302 lines
42 KiB
XML
302 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="449E3162759B541355AB2F26F4C2CF6C" ID-CLB-Dataset="39008" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4114.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="23e20931-307e-416c-ab19-00d57933e67d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="257053" ID-ZooBank="6EA59057-0E05-4AA5-8B84-327CBDB32E5B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1464070337504" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Monniot, Françoise" docDate="2016" docId="A25D4D00D64376377BF3F9217AFEFDDA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4114.3.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4114 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Diazona gigantea Sluiter 1919" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="219" masterDocId="5E643578D64C76257B64FFF57E37FFE6" masterDocTitle="Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition" masterLastPageNumber="245" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="216" updateTime="1698662596755" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="48EB3BC1A2F9727C5B9DD41419FE7E76">Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French Guiana Expedition</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="1F156F04CC1A40A8B15487EE6F513546">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F117CCA5D31D4062E9BFE6702F0B8407">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="A25D4D00D64376377BF3F9217AFEFDDA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6068897" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120692826" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6068897" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A25D4D00D64376377BF3F9217AFEFDDA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A25D4D00D64376377BF3F9217AFEFDDA" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
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<subSubSection id="62EEAF9DD643762A7BF3F9217F3DF8E9" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D643762A7BF3F9217C07F908" blockId="15.[151,560,1748,1807]" box="[151,560,1748,1774]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
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<heading id="71034B7AD643762A7BF3F9217C07F908" bold="true" box="[151,560,1748,1774]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="18802004D643762A7BF3F9217C07F908" bold="true" box="[151,560,1748,1774]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D643762A7BF3F9217F5CF908" authority="Sluiter, 1919" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,363,1748,1774]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Diazona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis id="18802004D643762A7BF3F9217F5CF908" bold="true" box="[151,363,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Diazona gigantea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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? (
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<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D643762A7AEDF9217C1FF908" author="Sluiter" box="[393,552,1748,1774]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" refString="Sluiter, C. Ph. (1919) Uber einige alte und neue Ascidien aus dem zoologischen Museum von Amsterdam. Bijdragen Tot de Dierkunde, 21 (2), 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1919">Sluiter, 1919</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D643762A7BF3F9037F3DF8E9" blockId="15.[151,560,1748,1807]" box="[151,266,1782,1807]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
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<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D643762A7BF3F9037F31F8E9" box="[151,262,1782,1807]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1352,1374]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,772,1328]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,772,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Diazona gigantea. A, colony in formalin, scale bar = 1 cm; B, stained thorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257065/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Figure 12</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="62EEAF9DD643762A7BF3F8CB7F64F8B1" box="[151,339,1854,1879]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D643762A7BF3F8CB7F64F8B1" blockId="15.[151,1436,1854,2023]" box="[151,339,1854,1879]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
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<emphasis id="18802004D643762A7BF3F8CB7EC6F8B1" bold="true" box="[151,241,1854,1879]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Station.</emphasis>
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CP4393
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="62EEAF9DD643762A7BA3F8967CDDF879" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D643762A7BA3F8967C0EF89D" blockId="15.[151,1436,1854,2023]" box="[199,569,1890,1915]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D643762A7BA3F8967C0EF89D" authority="Sluiter, 1919" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1919" box="[199,569,1890,1915]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Polycitor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteus">
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<emphasis id="18802004D643762A7BA3F8967F94F89C" box="[199,419,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Polycitor giganteus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D643762A7ACEF8977C0EF89D" author="Sluiter" box="[426,569,1890,1915]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" refString="Sluiter, C. Ph. (1919) Uber einige alte und neue Ascidien aus dem zoologischen Museum von Amsterdam. Bijdragen Tot de Dierkunde, 21 (2), 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1919">Sluiter, 1919</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D643762A7BA3F87D7CDDF879" blockId="15.[151,1436,1854,2023]" box="[199,746,1926,1951]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D643762A7BA3F87D7FB8F879" box="[199,399,1928,1951]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Diazona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis id="18802004D643762A7BA3F87D7FB8F879" box="[199,399,1928,1951]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Diazona gigantea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D643762A7AF9F8737CDDF879" author="Arnback-Christie-Linde" box="[413,746,1926,1951]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" refString="Arnback-Christie-Linde, A. (1925) Contribution to the Tunicate Fauna of Norway with notes on Polycitor giganteus Sluiter. Arkiv for Zoologi, 18 A (1), 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1925">Ärnback-Christie-Linde 1925</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="62EEAF9DD64376357BA3F8597F3DFA02" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D64376357BA3F8597D6CFDFE" blockId="15.[151,1436,1854,2023]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,151,717]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
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Non:
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D643762A7A62F8597CABF825" authority="Monniot C. 1970" authorityName="Monniot C." authorityYear="1970" box="[262,668,1963,1988]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Diazona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis id="18802004D643762A7A62F8597FF9F825" box="[262,462,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Diazona gigantea</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D643762A7AB8F85E7CABF825" author="Monniot" box="[476,668,1963,1988]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" refString="Monniot, C. (1970) Ascidies phlebobranches et stolidobranches. in Campagnes de la Calypso au large des cotes Atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique, 47, 33 - 59." type="journal article" year="1970">Monniot C. 1970</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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=
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D643762A79DEF85E7DB7F825" box="[698,896,1963,1987]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Stomozoidae" genus="Stomozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseola">
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<emphasis id="18802004D643762A79DEF85E7DB7F825" box="[698,896,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Stomozoa roseola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Two colonies dredged at
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<quantity id="ED0C51F3D643762A7A91F83B7C02F801" box="[501,565,1998,2023]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="m" value="145.0">145m</quantity>
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depth are not in good condition and provisionally placed in
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D64376357E76F8257F0AFF56" authority="Sluiter, 1919" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1919" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Diazona" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="217" order="Enterogona" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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||
<emphasis id="18802004D643762A7E76F8257BABF801" box="[1298,1436,2000,2023]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">D. gigantea</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D65C76357BFAFF627F03FF56" author="Sluiter" box="[158,308,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" refString="Sluiter, C. Ph. (1919) Uber einige alte und neue Ascidien aus dem zoologischen Museum von Amsterdam. Bijdragen Tot de Dierkunde, 21 (2), 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1919">Sluiter, 1919</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
. One colony contained an isolated thorax, the other
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<quantity id="ED0C51F3D65C763578EDFF627DE6FF56" box="[905,977,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="15.0">15mm</quantity>
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||
<date id="5E4ADAD6D65C763578BCFF6D7A3FFF56" box="[984,1032,152,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" value="2012-10">
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||
x
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<quantity id="ED0C51F3D65C7635788AFF6D7A3FFF56" box="[1006,1032,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="12.0">12</quantity>
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</date>
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mm is partially divided into 2 lobes (
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<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65C76357BFBFF497EC1FF32" box="[159,246,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1352,1374]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,772,1328]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,772,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Diazona gigantea. A, colony in formalin, scale bar = 1 cm; B, stained thorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257065/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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A). In each lobe was a deeply retracted thorax but the abdomens were missing. The tunic is glassy, cartilaginous and naked except some sand at the fixation base. The shape of the siphon edges is not clear. There are 8 long oral tentacles on a ring and smaller ones intercalated. The dorsal tubercle opens in a vertical slit anterior to the oval neural ganglion. The branchial sac is wide (
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<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65C76357987FED27D02FEA6" box="[739,821,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1352,1374]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,772,1328]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,772,1331]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Diazona gigantea. A, colony in formalin, scale bar = 1 cm; B, stained thorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257065/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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B) with numerous straight stigmata in at least 35 rows. The high transverse vessels wear large papillae united in some places by longitudinal vessels.There is an average of 2 stigmata per mesh. The thoracic musculature includes the siphonal sphincters and only 6 to 8 strong longitudinal ribbons on each side of the thorax. No transverse musculature was detected. A wide rectum full of mud is at the base of the thorax but no other parts of the gut remain. The tunic structure and the shape of the thorax correspond to Sluiter’s original description completed by
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<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D65C7635783DFE297AF7FE13" author="Arnback-Christie-Linde" box="[857,1216,476,501]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" refString="Arnback-Christie-Linde, A. (1925) Contribution to the Tunicate Fauna of Norway with notes on Polycitor giganteus Sluiter. Arkiv for Zoologi, 18 A (1), 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1925">Ärnback-Christie-Linde (1925)</bibRefCitation>
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||
who re-examined Sluiter’s
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<typeStatus id="F54F42B4D65C76357B98FDF57F1BFDFE" box="[252,300,512,536]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">type</typeStatus>
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collected without precision from the West Indies.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65C76357BA3FDD17B52FD41" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
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<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D65C76357BA3FDD17F4BFDDA" author="Caullery" box="[199,380,548,573]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" refString="Caullery, M. (1914) Sur Diazona geayi n. sp. ascidie nouvelle de la Guyane et sur la regeneration et le bourgeonnement de Diazona. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 39, 204 - 211. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24555" type="journal article" year="1914">Caullery (1914)</bibRefCitation>
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shortly described
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D65C76357930FDD07CCDFDDA" box="[596,762,549,572]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Diazona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geayi">
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<emphasis id="18802004D65C76357930FDD07CCDFDDA" box="[596,762,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Diazona geayi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="52E3BC86D65C76357820FDD17DAEFDDB" box="[836,921,548,573]" name="Guyana" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Guiana</collectingCountry>
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. Pieces of this species, cut in thin slices are present and labelled “
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<typeStatus id="F54F42B4D65C76357AE2FDBD7F8DFD86" box="[390,442,584,608]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">type</typeStatus>
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” in the MNHN collection. These pieces contain few abdomens and regenerating thoraces in very bad condition, but in one of them no papillae were present on the transverse thoracic vessels in high membranes. Considering the absence of branchial papillae this specimen cannot belong to the genus
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<emphasis id="18802004D65C76357F9BFD657B52FD41" box="[1279,1381,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D65C76357F9BFD657B56FD41" box="[1279,1377,656,679]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Diazona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diazona</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65C76357BA3FD407AC8FD2A" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[199,1279,692,717]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
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No other species of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D65C7635797CFD407C40FD2A" box="[536,631,693,716]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Diazona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="18802004D65C7635797CFD407C40FD2A" box="[536,631,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Diazona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are recorded from the western part of the Atlantic Ocean.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="7E8BAC9ED65C76357BF3FABD7A1EFAB8" box="[151,1065,1352,1374]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257065/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" targetBox="[151,1432,772,1328]" targetPageId="16">
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<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65C76357BF3FABD7A1EFAB8" blockId="16.[151,1065,1352,1374]" box="[151,1065,1352,1374]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
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||
<emphasis id="18802004D65C76357BF3FABD7F28FABB" bold="true" box="[151,287,1352,1374]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D65C76357A41FABC7FECFAB8" box="[293,475,1353,1374]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Diazona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis id="18802004D65C76357A41FABC7FECFAB8" box="[293,475,1353,1374]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Diazona gigantea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A, colony in formalin, scale bar =1cm; B, stained thorax.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65C76357BF3FA5C7F3DFA02" blockId="16.[151,475,1449,1509]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D65C76357BF3FA5C7FA1FA25" box="[151,406,1449,1475]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Perophoridae" genus="Ecteinascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aranea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="18802004D65C76357BF3FA5C7FA1FA25" bold="true" box="[151,406,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Ecteinascidia aranea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="03B39D7FD65C76357AF8FA5F7FECFA24" box="[412,475,1450,1474]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="18802004D65C76357AF8FA5F7FECFA24" bold="true" box="[412,475,1450,1474]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65C76357BF3FA397F31FA02" box="[151,262,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1325]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,373,1326]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Ecteinascidia aranea n. sp. A, part of a colony in formalin; B two zooids, scale bar = 1 cm; C, zooid ventrally opened and stained; D, gonad; E, neural area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257066/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="62EEAF9DD65C76347BF3F9E17A4BFA5E" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65C76357BF3F9E17C5BF9CB" blockId="16.[151,1437,1556,2013]" box="[151,620,1556,1581]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="18802004D65C76357BF3F9E17F29F9CA" bold="true" box="[151,286,1556,1580]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D65C76357A40F9E07F44F9CA" box="[292,371,1557,1580]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Perophoridae" genus="Ecteinascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aranea">
|
||
<emphasis id="18802004D65C76357A40F9E07F44F9CA" box="[292,371,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">aranea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to a spider web
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65C76357BA3F9C27CE0F9B6" blockId="16.[151,1437,1556,2013]" box="[199,727,1591,1616]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="18802004D65C76357BA3F9C27F16F9B6" bold="true" box="[199,289,1591,1616]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Station.</emphasis>
|
||
CP 4408 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="F54F42B4D65C76357AFDF9CD7FE1F9B6" box="[409,470,1592,1616]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
: MNHN P2 ECT 112).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65C76347BA3F9A97DDBFEA6" blockId="16.[151,1437,1556,2013]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,320]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
|
||
The colonies form a loose net of stolons several cm across (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65C76357815F9A97DF4F992" box="[881,963,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1325]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,373,1326]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Ecteinascidia aranea n. sp. A, part of a colony in formalin; B two zooids, scale bar = 1 cm; C, zooid ventrally opened and stained; D, gonad; E, neural area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257066/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Erect zooids are attached by a narrow base on thin ramified stolons incrusted with sand. The glassy tunic of the zooids is less impregnated than the stolons and allows seeing the internal organs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65C763579CCF9517CCCF95A" box="[680,763,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1325]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,373,1326]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Ecteinascidia aranea n. sp. A, part of a colony in formalin; B two zooids, scale bar = 1 cm; C, zooid ventrally opened and stained; D, gonad; E, neural area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257066/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The body is longer than wide with a terminal long oral siphon. The atrial tubular siphon opens at ¼ of the body length. The oral aperture has 6 petal-like lobes. The body wall is thin but with a more or less extended network of blood sinuses. The sphincters are well developed at the base of the siphons. Few longitudinal muscular fibres extend from the oral side to the base of the atrial aperture on the dorsal side. The transverse muscular fibres are spaced and only lying over the dorsal part of the body lacking on each side of the endostyle. About 45 oral tentacles form a circle in alternating sizes. The dorsal tubercle is urnshaped above an elongated neural ganglion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65C763579E1F8897CE1F872" box="[645,726,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1325]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,373,1326]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Ecteinascidia aranea n. sp. A, part of a colony in formalin; B two zooids, scale bar = 1 cm; C, zooid ventrally opened and stained; D, gonad; E, neural area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257066/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
D). The branchial sac has 15 rows of stigmata and an average of 22 longitudinal vessels on each side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65C76357935F8557C93F85E" box="[593,676,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1325]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,373,1326]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Ecteinascidia aranea n. sp. A, part of a colony in formalin; B two zooids, scale bar = 1 cm; C, zooid ventrally opened and stained; D, gonad; E, neural area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257066/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
C) but this number could be counted only in one less contracted colony. There is only one stigma per branchial mesh. The digestive tract occupies ¼ of the posterior left body side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65D76347BFBFF627EC1FF56" box="[159,246,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1325]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,373,1326]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Ecteinascidia aranea n. sp. A, part of a colony in formalin; B two zooids, scale bar = 1 cm; C, zooid ventrally opened and stained; D, gonad; E, neural area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257066/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
C). The stomach is spherical with a smooth wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65D76347834FF627D91FF56" box="[848,934,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1347,1369]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1325]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,373,1326]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Ecteinascidia aranea n. sp. A, part of a colony in formalin; B two zooids, scale bar = 1 cm; C, zooid ventrally opened and stained; D, gonad; E, neural area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257066/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
D). The first part of the intestine shows 2 constrictions. The rectum curves to reach the oesophagus and then follows the dorsal line to the atrial aperture. The anus has 2 short lobes. The testis comprises piriform lobes arranged in a crescent inside the gut loop, not overpassing the intestine. The sperm duct follows the rectum and opens close to the anus. The ovary is placed near the centre of the testis half circle. No brood pouch was present in any zooid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7E8BAC9ED65D76347BF3FAB67C54FA9E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257066/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" targetBox="[151,1436,373,1325]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65D76347BF3FAB67C54FA9E" blockId="17.[151,1435,1347,1400]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="18802004D65D76347BF3FAB67F16FABE" bold="true" box="[151,289,1347,1369]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D65D76347A4DFAB67C34FABF" box="[297,515,1347,1369]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Perophoridae" genus="Ecteinascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aranea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="18802004D65D76347A4DFAB67C34FABF" box="[297,515,1347,1369]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Ecteinascidia aranea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="03B39D7FD65D7634796FFAB17C71FABF" box="[523,582,1348,1369]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="18802004D65D7634796FFAB17C71FABF" bold="true" box="[523,582,1348,1369]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, part of a colony in formalin; B two zooids, scale bar=1 cm; C, zooid ventrally opened and stained; D, gonad; E, neural area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65D76347BA3FA6A7A4BFA5E" blockId="17.[151,1437,1439,2004]" box="[199,1148,1439,1464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
Several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D65D76347A46FA6A7F8CFA51" box="[290,443,1439,1463]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Perophoridae" genus="Ecteinascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18802004D65D76347A46FA6A7F8CFA51" box="[290,443,1439,1463]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Ecteinascidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species occur in the western Atlantic and are compared below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="62EEAF9DD65D76347BAAFA317CF6F8C6" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65D76347BAAFA317F0FF9A1" blockId="17.[151,1437,1439,2004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D65D76347BAAFA317FD0FA3A" authority="Berrill 1932" authorityName="Berrill" authorityYear="1932" box="[206,487,1475,1500]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Perophoridae" genus="Ecteinascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concklini">
|
||
<emphasis id="18802004D65D76347BAAFA317F63FA3A" box="[206,340,1476,1500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">E. concklini</emphasis>
|
||
Berrill 1932
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, redescribed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D65D763479FDFA367D52FA3A" box="[665,869,1475,1500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" refString="Monniot, C. (1972) Ascidies stolidobranches des Bermudes. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle Paris, Series 3, 57 (Zoology 43), 613 - 643." type="journal article">Monniot C.(1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and in Goodbody & Cole (2006) differs in having large zooids sometimes exceeding
|
||
<quantity id="ED0C51F3D65D7634794DFA1D7C6BF9E6" box="[553,604,1512,1536]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="cm" value="2.0">2cm</quantity>
|
||
, and stolons creeping on solid substrate surfaces. They have usually 20 rows of stigmata and 2 to 3 stigmata per mesh. The primary gut loop is closed but the secondary loop is wider with a long rectum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65D76347BA3F9A17CF6F8C6" blockId="17.[151,1437,1439,2004]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D65D76347BA3F9A17FFDF98A" authority="Berrill, 1932" authorityName="Berrill" authorityYear="1932" box="[199,458,1619,1644]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Corellidae" genus="Corella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="18802004D65D76347BA3F9A17F03F98D" box="[199,308,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">E. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
Berrill, 1932
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has zooids attached to the substrate by their ventral part and the stolons are also linked to the substrate. The zooids are only
|
||
<quantity id="ED0C51F3D65D7634795DF9827C91F976" box="[569,678,1655,1680]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 6mm</quantity>
|
||
long.The oral siphon is apical and the atrial one at mid distance of the body side. The branchial sac has an average of 15 stigmata rows. The primary gut loop is closed; the intestine has 4 longitudinal swellings (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D65D76347A86F94A7C91F93E" author="Monniot" box="[482,678,1727,1752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" refString="Monniot, C. (1972) Ascidies stolidobranches des Bermudes. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle Paris, Series 3, 57 (Zoology 43), 613 - 643." type="journal article" year="1972">Monniot C. 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65D763479CAF94A7CC7F93E" box="[686,752,1727,1752]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[159,1421,948,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,948,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Polyclinum constellatum (stained with hemalum). A: branchial sac; B, zooid; C, larva. Scale bars: A – B = 2.5 mm; C = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257055/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D) and the rectum lies horizontally before a sharp bend. The anus opens at the level of the top of the gut loop. The gonad differs from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D65D76347F36F9117ADDF91A" box="[1106,1258,1764,1788]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Perophoridae" genus="Ecteinascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18802004D65D76347F36F9117ADDF91A" box="[1106,1258,1764,1788]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Ecteinascidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a mass of testis lobes well separated from the nearby ovary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="62EEAF9DD65D76377BA3F8D97AFEFDDA" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65D76377BA3F8D97F2CFF1E" blockId="17.[151,1437,1439,2004]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D65D76347BA3F8D97C6AF8A2" authority="Plough & Jones 1936" authorityName="Plough & Jones" authorityYear="1936" box="[199,605,1835,1860]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Perophoridae" genus="Ecteinascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tortugensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="18802004D65D76347BA3F8D97F54F8A5" box="[199,355,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">E. tortugensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D65D76347A0FF8DE7C6AF8A2" author="Plough" box="[363,605,1835,1860]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" refString="Plough, H. H. & Jones, N. (1936) Investigations on ascidians by Harold H. Plough and Norris Jones. Annual Report of the Totugas Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book, n ° 36, 100 - 101." type="journal article" year="1936">Plough & Jones 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(description in Plough & Jones 1939) has zooids
|
||
<quantity id="ED0C51F3D65D76347FF5F8DE7AC9F8A2" box="[1169,1278,1835,1860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 6mm</quantity>
|
||
long attached to the substrate by a part of their ventral side. The atrial siphon is at 2/3 of the dorsal body side. Both gut loops are well marked, the rectum is short and the anus at the level of the top of the primary loop.These characters except the length of the siphons resemble the anatomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D65D763479D1F86D7D12F849" box="[693,805,1944,1967]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Corellidae" genus="Corella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="18802004D65D763479D1F86D7D12F849" box="[693,805,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">E. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and was synonymised under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D65D76347F1FF86D7ADDF849" box="[1147,1258,1944,1967]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Corellidae" genus="Corella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="18802004D65D76347F1FF86D7ADDF849" box="[1147,1258,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">E. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D65D76347E7CF86D7ED3F832" author="Monniot" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" refString="Monniot, C. (1972) Ascidies stolidobranches des Bermudes. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle Paris, Series 3, 57 (Zoology 43), 613 - 643." type="journal article" year="1972">C. Monniot (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. But the examination of specimens stored in the MNHN collection from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52E3BC86D65D76347F41F8497A9BF832" box="[1061,1196,1979,2004]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
indicates differences and thus a distinct species. In these specimens the siphons are long and the testis lobes are in half circle as in the Plough &Jones description and thus different from the testis in a compact mass in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D65E76377F57FF487A97FF32" box="[1075,1184,189,212]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Corellidae" genus="Corella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="18802004D65E76377F57FF487A97FF32" box="[1075,1184,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">E. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D65E76377FB8FF497BABFF32" author="Monniot" box="[1244,1436,188,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" refString="Monniot, C. (1972) Ascidies stolidobranches des Bermudes. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle Paris, Series 3, 57 (Zoology 43), 613 - 643." type="journal article" year="1972">C. Monniot 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65E76377BF3FF2A7EEFFF1E" box="[151,216,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[159,1421,948,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,948,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Polyclinum constellatum (stained with hemalum). A: branchial sac; B, zooid; C, larva. Scale bars: A – B = 2.5 mm; C = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257055/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D–F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4BFC16D65E76377BA3FEF07AFEFDDA" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDF48795D65E76377BA3FEF07C15FEFA" authority="Traustedt, 1882" authorityName="Traustedt" authorityYear="1882" box="[199,546,260,285]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Perophoridae" genus="Ecteinascidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="styeloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="18802004D65E76377BA3FEF07F61FEFA" box="[199,342,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">E. styeloides</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D65E76377A02FEF17C2DFEFA" author="Traustedt" box="[358,538,260,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" refString="Traustedt, M. P. A. (1882) Vestindiske Ascidiae simplices, forste Afdeling. Phallusiadae. Vidensk. meddr. dansk naturh. For e, 188, 257 - 288" type="journal article" year="1882">Traustedt, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has zooids about
|
||
<quantity id="ED0C51F3D65E76377996FEF17D15FEFA" box="[754,802,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" unit="cm" value="1.0">1cm</quantity>
|
||
long, erect on stolons attached to the substrate on their whole length. The siphons are long and distant from each other. The tunic is glassy but often covered with debris. The body musculature is essentially transverse on the whole width of the body sides. There are 15 rows of stigmata. The stomach is elongated with a well marked groove. The rectum is not very long and opens a little anteriorly to the top of the gut loop. The main difference of this species comes from the large testis of numerous lobes in a half circle overlapping a large part of the intestine (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D65E763779C4FE427D5AFE36" author="Monniot" box="[672,877,439,464]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" refString="Monniot, C. (1983 a) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe II Phlebobranches; Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle Paris, 5 A (1), 51 - 71." type="journal article" year="1983" yearSuffix="a">Monniot C. 1983a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2CFE093D65E76377810FE427D82FE36" box="[884,949,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1964,1986]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,541,1929]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[187,1399,541,1942]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Euherdmania fasciculata. A, colony; B, branchial sac; C, larva; D, stomach. Scale bars B = 1 mm; C = 0.5 mm; D = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257056/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A,B). The sperm duct ends at the anus level or anteriorly to it.
|
||
<emphasis id="18802004D65E76377A05FE287F4DFE12" box="[353,378,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">E.</emphasis>
|
||
s
|
||
<emphasis id="18802004D65E76377AEEFE297FD9FE12" box="[394,494,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">tyeloides</emphasis>
|
||
was considered as a Caribbean species by Goodbody & Jones (2006 and synonymy) but was also recorded from the Mediterranean sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D65E763779BFFE0A7A74FDFE" author="Monniot" box="[731,1091,511,536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1987) Discussion sur la valeur de deux genres d'ascidies a propos d'especes nouvelles en Mediterranee. Annales de l'institut Oceanographique, 63 (2), 119 - 130." type="journal article" year="1987">Monniot C. & Monniot F. 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52E3BC86D65E76377FF3FE0A7B1CFDFE" box="[1175,1323,511,536]" name="Mozambique" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D65E76377E5EFE0A7EC4FDDA" author="Monniot" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" refString="Monniot, C. (1997) Ascidies Phlebobranches du canal du Mozambique. Zoosystema, 19 (4), 557 - 571." type="journal article" year="1997">Monniot C. 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52E3BC86D65E76377A20FDD17FB5FDDB" box="[324,386,548,573]" name="Palau" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">Palau</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D65E76377AF5FDD17CC3FDDB" author="Monniot" box="[401,756,548,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" refString="Monniot, F. & Monniot, C. (1996) New collection of ascidians from the western Pacific and southern Asia. Micronesica, 29 (2), 133 - 279." type="journal article" year="1996">Monniot F. & Monniot C. 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and from Venezuala (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E6581E7D65E76377895FDD17A8AFDDA" author="Rocha" box="[1009,1213,548,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="219" refString="Rocha, R. M., Guerra-Castro, E., Lira, C., Pauls, S. M., Hernandez, I., Perez, A., Sardi, A., Perez, J., Herrera, C., Carbonini, A. K., Caraballo, V., Salazar, D., Diaz, M. C. & Cruz-Motta, J. J. (2010) Inventory of ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the National Park La Restinga, Isla Margarita, Venezuela. Biota Neotropica, 10, 1 - 10. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032010000100021" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Rocha
|
||
<emphasis id="18802004D65E76377F25FDD07A4DFDDA" box="[1089,1146,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="219">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |