257 lines
26 KiB
XML
257 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.572.7177" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1c311a1b-faec-41ce-8285-a5b850931523" ID-PMC="PMC4843987" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-572-81" ID-PubMed="28050160" ID-ZBK="7BF22F7A7CBA44D38779DB919A84583E" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-572-81" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 572" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the Malagasy Camponotusedmondi species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Formicinae): integrating qualitative morphology and multivariate morphometric analysis" checkinTime="1458099707916" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rakotonirina, Jean Claude, Csosz, Sandor & Fisher, Brian L." docDate="2016" docId="DC1A195DC338CCCDA9AD4549FA2281C3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 572: 81-154" docOrigin="ZooKeys 572" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.572.7177" docTitle="Camponotus alamaina Rakotonirina, Csosz & Fisher, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="CAEB7BC2-0095-4240-88EA-0019EAB8780B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="F719FF8D6650E954701EFFA8D056EA29" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Malagasy Camponotusedmondi species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Formicinae): integrating qualitative morphology and multivariate morphometric analysis" masterLastPageNumber="154" masterPageNumber="81" pageNumber="100" updateTime="1668162815013" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the Malagasy Camponotusedmondi species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Formicinae): integrating qualitative morphology and multivariate morphometric analysis</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rakotonirina, Jean Claude</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Csosz, Sandor</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>572</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>81</mods:start>
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<mods:end>154</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.572.7177</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.572.7177</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-572-81</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">7BF22F7A7CBA44D38779DB919A84583E</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7BF22F7A7CBA44D38779DB919A84583E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127887258" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CAEB7BC2-0095-4240-88EA-0019EAB8780B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DC1A195DC338CCCDA9AD4549FA2281C3" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="19" pageNumber="100">
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="100" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="100">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Formicidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="100" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="100">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/CAEB7BC2-0095-4240-88EA-0019EAB8780B" authority="Rakotonirina, Csosz & Fisher" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus alamaina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alamaina">
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Camponotus alamaina Rakotonirina,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Csősz">Csosz</normalizedToken>
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& Fisher
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="19" pageNumber="100">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 5A, 6B, 8A, 19, 34
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="100" type="holotype worker">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="100">Holotype worker.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="100">Madagascar, Province Mahajanga, Mahavavy River, 6.2 km 145° SE Mitsinjo, -16.05167, 45.90833, 20 m, gallery forest, ex dead branch above ground, 1-5 Dec 2002 (Fisher, Griswold et al.) collection code: BLF06982, specimen code: CASENT0481799 (CASC).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="100" type="paratype">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="100">Paratype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="100">8 workers with same data as holotype but with the following specimen codes: CASENT0481797, CASENT0481798, CASENT0746987, CASENT0746988, CASENT0746989, CASENT0763743, CASENT0763744, CASENT0763745 (BMNH, MHNG, MNHN, MSNG,CASC).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="19" pageNumber="100" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="100">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="19" pageNumber="100">
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Form 1. MADAGASCAR: Province Antananarivo:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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de galerie, Telomirahavavy, 23.4 km NNE Ankazobe, -18.12167, 47.20627, 1520 m, disturbed gallery montane forest, (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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Naturelle Sohisika, Sohisika 24.6 km NNE Ankazobe, -18.10322, 47.18692, 1464 m, gallery montane forest, (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CASC); Province Antsiranana:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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Ambato, 26.6 km 33° Ambanja, -13.4645, 48.55167, 150 m, rainforest, (B.L. Fisher) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
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Manongarivo 17.3 km 218° SW Antanambao, -14.02167, 48.41833, 1580 m, montane rainforest, (B.L. Fisher) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
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Manongarivo, 10.8 km 229° SW Antanambao, -13.96167, 48.43333, 400 m, rainforest, (B.L. Fisher) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
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Ambre, 3.5 km 235° SW Sakaramy, -12.46889, 49.24217, 325 m, tropical dry forest, (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
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Ankarana, 13.6 km 192° SSW Anivorano Nord, -12.86361, 49.22583, 210 m, tropical dry forest, (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
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Ankarana, 22.9 km 224° SW Anivorano Nord, -12.90889, 49.10983, 80 m, tropical dry forest, (Alpert et al.), (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC); Province Fianarantsoa: Southern Isoky-Vohimena Forest, -22.68333, 44.83333, 730 m, (Sylvain) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Analalava">d'Analalava</normalizedToken>
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, 29.6 km 280° W Ranohira, -22.59167, 45.12833, 700 m, tropical dry forest, (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC); Province Mahajanga:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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Ambohimanga, 26.1 km 314° Mampikony, -15.96267, 47.43817, 250 m, tropical dry forest, (B.L. Fisher) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Anabohazo">d'Anabohazo</normalizedToken>
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, 21.6 km 247° WSW Maromandia, -14.30889, 47.91433, 120 m, tropical dry forest, (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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de Tsimembo, 11.0 km 346° NNW Soatana, -18.99528, 44.4435, 50 m, tropical dry forest, (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) (CASC); Parc National Baie de Baly, 12.4 km 337° NNW Soalala, -16.01, 45.265, 10 m, tropical dry forest, (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC); Mahavavy River, 6.2 km 145° SE Mitsinjo, -16.05167, 45.90833, 20 m, gallery forest, (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC); Parc National Ankarafantsika,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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de Tsimaloto, 18.3 km 46° NE de Tsaramandroso, -16.22806, 47.14361, 135 m, tropical dry forest, (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC); Parc National Namoroka, 16.9 km 317° NW Vilanandro, -16.40667, 45.31, 100 m, tropical dry forest, (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC); Parc National Namoroka, 17.8 km 329° WNW Vilanandro, -16.37667, 45.32667, 100 m, tropical dry forest, (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC); Parc National Namoroka, 9.8 km 300° WNW Vilanandro, -16.46667, 45.35, 140 m, tropical dry forest, (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ankoririka">d'Ankoririka</normalizedToken>
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, 10.6 km 13° NE de Tsaramandroso, -16.26722, 47.04861, 210 m, tropical dry forest, (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="forestière">forestiere</normalizedToken>
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Beanka, 50.2 km E Maintirano, -18.02649, 44.05051, 250 m, tropical dry forest on tsingy, (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="forestière">forestiere</normalizedToken>
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Beanka, 50.7 km E Maintirano, -17.88021, 44.46877, 140 m, tropical dry forest on tsingy, (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="forestière">forestiere</normalizedToken>
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Beanka, 52.7 km E Maintirano, -18.0622, 44.52587, 300 m, tropical dry forest on tsingy, (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="forestière">forestiere</normalizedToken>
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Beanka, 53.6 km E Maintirano, -18.04014, 44.53394, 272 m, tropical dry forest on tsingy, (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CASC); Parc National Tsingy de Bemaraha, 10.6 km ESE 123° Antsalova, -18.70944, 44.71817, 150 m, tropical dry forest on Tsingy, (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) (CASC); Parc National Tsingy de Bemaraha, 2.5 km 62° ENE Bekopaka, Ankidrodroa River, -19.13222, 44.81467, 100 m, tropical dry forest on Tsingy, (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) (CASC); Parc National Tsingy de Bemaraha, 3.4 km 93° E Bekopaka, Tombeau Vazimba, -19.14194, 44.828, 50 m, tropical dry forest, (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) (CASC); Province Toliara: 50 km N Morondava, -20.06667, 44.58333, in primary dry forest, (A. Pauly) (CASC); 6.1 km 182° S Marovato, -25.58167, 45.295, 20 m, spiny forest/thicket, (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) (CASC); Beza-Mahafaly, 27 km E Betioky, -23.65, 44.63333, 135 m, tropical dry forest, (B.L. Fisher) (CASC); Fiherenana, -23.17694, 43.96083, 100 m, gallery forest, (Frontier Project) (CASC); Fiherenana, -23.22252, 43.88088, 65 m, degraded gallery forest, (Frontier Project) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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de Beroboka, 5.9 km 131° SE Ankidranoka, -22.23306, 43.36633, 80 m, tropical dry forest, (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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de Kirindy, 15.5 km 64° ENE Marofandilia, -20.06915, 44.66042, 30 m, tropical dry forest, (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CASC); Parc National Tsimanampetsotsa, Mitoho Cave, 6.4 km 77° ENE Efoetse, 17.4 km 170° S Beheloka, -24.04722, 43.75317, 40 m, spiny forest/thicket, (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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de Tsinjoriaky, 6.2 km 84° E Tsifota, -22.80222, 43.42067, 70 m, spiny forest/thicket, (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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Vohidava 88.9 km N Amboasary, -24.24067, 46.28783, 500 m, spiny forest/dry forest transition, (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CASC); Mikea Forest, deciduous dry forest, -22.90367, 43.4755, 30 m, deciduous dry forest, (R.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Harin’Hala">Harin'Hala</normalizedToken>
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) (CASC);
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<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="101" start="start">Mikea</pageBreakToken>
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Forest, spiny forest, -22.91333, 43.48222, 37 m, spiny forest, (R.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Harin’Hala">Harin'Hala</normalizedToken>
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) (CASC); Parc National Andohahela, Col du Sedro, 3.8 km 113° ESE Mahamavo, 37.6 km 341° NNW Tolagnaro, -24.76389, 46.75167, 900 m, montane rainforest, (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) (CASC); Parc National Zombitse, 17.7 km 98° E Sakaraha, -22.88833, 44.70167, 760 m, tropical dry forest, (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC); Parc National Zombitse, 19.8 km 84° E Sakaraha, -22.84333, 44.71, 770 m, tropical dry forest, (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Privée">Privee</normalizedToken>
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Berenty,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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de Bealoka,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mandraré">Mandrare</normalizedToken>
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River, 14.6 km 329° NNW Amboasary, -24.95694, 46.2715, 35 m, gallery forest, (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Privée">Privee</normalizedToken>
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Berenty,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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de Malaza,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mandraré">Mandrare</normalizedToken>
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River, 8.6 km 314° NW Amboasary, -25.00778, 46.306, 40 m, gallery forest, (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) (CASC); Vohibasia Forest, 59 km NE Sakaraha, -22.46667, 44.85, 780 m, (Sylvain) (CASC).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="101">
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Form 2. MADAGASCAR: Province Mahajanga: Parc National Baie de Baly, 12.4 km 337° NNW Soalala, -16.01, 45.265, 10 m, tropical dry forest, (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
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Bemarivo, 23.8 km 223° SW Besalampy, -16.925, 44.36833, 30 m, tropical dry forest, (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC); Province Toliara:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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de Kirindy, 15.5 km 64° ENE Marofandilia, -20.045, 44.66222, 100 m, tropical dry forest, (Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team) (CASC).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="101">
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Form 3. MADAGASCAR: Province Antsiranana:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ampondrabe">d'Ampondrabe</normalizedToken>
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, 26.3 km 10° NNE Daraina, -12.97, 49.7, 175 m, tropical dry forest, (B.L. Fisher) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Analabe">d'Analabe</normalizedToken>
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, 30.0 km 72° ENE Daraina, -13.08333, 49.90833, 30 m, littoral rainforest, (B.L. Fisher) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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de Bekaraoka, 6.8 km 60° ENE Daraina, -13.16667, 49.71, 150 m, tropical dry forest, (B.L. Fisher) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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de Binara, 7.5 km 230° SW Daraina, -13.255, 49.61667, 375 m, tropical dry forest, (B.L. Fisher) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Orangea">d'Orangea</normalizedToken>
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, 3.6 km 128° SE Remena, -12.25889, 49.37467, 90 m, littoral rainforest, (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC); Montagne des
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Français">Francais</normalizedToken>
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, 7.2 km 142° SE Antsiranana (=Diego Suarez), -12.32278, 49.33817, 180 m, tropical dry forest, (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (Alpert et al.) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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Analamerana, 16.7 km 123° Anivorano-Nord, -12.80467, 49.37383, 225 m, tropical dry forest, (B.L. Fisher) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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Analamerana, 28.4 km 99° Anivorano-Nord, -12.74667, 49.49483, 60 m, tropical dry forest, (B.L. Fisher) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
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de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Ankarana">l'Ankarana</normalizedToken>
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, 13.6 km 192° SSW Anivorano Nord, -12.86361, 49.22583, 210 m, tropical dry forest, (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
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Ankarana, 22.9 km 224° SW Anivorano Nord, -12.90889, 49.10983, 80 m, tropical dry forest, (Fisher, Griswold et al.) (CASC).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="101" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="101">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="101">Anterior margin of petiolar node convex and posterior margin more or less straight; propodeal spiracle anterior to posterolateral margin of propodeum; head and mesosoma black to dark brown, gaster and appendages dark brown to yellow or light yellow; anterior margin of pronotum broadly rounding to the dorsum; dorsolateral and posterolateral margins of propodeum strongly carinate.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="20" pageNumber="101" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="101">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="20" pageNumber="101">
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Minor worker (Figs 5A, 6B, 8A, 19). In full-face view head longer than broad (CWb/CL: 0.79-0.91); lateral margin more or less straight, feebly converging toward base of mandibles and broadly rounding to the convex posterior margin. Anterior clypeal margin generally convex, posteromedian margin notched. Level of
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<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="102" start="start">posterior</pageBreakToken>
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ocular borders generally located from posterior third to posterior fifth of head (PoOc/CL: 0.2-0.271); antennal scape somewhat long (SL/CS: 1.02-1.18), roughly its distal portion extending beyond rear border of head. Mandible subtriangular, apical margin armed with six teeth. In profile, anterior margin of pronotum broadly rounding to the dorsum; anterodorsal angle weakly marginate; junction of dorsum and sides of premesonotum rounded, without margination; dorsolateral margins of propodeum extending into sharp carina. In dorsal view, junction of mesonotum and propodeum laterally compressed; metanotal groove impressed. In profile, propodeal dorsum raised into a very short edge, descending feebly posteriorly and joining declivity by distinct angle; propodeal spiracle located anterior to posterolateral margin of propodeum. Maximum width of procoxa larger than width of meso-metapleuron. In profile, petiolar node anteroposteriorly flattened and tapered dorsally; anterior margin slightly convex and posterior margin more or less straight; dorsal margin straight or weakly excised medially. Constriction between abdominal segments III and IV lacking.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="102">
|
||
Figure 19.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus alamaina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alamaina">Camponotus alamaina</taxonomicName>
|
||
minor worker CASENT0481799. A lateral view B head in full-face view C dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="102">Dorsum of head, mesosoma, and petiole with imbricate sculpture; gaster with finer imbrication; mandible coriarious-puncticulate. Pairs of erect hairs arranged as follows: three on clypeus, one near margin of frontal carina, at level of eyes, posterior portion of head, dorsum of mesonotum and propodeum. Two rows of sparse, erect hairs arranged on anterior and posterior portions of each of first three gastral tergites. Pubescence short and scattered on dorsum of body. Head, mesosoma and petiole black to dark brown; gaster, mandible, antenna, coxa and tarsus brown; rest of legs yellow.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="102">Major worker. With characteristics of minor worker except the following divergent features: head subquadrate (CWb/CL: 0.87-1) in full-face view, posterior margin approximately straight; level of posterior ocular borders at about posterior fourth of head (PoOc/CL: 0.24-0.28); anterior clypeal margin straight and medially excised; antennal scape barely extending beyond rear cephalic border (SL/CS: 0.69-0.89); metanotum distinct between mesonotum and propodeum; dorsum of propodeum strongly inclined posteriorly and rounding into declivity; dorsal margin of petiolar node medially excised; few erect hairs present on dorsum of pronotum and more than one pair on mesonotum and propodeum.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="102" type="distribution and biology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="102">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus alamaina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alamaina">Camponotus alamaina</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a widespread species occurring mainly in the dry forest habitats in western Madagascar (Fig. 34). Members of the species are known also from the spiny forest and thickets of the south and southwest, the montane rainforest of the central plateau and the southeast, and the littoral forest of the north of the island. Although this species is both arboreal and terrestrial, its members commonly are found foraging on low vegetation and nesting in dead branches, twigs, or rot pockets above the ground. Nests sites also may be built in rotten logs or sticks, and rotting tree stumps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="102">
|
||
Variant 1 (typical form) and variant 2 co-occur in the dry forests of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Bemarivo and Parc National Baie de Baly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="21" pageNumber="102" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="102">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="21" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus alamaina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alamaina">Camponotus alamaina</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of the common species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="edmondi" pageId="21" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="edmondi">edmondi</taxonomicName>
|
||
group and displays remarkable morphological variation in the shape of the propodeum, form of the petiolar node, and color of the legs. Three different variants are rec
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="103" start="start">ognized</pageBreakToken>
|
||
based on this morphological diversity, but gradually merge into one another across the geographic distribution of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="103">
|
||
Variant 1. Workers are typical
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus alamaina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alamaina">Camponotus alamaina</taxonomicName>
|
||
and can be recognized by having dorsolateral and posterolateral margins of the propodeum that extend into sharp carinae, but the junction of the dorsum to the posterolateral portion is rounded or bluntly angulate and does not form a pair of teeth or tubercles laterally; in oblique profile view, the dorsal border of petiolar node is straight or slightly excised medially; and the legs are yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="103">
|
||
Variant 2. This variant is known from Parc National Baie de Baly,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Bemarivo and Kirindy Forest near Marofandilia, and is characterized by the lateral projection into tubercles of the posterodorsal corner of the propodeum, the presence of numerous erect hairs on the dorsum of the propodeum, a much thicker petiolar node with a dorsal margin extending medially into a blunt tooth in frontal view, and a much darker-colored foreleg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="103">
|
||
Variant 3. This variant expresses intermediate characters of the previous two variants, in that the posterodorsal corners of the propodeum are bidentate, the dorsal margin of petiolar node is slightly excised medially in frontal view, and the legs are yellow. Specimens of this variant have been collected from sites in the north of Madagascar, including Ankarana, Orangea, Montagne des
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Français">Francais</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Binara, and Analabe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="103">
|
||
The NC-clustering approach was used to detect these three variants, but the technique did not clearly reveal their existence. The members of each of the variants are scattered along the cluster of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus alamaina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alamaina">Camponotus alamaina</taxonomicName>
|
||
. More information from the robust molecular phylogenetics are needed in order both to decide whether the different variants constitute separate species and to study the ecological and evolutionary forces underlying these morphological variations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |