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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3788785" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6dfdec5c-2e9d-4e1f-be4c-a120edc779e0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163747507" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3788785" ID-ZooBank="6D59834F-82C0-4DCD-8F65-202AE8F03965" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8E8508F4-153B-4CFC-B015-CDF6374BFC4F" approvalRequired="61" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="61" checkinTime="1587954401351" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hawks, David" docDate="2010" docId="777587FF0912FFB9FF435459B11BFD84" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2166.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 39 (39)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@7e86ff3b" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Catocala benjamini subsp. mayhewi Hawks 2010, ssp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="8E8508F4-153B-4CFC-B015-CDF6374BFC4F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="8B4CFF87091EFFB4FFCF5615B045FFA5" masterDocTitle="Review of the Catocala delilah species complex (Lepidoptera, Erebidae)" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1643557595621" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Review of the Catocala delilah species complex (Lepidoptera, Erebidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hawks, David</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>University of California, Riverside ,, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2010-03-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>39</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>39</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>13</mods:start>
<mods:end>35</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.39.439</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6dfdec5c-2e9d-4e1f-be4c-a120edc779e0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576631</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6D59834F-82C0-4DCD-8F65-202AE8F03965</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3788785" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163747507" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3788785" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8E8508F4-153B-4CFC-B015-CDF6374BFC4F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/777587FF0912FFB9FF435459B11BFD84" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="12.[140,977,588,686]" box="[140,669,588,615]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">
<heading box="[140,669,588,615]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" reason="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,669,588,615]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName authority="Hawks" authorityName="Hawks" authorityYear="2010" box="[140,581,588,615]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="benjamini" status="ssp. n." subSpecies="mayhewi">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,489,588,615]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis box="[140,246,588,615]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" reason="1">Catocala</emphasis>
benjamini mayhewi
</emphasis>
Hawks
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[593,669,589,615]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" rank="subSpecies">ssp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[140,977,588,686]" box="[140,977,624,651]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">
<uri box="[140,977,624,651]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid box="[419,977,624,651]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">8E8508F4-153B-4CFC-B015-CDF6374BFC4F</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[140,265,659,686]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="12.[140,977,588,686]" box="[140,265,659,686]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Figs 13, 14</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="12.[140,1108,729,1672]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,306,729,756]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis box="[140,196,730,756]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" reason="1">Type</emphasis>
material.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608811644" collectingDate="1987-06-22" collectionCode="PMNH" collectorName="D. C. Hawks." county="Riverside County" elevation="1500" location="Santa Rosa Mountains" municipality="Pinyon Flat" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[311,421,730,756]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">
<typeStatus box="[311,421,730,756]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
♁ (Fig. 13,
<collectionCode box="[553,641,730,756]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3s7c-0bcs" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">PMNH</collectionCode>
specimen #ENT 721049; FW length 19.5 mm),
<emphasis bold="true" box="[207,300,765,791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">
<typeStatus box="[207,300,765,791]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">allotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount box="[305,320,766,792]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
(Fig. 14,
<collectionCode box="[428,516,766,792]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3s7c-0bcs" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">PMNH</collectionCode>
specimen #ENT 721050; FW length
<quantity box="[928,1012,765,792]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
):
<collectingMunicipality pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Pinyon Flat</collectingMunicipality>
,
<quantity box="[195,283,800,827]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1500.0">
<elevation box="[195,283,800,827]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:777587FF0912FFB9FF435459B11BFD84:FA0360320912FFB8FEE95535B25AFC9F" box="[294,543,800,827]" county="Riverside County" municipality="Pinyon Flat" name="Santa Rosa Mountains" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="California">Santa Rosa Mountains</location>
,
<collectingCounty box="[553,745,800,826]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Riverside County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion box="[756,870,800,826]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">California</collectingRegion>
,
<date box="[879,1027,800,827]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" value="1987-06-22">
<collectingDate box="[879,1027,800,827]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" value="1987-06-22">22 June 1987</collectingDate>
</date>
leg.
<collectorName pageId="12" pageNumber="25">D. C. Hawks.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608811634" collectionCode="R" collectorName="June &amp; August &amp; J. W. Johnson &amp; E. Walter &amp; H. Leuschner &amp; D. C. Hawks. Remaining" county="Los Angeles County" location="San Gabriel Mountains" municipality="Valyermo" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="131" specimenCount-female="131" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[265,377,835,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">
<typeStatus box="[265,377,835,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(70 ♁
<specimenCount box="[457,508,835,862]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" type="female">68 ♀</specimenCount>
): 62 ♁
<specimenCount box="[602,653,835,862]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" type="female">59 ♀</specimenCount>
from the type locality, collected between 1
<collectorName box="[162,212,871,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">June</collectorName>
and 2
<collectorName box="[290,367,871,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">August</collectorName>
over several decades by
<collectorName box="[633,789,871,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">J. W. Johnson</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[801,907,871,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">E. Walter</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode box="[918,940,871,897]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName box="[951,1103,871,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">H. Leuschner</collectorName>
, and
<collectorName box="[190,478,906,932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">D. C. Hawks. Remaining</collectorName>
<typeStatus box="[486,592,906,932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCounty box="[605,834,906,932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Los Angeles County</collectingCounty>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:777587FF0912FFB9FF435459B11BFD84:FA0360320912FFB8FC80559FB411FC01" box="[847,1108,906,932]" county="Los Angeles County" municipality="Valyermo" name="San Gabriel Mountains" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="California">San Gabriel Mountains</location>
near
<collectingMunicipality box="[194,299,941,967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Valyermo</collectingMunicipality>
(
<specimenCount box="[314,351,941,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608811658" box="[381,895,941,969]" location="San Gabriel Mountains" municipality="Big Rock Creek" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:777587FF0912FFB9FF435459B11BFD84:FA0360320912FFB8FEB255B8B2C5FC62" box="[381,640,941,967]" municipality="Big Rock Creek" name="San Gabriel Mountains" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="California">San Gabriel Mountains</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[652,825,941,967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Big Rock Creek</collectingMunicipality>
(1 ♁)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608811633" collectorName="Palm Springs" county="Riverside County" location="San Jacinto Mountains" municipality="Chino Canyon" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCounty box="[908,1104,941,967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Riverside County</collectingCounty>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:777587FF0912FFB9FF435459B11BFD84:FA0360320912FFB8FF4355C5B1CBFC4F" box="[140,398,976,1002]" county="Riverside County" municipality="Chino Canyon" name="San Jacinto Mountains" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="California">San Jacinto Mountains</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[412,580,976,1002]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Chino Canyon</collectingMunicipality>
near
<collectorName box="[645,791,976,1002]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Palm Springs</collectorName>
(4 ♁
<specimenCount box="[864,902,976,1003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608811638" county="San Bernardino County" location="Joshua Tree" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCounty pageId="12" pageNumber="25">San Bernardino County</collectingCounty>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:777587FF0912FFB9FF435459B11BFD84:FA0360320912FFB8FF2055E6B129FBAB" box="[239,364,1011,1038]" county="San Bernardino County" name="Joshua Tree" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="California">Joshua Tree</location>
(1 ♁)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608811654" collectorName="Tub Springs" county="San Diego County" location="Anza Borrego State Park" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCounty box="[446,655,1011,1038]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">San Diego County</collectingCounty>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:777587FF0912FFB9FF435459B11BFD84:FA0360320912FFB8FD5555E1B3E2FBA8" box="[666,935,1011,1038]" county="San Diego County" name="Anza Borrego State Park" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="California">Anza Borrego State Park</location>
,
<collectorName box="[944,1077,1011,1037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Tub Springs</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount pageId="12" pageNumber="25" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608811631" box="[183,345,1047,1074]" location="Jacumba" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:777587FF0912FFB9FF435459B11BFD84:FA0360320912FFB8FF785202B153FB94" box="[183,278,1047,1073]" name="Jacumba" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="California">Jacumba</location>
(1 ♁)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608811635" box="[357,616,1047,1073]" location="Sentenac Canyon" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:777587FF0912FFB9FF435459B11BFD84:FA0360320912FFB8FEAA5202B261FB94" box="[357,548,1047,1073]" name="Sentenac Canyon" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="California">Sentenac Canyon</location>
(
<specimenCount box="[563,598,1047,1073]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<typeStatus box="[627,731,1047,1073]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus box="[784,870,1047,1073]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">allotype</typeStatus>
deposited at
<collectionCode box="[1012,1103,1047,1073]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3s7c-0bcs" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">PMNH</collectionCode>
,
<typeStatus box="[140,243,1082,1108]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">paratypes</typeStatus>
deposited at
<collectionCode box="[388,468,1082,1108]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">LACM</collectionCode>
and other
<collectingCountry box="[588,641,1082,1108]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">USA</collectingCountry>
museums as well as in private collections.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="12.[140,1108,729,1672]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,312,1117,1143]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis box="[185,307,1117,1143]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[318,635,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="benjamini" subSpecies="mayhewi">
<emphasis box="[318,635,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Catocala benjamini mayhewi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<emphasis box="[778,797,1118,1144]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[811,824,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">b</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brower" authorityYear="1937" box="[839,951,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benjamini">
<emphasis box="[839,951,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">benjamini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs as follows: dorsal forewing surface slightly paler grayish brown; yellowish areas on hindwing dorsal surface slightly paler; inner band almost always thin, occasionally absent. Mean forewing length of
<emphasis box="[428,447,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[462,476,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">b</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[490,587,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">mayhewi</emphasis>
(19.0 mm, males; 21.5 mm, females) consistently smaller than all other
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brower" authorityYear="1937" box="[456,603,1258,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benjamini">
<emphasis box="[456,475,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[491,603,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">benjamini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subspecies.
<emphasis box="[743,762,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[777,791,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">b</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[807,904,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">mayhewi</emphasis>
is sympatric with
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Edwards" authorityYear="1885" box="[140,306,1293,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andromache">
<emphasis box="[140,159,1294,1320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[174,306,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">andromache</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
throughout most of its range (this fact led
<bibRefCitation author="Brower AE" box="[794,960,1293,1320]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" pagination="159" refId="ref10043" refString="Brower AE (1982) Change in status of Catocala andromache race &quot; benjamini &quot; (Noctuidae). Journal of Th e Lepidopterists' Society 36: 159." type="journal article" year="1982">Brower (1982)</bibRefCitation>
to elevate
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brower" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benjamini">
<emphasis box="[1081,1100,1294,1320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[140,252,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">benjamini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to a full species).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="12.[140,1108,729,1672]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,335,1363,1389]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis box="[185,330,1363,1389]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" reason="1">Description</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[348,450,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Forewing</emphasis>
: dorsal surface with black, dark-brown, tan, and beige scales, few scales iridescent bluish or purplish; overall appearance pale grayish brown; antemedial line black, edges indistinct; reniform black, subreniform usually beige, variable in size; apical yellowish area suffused with black; fringes gray, checkered with black; ventral surface pale whitish yellow with relatively narrow black medial band.
<emphasis box="[140,252,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Hindwing</emphasis>
: dorsal surface with pale-brown scales suffusing much of basal area; medial band dull pale orange; fringe yellowish tan with black checkering; bands black; ventral surface pale yellow; fringe pale yellowish beige checkered with black; inner band quite thin and narrow on both surfaces.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="26" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="13.[140,1108,167,545]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,320,167,193]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis box="[185,315,167,193]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" reason="1">Etymology</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The subspecies is named in honor of W. W. Mayhew, the author’s MS thesis advisor. A portion of the
<typeStatus box="[511,559,202,228]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">type</typeStatus>
locality (Pinyon Flat) has been protected from encroaching development thanks to Mayhew’s foresight and persistence.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="13.[140,1108,167,545]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,520,272,298]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis box="[185,343,272,298]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
and biology.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[535,884,272,298]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Catocala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="benjamini" subSpecies="mayhewi">
<emphasis box="[535,884,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">Catocala benjamini mayhewi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs along the desert-facing slopes of the Laguna, Santa Rosa, San Jacinto, San Bernardino, San Gabriel Mountains, and Little San Bernardino Mountains in southern California. It also occurs in northern
<collectingRegion box="[470,657,378,404]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">Baja California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[674,765,378,404]" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. Adults have been collected from early June to early August. Th e immature stages of
<emphasis box="[815,834,414,440]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[851,865,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">b</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[881,982,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">mayhewi</emphasis>
have been described and the larva figured by
<bibRefCitation author="Johnson JW" box="[569,762,448,475]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" pagination="303 - 327" refId="ref10573" refString="Johnson JW (1985) Th e immature stages of six California Catocala (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 23: 303 - 327." type="journal article" year="1985">Johnson (1985)</bibRefCitation>
. Th e larvae feed on
<taxonomicName authority="Nixon &amp; Steele" authorityName="Nixon &amp; Steele" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cornelius-mulleri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">Quercus cornelius-mulleri</emphasis>
Nixon &amp; Steele
</taxonomicName>
at the San Bernardino, Riverside, and San Diego County localities.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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