190 lines
19 KiB
XML
190 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e5e47a0-f8f3-4039-b0e1-c159fef0b9f6" ID-PMC="PMC4714384" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-544-1" ID-PubMed="26798289" ID-ZBK="C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-544-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 544" ModsDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" checkinTime="1451243640953" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2015" docId="9BDF1686B34E577FD434AB7FE5692DEA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 544: 1-407" docOrigin="ZooKeys 544" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" docTitle="Mecyclothorax aeneipennis Liebherr" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FF92FFC2FF9FFFC7191EFFB8FF91AF5D" masterDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" masterLastPageNumber="407" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1668162300918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>544</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>407</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-544-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127853581" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9BDF1686B34E577FD434AB7FE5692DEA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9BDF1686B34E577FD434AB7FE5692DEA" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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(016)
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<taxonomicName authority="Liebherr" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax aeneipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneipennis">Mecyclothorax aeneipennis Liebherr</taxonomicName>
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Figs 28A, 29
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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, 30A, 31A, 32
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax aeneipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneipennis">Mecyclothorax aeneipennis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Liebherr, JK" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="309" pageNumber="310" pagination="97 - 128" title="New species of Mecyclothorax (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Psydrini) from Polipoli, Maui define an area of endemism on Haleakala Volcano, Hawaii." url="10.1664/0028-7199(2005)113" volume="113" year="2005 b">Liebherr 2005b</bibRefCitation>
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: 123.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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Among
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Haleakalā">Haleakala</normalizedToken>
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species of this group,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax aeneipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneipennis">Mecyclothorax aeneipennis</taxonomicName>
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exhibits the most quadrate pronotum, with the lateral margins little sinuate outside the laterobasal depressions (Fig. 28A); MPW/BPW = 1.17-1.29, versus MPW/BPW = 1.34-1.57 for all other
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Haleakalā">Haleakala</normalizedToken>
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species in this group. The elytral intervals are slightly convex, with discal striae 1-5 lined with small but distinct punctures in their basal halves to 2/3 of length. At the elytral apex, the 8th interval is more convex than the fused apical portion of intervals 5 + 7. The vertex is rufobrunneous, elytral disc slightly darker rufopiceous, and elytral disc rufopiceous with a cupreous reflection. The legs are contrastedly paler; femora flavous and tibiae flavous with a brunneous cast. Setal formula 2 2 2 2. Standardized body length 5.4-6.3 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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Figure 28.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax robustus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">Mecyclothorax robustus</taxonomicName>
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group species, dorsal habitus view. A
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax aeneipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneipennis">Mecyclothorax aeneipennis</taxonomicName>
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(Polipoli, 1775 m) B
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax affinis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Mecyclothorax affinis</taxonomicName>
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(West Wailuanui, 1950 m) C
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax cognatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognatus">Mecyclothorax cognatus</taxonomicName>
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(Ukulele Camp Pipeline, 1510 m).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="identification">
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Identification</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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(n = 5). The eyes are moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.41-1.50, ocular lobe ratio = 0.73-0.81. The elytra are quadrate, with the basal groove evenly recurved to the tightly rounded to subangulate humerus, the lateral marginal depression broad with margin upraised behind the humeral angle; MEW/HuW = 1.68-1.78. The dorsal body surface bears well-developed microsculpture: 1, vertex and pronotal disc with transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length; 2; 2, pronotal median base with mixture of granulate isodiametric and transverse-mesh microsculpture; 3, elytral disc with distinct granulate isodiametric mesh; and 4, elytral apex with a transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–4×">-4x</normalizedToken>
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length.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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Male genitalia (n = 2). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation 4.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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median breadth (Fig. 29A), apex narrowly extended beyond ostial opening, the tip flattened on dorsoapical aspect, tightly rounded ventrally; median lobe straight in ventral view, the right margin slightly concave before blunt tip, the left margin curved rightward to meet apical extension (Fig. 29B); internal sac with well developed, dorsal and ventral microtrichial patches, both composed of stout spicules (Fig. 29C); flagellar plate with internal face well sclerotized, length of plate 0.40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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distance from parameral articulation to tip.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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Figure 29. Male aedeagus,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax robustus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">Mecyclothorax robustus</taxonomicName>
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group species (for abbreviations see Table 2, p. 23).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax aeneipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneipennis">Mecyclothorax aeneipennis</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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Right and ventral views (Polipoli, 1878 m) C Right view, sac everted (Polipoli, 1776 m) D
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax affinis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Mecyclothorax affinis</taxonomicName>
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, right view (West Wailuanui, 1950 m)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax cognatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognatus">Mecyclothorax cognatus</taxonomicName>
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(Honomanu, 1850 m) E Right view, sac everted F Left view, sac everted G Right view, sac inverted H Ventral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="start">Female</pageBreakToken>
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reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar with expanded apex, length 1.2 mm, apical breadth 0.57 mm, basal breadth 0.40 mm (Fig. 30A); bursal base translucent with thick wrinkles, apex more transparent, little wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 4 apical fringe setae, a small seta unilaterally present at medial apex, otherwise 7-10 small setae on medial surface (Fig. 31A); gonocoxite 2 narrowly subtriangular with broad apex and tightly rounded tip, base broadly extended laterally, 2 lateral ensiform setae with apical seta broader and longer, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.71
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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gonocoxite length.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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Figure 30. Female bursa copulatrix and associated reproductive structures,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax robustus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">Mecyclothorax robustus</taxonomicName>
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group species, ventral view (for abbreviations see Table 2, p. 23). A
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax aeneipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneipennis">Mecyclothorax aeneipennis</taxonomicName>
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(Polipoli, 1890 m) B
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax cognatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognatus">Mecyclothorax cognatus</taxonomicName>
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(Ukulele Camp, 1525 m) C
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax consanguineus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consanguineus">Mecyclothorax consanguineus</taxonomicName>
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(Honomanu, 1850 m) D
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax aeneus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneus">Mecyclothorax aeneus</taxonomicName>
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(Honomanu, 1820-1850 m) E
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax antaeus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antaeus">Mecyclothorax antaeus</taxonomicName>
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(ESE Kuiki, 1850 m) F
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax cymindicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cymindicus">Mecyclothorax cymindicus</taxonomicName>
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(Ukulele Camp Pipeline, 1495-1525 m). Scale bar = 0.50 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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Figure 31. Left female gonocoxa,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax robustus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">Mecyclothorax robustus</taxonomicName>
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group species, ventral view. A
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax aeneipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneipennis">Mecyclothorax aeneipennis</taxonomicName>
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(Polipoli, 1890 m) B
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax cognatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognatus">Mecyclothorax cognatus</taxonomicName>
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(Ukulele Camp, 1525 m) C
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax consanguineus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consanguineus">Mecyclothorax consanguineus</taxonomicName>
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(Honomanu, 1850 m) D
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax aeneus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneus">Mecyclothorax aeneus</taxonomicName>
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(Honomanu, 1820-1850 m).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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Male (CUIC) designated by
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<bibRefCitation author="Liebherr, JK" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="309" pageNumber="310" pagination="97 - 128" title="New species of Mecyclothorax (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Psydrini) from Polipoli, Maui define an area of endemism on Haleakala Volcano, Hawaii." url="10.1664/0028-7199(2005)113" volume="113" year="2005 b">Liebherr (2005b)</bibRefCitation>
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. Type locality: HI: Maui,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Haleakalā">Haleakala</normalizedToken>
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, Polipoli S.R.A., 1890 m el.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="distribution and habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax aeneipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneipennis">Mecyclothorax aeneipennis</taxonomicName>
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is restricted to the forests near Polipoli Springs on the southwest rift of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Haleakalā">Haleakala</normalizedToken>
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(Fig. 32). At the time this area was surveyed it was extensively afforested with exotic gymnosperms, especially
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus radiata" order="Pinales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radiata">Pinus radiata</taxonomicName>
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. Many of these trees had lodged, creating tangles of old logs with loose bark. Beetles were found under loose bark of downed logs, under logs on the ground, or by grubbing the
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pinus</taxonomicName>
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leaf litter; i.e., pushing the litter aside to expose an area of soil and waiting for beetles to run into the arenalike opening.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax aeneipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneipennis">Mecyclothorax aeneipennis</taxonomicName>
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individuals were also found in more native situations, such as in mossy litter, or among tangles of
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dryopteris" order="Polypodiales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Dryopteris</taxonomicName>
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fern stems.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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Figure 32. Recorded geographic distributions of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax robustus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">Mecyclothorax robustus</taxonomicName>
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group species.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |