520 lines
75 KiB
XML
520 lines
75 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F9C7C15072873692FB4187CCD7D54AF1">Dendrochirotid holothurians (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida) including four new species, from off Misaki, Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="22C5FCC8D02CF6EC93375D89CD2BFA3E">Yamana, Yusuke</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C4DCB4C62C062BA7D1589B1C6D58D44D">Kohtsuka, Hisanori</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="69F84C635D8CCE5AC1670BE6AB251777">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1DD6636BD3BF9D495A9D517C15A016CF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="49637145E89C3D60DF326F1C10ADA10D">
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<mods:date id="A363D436018F204F38AC5AB7C30F919E">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B411409B09CCF92DA777375B1967A6CD">2018-08-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2316EDE9D97845E10A6D568465AAC589">4455</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="02F03521E6E143E449A5D1E2364742AB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6D72879EFFB00C62D7A2FB91E0D28E15" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5951768" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148691374" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5951768" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D72879EFFB00C62D7A2FB91E0D28E15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D72879EFFB00C62D7A2FB91E0D28E15" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="447" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">
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<subSubSection id="ADC16503FFB00C60D7A2FB91E2E78BE0" pageId="16" pageNumber="445" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E5643688FFB00C60D7A2FB91E2308B1F" blockId="16.[151,708,1109,1205]" box="[151,531,1109,1135]" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">
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<heading id="BE2C81E4FFB00C60D7A2FB91E2308B1F" bold="true" box="[151,531,1109,1135]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="445" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB00C60D7A2FB91E2308B1F" bold="true" box="[151,531,1109,1135]" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">
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<taxonomicName id="22DB4D0BFFB00C60D7A2FB91E18D8B1F" ID-CoL="76NQ7" authority="Yamana & Kohtsuka, 2018" authorityName="Yamana & Kohtsuka" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,430,1109,1135]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="16" pageNumber="445" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="misakiensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB00C60D7A2FB91E18D8B1F" bold="true" box="[151,430,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">Pentamera misakiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="CC9C57E1FFB00C60D680FB91E2308B1F" box="[437,531,1109,1135]" pageId="16" pageNumber="445" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E5643688FFB00C60D7A2FBBCE2E78BE0" blockId="16.[151,708,1109,1205]" box="[151,708,1143,1168]" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">[New Japanese name: Subesube-gokaku-namako]</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ADC16503FFB00C60D7A2FB58E15B8BC4" box="[151,376,1180,1205]" pageId="16" pageNumber="445" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E5643688FFB00C60D7A2FB58E15B8BC4" blockId="16.[151,708,1109,1205]" box="[151,376,1180,1205]" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">
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(
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<figureCitation id="7DE02A0DFFB00C60D7AAFB58E0D68BC4" box="[159,245,1180,1205]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[199,1397,199,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[193,1400,195,1838]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lateral views of the specimens, dorsal upper, anterior left. A, Amphicyclus japonicus Bell, 1884, (a) WMNH-INV- 2015-13, (b) -2015-14, (c) -2015-311, (d) -2015-312; B, Neocucumis misakiensis sp. nov., (e) WMNH-INV-2016-208, (f) - 2016-209; C, Pseudocolochirus misakiensis sp. nov., (g) WMNH-INV-2015-348, (h) -2015-349, (i) -2015-350; D, Hemiocnus tegulatus (Augustin, 1908) comb. nov., (j) WMNH-INV-2015-378, (k) -2015-379; E, Lipotrapeza purpurata sp. nov., (l) WMNH-INV-2015-38, (m) -2015-39, (n) -2015-40; F, Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov., (o) WMNH-INV-2015-34, (p) -2015- 35, (q) -2015-36; G, Pseudoplacothuria ohshimai (Liao, 1997) gen. nov., comb. nov., (r) WMNH-INV-2015-9, (s) -2015-10." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457429/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">Figs 1F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="7DE02A0DFFB00C60D634FB58E13D8BC4" box="[257,286,1180,1204]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[240,1366,199,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[212,1376,193,1795]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Elements of calcareous rings, viewed from body cavity, anterior upper. A, Amphicyclus japonicus Bell, 1884 (WMNH-INV-2015-14); B, Neocucumis misakiensis sp. nov. (WMNH-INV-2016-208); C, Pseudocolochirus misakiensis sp. nov. (WMNH-INV-2015-350); D, Hemiocnus tegulatus (Augustin, 1908) comb. nov. (WMNH-INV-2015-379); E, Lipotrapeza purpurata sp. nov. (WMNH-INV-2015-39); Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov. (WMNH-INV-2015-34); Pseudoplacothuria ohshimai (Liao, 1997) gen. nov., comb. nov. (WMNH-INV-2015-9). Abbreviations: ld, left-dorsal part; lv, left-ventral part; md, mid-dorsal part; mv, mid-ventral part; rd, right-dorsal part; rv, right-ventral part; -ir, inter radial element; -r, radial element." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457431/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">2F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="7DE02A0DFFB00C60D61FFB58E1538BC4" box="[298,368,1180,1204]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1911,1933]" captionTargetBox="[180,1415,197,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1416,193,1900]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. SEM image of ossicles of Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov. (A–H, WMNH-INV-2015-34). A, ossicles of the ventrolateral tentacle; B, the ventrolateral skin of peri-oral; C, the ventrolateral skin of pharynx; D, the ventrolateral skin of introvert; E the pedicel of the abdominal side; F and G, the middle part of the body wall on the abdominal side, and on the dorsal side, respectively; H, ventrolateral anal papilla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457445/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">8A–H</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ADC16503FFB00C60D7A2FB20E2968A34" pageId="16" pageNumber="445" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="E5643688FFB00C60D7A2FB20E2968A34" blockId="16.[151,1437,1252,2033]" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">
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<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB00C60D7A2FB20E1A58B8D" bold="true" box="[151,390,1252,1277]" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB00C60D6A6FB20E1DA8B8C" box="[403,505,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">Holotype</emphasis>
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, WMNH-INV-
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<date id="91651048FFB00C60D59AFB20E32B8B8D" box="[687,776,1252,1277]" pageId="16" pageNumber="445" value="2015" valueMax="2034">2015-34</date>
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(St.
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<date id="91651048FFB00C60D47CFB20E3C68B8C" box="[841,997,1252,1277]" pageId="16" pageNumber="445" value="1926-08-01">1, 26 August</date>
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2014, length
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<quantity id="22239B6DFFB00C60D3A5FB20E4C48B8C" box="[1168,1255,1252,1276]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="445" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
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, width
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||
<quantity id="22239B6DFFB00C60D270FB20E5B38B8C" box="[1349,1424,1252,1276]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="445" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
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).
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<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB00C60D7A2FACDE12A8A50" box="[151,265,1289,1312]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: WMNH-INV-
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<date id="91651048FFB00C60D68FFAC3E2318A50" box="[442,530,1287,1312]" pageId="16" pageNumber="445" value="2015" valueMax="2035">2015-35</date>
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(St.
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<date id="91651048FFB00C60D57DFACCE2FA8A50" box="[584,729,1287,1312]" pageId="16" pageNumber="445" value="1926-08-01">1, 26 August</date>
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2014, length
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||
<quantity id="22239B6DFFB00C60D440FACCE3E58A6F" box="[885,966,1288,1312]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="445" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
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, width
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<quantity id="22239B6DFFB00C60D32CFAC3E47C8A50" box="[1049,1119,1287,1312]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="445" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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||
); WMNH-INV-
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<date id="91651048FFB00C60D220FAC3E54D8A50" box="[1301,1390,1287,1312]" pageId="16" pageNumber="445" value="2015" valueMax="2036">2015-36</date>
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(St.
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||
<date id="91651048FFB00C60D7A2FAE8E1048A34" box="[151,295,1324,1349]" pageId="16" pageNumber="445" value="1926-08-01">1, 26 August</date>
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||
2014, length
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||
<quantity id="22239B6DFFB00C60D6F4FAE8E2318A34" box="[449,530,1324,1348]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="445" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
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, width
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||
<quantity id="22239B6DFFB00C60D551FAE8E28A8A34" box="[612,681,1324,1349]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="445" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="ADC16503FFB00C61D7F2FA8BE0D68D10" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="446" pageId="16" pageNumber="445" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E5643688FFB00C60D7F2FA8BE3348930" blockId="16.[151,1437,1252,2033]" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">
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<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB00C60D7F2FA8BE17A8A18" bold="true" box="[199,345,1359,1384]" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">Description.</emphasis>
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Body fusiform to barrel-shaped, with posterior end turned slightly upwards (
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<figureCitation id="7DE02A0DFFB00C60D3F5FA8BE5368A18" box="[1216,1301,1359,1384]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[199,1397,199,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[193,1400,195,1838]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lateral views of the specimens, dorsal upper, anterior left. A, Amphicyclus japonicus Bell, 1884, (a) WMNH-INV- 2015-13, (b) -2015-14, (c) -2015-311, (d) -2015-312; B, Neocucumis misakiensis sp. nov., (e) WMNH-INV-2016-208, (f) - 2016-209; C, Pseudocolochirus misakiensis sp. nov., (g) WMNH-INV-2015-348, (h) -2015-349, (i) -2015-350; D, Hemiocnus tegulatus (Augustin, 1908) comb. nov., (j) WMNH-INV-2015-378, (k) -2015-379; E, Lipotrapeza purpurata sp. nov., (l) WMNH-INV-2015-38, (m) -2015-39, (n) -2015-40; F, Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov., (o) WMNH-INV-2015-34, (p) -2015- 35, (q) -2015-36; G, Pseudoplacothuria ohshimai (Liao, 1997) gen. nov., comb. nov., (r) WMNH-INV-2015-9, (s) -2015-10." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457429/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
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); body wall thin, hardened. Body, pedicels, and introvert pink-white or yellowish white (living and preserved animals). Tentacles 10, in single circle, two ventral tentacles smaller. One row of villi-like short projections surrounding oral opening. Color of tentacles pale brown (in preserved specimens). Pedicels thin, forming two longitudinal rows along each radius, apparently non-retractile, lacking on introvert, each row with approximately 24–35 pedicels in ventral three radii, 15–22 pedicels in dorsal two radii. Pedicels becoming gradually smaller anteriorly and posteriorly. Five anal papillae and five anal teeth in radii.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E5643688FFB00C60D7F2F988E5B68985" blockId="16.[151,1437,1252,2033]" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">
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Calcareous ring elongated, with posterior bifurcations (prolongations), however, plates not fragmented, radial and interradial plates joined, sutures clearly visible. (
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<figureCitation id="7DE02A0DFFB00C60D42EF9ABE35B89F8" box="[795,888,1647,1672]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[240,1366,199,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[212,1376,193,1795]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Elements of calcareous rings, viewed from body cavity, anterior upper. A, Amphicyclus japonicus Bell, 1884 (WMNH-INV-2015-14); B, Neocucumis misakiensis sp. nov. (WMNH-INV-2016-208); C, Pseudocolochirus misakiensis sp. nov. (WMNH-INV-2015-350); D, Hemiocnus tegulatus (Augustin, 1908) comb. nov. (WMNH-INV-2015-379); E, Lipotrapeza purpurata sp. nov. (WMNH-INV-2015-39); Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov. (WMNH-INV-2015-34); Pseudoplacothuria ohshimai (Liao, 1997) gen. nov., comb. nov. (WMNH-INV-2015-9). Abbreviations: ld, left-dorsal part; lv, left-ventral part; md, mid-dorsal part; mv, mid-ventral part; rd, right-dorsal part; rv, right-ventral part; -ir, inter radial element; -r, radial element." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457431/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
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). Each radial element long, with long paired subdivided posterior prolongations and an anterior notch/bifurcation. Interradial elements also long, with anterior, sometimes bifid/notched prolongation but no posterior prolongations. Polian vesicle and stone canal single. Gonad in mid-body, in two clusters, one on each side of dorsal mesentery, occasionally tubules with one or two branches.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E5643688FFB00C60D7F2F93BE3038881" blockId="16.[151,1437,1252,2033]" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">
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Body wall ossicles comprise plates and tables. Plates abundant, elongated, irregular (
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<figureCitation id="7DE02A0DFFB00C60D399F93BE5058868" box="[1196,1318,1791,1816]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1911,1933]" captionTargetBox="[180,1415,197,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1416,193,1900]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. SEM image of ossicles of Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov. (A–H, WMNH-INV-2015-34). A, ossicles of the ventrolateral tentacle; B, the ventrolateral skin of peri-oral; C, the ventrolateral skin of pharynx; D, the ventrolateral skin of introvert; E the pedicel of the abdominal side; F and G, the middle part of the body wall on the abdominal side, and on the dorsal side, respectively; H, ventrolateral anal papilla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457445/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">Fig. 8F, G</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="A8590333FFB00C60D200F93BE5AD8868" box="[1333,1422,1791,1816]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,239,980,1003]" captionText="TABLE 6. Measurements (µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov." pageId="16" pageNumber="445">Table 6</tableCitation>
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), centrally thickened, multilocular. Tables with irregular disc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7DE02A0DFFB00C60D465F8E0E3EB884C" box="[848,968,1828,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1911,1933]" captionTargetBox="[180,1415,197,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1416,193,1900]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. SEM image of ossicles of Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov. (A–H, WMNH-INV-2015-34). A, ossicles of the ventrolateral tentacle; B, the ventrolateral skin of peri-oral; C, the ventrolateral skin of pharynx; D, the ventrolateral skin of introvert; E the pedicel of the abdominal side; F and G, the middle part of the body wall on the abdominal side, and on the dorsal side, respectively; H, ventrolateral anal papilla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457445/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">Fig. 8F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="A8590333FFB00C60D4E0F8E0E40E884D" box="[981,1069,1828,1853]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,239,980,1003]" captionText="TABLE 6. Measurements (µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov." pageId="16" pageNumber="445">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
), disc thick, large, multilocular, with high to moderate-sized spire of two pillars and one or two cross-beams, terminating in a reduced crown bearing a few teeth. Smaller tables occasionally present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7DE02A0DFFB00C60D414F8A8E3B588F4" box="[801,918,1900,1925]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1911,1933]" captionTargetBox="[180,1415,197,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1416,193,1900]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. SEM image of ossicles of Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov. (A–H, WMNH-INV-2015-34). A, ossicles of the ventrolateral tentacle; B, the ventrolateral skin of peri-oral; C, the ventrolateral skin of pharynx; D, the ventrolateral skin of introvert; E the pedicel of the abdominal side; F and G, the middle part of the body wall on the abdominal side, and on the dorsal side, respectively; H, ventrolateral anal papilla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457445/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">Fig. 8F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="A8590333FFB00C60D497F8A8E3DA88F5" box="[930,1017,1900,1925]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,239,980,1003]" captionText="TABLE 6. Measurements (µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov." pageId="16" pageNumber="445">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
), mostly with eight disc perforations and low spire formed by fusion of two pillars. Anal papilla with supporting tables and plates (or supporting tables with rudimentary spire) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7DE02A0DFFB00C60D686F870E22D88BC" box="[435,526,1972,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1911,1933]" captionTargetBox="[180,1415,197,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1416,193,1900]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. SEM image of ossicles of Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov. (A–H, WMNH-INV-2015-34). A, ossicles of the ventrolateral tentacle; B, the ventrolateral skin of peri-oral; C, the ventrolateral skin of pharynx; D, the ventrolateral skin of introvert; E the pedicel of the abdominal side; F and G, the middle part of the body wall on the abdominal side, and on the dorsal side, respectively; H, ventrolateral anal papilla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457445/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="445">Fig. 8H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="A8590333FFB00C60D52EF870E25188BD" box="[539,626,1972,1997]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,239,980,1003]" captionText="TABLE 6. Measurements (µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov." pageId="16" pageNumber="445">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
). Skin around anus with usually smaller tables, spire occasionally with one cross-beam, and 4–12 minute processes/teeth distally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E5643688FFB10C61D7F2FF53E4488E15" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
Tentacle ossicles comprise flattened narrow plates and rod-like plates, varying in size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7DE02A0DFFB10C61D3F2FF53E5078FC0" box="[1223,1316,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1911,1933]" captionTargetBox="[180,1415,197,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1416,193,1900]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. SEM image of ossicles of Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov. (A–H, WMNH-INV-2015-34). A, ossicles of the ventrolateral tentacle; B, the ventrolateral skin of peri-oral; C, the ventrolateral skin of pharynx; D, the ventrolateral skin of introvert; E the pedicel of the abdominal side; F and G, the middle part of the body wall on the abdominal side, and on the dorsal side, respectively; H, ventrolateral anal papilla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457445/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="A8590333FFB10C61D200FF53E5AD8FC0" box="[1333,1422,151,176]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,239,980,1003]" captionText="TABLE 6. Measurements (µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov." pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
), mostly with single or double series of central perforations, and two or more rows of distal perforations, occasionally without central perforations. Peri-oral skin and pharyngeal villi with flattened, rosette-like plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7DE02A0DFFB10C61D25AFF1BE0F88E6C" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1911,1933]" captionTargetBox="[180,1415,197,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1416,193,1900]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. SEM image of ossicles of Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov. (A–H, WMNH-INV-2015-34). A, ossicles of the ventrolateral tentacle; B, the ventrolateral skin of peri-oral; C, the ventrolateral skin of pharynx; D, the ventrolateral skin of introvert; E the pedicel of the abdominal side; F and G, the middle part of the body wall on the abdominal side, and on the dorsal side, respectively; H, ventrolateral anal papilla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457445/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Fig. 8B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="A8590333FFB10C61D7DDFEC0E11D8E6D" box="[232,318,260,285]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,239,980,1003]" captionText="TABLE 6. Measurements (µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov." pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
), with slightly knobbed margins and centrally with one or two large perforations, and distally with many smaller/minute perforations, frequently occluded. Introvert with thick narrow plates, with two larger central perforations and other smaller perforations in single or double series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7DE02A0DFFB10C61D491FE88E3DE8E14" box="[932,1021,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1911,1933]" captionTargetBox="[180,1415,197,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1416,193,1900]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. SEM image of ossicles of Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov. (A–H, WMNH-INV-2015-34). A, ossicles of the ventrolateral tentacle; B, the ventrolateral skin of peri-oral; C, the ventrolateral skin of pharynx; D, the ventrolateral skin of introvert; E the pedicel of the abdominal side; F and G, the middle part of the body wall on the abdominal side, and on the dorsal side, respectively; H, ventrolateral anal papilla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457445/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="A8590333FFB10C61D33CFE88E47E8E15" box="[1033,1117,332,357]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,239,980,1003]" captionText="TABLE 6. Measurements (µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov." pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E5643688FFB10C61D7F2FEABE0D68D10" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
Pedicels with small, circular endplate and comparatively large supporting tables (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7DE02A0DFFB10C61D353FEABE49D8EF8" box="[1126,1214,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1911,1933]" captionTargetBox="[180,1415,197,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1416,193,1900]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. SEM image of ossicles of Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov. (A–H, WMNH-INV-2015-34). A, ossicles of the ventrolateral tentacle; B, the ventrolateral skin of peri-oral; C, the ventrolateral skin of pharynx; D, the ventrolateral skin of introvert; E the pedicel of the abdominal side; F and G, the middle part of the body wall on the abdominal side, and on the dorsal side, respectively; H, ventrolateral anal papilla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457445/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="A8590333FFB10C61D3FEFEABE5018EF8" box="[1227,1314,367,392]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,239,980,1003]" captionText="TABLE 6. Measurements (µm) of ossicles from three specimens of Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov." pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
). Endplate thin, weak, with coarse and irregular perforations, occasionally with approximately three different forms of perforations arranged in three concentric series, with large perforations marginally and smaller perforations medially. Supporting tables with narrow arched disc, with 2–4 central perforations and 1–3 distal ones; spire low, with two pillars and one cross-beam, with 2–3 pairs of minute processes on top of spire (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7DE02A0DFFB10C61D39BFE3BE52A8D68" box="[1198,1289,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1911,1933]" captionTargetBox="[180,1415,197,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1416,193,1900]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. SEM image of ossicles of Pentamera misakiensis sp. nov. (A–H, WMNH-INV-2015-34). A, ossicles of the ventrolateral tentacle; B, the ventrolateral skin of peri-oral; C, the ventrolateral skin of pharynx; D, the ventrolateral skin of introvert; E the pedicel of the abdominal side; F and G, the middle part of the body wall on the abdominal side, and on the dorsal side, respectively; H, ventrolateral anal papilla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1457445/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Supporting tables, frequently with reduced spire, resulting in ossicles in the form of narrow plates/rods. Gonad lacking ossicles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADC16503FFB10C62D7F2FDA8E24C8FA5" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="447" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E5643688FFB10C61D7F2FDA8E5058CD5" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB10C61D7F2FDA8E1188DF5" bold="true" box="[199,315,620,645]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species has 10 tentacles, an elongated, complex, calcareous ring, and plate and table ossicles in the body-wall. This combination of features is typical of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DB4D0BFFB10C61D4A1FD55E4828DD8" authority="Ayres, 1852" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1852" box="[916,1185,655,680]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB10C61D4A1FD55E42C8DD8" box="[916,1039,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Pentamera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D322FD54E4828DD8" box="[1047,1185,655,680]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref10233" refString="Ayres, W. O. (1852) A description of a new species of Holothuria, brought from the coast of South Carolina, by Mr. Stimpson, to which he proposed to give the name of Pentamera pulcherrima. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 4. 207 - 208." type="journal article">Ayres, 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, currently represented by two nominal species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DCC7618FFB10C61D6D9FD71E20F8DBC" box="[492,556,693,716]" name="Japan" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D509FD70E2C78DBD" box="[572,740,692,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref11641" refString="Ohshima, H. (1915) Report on the holothurians collected by the United States Fisheries Steamer " ALBATROSS " in the Northwestern Pacific during the summer of 1906. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 48, 213 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.48 - 2073.213" type="journal article">
|
||
Ohshima
|
||
<date id="91651048FFB10C61D599FD70E2C78DBD" box="[684,740,692,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" value="1915" valueMax="1918">1915</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D42BFD70E3468DBC" box="[798,869,692,716]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref11700" refString="Ohshima, H. (1918 a) [Holothuroidea in northwest Pacific. XIII]. Dobutsugaku Zasshi, 30 (357), 274 - 281. [in Japanese]" type="journal article">1918a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D447FD70E3A08DBD" box="[882,899,692,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref11733" refString="Ohshima, H. (1918 b) [Holothuroidea in northwest Pacific. XI]. Dobutsugaku Zasshi, 30 (355), 177 - 182. [in Japanese]" type="journal article">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DB4D0BFFB10C61D4AFFD71E57B8DBD" authority="(Ohshima, 1915)" authorityName="Ohshima" authorityYear="1915" baseAuthorityName="Ohshima" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[922,1368,692,717]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="constricta">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB10C61D4AFFD71E4AE8DBC" box="[922,1165,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Pentamera constricta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D3A8FD70E56C8DBD" box="[1181,1359,692,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref11641" refString="Ohshima, H. (1915) Report on the holothurians collected by the United States Fisheries Steamer " ALBATROSS " in the Northwestern Pacific during the summer of 1906. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 48, 213 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.48 - 2073.213" type="journal article">Ohshima, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from Genkai sea, north of Kyushu, and off Goto Islands, west of Kyushu; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DB4D0BFFB10C61D4EEFD1DE5138D80" authority="(Stimpson, 1851)" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1851" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[987,1328,727,752]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="calcigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB10C61D4EEFD1DE4418D80" box="[987,1122,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">P. calcigera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D344FD13E5048D80" box="[1137,1319,727,752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref12246" refString="Stimpson, W. (1851) Description of Pentacta calcigera n. sp. Proceedings Boston Society Natural History, 4, 67." type="journal article">Stimpson, 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from off Goto Islands, west of Kyushu, and off Karafuto (Sakhalin)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DCC7618FFB10C61D405FD38E35B8C65" box="[816,888,764,789]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The present species is easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DB4D0BFFB10C61D7A2FCE5E1068C47" baseAuthorityName="Ohshima" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[151,293,800,824]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="constricta">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB10C61D7A2FCE5E1068C47" box="[151,293,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">P. constricta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which the introvert possesses tables with a large disc; however in the new species the introvert possesses only plates. The body wall ossicles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DB4D0BFFB10C61D5D9FC81E35B8C2C" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[748,888,836,860]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="calcigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB10C61D5D9FC81E35B8C2C" box="[748,888,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">P. calcigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to that of the present species (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D7A2FCA3E17E8CF0" box="[151,349,871,896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref10563" refString="Deichmann, E. (1930) The Holothurians of the western part of the Atlantic ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, LXXI (No. 3), 43 - 226." type="book chapter">Deichmann 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D65EFCA3E22F8CF0" box="[363,524,871,896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref11918" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothurioidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologischen Jahrbuchern, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article">Panning 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the pedicels and tentacles with red and purple color, respectively, and the pedicels with four rows in middle body (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D568FC48E3288CD5" box="[605,779,908,933]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref12246" refString="Stimpson, W. (1851) Description of Pentacta calcigera n. sp. Proceedings Boston Society Natural History, 4, 67." type="journal article">Stimpson 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), are different from those of the present species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B1A46600FFB10C61D7A2FC10E4E28C9B" box="[151,1217,979,1003]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<paragraph id="E5643688FFB10C61D7A2FC10E4E28C9B" blockId="17.[151,1217,979,1003]" box="[151,1217,979,1003]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB10C61D7A2FC10E1298C9B" bold="true" box="[151,266,980,1003]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">TABLE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (µm) of ossicles from three specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DB4D0BFFB10C61D458FC10E4478C9B" authority="Yamana & Kohtsuka, 2018" authorityName="Yamana & Kohtsuka" authorityYear="2018" box="[877,1124,979,1003]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="misakiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB10C61D458FC10E4478C9B" box="[877,1124,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Pentamera misakiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CC9C57E1FFB10C61D35EFC10E4E28C9B" box="[1131,1217,980,1003]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E5643688FFB10C61D6C6FBC2E54F8920" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<table id="97DBC428FFB1F38FD7AAFBC2E5A68920" box="[159,1413,1030,1616]" gridcols="10" gridrows="15" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<tr id="5BEB34CAFFB1F38FD7AAFBC2E5A68B6C" box="[159,1413,1030,1052]" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD6C6FBC2E32F8B6C" box="[499,780,1030,1052]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">WMNH-INV-2015-34</th>
|
||
<th id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD405FBC2E46A8B6C" box="[816,1097,1030,1052]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">WMNH-INV-2015-35</th>
|
||
<th id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD359FBC2E5A68B6C" box="[1132,1413,1030,1052]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">WMNH-INV-2015-36</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5BEB34CAFFB1F38FD7AAFBEAE5A68B34" box="[159,1413,1070,1092]" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<th id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD7AAFBEAE1B08B34" box="[159,403,1070,1092]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Ossicle type</th>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD6C6FBEAE22E8B34" box="[499,525,1070,1092]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">n</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD50DFBEAE2B48B34" box="[568,663,1070,1092]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Mean±sd</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD581FBEAE32F8B34" box="[692,780,1070,1092]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Range</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD405FBEAE36A8B34" box="[816,841,1070,1092]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">n</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD440FBEAE3F08B34" box="[885,979,1070,1092]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Mean±sd</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD4C5FBEAE46A8B34" box="[1008,1097,1070,1092]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Range</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD359FBEAE4A68B34" box="[1132,1157,1070,1092]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">n</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD384FBEAE5338B34" box="[1201,1296,1070,1092]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Mean±sd</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD218FBEAE5A68B34" box="[1325,1413,1070,1092]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Range</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5BEB34CAFFB1F38FD7AAFB92E5A68B1C" box="[159,1413,1110,1132]" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<th id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD7AAFB92E1B08B1C" box="[159,403,1110,1132]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Tentacle plate</th>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD6C6FB92E22E8B1C" box="[499,525,1110,1132]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">15</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD50DFB92E2B48B1C" box="[568,663,1110,1132]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">106±57</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD581FB92E32F8B1C" box="[692,780,1110,1132]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">39–228</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD405FB92E36A8B1C" box="[816,841,1110,1132]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">18</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD440FB92E3F08B1C" box="[885,979,1110,1132]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">128±63</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD4C5FB92E46A8B1C" box="[1008,1097,1110,1132]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">44–214</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD359FB92E4A68B1C" box="[1132,1157,1110,1132]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">17</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD384FB92E5338B1C" box="[1201,1296,1110,1132]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">133±58</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD218FB92E5A68B1C" box="[1325,1413,1110,1132]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">43–225</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5BEB34CAFFB1F38FD7AAFBBBE5A68BE5" box="[159,1413,1151,1173]" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<th id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD7AAFBBBE1B08BE5" box="[159,403,1151,1173]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Peri-oral plate</th>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD6C6FBBBE22E8BE5" box="[499,525,1151,1173]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">9</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD50DFBBBE2B48BE5" box="[568,663,1151,1173]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">72±17</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD581FBBBE32F8BE5" box="[692,780,1151,1173]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">48–99</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD405FBBBE36A8BE5" box="[816,841,1151,1173]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">20</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD440FBBBE3F08BE5" box="[885,979,1151,1173]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">90±23</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD4C5FBBBE46A8BE5" box="[1008,1097,1151,1173]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">52–131</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD359FBBBE4A68BE5" box="[1132,1157,1151,1173]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">12</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD384FBBBE5338BE5" box="[1201,1296,1151,1173]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">139±44</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD218FBBBE5A68BE5" box="[1325,1413,1151,1173]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">55–192</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5BEB34CAFFB1F38FD7AAFB63E5A68BCD" box="[159,1413,1191,1213]" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<th id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD7AAFB63E1B08BCD" box="[159,403,1191,1213]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Pharyngeal plate</th>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD6C6FB63E22E8BCD" box="[499,525,1191,1213]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">15</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD50DFB63E2B48BCD" box="[568,663,1191,1213]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">83±14</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD581FB63E32F8BCD" box="[692,780,1191,1213]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">63–108</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD405FB63E36A8BCD" box="[816,841,1191,1213]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">16</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD440FB63E3F08BCD" box="[885,979,1191,1213]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">82±14</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD4C5FB63E46A8BCD" box="[1008,1097,1191,1213]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">58–121</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD359FB63E4A68BCD" box="[1132,1157,1191,1213]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">23</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD384FB63E5338BCD" box="[1201,1296,1191,1213]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">93±32</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD218FB63E5A68BCD" box="[1325,1413,1191,1213]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">46–197</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5BEB34CAFFB1F38FD7AAFB0BE5A68B95" box="[159,1413,1231,1253]" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<th id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD7AAFB0BE1B08B95" box="[159,403,1231,1253]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Introvert plate</th>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD6C6FB0BE22E8B95" box="[499,525,1231,1253]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">13</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD50DFB0BE2B48B95" box="[568,663,1231,1253]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">157±31</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD581FB0BE32F8B95" box="[692,780,1231,1253]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">118–236</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD405FB0BE36A8B95" box="[816,841,1231,1253]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">15</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD440FB0BE3F08B95" box="[885,979,1231,1253]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">142±18</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD4C5FB0BE46A8B95" box="[1008,1097,1231,1253]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">116–178</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD359FB0BE4A68B95" box="[1132,1157,1231,1253]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">16</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD384FB0BE5338B95" box="[1201,1296,1231,1253]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">150±13</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD218FB0BE5A68B95" box="[1325,1413,1231,1253]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">124–167</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5BEB34CAFFB1F38FD7AAFB33E5A68A7D" box="[159,1413,1271,1293]" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<th id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD7AAFB33E1B08A7D" box="[159,403,1271,1293]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Pedicel endplate</th>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD6C6FB33E22E8A7D" box="[499,525,1271,1293]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">4</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD50DFB33E2B48A7D" box="[568,663,1271,1293]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">90±4</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD581FB33E32F8A7D" box="[692,780,1271,1293]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">85–94</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD405FB33E36A8A7D" box="[816,841,1271,1293]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">4</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD440FB33E3F08A7D" box="[885,979,1271,1293]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">90±4</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD4C5FB33E46A8A7D" box="[1008,1097,1271,1293]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">86–95</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD359FB33E4A68A7D" box="[1132,1157,1271,1293]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">3</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD384FB33E5338A7D" box="[1201,1296,1271,1293]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">89±3</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD218FB33E5A68A7D" box="[1325,1413,1271,1293]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">87–93</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5BEB34CAFFB1F38FD7AAFAE4E5A68A46" box="[159,1413,1312,1334]" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<th id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD7AAFAE4E1B08A46" box="[159,403,1312,1334]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Pedicel supporting table</th>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD6C6FAE4E22E8A46" box="[499,525,1312,1334]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">17</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD50DFAE4E2B48A46" box="[568,663,1312,1334]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">88±10</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD581FAE4E32F8A46" box="[692,780,1312,1334]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">73–103</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD405FAE4E36A8A46" box="[816,841,1312,1334]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">16</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD440FAE4E3F08A46" box="[885,979,1312,1334]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">94±9</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD4C5FAE4E46A8A46" box="[1008,1097,1312,1334]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">78–121</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD359FAE4E4A68A46" box="[1132,1157,1312,1334]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">17</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD384FAE4E5338A46" box="[1201,1296,1312,1334]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">89±9</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD218FAE4E5A68A46" box="[1325,1413,1312,1334]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">73–106</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5BEB34CAFFB1F38FD7AAFA8CE5A68A2E" box="[159,1413,1352,1374]" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<th id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD7AAFA8CE1B08A2E" box="[159,403,1352,1374]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Body plate (abdominal)</th>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD6C6FA8CE22E8A2E" box="[499,525,1352,1374]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">14</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD50DFA8CE2B48A2E" box="[568,663,1352,1374]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">213±41</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD581FA8CE32F8A2E" box="[692,780,1352,1374]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">112–265</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD405FA8CE36A8A2E" box="[816,841,1352,1374]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">16</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD440FA8CE3F08A2E" box="[885,979,1352,1374]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">179±37</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD4C5FA8CE46A8A2E" box="[1008,1097,1352,1374]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">110–241</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD359FA8CE4A68A2E" box="[1132,1157,1352,1374]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">20</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD384FA8CE5338A2E" box="[1201,1296,1352,1374]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">219±59</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD218FA8CE5A68A2E" box="[1325,1413,1352,1374]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">131–337</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5BEB34CAFFB1F38FD7AAFAB4E5A68AF6" box="[159,1413,1392,1414]" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<th id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD7AAFAB4E1B08AF6" box="[159,403,1392,1414]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Body table (abdominal)</th>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD6C6FAB4E22E8AF6" box="[499,525,1392,1414]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">8</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD50DFAB4E2B48AF6" box="[568,663,1392,1414]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">97±17</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD581FAB4E32F8AF6" box="[692,780,1392,1414]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">74–121</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD405FAB4E36A8AF6" box="[816,841,1392,1414]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">4</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD440FAB4E3F08AF6" box="[885,979,1392,1414]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">115±38</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD4C5FAB4E46A8AF6" box="[1008,1097,1392,1414]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">88–171</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD359FAB4E4A68AF6" box="[1132,1157,1392,1414]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">5</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD384FAB4E5338AF6" box="[1201,1296,1392,1414]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">103±12</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD218FAB4E5A68AF6" box="[1325,1413,1392,1414]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">94–124</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5BEB34CAFFB1F38FD7AAFA5CE5A68ADE" box="[159,1413,1432,1454]" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<th id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD7AAFA5CE1B08ADE" box="[159,403,1432,1454]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Body plate (dorsal)</th>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD6C6FA5CE22E8ADE" box="[499,525,1432,1454]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">14</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD50DFA5CE2B48ADE" box="[568,663,1432,1454]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">244±54</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD581FA5CE32F8ADE" box="[692,780,1432,1454]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">131–356</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD405FA5CE36A8ADE" box="[816,841,1432,1454]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">17</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD440FA5CE3F08ADE" box="[885,979,1432,1454]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">201±57</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD4C5FA5CE46A8ADE" box="[1008,1097,1432,1454]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">102–309</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD359FA5CE4A68ADE" box="[1132,1157,1432,1454]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">9</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD384FA5CE5338ADE" box="[1201,1296,1432,1454]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">238±57</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD218FA5CE5A68ADE" box="[1325,1413,1432,1454]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">129–298</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5BEB34CAFFB1F38FD7AAFA05E5A68AA7" box="[159,1413,1473,1495]" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<th id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD7AAFA05E1B08AA7" box="[159,403,1473,1495]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Body table (dorsal)</th>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD6C6FA05E22E8AA7" box="[499,525,1473,1495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">7</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD50DFA05E2B48AA7" box="[568,663,1473,1495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">115±22</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD581FA05E32F8AA7" box="[692,780,1473,1495]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">91–154</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD405FA05E36A8AA7" box="[816,841,1473,1495]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">6</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD440FA05E3F08AA7" box="[885,979,1473,1495]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">129±17</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD4C5FA05E46A8AA7" box="[1008,1097,1473,1495]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">111–158</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD359FA05E4A68AA7" box="[1132,1157,1473,1495]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">7</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD384FA05E5338AA7" box="[1201,1296,1473,1495]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">118±33</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD218FA05E5A68AA7" box="[1325,1413,1473,1495]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">76–154</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5BEB34CAFFB1F38FD7AAFA2DE5A68A8F" box="[159,1413,1513,1535]" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<th id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD7AAFA2DE1B08A8F" box="[159,403,1513,1535]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Anal supporting plate</th>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD6C6FA2DE22E8A8F" box="[499,525,1513,1535]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">5</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD50DFA2DE2B48A8F" box="[568,663,1513,1535]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">78±25</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD581FA2DE32F8A8F" box="[692,780,1513,1535]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">48–105</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD405FA2DE36A8A8F" box="[816,841,1513,1535]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">5</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD440FA2DE3F08A8F" box="[885,979,1513,1535]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">74±15</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD4C5FA2DE46A8A8F" box="[1008,1097,1513,1535]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">62–98</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD359FA2DE4A68A8F" box="[1132,1157,1513,1535]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">5</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD384FA2DE5338A8F" box="[1201,1296,1513,1535]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">75±16</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD218FA2DE5A68A8F" box="[1325,1413,1513,1535]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">56–94</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5BEB34CAFFB1F38FD7AAF9D5E5A68957" box="[159,1413,1553,1575]" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<th id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD7AAF9D5E1B08957" box="[159,403,1553,1575]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Anal supporting table</th>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD6C6F9D5E22E8957" box="[499,525,1553,1575]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">3</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD50DF9D5E2B48957" box="[568,663,1553,1575]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">72±4</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD581F9D5E32F8957" box="[692,780,1553,1575]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">68–76</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD405F9D5E36A8957" box="[816,841,1553,1575]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">0</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD440F9D5E3F08957" box="[885,979,1553,1575]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">-</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD4C5F9D5E46A8957" box="[1008,1097,1553,1575]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">-</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD359F9D5E4A68957" box="[1132,1157,1553,1575]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">4</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD384F9D5E5338957" box="[1201,1296,1553,1575]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">86±7</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD218F9D5E5A68957" box="[1325,1413,1553,1575]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">77–95</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5BEB34CAFFB1F38FD7AAF9FEE5A68920" box="[159,1413,1594,1616]" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<th id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD7AAF9FEE1B08920" box="[159,403,1594,1616]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Anal table</th>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD6C6F9FEE22E8920" box="[499,525,1594,1616]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">3</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD50DF9FEE2B48920" box="[568,663,1594,1616]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">65±1</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD581F9FEE32F8920" box="[692,780,1594,1616]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">64–66</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD405F9FEE36A8920" box="[816,841,1594,1616]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">1</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD440F9FEE3F08920" box="[885,979,1594,1616]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">69</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD4C5F9FEE46A8920" box="[1008,1097,1594,1616]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">-</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD359F9FEE4A68920" box="[1132,1157,1594,1616]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">4</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD384F9FEE5338920" box="[1201,1296,1594,1616]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">75±1</td>
|
||
<td id="183A5DB6FFB1F38FD218F9FEE5A68920" box="[1325,1413,1594,1616]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">74–77</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E5643688FFB10C62D7FAF950E24C8FA5" blockId="17.[151,1436,1684,2033]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="447" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">
|
||
Among the present nominal species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DB4D0BFFB10C61D5BAF951E32989DC" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1852" box="[655,778,1685,1708]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB10C61D5BAF951E32989DC" box="[655,778,1685,1708]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Pentamera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some species have a peculiar supporting tables, with tall spire which ends in flattened lobes and/or many teeth (
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB10C61D424F97DE36389A0" box="[785,832,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">e.g.,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DB4D0BFFB10C61D47FF97DE4CE89A0" authority="Deichmann, 1938" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1938" box="[842,1261,1719,1744]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="beebei">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB10C61D47FF97DE43489A0" box="[842,1047,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">Pentamera beebei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D315F973E4CE89A0" box="[1056,1261,1719,1744]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref10603" refString="Deichmann, E. (1938) Eastern Pacific Expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XVI. Holothurians from the Western Coasts of Lower California and Central America, and from the Galapagos Islands. Zoologica, 23, 361 - 387." type="journal article">Deichmann, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which is thus easily distinguished from the present species. Although, other species have supporting tables with low spire, or lack detailed descriptions of the ossicle morphology, the present species is also distinguishable from all of them by following features: from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DB4D0BFFB10C61D69BF8E1E2D6884C" authority="(Ludwig, 1887)" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[430,757,1828,1853]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chierchiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB10C61D69BF8E1E21C884C" box="[430,575,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">P. chierchiae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D578F8E0E2CE884C" box="[589,749,1828,1853]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref11251" refString="Ludwig, H. (1887) Die von G. Chierchia auf der Fahrt der Kgl. Ital. Corvette " Vettor Pisani " gesammelten Holothurien. Zoologischen Jahrbuchern, II, 1 - 36." type="book chapter">Ludwig, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DB4D0BFFB10C61D41EF8E1E44F884C" authority="(Ludwig, 1887)" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[811,1132,1828,1853]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chiloensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB10C61D41EF8E1E395884C" box="[811,950,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">P. chiloensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D4F0F8E0E447884C" box="[965,1124,1828,1853]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref11251" refString="Ludwig, H. (1887) Die von G. Chierchia auf der Fahrt der Kgl. Ital. Corvette " Vettor Pisani " gesammelten Holothurien. Zoologischen Jahrbuchern, II, 1 - 36." type="book chapter">Ludwig, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which have peculiar tables in body wall (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D605F883E1EF8810" box="[304,460,1863,1888]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref11251" refString="Ludwig, H. (1887) Die von G. Chierchia auf der Fahrt der Kgl. Ital. Corvette " Vettor Pisani " gesammelten Holothurien. Zoologischen Jahrbuchern, II, 1 - 36." type="book chapter">Ludwig 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DB4D0BFFB10C61D6EAF88DE2CD8810" authority="(Semper, 1868)" authorityName="Semper" authorityYear="1868" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[479,750,1863,1888]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="citrea">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB10C61D6EAF88DE218882F" box="[479,571,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">P. citrea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D57CF88CE2C68810" box="[585,741,1863,1888]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref12179" refString="Semper, C. (1868) Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Teil 2. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. C. W. Kreidel, Wiesbaden, 288 pp." type="book">Semper, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has peculiar supporting tables without a cross-beam (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D271F88CE0F088F5" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref12179" refString="Semper, C. (1868) Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Teil 2. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. C. W. Kreidel, Wiesbaden, 288 pp." type="book">Semper 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DB4D0BFFB10C61D7DDF8A9E23688F4" authority="(Clark, 1924)" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1924" baseAuthorityName="Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[232,533,1900,1925]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lissoplaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB10C61D7DDF8A9E15688F4" box="[232,373,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">P. lissoplaca</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D6B0F8A8E22E88F4" box="[389,525,1900,1925]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref10503" refString="Clark, H. L. (1924) Some Holothurians from British Columbia. The Canadian Field-Naturalist, XXXVIII (No. 3), 54 - 57." type="book chapter">Clark, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DB4D0BFFB10C61D579F8A9E3FB88F4" authority="Deichmann, 1938" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1938" box="[588,984,1900,1925]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="montereyensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB10C61D579F8A9E32B88F4" box="[588,776,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">P. montereyensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D425F8A8E3FB88F4" box="[784,984,1900,1925]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref10603" refString="Deichmann, E. (1938) Eastern Pacific Expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XVI. Holothurians from the Western Coasts of Lower California and Central America, and from the Galapagos Islands. Zoologica, 23, 361 - 387." type="journal article">Deichmann, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have button ossicle in body wall (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D269F8A8E0F088D8" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref10503" refString="Clark, H. L. (1924) Some Holothurians from British Columbia. The Canadian Field-Naturalist, XXXVIII (No. 3), 54 - 57." type="book chapter">Clark 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D7D5F84BE18488D8" box="[224,423,1935,1960]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref10603" refString="Deichmann, E. (1938) Eastern Pacific Expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XVI. Holothurians from the Western Coasts of Lower California and Central America, and from the Galapagos Islands. Zoologica, 23, 361 - 387." type="journal article">Deichmann 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DB4D0BFFB10C61D68BF855E33C88D8" authority="(Stimpson, 1864)" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1864" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[446,799,1935,1960]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="populifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB10C61D68BF855E27288D8" box="[446,593,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">P. populifera</emphasis>
|
||
(Stimpson, 1864)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DB4D0BFFB10C61D46EF855E44C88D8" authority="Lambert, 1998" authorityName="Lambert" authorityYear="1998" box="[859,1135,1935,1960]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rigida">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB10C61D46EF855E39D88D8" box="[859,958,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">P. rigida</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D4FDF84BE44C88D8" box="[968,1135,1935,1960]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref11071" refString="Lambert, P. (1998) Pentamera rigida and P. pediparva, two new species of sea cucumber from the west coast of North America (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Proceedings of the biological society of Washington, 111, 535 - 550." type="journal article">Lambert, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have thick plates in body wall, with 25–40 holes (Stimpson 1864;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D551F870E32488BC" box="[612,775,1972,1997]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref11071" refString="Lambert, P. (1998) Pentamera rigida and P. pediparva, two new species of sea cucumber from the west coast of North America (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Proceedings of the biological society of Washington, 111, 535 - 550." type="journal article">Lambert 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DB4D0BFFB10C61D429F871E47088BD" authority="Cherbonnier, 1951" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1951" box="[796,1107,1972,1997]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dubia">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB10C61D429F871E35A88BC" box="[796,889,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">P. dubia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D4B4F870E47088BD" box="[897,1107,1972,1997]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref10445" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1951) Holothuries de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Memoires Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Deuxieme Serie, Fasc. 41, 1 - 65." type="book chapter">Cherbonnier, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DB4D0BFFB10C61D3BEF871E0EC8881" authority="Cherbonnier, 1951" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1951" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB10C61D3BEF871E52188BC" box="[1163,1282,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">P. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D23FF870E0EC8881" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref10445" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1951) Holothuries de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Memoires Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Deuxieme Serie, Fasc. 41, 1 - 65." type="book chapter">Cherbonnier, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have short calcareous ring without posterior prolongation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C61D4BFF81CE47C8881" box="[906,1119,2008,2033]" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref10445" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1951) Holothuries de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Memoires Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Deuxieme Serie, Fasc. 41, 1 - 65." type="book chapter">Cherbonnier 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DB4D0BFFB10C62D342F81DE1528FC0" authority="Prata & Cristofferson, 2016" authorityName="Prata & Cristofferson" authorityYear="2016" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="447" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paraibanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB10C61D342F81DE5158880" box="[1143,1334,2008,2032]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="446">P. paraibanensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB10C62D274F81DE1528FC0" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="447" pageId="17" pageNumber="446" refId="ref12077" refString="Prata, J. & Cristofferson, M. L. (2016) A new species of Pentamera Ayres, 1852 from the Brazilian coast (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirotida, Phyllophoridae). Zookeys, 634, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 634.9769" type="journal article">Prata & Cristofferson, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DB4D0BFFB20C62D69DFF5DE2FE8FC0" authority="Ayres, 1852" authorityName="Ayres" authorityYear="1852" box="[424,733,151,176]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="18" pageNumber="447" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB20C62D69DFF5DE26D8FC0" box="[424,590,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="447">P. pulcherrima</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB20C62D563FF5CE2FE8FC0" box="[598,733,151,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="447" refId="ref10233" refString="Ayres, W. O. (1852) A description of a new species of Holothuria, brought from the coast of South Carolina, by Mr. Stimpson, to which he proposed to give the name of Pentamera pulcherrima. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 4. 207 - 208." type="journal article">Ayres, 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have brownish body color and bluish body color, respectively (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB20C62D7ABFF78E1018FA5" box="[158,290,188,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="447" refId="ref10233" refString="Ayres, W. O. (1852) A description of a new species of Holothuria, brought from the coast of South Carolina, by Mr. Stimpson, to which he proposed to give the name of Pentamera pulcherrima. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 4. 207 - 208." type="journal article">Ayres 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814A4B79FFB20C62D61BFF79E2408FA5" box="[302,611,188,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="447" refId="ref12077" refString="Prata, J. & Cristofferson, M. L. (2016) A new species of Pentamera Ayres, 1852 from the Brazilian coast (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirotida, Phyllophoridae). Zookeys, 634, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 634.9769" type="journal article">Prata & Cristofferson 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADC16503FFB20C62D7F2FF1BE3448E6C" pageId="18" pageNumber="447" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="E5643688FFB20C62D7F2FF1BE3448E6C" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="447">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB20C62D7F2FF1BE1438F88" bold="true" box="[199,352,223,248]" pageId="18" pageNumber="447">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
So far known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="3A60882AFFB20C62D5F1FF24E2D78F88" box="[708,756,224,248]" pageId="18" pageNumber="447">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, off Jyogashima Island, south coast of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="271FF86AFFB20C62D213FF24E12E8E6D" country="Japan" name="Kanagawa" pageId="18" pageNumber="447">Kanagawa Prefecture</collectingRegion>
|
||
, sand bottom,
|
||
<quantity id="22239B6DFFB20C62D69AFEC0E2368E6C" box="[431,533,260,284]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="8.8" metricValueMin="8.7" pageId="18" pageNumber="447" unit="m" value="87.5" valueMax="88.0" valueMin="87.0">87–88 m</quantity>
|
||
, Pacific Ocean, middle
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DCC7618FFB20C62D415FEC1E3408E6C" box="[800,867,261,284]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="447">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ADC16503FFB20C62D7F2FEE3E0D28E15" pageId="18" pageNumber="447" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="E5643688FFB20C62D7F2FEE3E0D28E15" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="447">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB20C62D7F2FEE3E16D8E30" bold="true" box="[199,334,295,320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="447">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22DB4D0BFFB20C62D502FEECE29B8E30" authorityName="Yamana & Kohtsuka" authorityYear="2018" box="[567,696,296,320]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Pentamera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="18" pageNumber="447" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="misakiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D7AFEA9AFFB20C62D502FEECE29B8E30" box="[567,696,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="447">misakiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was derived from the name of peninsula Misaki, near the
|
||
<typeStatus id="3A60882AFFB20C62D25EFEECE5BF8E30" box="[1387,1436,296,320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="447">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |