283 lines
31 KiB
XML
283 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="695F2872359B26514F2BADFFF0C4537C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5171072" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5171072" ID-ZooBank="B3B8DB38-017E-4A23-8578-24C40170CA08" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628293436331" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Rodríguez, José Mauricio Montes & Kondo, Takumasa" docDate="2016" docId="03C2147CFFB7FF962EF5FE0FFBF8FE83" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0485.1-6.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2016 (485)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Odonaspis ruthae Kotinsky Gland 1915" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFFB6C04FFB2FF932E35FFECFFC1F878" masterDocTitle="First record of the Bermuda grass scale Odonaspis ruthae Kotinsky, 1915 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) in Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="6" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1699041029160" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4ABF09B58F35C4D8F16EE28F48225100">
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<mods:title id="8DDDFF8E926EA376387C57A07ACCB068">First record of the Bermuda grass scale Odonaspis ruthae Kotinsky, 1915 (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) in Colombia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0F6857F738D555824DF4CE5D41E92B9E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="7DBB05CB110C21AFE1DC8EF9AA62F646">Rodríguez, José Mauricio Montes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="D19F4242BD35FB940C07C77ECCE05941" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AC56053FFD27F4D44C0C8D9E8AAD6DA8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B60B1936527F1D238AEFA40378C87A2B">Kondo, Takumasa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B217386E6DADFD60BA974684AF4401D9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D1491FE3320F76683AA6F8DCB25C846F">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="CE9E748E0D96FC54F4AB9EA438C19DB3">
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<mods:date id="EAFD842E16B25DDC73A62E352A1BE786">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="101A0758C627097FF3ACB244387F16F1">2016-06-24</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="9446076E00436F05614991081251C7A7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F14162828D7627D159B650D2BA82C324">2016</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6A759A579349FAC66D992BE668882997" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="FA96ED0F6BA95F22E053A64328932188">485</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="80BCCDAE8A0D7C083855E4AC60167FE9">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="6E90AFF8864B6F1CBB7D43C707F2D774">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EBC5F7CF0BD29E22822ECD53865D831F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5171072</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="088C6FBEAB4972FFDC159CD17D3A4827" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03C2147CFFB7FF962EF5FE0FFBF8FE83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2147CFFB7FF962EF5FE0FFBF8FE83" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C2147CFFB7FF962EF5FE0FFBF8FE83" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="C371F6E1FFB7FF962EF5FE0FFDF7F983" box="[192,566,483,507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD4A56AFFB7FF962EF5FE0FFDF7F983" blockId="5.[192,566,483,507]" box="[192,566,483,507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="D09C1206FFB7FF962EF5FE0FFDF7F983" bold="true" box="[192,566,483,507]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BDEE9FFB7FF962EF5FE0FFDF7F983" ID-CoL="74HM5" authority="Kotinsky" authorityName="Kotinsky Gland" authorityYear="1915" box="[192,566,483,507]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Odonaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruthae">
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<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962EF5FE0FFDF7F983" bold="true" box="[192,566,483,507]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962EF5FE0FFE75F983" bold="true" box="[192,436,483,507]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Odonaspis ruthae</emphasis>
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Kotinsky
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C371F6E1FFB7FF962EF5FDCFFD65FBC3" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD4A56AFFB7FF962EF5FDCFFE87FA43" blockId="5.[192,326,547,571]" box="[192,326,547,571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962EF5FDCFFE87FA43" bold="true" box="[192,326,547,571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4A56AFFB7FF962EF5FD8FFA61FB63" blockId="5.[192,1441,611,795]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962EF5FD8FFE3BFA03" bold="true" box="[192,506,611,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Unmounted specimens</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1350B9EFFFB7FF962C3FFD8FFD49FA03" box="[522,648,611,635]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[192,275,1602,1624]" captionTargetBox="[206,1428,202,1574]" captionTargetId="figure-89@4.[192,1441,192,1582]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Odonaspis ruthae Kotinsky. A. Adult female (larger oval shape scale cover) and male (elongate test, e.g., specimen on left side of photo) and female (smaller round tests) second-instar nymphs after removing the leaf sheaths of its host. B. Close-up of adult female tests in life. C. Adult female as seen on slide. D. Details of the pygidium (dorsal side). E. Details of the pygidium (ventral side)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5171078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5171078/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
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). Scale cover of the adult female moderately convex, oval to cone shape, white in color; ventral side of cover thick; exuviae of earlier stages present on margin of waxy cover; scale cover yellow or brown when rubbed; male scale cover elongate oval, of similar color and texture to the female scale cover, of a yellow color when rubbed; adult female body pinkish in color; eggs pink or red in color; first-instar nymphs (crawlers) pink in color; commonly found on grasses, especially at the bases of leaf sheaths, stolons and roots, and occasionally on the leaves (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFAD89BFFB7FF962A6CFCEFFA55FB63" author="Miller, D. R. & J. A. Davidson" box="[1113,1428,771,795]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref4192" refString="Miller, D. R., and J. A. Davidson. 2005. Armored scale insect pests of trees and shrubs. Cornell University Press; Ithaca, NY. 442 p." type="book" year="2005">Miller and Davidson 2005</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD4A56AFFB7FF962EF5FCAFFD65FBC3" blockId="5.[192,1440,835,955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962EF5FCAFFE12FB23" bold="true" box="[192,467,835,859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Mounted specimens</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1350B9EFFFB7FF962FD0FCAFFD76FB23" box="[485,695,835,859]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[192,275,1602,1624]" captionTargetBox="[206,1428,202,1574]" captionTargetId="figure-89@4.[192,1441,192,1582]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Odonaspis ruthae Kotinsky. A. Adult female (larger oval shape scale cover) and male (elongate test, e.g., specimen on left side of photo) and female (smaller round tests) second-instar nymphs after removing the leaf sheaths of its host. B. Close-up of adult female tests in life. C. Adult female as seen on slide. D. Details of the pygidium (dorsal side). E. Details of the pygidium (ventral side)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5171078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5171078/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1C, D and E</figureCitation>
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). Perivulvar pores present (
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<figureCitation id="1350B9EFFFB7FF962A3AFCAFFBAAFB23" box="[1039,1131,835,859]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[192,275,1602,1624]" captionTargetBox="[206,1428,202,1574]" captionTargetId="figure-89@4.[192,1441,192,1582]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Odonaspis ruthae Kotinsky. A. Adult female (larger oval shape scale cover) and male (elongate test, e.g., specimen on left side of photo) and female (smaller round tests) second-instar nymphs after removing the leaf sheaths of its host. B. Close-up of adult female tests in life. C. Adult female as seen on slide. D. Details of the pygidium (dorsal side). E. Details of the pygidium (ventral side)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5171078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5171078/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
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); vulva placed at level or posterior to level of anus; postvulvar sternite not sclerotized; ventral macroducts present on all abdominal segments, each as wide as dorsal macroducts; gland tubercles absent from thorax; pygidial margin with 1 pair of scleroses (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFAD89BFFB7FF962FD3FC4FFD56FBC3" author="Ben-Dov, Y." box="[486,663,931,955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref3700" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. 1988. A taxonomic analysis of the armored scale tribe Odonaspidini of the world (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., USA. Technical Bulletin No. 1723: 1 - 142." type="book" year="1988">Ben-Dov 1988</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C371F6E1FFB7FF962EF5FC0FFA53FE63" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD4A56AFFB7FF962EF5FC0FFC33FC83" blockId="5.[192,1441,995,1564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962EF5FC0FFE85FB83" bold="true" box="[192,324,995,1019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Of the 43 species of scale insects assigned to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BDEE9FFB7FF962DC2FC0FFBB9FB83" authorityName="Leonardi" authorityYear="1897" box="[1015,1144,995,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Odonaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962DC2FC0FFBB9FB83" box="[1015,1144,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Odonaspis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, nine species have been recorded from the Neotropical region, namely,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BDEE9FFB7FF962CCFFBE8FBE0FC63" authority="Balachowsky" authorityName="Balachowsky" authorityYear="1957" box="[762,1057,1027,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Odonaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benardi">
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<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962CCFFBE8FCBAFC63" box="[762,891,1027,1051]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">O. benardi</emphasis>
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Balachowsky
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962A04FBEFFB79FC63" box="[1073,1208,1027,1051]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962AF6FBEFFAC7FC63" box="[1219,1286,1027,1051]" name="Cuba" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Cuba</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962B27FBEFFA5DFC63" box="[1298,1436,1027,1051]" name="Guatemala" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962EF5FBCFFEFBFC43" box="[192,314,1059,1083]" name="Honduras" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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, Martinique),
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BDEE9FFB7FF962FD5FBC8FCD7FC43" authority="Ben-Dov" authorityName="Ben-Dov" box="[480,790,1059,1083]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Odonaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galapagoensis">
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<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962FD5FBC8FD68FC43" box="[480,681,1059,1083]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">O. galapagoensis</emphasis>
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Ben-Dov
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</taxonomicName>
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(Galapagos island),
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BDEE9FFB7FF962A37FBC8FB3DFC43" authority="(Cockerell)" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" box="[1026,1276,1059,1083]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Odonaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greenii">
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<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962A37FBC8FBB5FC43" box="[1026,1140,1060,1083]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">O. greenii</emphasis>
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(Cockerell)
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</taxonomicName>
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(Guadeloupe,
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<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962EF5FBAFFEE5FC23" box="[192,292,1091,1115]" name="Guyana" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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, Martinique, Saint Lucia,
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<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962C4EFBAFFD38FC23" box="[635,761,1091,1115]" name="Suriname" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Suriname</collectingCountry>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BDEE9FFB7FF962D27FBA8FBB4FC23" authority="Ferris" authorityName="Ferris" authorityYear="1921" box="[786,1141,1091,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Odonaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="litorosa">
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<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962D27FBA8FC56FC23" box="[786,919,1091,1115]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">O. litorosa</emphasis>
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Ferris (
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<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962A37FBAFFBADFC23" box="[1026,1132,1091,1115]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Panama</collectingCountry>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BDEE9FFB7FF962AB0FBA8FEF7FC03" authority="Ben-Dov" authorityName="Ben-Dov" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Odonaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucipora">
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<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962AB0FBA8FB5BFC23" box="[1157,1178,1092,1115]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">O</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962A98FBA8FAE8FC23" box="[1197,1321,1092,1115]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">paucipora</emphasis>
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Ben-Dov (
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<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962EFCFB8FFEECFC03" box="[201,301,1123,1147]" name="Guyana" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BDEE9FFB7FF962F76FB88FE77FC03" authorityName="Kotinsky Gland" authorityYear="1915" box="[323,438,1123,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Odonaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruthae">
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<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962F76FB88FE77FC03" box="[323,438,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">O. ruthae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962FF2FB8FFD86FC03" box="[455,583,1123,1147]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962C66FB8FFD6AFC03" box="[595,683,1123,1147]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962C8DFB8FFCC4FC03" box="[696,773,1123,1147]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962D27FB8FFC94FC03" box="[786,853,1123,1147]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Chile</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962D57FB8FFC61FC03" box="[866,928,1123,1147]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Peru</collectingCountry>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BDEE9FFB7FF962D80FB88FAD7FC03" authority="(Zehntner)" baseAuthorityName="Zehntner" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[949,1302,1123,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Odonaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccharicaulis">
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<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962D80FB88FB49FC03" box="[949,1160,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">O. saccharicaulis</emphasis>
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(Zehntner)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962B12FB8FFA5DFC03" box="[1319,1436,1123,1147]" name="Bahamas" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962EF5FB6FFECDFCE3" box="[192,268,1155,1179]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962F23FB6FFE59FCE3" box="[278,408,1155,1179]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962F94FB6FFE22FCE3" box="[417,483,1155,1179]" name="Cuba" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Cuba</collectingCountry>
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,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962FD8FB6FFDB4FCE3" box="[493,629,1155,1179]" name="Guatemala" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962C4AFB6FFD3BFCE3" box="[639,762,1155,1179]" name="Honduras" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962D31FB68FC53FCE3" box="[772,914,1155,1179]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49AF6B88FFB7FF962DFFFB6FFBE8FCE3" box="[970,1065,1155,1179]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Vieques" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Vieques</collectingRegion>
|
|
Island,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962AB3FB6FFA5DFCE3" box="[1158,1436,1155,1179]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Sao Tome and Principe</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962EF5FB4FFE6EFCC3" box="[192,431,1187,1211]" name="United States Virgin Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">U.S. Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962F8AFB4FFDFEFCC3" box="[447,575,1187,1211]" name="Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
|
), and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6BDEE9FFB7FF962CBBFB48FC59FCC3" authority="(Cockerell)" authorityName="Perivulvar" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[654,920,1187,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Odonaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secreta">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962CBBFB48FCC6FCC3" box="[654,775,1188,1211]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">O. secreta</emphasis>
|
|
(Cockerell)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962D9EFB4FFC2EFCC3" box="[939,1007,1187,1211]" name="Cuba" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
|
, Guadeloupe) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAD89BFFB7FF962A99FB4FFA55FCC3" author="Garcia, M. & B. Denno & D. R. Miller & G. L. Miller & Y. Ben-Dov & N. B. Hardy" box="[1196,1428,1187,1211]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref3920" refString="Garcia, M., B. Denno, D. R. Miller, G. L. Miller, Y. Ben-Dov, and N. B. Hardy. 2016. ScaleNet: A Literature-based Model of Scale Insect Biology and Systematics. Available at ~ http: // scalenet. info (Available at ~ http: // scalenet. info. Last accessed November 16, 2015.)" type="url" year="2016">Garcia et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Interestingly all species hitherto recorded from the Neotropical region have perivulvar pores which may be lacking in species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6BDEE9FFB7FF962FE9FB0FFD9CFC83" authorityName="Leonardi" authorityYear="1897" box="[476,605,1251,1275]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Odonaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962FE9FB0FFD9CFC83" box="[476,605,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Odonaspis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from other geographical regions.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD4A56AFFB7FF962EC5FAEFFD0DFDE3" blockId="5.[192,1441,995,1564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
|
The
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962F1CFAEFFE5BFD63" box="[297,410,1283,1307]" name="Bermuda" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
|
grass scale is widely distributed in the New World, from North, Central and South America (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAD89BFFB7FF962F0CFACFFDE0FD43" author="Garcia, M. & B. Denno & D. R. Miller & G. L. Miller & Y. Ben-Dov & N. B. Hardy" box="[313,545,1315,1339]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref3920" refString="Garcia, M., B. Denno, D. R. Miller, G. L. Miller, Y. Ben-Dov, and N. B. Hardy. 2016. ScaleNet: A Literature-based Model of Scale Insect Biology and Systematics. Available at ~ http: // scalenet. info (Available at ~ http: // scalenet. info. Last accessed November 16, 2015.)" type="url" year="2016">Garcia et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6BDEE9FFB7FF962C0DFACFFCD5FD43" authorityName="Kotinsky Gland" authorityYear="1915" box="[568,788,1315,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Odonaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruthae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962C0DFACFFCD5FD43" box="[568,788,1315,1339]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Odonaspis ruthae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is considered an invasive species in South America (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAD89BFFB7FF962EFDFAAFFE14FD23" author="Wyckhuys, K. A. G. & T. Kondo & B. V. Herrera & D. R. Miller & N. Naranjo & G. Hyman" box="[200,469,1347,1371]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref4453" refString="Wyckhuys, K. A. G., T. Kondo, B. V. Herrera, D. R. Miller, N. Naranjo, and G. Hyman. 2013. Chapter 21. Invasion of exotic arthropods in South America's biodiversity hotspots and agro-production systems. p. 373 - 400. In: Pena, J. E. (Ed). Potential Invasive Pests of Agricultural Crops. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. 464 p. ISBN: 9781845938291." type="book" year="2013">Wyckhuys et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); and it is a highly polyphagous species (recorded on plants from five different families), however, most of the host plants belong to the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6BDEE9FFB7FF962D4FFA88FC1AFD03" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[890,987,1380,1403]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and the main host is
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962AD2FA8FFA99FD03" box="[1255,1368,1379,1403]" name="Bermuda" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
|
grass (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAD89BFFB7FF962EFDFA6FFEB6FDE3" author="Ben-Dov, Y." box="[200,375,1411,1435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref3700" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. 1988. A taxonomic analysis of the armored scale tribe Odonaspidini of the world (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., USA. Technical Bulletin No. 1723: 1 - 142." type="book" year="1988">Ben-Dov 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAD89BFFB7FF962FB6FA6FFD7EFDE3" author="Miller, D. R. & J. A. Davidson" box="[387,703,1411,1435]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref4192" refString="Miller, D. R., and J. A. Davidson. 2005. Armored scale insect pests of trees and shrubs. Cornell University Press; Ithaca, NY. 442 p." type="book" year="2005">Miller and Davidson 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD4A56AFFB7FF962EC5FA4FFA53FE63" blockId="5.[192,1441,995,1564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
|
The economic impact caused by
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6BDEE9FFB7FF962CBCFA48FCC1FDC3" authorityName="Kotinsky Gland" authorityYear="1915" box="[649,768,1443,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Odonaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruthae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962CBCFA48FCC1FDC3" box="[649,768,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">O. ruthae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is not known in pastoral areas of
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962A8CFA4FFAEDFDC3" box="[1209,1324,1443,1467]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
|
and it is difficult to quantify its damage due to its cryptic habits and because is part of a complex of sap sucking insects present in pastures. The only reports of damage caused by
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6BDEE9FFB7FF962DC5FA08FBA4FD83" authorityName="Kotinsky Gland" authorityYear="1915" box="[1008,1125,1507,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Odonaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruthae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962DC5FA08FBA4FD83" box="[1008,1125,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">O. ruthae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in the world are those on grass pastures in the southern
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962C0FF9EFFD24FE63" box="[570,741,1539,1563]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">United States</collectingCountry>
|
|
, causing wilt and dieback on
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962A7FF9EFFB7AFE63" box="[1098,1211,1539,1563]" name="Bermuda" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
|
grass (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAD89BFFB7FF962B25F9EFFA44FE63" author="Gill, R. J." box="[1296,1413,1539,1563]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref3994" refString="Gill, R. J. 1997. The scale insects of California. Part 3. The armored scales (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Technical Series in Agricultural Biosystematics and Plant Pathology No. 3. California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, USA. 307 p." type="book" year="1997">Gill 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C371F6E1FFB7FF962EF5F9AFFBF8FE83" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD4A56AFFB7FF962EF5F9AFFBF8FE83" blockId="5.[192,1440,1603,1787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962EF5F9AFFE11FE23" bold="true" box="[192,464,1603,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6BDEE9FFB7FF962FEEF9AFFCF2FE23" authority="Kotinsky." authorityName="Kotinsky." box="[475,819,1603,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Odonaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruthae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962FEEF9AFFD77FE23" box="[475,694,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Odonaspis ruthae</emphasis>
|
|
Kotinsky.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962D09F9AFFC0BFE23" bold="true" box="[828,970,1603,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F37CE5FAFFB7FF962D09F9AFFC02FE23" box="[828,963,1603,1627]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
|
:
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49AF6B88FFB7FF962DE6F9A8FB0AFE23" box="[979,1227,1603,1627]" country="Colombia" name="Norte de Santander" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Norte de Santander</collectingRegion>
|
|
, Cúcuta, Estadio General
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49AF6B88FFB7FF962F1EF98FFE6DFE03" box="[299,428,1635,1659]" country="Colombia" name="Santander" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Santander</collectingRegion>
|
|
. 07°53240.83N, 72°30206.83W.
|
|
<quantity id="4C93088FFFB7FF962D18F98FFCBAFE03" box="[813,891,1635,1659]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</quantity>
|
|
a.s.l.,
|
|
<date id="FFD583AAFFB7FF962DF8F98FFB8CFE03" box="[973,1101,1635,1659]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="2015-09-23">23.ix.2015</date>
|
|
, col. F. Fuentes,
|
|
<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962B2AF988FA81FE03" box="[1311,1344,1636,1659]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">ex.</emphasis>
|
|
On the stalk of Bermuda grass
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6BDEE9FFB7FF962FDAF96FFD0DFEE3" box="[495,716,1667,1691]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cynodon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dactylon">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962FDAF96FFD0DFEE3" box="[495,716,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Cynodon dactylon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(L.) (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6BDEE9FFB7FF962D23F96FFCBCFEE3" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[790,893,1667,1691]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
), 2 slides
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D6D6EE3FFB7FF962DC8F96FFB97FEE3" box="[1021,1110,1667,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="adult">2 adult</specimenCount>
|
|
females (
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED7A3DAFFFB7FF962AE7F96FFADFFEE3" box="[1234,1310,1667,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">CTNI</collectionCode>
|
|
);
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49AF6B88FFB7FF962B03F96FFECFFEC3" country="Colombia" name="Valle del Cauca" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Valle del Cauca</collectingRegion>
|
|
, Palmira, Corpoica, Centro de Investigación Palmira, 03°312033N, 76°19206.13W,
|
|
<quantity id="4C93088FFFB7FF962B3FF94FFA99FEC3" box="[1290,1368,1699,1723]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.98" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="998.0">998 m</quantity>
|
|
a.s.l.,
|
|
<date id="FFD583AAFFB7FF962EF5F92FFEF9FEA3" box="[192,312,1731,1755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" value="2015-10-25">25.x.2015</date>
|
|
, coll.
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED7A3DAFFFB7FF962FB0F928FE59FEA3" box="[389,408,1732,1755]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">T</collectionCode>
|
|
. Kondo,
|
|
<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962C3CF928FDE3FEA3" box="[521,546,1732,1755]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">ex</emphasis>
|
|
. Between leaf sheaths of the underground part of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6BDEE9FFB7FF962A9BF928FAE2FEA3" authorityName="Link" authorityYear="1833" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" box="[1198,1315,1731,1755]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Echinochloa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="colona">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91F7978FFB7FF962A9BF928FAE2FEA3" box="[1198,1315,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">E. colona</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(L.) Link (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C6BDEE9FFB7FF962EFDF90FFEEEFE83" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[200,303,1763,1787]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
), 3 slides
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D6D6EE3FFB7FF962F96F90FFE39FE83" box="[419,504,1763,1787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="adult">3 adult</specimenCount>
|
|
females; 1 envelope with dry material (
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED7A3DAFFFB7FF962DE0F90FFBEDFE83" box="[981,1068,1763,1787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">MECP</collectionCode>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |