193 lines
22 KiB
XML
193 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="35923C99AF80747E1CB25158176BAC8C">A comprehensive taxonomic list of brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from submarine caves of the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan, with a description of a rare species, Dougaloplus echinatus (Amphiuridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="15B6D8C506975250709C4BAA5762E7E3">Okanishi, Masanori</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="411C079DD22A740D3BAE9492E08E0BE8">Fujita, Yoshihisa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3C6C01F8599A42310329A05A38528BBE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="6551470CFFBEFF9CFF04DD93E1DEFAC1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5924581" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154494663" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5924581" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6551470CFFBEFF9CFF04DD93E1DEFAC1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6551470CFFBEFF9CFF04DD93E1DEFAC1" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">
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<subSubSection id="A5E2A591FFBEFF9CFF04DD93E7D2FE48" box="[151,647,421,447]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFBEFF9CFF04DD93E7D2FE48" blockId="15.[151,647,421,480]" box="[151,647,421,447]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">
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<heading id="B60F4176FFBEFF9CFF04DD93E7D2FE48" bold="true" box="[151,647,421,447]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFBEFF9CFF04DD93E7D2FE48" authority="H. L. Clark, 1938" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,647,421,447]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Cryptopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="callista">
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<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFBEFF9CFF04DD93E7D2FE48" bold="true" box="[151,647,421,447]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">
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<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFBEFF9CFF04DD93E476FE48" bold="true" box="[151,291,421,447]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">Cryptopelta</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFBEFF9CFEDCDD93E4F0FE48" bold="true" box="[335,421,421,447]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">callista</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFBEFF9CFE3FDD93E7D2FE48" author="Clark, H. L." box="[428,647,421,447]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" pagination="3 - 596" refId="ref12199" refString="Clark, H. L. (1938) Echinoderms from Australia, an account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 55, 3 - 596." type="journal article" year="1938">H. L. Clark, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A5E2A591FFBEFF9CFF04DDF1E5A9FE17" box="[151,252,455,480]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" type="description">
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<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFBEFF9CFF04DDF1E5A9FE17" blockId="15.[151,647,421,480]" box="[151,252,455,480]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">
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(
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<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFBEFF9CFF0CDDF1E5A1FE17" box="[159,244,455,480]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[214,1364,178,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[214,1388,178,1865]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Aboral views of living specimens. A, Ophiolepis superba H. L. Clark, 1915 (RUMF-ZE-02063); B, Ophiozonella cavernalis Okanishi & Fujita, 2018a (RUMF-ZE-02064); C, Ophiostriatus sexradiatus irimura, 1993 (RUMF-ZE-02067); D, Ophiocoma pusilla (Brock, 1888) (RUMF-ZE-02083); E, Cryptopelta cf. callista H. L. Clark, 1938 (RUMF-ZE-02068); F, Ophiarachnella gorgonia Müller & Troschel, 1842 (RUMF-ZE-02073); G, Ophiopsammus anchista (H. L. Clark, 1911) (RUMF-ZE-02079); H, Ophiarachna mauritiensis de Loriol, 1893a (RUMF-ZE-02070)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605994/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A5E2A591FFBEFF9CFF04DE26E4A9FDB3" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFBEFF9CFF04DE26E4A9FDB3" blockId="15.[151,1435,528,580]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDE8D134FFBEFF9CFF04DE26E4A9FDB3" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">
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<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFBEFF9CFF04DE26E71AFDD1" authority="H. L. Clark 1938: 354" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="354" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,591,528,550]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Cryptopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="callista">
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<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFBEFF9CFF04DE26E437FDD1" box="[151,354,528,550]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">Cryptopelta callista</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="6C59D00BFFBEFF9CFEFADE27E71AFDD1" author="Clark, H. L." box="[361,591,528,550]" page="354" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" year="1938">
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<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFBEFF9CFEFADE27E749FDD1" author="Clark, H. L." box="[361,540,528,550]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" pagination="3 - 596" refId="ref12199" refString="Clark, H. L. (1938) Echinoderms from Australia, an account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 55, 3 - 596." type="journal article" year="1938">H. L. Clark 1938</bibRefCitation>
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: 354
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, 355, pl. 14, fig. 2; 1946: 264.—
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<treatmentCitation id="6C59D00BFFBEFF9CFC37DE26E18BFDD1" author="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E." box="[932,1246,528,550]" page="88" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" year="1971">
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<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFBEFF9CFC37DE26E1EDFDD1" author="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E." box="[932,1208,528,550]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" refId="ref11804" refString="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) 690 Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) Monograph of shallow-water Indo- West Pacific Echinoderms. British Museum (Naturak History), London." type="book" year="1971">A. M. Clark & Rowe 1971</bibRefCitation>
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: 88
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 89, figs 45a, 55a, b.—
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<treatmentCitation id="6C59D00BFFBEFF9CFF62DE18E4A2FDB3" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[241,503,558,580]" page="394" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" year="1995">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFBEFF9CFF62DE18E491FDB3" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[241,452,558,580]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" pagination="1 - 510" refId="ref16541" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: A. Wellis (Ed), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. CSIRO, Melbourne, pp. 1 - 510." type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe & Gates 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 394
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="A5E2A591FFBEFF9CFF04DE47E73CFD59" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFBEFF9CFF04DE47E73CFD59" blockId="15.[151,1436,625,1334]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">
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<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFBEFF9CFF04DE47E4D0FD7D" bold="true" box="[151,389,625,650]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Ie
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<collectingCountry id="95EFB68AFFBEFF9CFE21DE47E4A3FD7D" box="[434,502,625,650]" name="Iceland" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">Island</collectingCountry>
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(RUMF-ZE-02068[1]): “entrance” of the “Unnamed cave”, under coral rubble, approximately
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<quantity id="2A005BFFFFBEFF9CFEACDEA0E42CFD5A" box="[319,377,662,686]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
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depth,
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<date id="9946D0DAFFBEFF9CFE5FDEA0E730FD59" box="[460,613,662,686]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" value="2017-06-24">24 June 2017</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="A5E2A591FFBEFF9CFF54DE8FE628FD26" box="[199,893,697,722]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFBEFF9CFF54DE8FE628FD26" blockId="15.[151,1436,625,1334]" box="[199,893,697,722]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">
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<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFBEFF9CFF54DE8FE435FD25" bold="true" box="[199,352,697,722]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">Distribution.</emphasis>
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North
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<collectingRegion id="2F3C38F8FFBEFF9CFE3CDE8CE722FD25" box="[431,631,697,722]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">western Australia</collectingRegion>
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. Depth range
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<quantity id="2A005BFFFFBEFF9CFC80DE8CE62CFD26" box="[787,889,698,722]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.45" metricValueMax="18.0" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="94.5" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="9.0">
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9–
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<specimenCount id="FBFE3D93FFBEFF9CFCBCDE8CE62CFD26" box="[815,889,698,722]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" type="generic">180 m</specimenCount>
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</quantity>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A5E2A591FFBEFF9CFF54DEEBE1DEFAC1" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFBEFF9CFF54DEEBE1DEFAC1" blockId="15.[151,1436,625,1334]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">
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<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFBEFF9CFF54DEEBE46EFD01" bold="true" box="[199,315,733,758]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This specimen present intermediate features of
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<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFBEFF9CFCC8DEE8E1CDFD01" authority="H. L. Clark, 1938" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[859,1176,733,758]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Cryptopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="calista">
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<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFBEFF9CFCC8DEE8E69DFD02" box="[859,968,733,757]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">C. calista</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFBEFF9CFC5CDEE8E1CDFD01" author="Clark, H. L." box="[975,1176,733,758]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" pagination="3 - 596" refId="ref12199" refString="Clark, H. L. (1938) Echinoderms from Australia, an account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 55, 3 - 596." type="journal article" year="1938">H. L. Clark, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFBEFF9CFB43DEE8E02CFD02" box="[1232,1401,733,757]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">
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||
<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFBEFF9CFB43DEE8E020FD02" baseAuthorityName="A. M. Clark & Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[1232,1397,733,757]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Cryptopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="granulifera">C. granulifera</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFBEFF9CFA12DEE8E46CFCED" author="Clark, H. L." pageId="15" pageNumber="88" pagination="109 - 135" refId="ref11879" refString="Clark, H. L. (1909) Notes on some Australian and Indo-Pacific Echinoderms. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 52, 109 - 135." type="journal article" year="1909">H. L. Clark, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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. The features of
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<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFBEFF9CFE66DF34E73DFCEE" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[501,616,769,793]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Cryptopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="callista">
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<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFBEFF9CFE66DF34E73DFCEE" box="[501,616,769,793]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">C. callista</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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are: dorsal arm plates are as wide as long on proximal portion of the arm, arms on proximal portion of the arms are flattened, peripheral edge of aboral disc on proximal portion of arms are convex, and length of arm spines are half of the corresponding arm segment. Whereas those of
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<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFBEFF9CFB59DF7CE03EFC96" baseAuthorityName="A. M. Clark & Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[1226,1387,841,865]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Cryptopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="granulifera">
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||
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFBEFF9CFB59DF7CE03EFC96" box="[1226,1387,841,865]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">C. granulifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are: dorsal arm plates are slightly wider than long, arms on proximal portion of the arms are cylindrical, peripheral edge of aboral disc on proximal portion of arms are flat, and length of arm spines are shorter than those of
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<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFBEFF9CFAB4DFA4E0C9FC5E" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[1319,1436,913,937]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Cryptopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="callista">
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<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFBEFF9CFAB4DFA4E0C9FC5E" box="[1319,1436,913,937]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">C. callista</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(see also
|
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<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFBEFF9CFE91DF80E769FC39" author="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E." box="[258,572,949,974]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" refId="ref11804" refString="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) 690 Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) Monograph of shallow-water Indo- West Pacific Echinoderms. British Museum (Naturak History), London." type="book" year="1971">A. M. Clark & Rowe, 1971</bibRefCitation>
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). Our specimen (RUMF-ZE-02068) have slightly wider dorsal arm plate on proximal portion of arms, cylindrical arms on proximal portion of arms; convex peripheral edge of aboral disc, and arm spines half length of the corresponding arm segment. Absence/presence of color band on oral arms is diagnostic character to distinguish
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<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFBEFF9CFDB2D814E7C0FBCE" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[545,661,1057,1081]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Cryptopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="callista">
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<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFBEFF9CFDB2D814E7C0FBCE" box="[545,661,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">C. callista</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFBEFF9CFD5ED814E196FBCD" authority="(A. M. Clark & Rowe, 1971)" baseAuthorityName="A. M. Clark & Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[717,1219,1057,1082]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Cryptopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="granulifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFBEFF9CFD5ED814E63AFBCE" box="[717,879,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">C. granulifera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFBEFF9CFCECD814E1EFFBCD" author="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E." box="[895,1210,1057,1082]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" refId="ref11804" refString="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) 690 Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) Monograph of shallow-water Indo- West Pacific Echinoderms. British Museum (Naturak History), London." type="book" year="1971">A. M. Clark & Rowe, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, color of oral arm of our specimen have completely diluted by ethanol fixation and living color has not photographed. We here tentatively this specimen referred as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFBEFF9CFDF8D85CE657FB76" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[619,770,1129,1154]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Cryptopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="callista">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFBEFF9CFDF8D85CE7D0FB76" box="[619,645,1130,1153]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFBEFF9CFD23D85FE657FB76" box="[688,770,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">callista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because its color pattern is more similar to
|
||
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFBEFF9CFB7DD85CE03CFB76" box="[1262,1385,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFBEFF9CFB7DD85CE030FB76" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[1262,1381,1129,1153]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Cryptopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="callista">C. callista</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="324348B8FFBEFF9CFF04D8B8E592FB51" box="[151,199,1166,1190]" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFBEFF9CFEF3D8B8E48DFB52" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[352,472,1165,1189]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Cryptopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="callista">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFBEFF9CFEF3D8B8E48DFB52" box="[352,472,1165,1189]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">C. callista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected from northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95EFB68AFFBEFF9CFCAED8BBE6F1FB51" box="[829,932,1165,1190]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFBEFF9CFB9AD8B8E1FAFB52" baseAuthorityName="A. M. Clark & Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[1033,1199,1165,1189]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiodermatidae" genus="Cryptopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="88" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="granulifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFBEFF9CFB9AD8B8E1FAFB52" box="[1033,1199,1165,1189]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">C. granulifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95EFB68AFFBEFF9CFF04D887E452FB3D" box="[151,263,1201,1226]" name="Mauritius" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and occurrence of this specimen in Japanese water is an extension of their range. Given the geographical gap between
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95EFB68AFFBEFF9CFEBFD8E0E439FB1A" box="[300,364,1238,1261]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95EFB68AFFBEFF9CFE37D8E3E75EFB19" box="[420,523,1237,1262]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="95EFB68AFFBEFF9CFDD0D8E3E7E6FB19" box="[579,691,1237,1262]" name="Mauritius" pageId="15" pageNumber="88">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
, they are possibly different taxa. Or, emphasis on existence of the intermediate feature of our specimen indicates that these two species are conspecific. To clarify this, further morphological observations based on richer materials and molecular analysis are required.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |