plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/CC/4D/03CC4D11FFDBD162FF005D0303B2FEAD.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

729 lines
75 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="22D6776A03A463533CD861416B639B15" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.198119" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bfaca3e5-3913-422d-8a23-5ee74e69cadd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="198119" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460287410276" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Viloria, Angel L., Pyrcz, Tomasz W. &amp; Orellana, Andrés" docDate="2010" docId="03CC4D11FFDBD162FF005D0303B2FEAD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02622p041.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2622" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pedaliodes manis subsp. ivica Viloria &amp; Pyrcz, n. ssp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FFF53569FFCBD170FF975C760260FFEA" masterDocTitle="A survey of the Neotropical montane butterflies of the subtribe Pronophilina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in the Venezuelan Cordillera de la Costa" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698250811950" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="D94A4C13CF61AE9A4DF1B38AC15208F2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="9E7C826D313601592A3459E1D6E3CA7E">
<mods:title id="993667AAAFFCF0FEA696B506969AFE68">A survey of the Neotropical montane butterflies of the subtribe Pronophilina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in the Venezuelan Cordillera de la Costa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="CFCFFAF34F5BAC3C9D283FAFC7A31084" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F9503F435DB7BEABD1F63166CBC14E18">
<mods:roleTerm id="B8A441F928BC0F197FF82B08556C4C27">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7EDCF7F2BB854B87AE947D6E19144265">Viloria, Angel L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="CAD3717CF53E986ED1B7FDBA8D13A8A7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2DD9DDC57A71AB30BBA196EDF3109AC4">
<mods:roleTerm id="1638967E5E6AD1E2D5074CC5B4E54532">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E1A8F4D5E554CCBDE51E30099658E2DF">Pyrcz, Tomasz W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="232101186B01C7E670A4D8C05C19A300" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5884268E4D85366DDC1557004FEF23E6">
<mods:roleTerm id="8615F550B605C9A70A852F4379010E0F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4ECDA44B3D79423627E1E37D769AC0FB">Orellana, Andrés</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="29E475A7B6316279AA8BBE5BAAE6F185">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="472C582DD65BDC355D8B1266CA7A8FC6" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="8D17207E1AEAAD9871D0E2F8F4A348B9">
<mods:title id="DC867D34FD9004082A3EF9322FDE7E31">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="6FAF592C83A4654EB37CBB6B84E79DD8">
<mods:date id="BAC6B7A23F3992091DC9B9C4FA41563F">2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="AE3335E316B54E873C3AC6DB6132473A" type="volume">
<mods:number id="9B7746A38AA3016B623E9FC53C827112">2622</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="471BEB5BBCA5E1BB95399ACA0889D44D" unit="page">
<mods:start id="E339282F2DAC403FCD9B908BD3506A08">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="C78AAF3704EA52494FC5379562D8DB2F">41</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="BD02483BB41BC65AFA9176791EC6230A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9C5E4A35F91D552CA670C4FC920997E9" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.198119</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D03A14278FF07421555390EDA03EAAF2" type="GBIF-Dataset">bfaca3e5-3913-422d-8a23-5ee74e69cadd</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="048ED32163A0481A00D8BFB179D50E48" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EEA30B76AFA4FA364985D1A9F157D71F" type="Zenodo-Dep">198119</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03CC4D11FFDBD162FF005D0303B2FEAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6207248" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119397929" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6207248" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC4D11FFDBD162FF005D0303B2FEAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC4D11FFDBD162FF005D0303B2FEAD" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection id="C37FAF8CFFDBD160FF005D0300B9FD5E" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDAFC07FFDBD160FF005D0300ABFE65" blockId="16.[151,715,373,434]" box="[151,715,373,399]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="D0924B6BFFDBD160FF005D0300ABFE65" bold="true" box="[151,715,373,399]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FF005D0300ABFE65" bold="true" box="[151,715,373,399]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFDBD160FF005D030016FE65" authority="Viloria &amp; Pyrcz" authorityName="Viloria &amp; Pyrcz" box="[151,630,373,399]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="manis" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="ivica">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FF005D0303CAFE65" bold="true" box="[151,426,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pedaliodes manis ivica</emphasis>
Viloria &amp; Pyrcz
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2229D6EFFDBD160FDEA5D0300ABFE65" box="[637,715,373,399]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="subSpecies">n. ssp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAFC07FFDBD160FF095DEE032BFE58" blockId="16.[151,715,373,434]" box="[158,331,408,434]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
(
<figureCitation id="135EE082FFDBD160FF305DEE0377FE58" box="[167,279,408,434]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="32.[151,271,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[379,1174,253,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[258,1329,194,1800]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Adult satyrine butterflies from the Cordillera de La Costa, Venezuela (left: dorsal, right: ventral); 1. Pedaliodes plotina plotina (Hewitson) (male, vía Capachal); 2. P. plotina plotina (Hewitson) (female, vía Naranjal); 3. Pedaliodes manis ivica Viloria &amp; Pyrcz n. ssp., HOLOTYPE (male, Altos de Pipe); 4. P. manis ivica Viloria &amp; Pyrcz n. ssp., PARATYPE (female, Altos de Pipe); 5. Pedaliodes piletha piletha (Hewitson) (male, vía Naranjal); 6. P. piletha piletha (Hewitson) (female, Los Colonos); 7. Pedaliodes piletha costa Viloria &amp; Pyrcz n. ssp., HOLOTYPE (male, Cerro San Isidro); 8. P. piletha costa Viloria &amp; Pyrcz n. ssp., PARATYPE (female, Cerro San Isidro); 9. Pedaliodes manneja Thieme (male, vía Capachal); 10. P. manneja Thieme (female, vía Capachal)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198120/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135EE082FFDBD160FEB45DEE0321FE58" box="[291,321,408,434]" captionStart="FIGURES 58 – 63. a" captionStartId="39.[151,271,1854,1878]" captionTargetBox="[270,1337,229,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[246,1348,179,1831]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 58 – 63. a Lateral view of the male genitalia of satyrine butterflies of the genus Pedaliodes Butler from the Cordillera de La Costa, Venezuela (aedeagus removed from its natural position in lateral [c, except in 59, where it is b] and ventral [b, except in 59] view); 58. P. croizatorum Viloria &amp; Camacho (Fila San Lorenzo, Monagas State, Venezuela); 59. P. ma nis m an is (C. &amp; R. Felder) (Qda. La Cuesta, Mérida State, Venezuela); 60. P. manis ivica Viloria &amp; Pyrcz n. ssp. (Cerro San Isidro); 61. P. manis ivica Viloria &amp; Pyrcz n. ssp., PARATYPE (Avila); 62. P. piletha costae Viloria &amp; Pyrcz n. ssp., PARATYPE (Cerro San Isidro); 63. P. piletha piletha (Hewitson) (Los Colonos)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198126/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">61</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAFC07FFDBD160FF005DAB011AFE1E" blockId="16.[151,1436,477,692]" box="[151,890,477,500]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB75DB29FFDBD160FF005DAB011AFE1E" box="[151,890,477,500]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
[
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFDBD160FF375DAB03BDFE1E" ID-CoL="956XB" authority="Hewitson" authorityName="Hewitson" box="[160,477,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pronophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisonia">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FF375DAB030EFE1E" box="[160,366,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pronophila pisonia</emphasis>
Hewitson
</taxonomicName>
, var.;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC4DA16FFDBD160FD8A5DAB0082FE1E" author="Hewitson" box="[541,738,477,500]" page="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1862">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF481F6FFDBD160FD8A5DAB00A9FE1E" author="Hewitson" box="[541,713,477,500]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Hewitson, W. C. (1862) On Pronophila, a genus of diurnal Lepidoptera; with figures on the new species, and reference to all those which have been previously figured or described. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1 (3), 1 - 17, pls. 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1862">Hewitson, 1862</bibRefCitation>
: 7
</treatmentCitation>
, pl.3, fig. 20].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAFC07FFDBD160FF005D8B010DFDFE" blockId="16.[151,1436,477,692]" box="[151,877,509,532]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB75DB29FFDBD160FF005D8B010DFDFE" box="[151,877,509,532]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
[
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFDBD160FF375D8B0302FDFE" ID-CoL="956VM" box="[160,354,509,532]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pronophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ereiba">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FF375D8B0302FDFE" box="[160,354,509,532]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pronophila ereiba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C. &amp; R. Felder, var.; C. &amp;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC4DA16FFDBD160FD155D8B0103FDFE" author="Felder" box="[642,867,509,532]" page="469" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1867">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF481F6FFDBD160FD155D8B014BFDFE" author="Felder" box="[642,811,509,532]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Felder, C. &amp; Felder, R. (1867) Reise der Osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. Zweite Abtheilung: Lepidoptera. Wien: Carl Gerold's Sohn, (3), [2] + 379 - 536, pls. 48 - 74." type="journal article" year="1867">R. Felder, 1867</bibRefCitation>
: 469
</treatmentCitation>
].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAFC07FFDBD160FF005E6B037EFD7E" blockId="16.[151,1436,477,692]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB75DB29FFDBD160FF005E6B037EFD7E" bridged="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFDBD160FF005E6B033AFDDE" box="[151,346,541,564]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pronophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manis">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FF005E6B033AFDDE" box="[151,346,541,564]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pronophila manis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C. &amp;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC4DA16FFDBD160FE3E5E6B00F4FDDE" author="Felder" box="[425,660,541,564]" page="469" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1867">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF481F6FFDBD160FE3E5E6B003AFDDE" author="Felder" box="[425,602,541,564]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Felder, C. &amp; Felder, R. (1867) Reise der Osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. Zweite Abtheilung: Lepidoptera. Wien: Carl Gerold's Sohn, (3), [2] + 379 - 536, pls. 48 - 74." type="journal article" year="1867">R. Felder, 1867</bibRefCitation>
: 469
</treatmentCitation>
.
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FD355E6B0092FDDE" box="[674,754,541,564]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Bogotá, Uricoechea, Felder Colln., (Rhop. slide No. 11668) [
<typeStatus id="54DE42A5FFDBD160FF5B5E4B0307FDBE" box="[204,359,573,596]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFDBD160FE065E4B0034FDBE" box="[401,596,573,596]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pronophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manis">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FE065E4B0034FDBE" box="[401,596,573,596]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pronophila manis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C. &amp; R. Felder, herein designated], RB, BMNH;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FBE85E4B06B7FDBE" box="[1151,1239,573,596]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
, [no data], Felder Colln., (1 genit. prep. ALV148-96) [
<typeStatus id="54DE42A5FFDBD160FDCC5E2B012AFD9E" box="[603,842,605,628]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPES</typeStatus>
of
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FCE25E2B01B0FD9E" box="[885,976,605,628]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. ma nis</emphasis>
C. &amp; R. Felder, herein designated], RB, BMNH.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAFC07FFDBD160FF005EEB00B9FD5E" blockId="16.[151,1436,477,692]" box="[151,729,669,692]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB75DB29FFDBD160FF005EEB00B9FD5E" box="[151,729,669,692]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFDBD160FF005EEB0334FD5E" ID-CoL="938TH" box="[151,340,669,692]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manis">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FF005EEB0334FD5E" box="[151,340,669,692]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pedaliodes manis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(C. &amp; R. Felder);
<treatmentCitation id="0AC4DA16FFDBD160FD8F5EEB00B5FD5E" author="Butler" box="[536,725,669,692]" page="174" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1868">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF481F6FFDBD160FD8F5EEB00C0FD5E" author="Butler" box="[536,672,669,692]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Butler, A. G. (1868) Catalogue of diurnal Lepidoptera of the family Satyridae in the collection of the British Museum. London: Taylor and Francis, vi + 211 pp., 5 pls." type="book" year="1868">Butler, 1868</bibRefCitation>
: 174
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37FAF8CFFDBD160FF005E94037FFBCD" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDAFC07FFDBD160FF005E94037FFBCD" blockId="16.[151,1437,738,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FF005E940379FD16" bold="true" box="[151,281,738,764]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFDBD160FEB75E9403A2FD11" box="[288,450,738,763]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="manis" subSpecies="ivica">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FEB75E9403A2FD11" box="[288,450,738,763]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. manis ivica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the nominate subspecies and other, as yet undescribed races of
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFDBD160FAAD5E9407FCFD11" box="[1338,1436,738,763]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manis">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FAAD5E9407FCFD11" box="[1338,1436,738,763]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. manis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring throughout the Andes from the CM to the Bolivian Yungas (more than 200 invididuals examined), in the considerably smaller size, the much lighter HWV ground color with more prominent greyish white postmedian markings. Consistent differences between
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FC825F24012EFC81" box="[789,846,850,875]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ivica</emphasis>
and other subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFDBD160FBF95F2406B1FC81" box="[1134,1233,850,875]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manis">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FBF95F2406B1FC81" box="[1134,1233,850,875]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. manis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also found in the male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="135EE082FFDBD160FE145F0E0018FC78" box="[387,632,888,914]" captionStart="FIGURES 58 – 63. a" captionStartId="39.[151,271,1854,1878]" captionTargetBox="[270,1337,229,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[246,1348,179,1831]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 58 – 63. a Lateral view of the male genitalia of satyrine butterflies of the genus Pedaliodes Butler from the Cordillera de La Costa, Venezuela (aedeagus removed from its natural position in lateral [c, except in 59, where it is b] and ventral [b, except in 59] view); 58. P. croizatorum Viloria &amp; Camacho (Fila San Lorenzo, Monagas State, Venezuela); 59. P. ma nis m an is (C. &amp; R. Felder) (Qda. La Cuesta, Mérida State, Venezuela); 60. P. manis ivica Viloria &amp; Pyrcz n. ssp. (Cerro San Isidro); 61. P. manis ivica Viloria &amp; Pyrcz n. ssp., PARATYPE (Avila); 62. P. piletha costae Viloria &amp; Pyrcz n. ssp., PARATYPE (Cerro San Isidro); 63. P. piletha piletha (Hewitson) (Los Colonos)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198126/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 58, 59, 60, 61</figureCitation>
). Specifically, the dorsal process of the valvae is short and acute, whereas in the nominate subspecies, as emphasised by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF481F6FFDBD160FCB05FEB01B4FC5D" author="Adams" box="[807,980,925,951]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Adams, M. J. (1986) Pronophiline butterflies (Satyridae) of the three Andean Cordilleras of Colombia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 87, 235 - 320." type="journal article" year="1986">Adams (1986)</bibRefCitation>
, it is long, nearly as long as the apical process, wide and serrate. On the genitalic level,
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFDBD160FD705FB401EEFC31" box="[743,910,962,987]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="manis" subSpecies="ivica">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FD705FB401EEFC31" box="[743,910,962,987]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. manis ivica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFDBD160FBE45FB40366FBE8" authority="Viloria &amp; Camacho" authorityName="Viloria &amp; Camacho" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="croizatorum">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FBE45FB40741FC31" box="[1139,1313,962,987]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. croizatorum</emphasis>
Viloria &amp; Camacho
</taxonomicName>
occurring in the ST. The latter has, however, conspicuous orange HWV markings which are absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFDBD160FF22587B0378FBCC" box="[181,280,1037,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manis">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FF22587B0378FBCC" box="[181,280,1037,1062]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. manis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37FAF8CFFDBD161FF5258440750FD98" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDAFC07FFDBD160FF525844000CFA76" blockId="16.[151,1437,738,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FF525844033FFBA6" bold="true" box="[197,351,1074,1100]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description:</emphasis>
MALE (
<figureCitation id="135EE082FFDBD160FE5E58440071FBA6" box="[457,529,1074,1100]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="32.[151,271,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[379,1174,253,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[258,1329,194,1800]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Adult satyrine butterflies from the Cordillera de La Costa, Venezuela (left: dorsal, right: ventral); 1. Pedaliodes plotina plotina (Hewitson) (male, vía Capachal); 2. P. plotina plotina (Hewitson) (female, vía Naranjal); 3. Pedaliodes manis ivica Viloria &amp; Pyrcz n. ssp., HOLOTYPE (male, Altos de Pipe); 4. P. manis ivica Viloria &amp; Pyrcz n. ssp., PARATYPE (female, Altos de Pipe); 5. Pedaliodes piletha piletha (Hewitson) (male, vía Naranjal); 6. P. piletha piletha (Hewitson) (female, Los Colonos); 7. Pedaliodes piletha costa Viloria &amp; Pyrcz n. ssp., HOLOTYPE (male, Cerro San Isidro); 8. P. piletha costa Viloria &amp; Pyrcz n. ssp., PARATYPE (female, Cerro San Isidro); 9. Pedaliodes manneja Thieme (male, vía Capachal); 10. P. manneja Thieme (female, vía Capachal)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198120/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
): Head, thorax and abdomen as in the nominate subspecies. FW length: 21.5–
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDBD160FF00582E0291FB98" box="[151,241,1112,1138]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity>
: mean: 23.1 mm, n = 21. FWD: Chocolate brown, slightly lighter and lustrous in outer one-third. HWD: Uniform chocolate brown. FWV: Dull brown, slightly darker in median area and along outer margin; dirty white scales along outer edge of postmedian line, denser towards costa, forming a short diffuse streak; a series of four tiny subapical yellow dots R5-M1 to M3-Cu1. HWV: Chestnut brown suffused with orange along anal margin and tornus; fine, greyish white scaling forming a broken median line; greyish white suffusion along distal edge of the postmedian line forming a white costal patch, a fine postmedian line from M1 to M3, and a widening band from M3 to tornus; a white submarginal dot in Cu1-Cu2. Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="135EE082FFDBD160FAFB594E02D9FA9D" captionStart="FIGURES 58 – 63. a" captionStartId="39.[151,271,1854,1878]" captionTargetBox="[270,1337,229,1811]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[246,1348,179,1831]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 58 – 63. a Lateral view of the male genitalia of satyrine butterflies of the genus Pedaliodes Butler from the Cordillera de La Costa, Venezuela (aedeagus removed from its natural position in lateral [c, except in 59, where it is b] and ventral [b, except in 59] view); 58. P. croizatorum Viloria &amp; Camacho (Fila San Lorenzo, Monagas State, Venezuela); 59. P. ma nis m an is (C. &amp; R. Felder) (Qda. La Cuesta, Mérida State, Venezuela); 60. P. manis ivica Viloria &amp; Pyrcz n. ssp. (Cerro San Isidro); 61. P. manis ivica Viloria &amp; Pyrcz n. ssp., PARATYPE (Avila); 62. P. piletha costae Viloria &amp; Pyrcz n. ssp., PARATYPE (Cerro San Isidro); 63. P. piletha piletha (Hewitson) (Los Colonos)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198126/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
): Primary valval process thin, pointed process, secondary process short and pointed; other sclerits not differing notably from other subspecies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAFC07FFDBD160FF5259DE0370F9E6" blockId="16.[151,1437,738,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
FEMALE (
<figureCitation id="135EE082FFDBD160FED959DE03FAFA28" box="[334,410,1448,1474]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="32.[151,271,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[379,1174,253,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[258,1329,194,1800]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Adult satyrine butterflies from the Cordillera de La Costa, Venezuela (left: dorsal, right: ventral); 1. Pedaliodes plotina plotina (Hewitson) (male, vía Capachal); 2. P. plotina plotina (Hewitson) (female, vía Naranjal); 3. Pedaliodes manis ivica Viloria &amp; Pyrcz n. ssp., HOLOTYPE (male, Altos de Pipe); 4. P. manis ivica Viloria &amp; Pyrcz n. ssp., PARATYPE (female, Altos de Pipe); 5. Pedaliodes piletha piletha (Hewitson) (male, vía Naranjal); 6. P. piletha piletha (Hewitson) (female, Los Colonos); 7. Pedaliodes piletha costa Viloria &amp; Pyrcz n. ssp., HOLOTYPE (male, Cerro San Isidro); 8. P. piletha costa Viloria &amp; Pyrcz n. ssp., PARATYPE (female, Cerro San Isidro); 9. Pedaliodes manneja Thieme (male, vía Capachal); 10. P. manneja Thieme (female, vía Capachal)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198120/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
): FW length: 22.5–
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDBD160FD1059DE0080FA28" box="[647,736,1448,1474]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity>
; 23.9 mm; n=5. Similar to male, but lighter brown on the upperside and with somewhat more prominent greyish white elements on the underside. Female genitalia: not examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAFC07FFDBD161FF525A610750FD98" blockId="16.[151,1437,738,2034]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1438,152,2007]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FF525A610375F9DB" bold="true" box="[197,277,1559,1585]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<typeStatus id="54DE42A5FFDBD160FF525A61036CF9DB" box="[197,268,1559,1585]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Types</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54DE42A5FFDBD160FE885A6E03ECF9D8" box="[287,396,1560,1586]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(male): Altos de Pipe-IVIC,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDBD160FD725A6E01EBF9D8" box="[741,907,1560,1586]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.625" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1625.0" valueMax="1650.0" valueMin="1600.0">1600–1650 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDBD160FC0F5A6E067EF9D8" box="[920,1054,1560,1586]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2010-03-07">07.III.2010</date>
, T. Pyrcz
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FB035A6E06D8F9DB" box="[1172,1208,1560,1585]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">leg</emphasis>
., MIZA;
<typeStatus id="54DE42A5FFDBD160FABD5A6E07FCF9D8" box="[1322,1436,1560,1586]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FF085A4B036CF9BD" box="[159,268,1597,1623]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">49 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FEDF5A4B03A2F9BD" box="[328,450,1597,1623]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">6 females</specimenCount>
): DISTRITO FEDERAL:
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FD6B5A4B013DF9BD" box="[764,861,1597,1623]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
: Parque Nacional Avila, Sabas
<collectingCountry id="F372BC97FFDBD160FB405A4B074DF9BD" box="[1239,1325,1597,1623]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nieves</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDBD160FAAE5A4B07F7F9BD" box="[1337,1431,1597,1623]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDBD160FF005A140345F996" box="[151,293,1634,1660]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1993-04-24">24.IV.1993</date>
, P. Rouche
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FE2B5A150383F996" box="[444,483,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">leg</emphasis>
., 3 MZUJ, 3 TWP;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FD745A140129F996" box="[739,841,1634,1660]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
: Parque Nacional Avila, Rio Catuche,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDBD160FAA25A1407F8F996" box="[1333,1432,1634,1660]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDBD160FF005AFE0341F948" box="[151,289,1672,1698]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1993-11-07">07.XI.1993</date>
, P. Rouche
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FE3A5AFE03B1F94B" box="[429,465,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">leg</emphasis>
., TWP;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FDAF5AFE00EDF948" box="[568,653,1672,1698]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: Parque Nacional Avila, Quebrada Anauco,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDBD160FB095AFE076DF948" box="[1182,1293,1672,1698]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1985-07">VII.1985</date>
,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDBD160FA8D5AFE0718F948" box="[1306,1400,1672,1698]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
, T. Pyrcz
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FF735ADB0369F92C" box="[228,265,1709,1734]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">leg</emphasis>
., TWP;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FEE75ADB03B2F92D" box="[368,466,1709,1735]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">7 males</specimenCount>
: P. N. El Avila, El Edén,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDBD160FC925ADB01E2F92D" box="[773,898,1709,1735]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1975-05-15">15.V.1975</date>
, R. Dietz
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FC695ADB0642F92C" box="[1022,1058,1709,1734]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">leg</emphasis>
., MIZA;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FB005ADB068DF92D" box="[1175,1261,1709,1735]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: Los Venados, Avila,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDBD160FF735AA4035EF906" box="[228,318,1746,1772]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDBD160FEDD5AA403B1F906" box="[330,465,1746,1772]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1981-03-03">03.III.1981</date>
, M. Costa
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FDD85AA50013F906" box="[591,627,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">leg</emphasis>
., MCC;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FD4F5AA4014BF906" box="[728,811,1746,1772]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: same data but
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDBD160FC4A5AA4063AF906" box="[989,1114,1746,1772]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1982-10-11">11.X.1982</date>
, MCC;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FB205AA40769F906" box="[1207,1289,1746,1772]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: Avila,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDBD160FAF65AA402D1F8F8" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDBD160FF2B5A8E032DF8F8" box="[188,333,1784,1810]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2003-07-19">
19.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF481F6FFDBD160FF4B5A8E032DF8F8" author="VII" box="[220,333,1784,1810]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Viloria, A. L., Pyrcz, T. W., Wojtusiak, J., Ferrer - Paris, J. R., Beccaloni, G. W., Sattler, K. &amp; Lees, D. C. (2003) A brachypterous butterfly?. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B, (Suppl.), Biology Letters, 270 (s 1), 21 - 24." type="journal article" year="2003">VII.2003</bibRefCitation>
</date>
, M. Costa
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FE5B5A8E0390F8FB" box="[460,496,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">leg</emphasis>
., MCC;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FDC25A8E00C9F8F8" box="[597,681,1784,1810]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: P. N. El Avila, Qda. Chacaito – Sabas
<collectingCountry id="F372BC97FFDBD160FBE75A8E06A1F8F8" box="[1136,1217,1784,1810]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nieves</collectingCountry>
trail,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDBD160FA925A8E07F8F8F8" box="[1285,1432,1784,1810]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1980-12-31">31.XII.1980</date>
, A. Neild
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FE9E5B6B034EF8DC" box="[265,302,1821,1846]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">leg</emphasis>
., AFNL;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FE305B6B039FF8DD" box="[423,511,1821,1847]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: same data but
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDBD160FD295B6B0150F8DD" box="[702,816,1821,1847]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1989-07">VII.1989</date>
, AFNL;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FC0A5B6B0661F8DD" box="[925,1025,1821,1847]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
: same data but
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDBD160FB285B6B0740F8DD" box="[1215,1312,1821,1847]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1993-11-07">7.XI.93</date>
, AFNL;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FA1A5B6B0280F8B6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
: Caracas, Berg Avila,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDBD160FE705B340023F8B6" box="[487,579,1858,1884]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDBD160FDC75B3400C6F8B6" box="[592,678,1858,1884]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1937-05">v-1937</date>
, P. Cor. Vogl;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FCC75B3401C2F8B6" box="[848,930,1858,1884]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, Caracas, Avila,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDBD160FBFE5B340690F8B6" box="[1129,1264,1858,1884]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1961-03-05">05.III.1961</date>
, R. Feige
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FAFE5B3507F4F8B6" box="[1385,1428,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">leg.</emphasis>
, ZSBS; MIRANDA:
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FE1A5B1E0383F868" box="[397,483,1896,1922]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: Altos de Pipe–IVIC,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDBD160FD7B5B1E01F4F868" box="[748,916,1896,1922]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1600.0" valueMax="1650.0" valueMin="1550.0">1550–1650 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDBD160FC365B1E0642F868" box="[929,1058,1896,1922]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2002-10-13">13.X.2002</date>
. A. Neild
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FB0A5B1E06A1F86B" box="[1181,1217,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">leg</emphasis>
., AFNL;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FAA05B1E07F8F868" box="[1335,1432,1896,1922]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
: Altos de Pipe - IVIC,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDBD160FE315BFB0031F84D" box="[422,593,1933,1959]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.625" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1625.0" valueMax="1650.0" valueMin="1600.0">1600–1650 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDBD160FDC95BFB008CF84D" box="[606,748,1933,1959]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2004-11-24">24.XI.2004</date>
, T. Pyrcz
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FCF05BFB01ECF84C" box="[871,908,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">leg</emphasis>
., TWP;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FC625BFB062DF84D" box="[1013,1101,1933,1959]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: same data but
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDBD160FA9D5BFB07F8F84D" box="[1290,1432,1933,1959]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2006-06-26">26.VI.2006</date>
, TWP;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FF725BC4035AF826" box="[229,314,1970,1996]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: same data but
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDBD160FE645BC4001DF826" box="[499,637,1970,1996]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2004-11-24">24.XI.2004</date>
, MZUJ;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FD705BC40128F826" box="[743,840,1970,1996]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
: same data but
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDBD160FB975BC406E9F826" box="[1024,1161,1970,1996]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2010-03-07">07.III.2010</date>
, MZUJ;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FB645BC40734F826" box="[1267,1364,1970,1996]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
: same data but
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDBD160FF695BAE03E7F818" box="[254,391,2008,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2010-03-08">08.III.2010</date>
, MZUJ; ARAGUA:
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDBD160FD175BAE00B5F818" box="[640,725,2008,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: Rancho Grande,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDBD160FC3D5BAE0199F818" box="[938,1017,2008,2034]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDBD160FB915BAE06F9F818" box="[1030,1177,2008,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1952-07-10">10.VII.1952</date>
, F. Fernández Y.
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDBD160FAFE5BAE07F4F81B" box="[1385,1428,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">leg.</emphasis>
, MIZA;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FF635CEE032AFF58" box="[244,330,152,178]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: Rancho Grande,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FDB55CEE001FFF58" box="[546,639,152,178]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FD1A5CEE016AFF58" box="[653,778,152,178]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1952-05-22">22.V.1952</date>
, F. Fernández Y.
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FC4B5CEE0670FF5B" box="[988,1040,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg..</emphasis>
MIZA;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FBE15CEE06ACFF58" box="[1142,1228,152,178]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: Rancho Grande,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FF005CCB0299FF3D" box="[151,249,189,215]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FE905CCB03D0FF3D" box="[263,432,189,215]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1952-08-10">10.VIII.1952</date>
, F. Fernández Y.
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FD075CCB00DFFF3C" box="[656,703,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg.</emphasis>
, MIZA;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FCA45CCB01EFFF3D" box="[819,911,189,215]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: Rancho Grande,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FBE45CCB06B5FF3D" box="[1139,1237,189,215]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FB745CCB0717FF3D" box="[1251,1399,189,215]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1954-06-28">28.VI.1954</date>
, F. Fernández Y.
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FEAC5C940306FF11" box="[315,358,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg.</emphasis>
, MIZA;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FE465C940046FF16" box="[465,550,226,252]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: Rancho Grande,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FD6D5C940135FF16" box="[762,853,226,252]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FCF55C9401BDFF16" box="[866,989,226,252]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1953-05-30">30.V.1953</date>
, F. Kern
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FBDC5C940616FF11" box="[1099,1142,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg.</emphasis>
, MIZA;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FB755C940756FF16" box="[1250,1334,226,252]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: Rancho Grande,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FE925D7E0308FEC8" box="[261,360,264,290]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FEE05D7E039CFEC8" box="[375,508,264,290]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1952-05-18">18.V.1952</date>
, Fernández Y.
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FD2B5D7E008BFECB" box="[700,747,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg.</emphasis>
, MIZA;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FCC85D7E01DBFEC8" box="[863,955,264,290]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: carretera Maracay-Choroní,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FAA35D7E07F7FEC8" box="[1332,1431,264,290]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FF005D5B0353FEAD" box="[151,307,301,327]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1952-08-04">04.VIII.1952</date>
, J. Requena
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FE505D5B0392FEAC" box="[455,498,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg.</emphasis>
, MIZA;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FDCB5D5B00D0FEAD" box="[604,688,301,327]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: carretera Maracay-Choroní,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FB9F5D5B0605FEAD" box="[1032,1125,301,327]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FBE65D5B0699FEAD" box="[1137,1273,301,327]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1952-06-24">24.VI.1952</date>
, F. Fernández Y.
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FF2F5D240283FE81" box="[184,227,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg.</emphasis>
, MIZA;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FED95D2403D9FE86" box="[334,441,338,364]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
: Rancho Grande,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FD1A5D240089FE86" box="[653,745,338,364]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FD625D24011EFE86" box="[757,894,338,364]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1952-09-25">25.IX.1952</date>
, F. Fernández Y.
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FBDB5D240617FE81" box="[1100,1143,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg.</emphasis>
, MIZA;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FB755D240757FE86" box="[1250,1335,338,364]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: Rancho Grande,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FF695D0E033BFE78" box="[254,347,376,402]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FEFF5D0E039CFE78" box="[360,508,376,402]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1952-07-15">15.VII.1952</date>
, F. Fernández Y.
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FD5A5D0E0099FE7B" box="[717,761,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg.</emphasis>
, MIZA;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FCF25D0E01DBFE78" box="[869,955,376,402]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: Rancho Grande,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FB055D0E068EFE78" box="[1170,1262,376,402]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FB6C5D0E071CFE78" box="[1275,1404,376,402]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1974-10-02">02.X.1974</date>
, J. Salcedo and J. Clavijo
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FE215DEB03BCFE5C" box="[438,476,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
., MIZA;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FDC35DEB00A5FE5D" box="[596,709,413,439]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
: Rancho Grande,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FC355DEB0662FE5D" box="[930,1026,413,439]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FB985DEB06FEFE5D" box="[1039,1182,413,439]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1976-09-13">13.IX.1976</date>
, F. Fernández and J. Clavijo
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FF635DB40378FE31" box="[244,280,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
., MIZA;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FE1F5DB40392FE36" box="[392,498,450,476]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
: Rancho Grande,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FD555DB4017DFE36" box="[706,797,450,476]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FCBF5DB401C7FE36" box="[808,935,450,476]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1953-10-21">21.X.1953</date>
, J. Requena
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FBAD5DB4063EFE31" box="[1082,1118,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
., MIZA;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FB5A5DB40757FE36" box="[1229,1335,450,476]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
: Rancho Grande,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FF695D9E033CFDE8" box="[254,348,488,514]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FEFF5D9E0385FDE8" box="[360,485,488,514]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1952-05-10">10.V.1952</date>
, F. Fernández Y.
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FD205D9E00BBFDEB" box="[695,731,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
., MIZA;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FCC75D9E01C7FDE8" box="[848,935,488,514]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: Colonia Tovar,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FBFA5D9E06ABFDE8" box="[1133,1227,488,514]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FB4F5D9E070DFDE8" box="[1240,1389,488,514]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2002-07-27">27.VII.2002</date>
, M. Costa
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FF745E7B0367FDCC" box="[227,263,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
., MCC;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FEE65E7B03A8FDCD" box="[369,456,525,551]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: Colonia Tovar,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FD195E7B014FFDCD" box="[654,815,525,551]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1900.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1800.0">1800–2000m</quantity>
.
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FCAD5E7B01DBFDCD" box="[826,955,525,551]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2002-10-12">12.X.2002</date>
, A. Neild
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FBAF5E7B063CFDCC" box="[1080,1116,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
., AFNL;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FB455E7B0748FDCD" box="[1234,1320,525,551]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: carretera Maracay-Choroní,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FEEF5E4403B4FDA6" box="[376,468,562,588]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF481F6FFDAD161FE765E44002EFDA6" author="VII" box="[481,590,562,588]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Viloria, A. L. &amp; Pyrcz, T. W. (1995) Notes on Pedaliodes roraimae Strand, a little known satyrid from south-eastern Venezuela (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Lambillionea, 95 (4), 584 - 586." type="journal article" year="1995">
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FE765E44002EFDA6" box="[481,590,562,588]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1995-07">VII.1995</date>
</bibRefCitation>
, F. Romero
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FD775E440164FDA1" box="[736,772,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
., FRR;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FCF45E4401D8FDA6" box="[867,952,562,588]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: same data but
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FBF85E4406ACFDA6" box="[1135,1228,562,588]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1250.0">1250 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FB4F5E440759FDA6" box="[1240,1337,562,588]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1975-04">IV.1975</date>
, FRR;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FA1A5E4402B4FD98" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: same data but
<bibRefCitation id="EFF481F6FFDAD161FE105E2E0380FD98" author="II" box="[391,480,600,626]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Vuilleumier, F. &amp; Ewert, D. N. (1978) The distribution of birds in Venezuelan paramos. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 162 (2), 49 - 90." type="journal article" year="1978">
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FE105E2E0380FD98" box="[391,480,600,626]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1978-02">II.1978</date>
</bibRefCitation>
, FRR;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FDA55E2E00FCFD98" box="[562,668,600,626]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
: Rancho Grande, Portachuelo,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FB9F5E2E0602FD98" box="[1032,1122,600,626]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FBF95E2E0685FD98" box="[1134,1253,600,626]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1978-08">VIII.1978</date>
, FRR.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37FAF8CFFDAD161FF525E0B0748FBBD" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDAFC07FFDAD161FF525E0B0748FBBD" blockId="17.[151,1438,152,2007]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FF525E0B03B8FD7D" bold="true" box="[197,472,637,663]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Additional material:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED7464C2FFDAD161FE775E0B00EFFD7D" box="[480,655,637,663]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CARABOBO</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FD0B5E0B0172FD7D" box="[668,786,637,663]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">16 males</specimenCount>
:
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FC895E0B010DFD7D" box="[798,877,637,663]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
N Bejuma, Cerro San Isidro,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FB7F5E0B07F8FD7D" box="[1256,1432,637,663]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.575" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1575.0" valueMax="1600.0" valueMin="1550.0">1550–1600 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FF005ED40355FD56" box="[151,309,674,700]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2003-08-10">10.VIII.2003</date>
, T. Pyrcz
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FE395ED403B2FD51" box="[430,466,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
., TWP;
<collectionCode id="ED7464C2FFDAD161FDAD5ED400ACFD56" box="[570,716,674,700]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MIRANDA</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FD4F5ED40125FD56" box="[728,837,674,700]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
: Qda. Pasaquire,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FB815ED406CBFD56" box="[1046,1195,674,700]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1982-07-04">04.VII.1982</date>
, J. DeMarmels
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FAFF5ED407F4FD51" box="[1384,1428,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg.</emphasis>
,
<collectionCode id="ED7464C2FFDAD161FF005EBE0288FD08" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" box="[151,232,712,738]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" name="Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola Francisco Fernandez Yepez" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MIZA</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FF635EBE032BFD08" box="[244,331,712,738]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: P.N. Guatopo, Agua Blanca (Macanillas),
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FCF65EBE01CEFD08" box="[865,942,712,738]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="410.0">410 m</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FC285EBE0641FD08" box="[959,1057,712,738]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
),
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FBA05EBE068EFD08" box="[1079,1262,712,738]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1987-04-14" valueMax="1987-04-27" valueMin="1987-04-14">14–27.IV.1987</date>
, T. Pyrcz
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FAFF5EBE07EDFD0B" box="[1384,1421,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
.,
<collectionCode id="ED7464C2FFDAD161FF005E9B0286FCED" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" box="[151,230,749,775]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" name="Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola Francisco Fernandez Yepez" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MIZA</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode id="ED7464C2FFDAD161FF665E9B0313FCED" box="[241,371,749,775]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ARAGUA</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FEE95E9B03BCFCED" box="[382,476,749,775]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
: Tiara,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FDA55E9B00EDFCED" box="[562,653,749,775]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FD0E5E9B0141FCED" box="[665,801,749,775]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1992-11-12">12.XI.1992</date>
, J. Clavijo, J. DeMarmels and J. L García
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FA985E9B0752FCEC" box="[1295,1330,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
.,
<collectionCode id="ED7464C2FFDAD161FADE5E9B07F7FCED" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" box="[1353,1431,749,775]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" name="Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola Francisco Fernandez Yepez" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MIZA</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FF005F640292FCC6" box="[151,242,786,812]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: same data but
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FE2F5F64001BFCC6" box="[440,635,786,812]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1992-11-25" valueMax="1992-11-27" valueMin="1992-11-25">25–27.XI.1992</date>
, J. Clavijo and A. Chacón
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FC425F64019CFCC1" box="[981,1020,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
.,
<collectionCode id="ED7464C2FFDAD161FB805F64060BFCC6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" box="[1047,1131,786,812]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" name="Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola Francisco Fernandez Yepez" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MIZA</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FBEF5F640680FCC6" box="[1144,1248,786,812]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
: same data but
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FF005F4E0374FCB8" box="[151,276,824,850]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1994-05-24">24.V.1994</date>
, J. Clavijo, A. Chacón and Q. Arias
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FD475F4E0095FCBB" box="[720,757,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
.,
<collectionCode id="ED7464C2FFDAD161FC9A5F4E013DFCB8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" box="[781,861,824,850]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" name="Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola Francisco Fernandez Yepez" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MIZA</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FCFD5F4E01A0FCB8" box="[874,960,824,850]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: same data but
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FBEC5F4E0698FCB8" box="[1147,1272,824,850]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1994-05-26">26.V.1994</date>
, J. Clavijo, J. DeMarmels and A.Chacón
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FE755F2B0067FC9C" box="[482,519,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
.,
<collectionCode id="ED7464C2FFDAD161FD885F2B0010FC9D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" box="[543,624,861,887]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" name="Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola Francisco Fernandez Yepez" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MIZA</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FDEA5F2B00BFFC9D" box="[637,735,861,887]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
: same data but
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FC0C5F2B0679FC9D" box="[923,1049,861,887]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1994-05-17">17.V.1994</date>
, A. Chacón and R. Grance
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FAFF5F2B07EDFC9C" box="[1384,1421,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
.,
<collectionCode id="ED7464C2FFDAD161FF005FF4028CFC76" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" box="[151,236,898,924]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" name="Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola Francisco Fernandez Yepez" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MIZA</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FF6D5FF40304FC76" box="[250,356,898,924]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
: same data but
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FDB95FF400DAFC76" box="[558,698,898,924]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1994-10-10">10.X.1994</date>
, J. DeMarmels y A. Chacón
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FBA35FF4063BFC71" box="[1076,1115,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
.,
<collectionCode id="ED7464C2FFDAD161FBE05FF406ACFC76" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" box="[1143,1228,898,924]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" name="Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola Francisco Fernandez Yepez" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MIZA</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FB4D5FF40723FC76" box="[1242,1347,898,924]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
: Tiara, Campamento Rangel,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FE095FDE039BFC28" box="[414,507,936,962]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FD905FDE00E5FC28" box="[519,645,936,962]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1986-02-20">20.II.1986</date>
, F. Fernández Y. and J.Clavijo
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FC625FDE0679FC2B" box="[1013,1049,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
.,
<collectionCode id="ED7464C2FFDAD161FBA75FDE061EFC28" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" box="[1072,1150,936,962]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" name="Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola Francisco Fernandez Yepez" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MIZA</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FB1C5FDE068BFC28" box="[1163,1259,936,962]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
: Villa de Cura, Est. Exp. Cataurito,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FE135FBB0062FC0D" box="[388,514,973,999]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1981-10-27">27.X.1981</date>
, J. DeMarmels
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FD2C5FBB00BFFC0C" box="[699,735,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
.,
<collectionCode id="ED7464C2FFDAD161FD635FBB0123FC0D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" box="[756,835,973,999]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" name="Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola Francisco Fernandez Yepez" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MIZA</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FCD95FBB01C2FC0D" box="[846,930,973,999]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: Tasajera, al sur de La Victoria El Consejo,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FF005F840378FBE6" box="[151,280,1010,1036]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1983-02-06">06.II.1983</date>
, J. A. Clavijo
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FE5E5F84038EFBE1" box="[457,494,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
.,
<collectionCode id="ED7464C2FFDAD161FD915F840037FBE6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" box="[518,599,1010,1036]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" name="Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola Francisco Fernandez Yepez" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MIZA</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FDF45F8400B2FBE6" box="[611,722,1010,1036]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
: Tiara, 1200,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FCED5F8401FAFBE6" box="[890,922,1010,1036]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1994-06-23">23</date>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF481F6FFDAD161FC0A5F840667FBE6" author="VI" box="[925,1031,1010,1036]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Viloria, A. L. (1994) High Andean Pronophilini from Venezuela: two new species of Diaphanos (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 48 (3), 180 - 189." type="journal article" year="1994">VI.1994</bibRefCitation>
, J. DeMarmels y A. Chacón
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FAFF5F8407EDFBE1" box="[1384,1421,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
.,
<collectionCode id="ED7464C2FFDAD161FF00586E028AFBD8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" box="[151,234,1048,1074]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" name="Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola Francisco Fernandez Yepez" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MIZA</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FF60586E030AFBD8" box="[247,362,1048,1074]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
: Villa de Cura, Est. Exp. Cataurito,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FCA4586E01F5FBD8" box="[819,917,1048,1074]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FC34586E065FFBD8" box="[931,1087,1048,1074]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1982-07-21">21.VII.1982</date>
, J. DeMarmels
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FA92586E0754FBDB" box="[1285,1332,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg.</emphasis>
,
<collectionCode id="ED7464C2FFDAD161FAD2586E07F8FBD8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" box="[1349,1432,1048,1074]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33834" name="Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola Francisco Fernandez Yepez" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MIZA</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode id="ED7464C2FFDAD161FF00584B0342FBBD" box="[151,290,1085,1111]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">GUARICO</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FEBB584B03F5FBBD" box="[300,405,1085,1111]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">18 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D63378EFFDAD161FE59584B0024FBBD" box="[462,580,1085,1111]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
: Cerro Platillón,
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FC9D584B01CFFBBD" box="[778,943,1085,1111]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.675" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.45" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1675.0" valueMax="1900.0" valueMin="1450.0">1450–1900 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDBDAC7FFDAD161FC2C584B0658FBBD" box="[955,1080,1085,1111]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2007-02-24">
24.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF481F6FFDAD161FC49584B0658FBBD" author="II" box="[990,1080,1085,1111]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Viloria, A. L. (2007) The Pronophilina: synopsis of their biology and systematics. Tropical Lepidoptera, 15 (1 - 2), 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="2007">II.2007</bibRefCitation>
</date>
, T. Pyrcz
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FB3B584B06B0FBBC" box="[1196,1232,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
., TWP.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37FAF8CFFDAD161FF5258140036FAF8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDAFC07FFDAD161FF525814002EFB2D" blockId="17.[151,1438,152,2007]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FF5258140338FB96" bold="true" box="[197,344,1122,1148]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Etymology:</emphasis>
The epithet of this subspecies is derived from the Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientficas because the
<typeStatus id="54DE42A5FFDAD161FE3458FE0069FB48" box="[419,521,1160,1186]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and a series of
<typeStatus id="54DE42A5FFDAD161FD2858FE014FFB48" box="[703,815,1160,1186]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
were collected in the area of Altos de Pipe in a small cloud forest patch belonging to IVIC.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAFC07FFDAD161FF5258A400B8FB06" blockId="17.[151,1438,152,2007]" box="[197,728,1234,1260]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FF5258A403D0FB06" bold="true" box="[197,432,1234,1260]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Geographic range:</emphasis>
SL (central and eastern).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAFC07FFDAD161FF5258810036FAF8" blockId="17.[151,1438,152,2007]" box="[197,598,1271,1298]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FF52588103C6FAFB" bold="true" box="[197,422,1271,1297]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Altitudinal range:</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FE3A588E0031FAF8" box="[429,593,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1500.0" valueMax="1900.0" valueMin="1100.0">1100–1900 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37FAF8CFFDAD162FF52596B03B2FEAD" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDAFC07FFDAD162FF52596B03B2FEAD" blockId="17.[151,1438,152,2007]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,152,327]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FF52596B0320FADD" bold="true" box="[197,320,1309,1335]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks:</emphasis>
This is the first subspecies of
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FD34596B0163FADC" box="[675,771,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. m a n i s</emphasis>
(other than the nominate) to be formally recognized and described. However,
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FE0C5935039FFAB6" box="[411,511,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. m a n i s</emphasis>
is clearly polytypic with several well differentiated subspecies that can be identified by their color patterns, ecology and mostly by their male genital morphology, as can be appreciated in figures 58–61. The nominate subspecies was described from the area of Bogotá and it occurs throughout the EC. Several local populations deserve a separate subspecific status, particularly those found in the northernmost part of
<collectingCountry id="F372BC97FFDAD161FE3B59AE0387FA18" box="[428,487,1496,1522]" name="Peru" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Peru</collectingCountry>
(Pyrcz, 2004), the SNSM, and CM. The individuals collected in Bejuma (westernmost SL) and in the Serranía del Interior (most from Cerro Platillón) are excluded from the
<typeStatus id="54DE42A5FFDAD161FAFF598B07FCF9FD" box="[1384,1436,1533,1559]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
series of
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FE955A55035BF9D6" box="[258,315,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ivica</emphasis>
. They are morphologically slightly different from typical individuals of
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FB0F5A5506B1F9D6" box="[1176,1233,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ivica</emphasis>
from central SL. The specimens from Bejuma are darker, less patterned on the HWV, and differ in the shape of the dorsal process of the valvae. Those from Cerro Platillón are even smaller than typical
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FBC35A1B06EEF96C" box="[1108,1166,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ivica</emphasis>
, and have particularly conspicuous HWV grey-white markings. They also come from widely isolated geographic units.
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFDAD161FA8E5AE50280F93B" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manis">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FA8E5AE50280F93B" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pedaliodes manis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents interesting ecological adaptations. The EC and CM populations are adapted to secondary growths, and are commonly found in pastures and cultivated land. They occur far away from bamboo stands and, although their early stages have not been investigated so far, their larvae probably feed on nonbamboosoid exotic
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFDAD161FE155B5E0387F8A8" box="[386,487,1832,1858]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFDAD161FDC45B5E00D1F8AB" box="[595,689,1832,1857]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FDC45B5E00D1F8AB" box="[595,689,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Festuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFDAD161FD7A5B5E017DF8AB" box="[749,797,1832,1857]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FD7A5B5E017DF8AB" box="[749,797,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Poa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In
<collectingCountry id="F372BC97FFDAD161FCD95B5E01D1F8A8" box="[846,945,1832,1858]" name="Ecuador" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F372BC97FFDAD161FC7A5B5E0644F8A8" box="[1005,1060,1832,1858]" name="Peru" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Peru</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FBBB5B5E06EEF8AB" box="[1068,1166,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. m a n i s</emphasis>
are always associated with cloud forests and are always found in the vicinity of bamboos. The same applies for
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFDAD161FB275B3B0733F88C" box="[1200,1363,1869,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="manis" subSpecies="ivica">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FB275B3B0733F88C" box="[1200,1363,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. manis ivica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the SL and the SI populations. Even though they commonly occur in disturbed areas, they are invariably associated with bamboo clumps, their plausible host plants.
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFDAD161FCFC5BEE0673F85B" box="[875,1043,1944,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="manis" subSpecies="ivica">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFDAD161FCFC5BEE0673F85B" box="[875,1043,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. manis ivica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found at low elevations, most often at
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFDAD161FF695BCB03C6F83D" box="[254,422,1981,2007]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1500.0" valueMax="1600.0" valueMin="1400.0">1400–1600 m</quantity>
asl. The Cerro Platillón population extends its elevational range to the top of this isolated mountain at above
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFD9D162FE405CEE004FFF58" box="[471,559,152,178]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</quantity>
asl. Isolated individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFD9D162FCE75CEE0672FF5B" box="[880,1042,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="manis" subSpecies="ivica">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFD9D162FCE75CEE0672FF5B" box="[880,1042,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. manis ivica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were recorded at particularly low elevations, at
<quantity id="4C9D51E2FFD9D162FED05CCB03C5FF3D" box="[327,421,189,215]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
in the Portachuelo Pass, Henrí Pittier National Park, and Macanillas in Guatopo National Park.
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFD9D162FED15C940388FF11" box="[326,488,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="manis" subSpecies="ivica">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFD9D162FED15C940388FF11" box="[326,488,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. manis ivica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in small, localized but high density populations. Adults are found on the wing throughout the year.
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFD9D162FE5E5D7E000BFECB" box="[457,619,264,289]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pedaliodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="manis" subSpecies="ivica">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFD9D162FE5E5D7E000BFECB" box="[457,619,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. manis ivica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is microsympatric with
<emphasis id="B9112015FFD9D162FC105D7E07FCFECB" box="[903,1436,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFD9D162FC105D7E0613FECB" box="[903,1139,264,289]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pronophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">Pronophila obscura</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFD9D162FBE85D7E07FCFECB" box="[1151,1436,264,289]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudomaniola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaselis">Pseudomaniola phaselis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C658784FFD9D162FF5F5D5B03ABFEAC" box="[200,459,301,326]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Lymanopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucana">
<emphasis id="B9112015FFD9D162FF5F5D5B03ABFEAC" box="[200,459,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Lymanopoda caucana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink