pocock" journalOrPublisher="London: W. T. Blandford" pageId="118" pageNumber="117" part="xii" refId="ref43790" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1900. Arachnida. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Published un- der the authority of the Secretary of State for India in Council. London: W. T. Blandford, xii, 279 pp" title="Arachnida. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Published un- der the authority of the Secretary of State for India in Council" type="book" year="1900">Pocock, 1900</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>