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<mods:title id="80CF709BD76CAA3564E9BB1431D1DFF7">A comprehensive taxonomic list of brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from submarine caves of the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan, with a description of a rare species, Dougaloplus echinatus (Amphiuridae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="6551470CFFB5FF95FF04DD81E15DF887" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5924541" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154494658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5924541" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6551470CFFB5FF95FF04DD81E15DF887" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6551470CFFB5FF95FF04DD81E15DF887" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<subSubSection id="A5E2A591FFB5FF97FF04DD81E79AFE04" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFB5FF97FF04DD81E7C3FE25" blockId="4.[151,719,439,535]" box="[151,662,439,466]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<heading id="B60F4176FFB5FF97FF04DD81E7C3FE25" bold="true" box="[151,662,439,466]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFB5FF97FF04DD81E7C3FE25" authority="(Ljungman, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Ljungman" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[151,662,439,466]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Dougaloplus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB5FF97FF04DD81E7C3FE25" bold="true" box="[151,662,439,466]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB5FF97FF04DD81E4FBFE26" bold="true" box="[151,430,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">Dougaloplus echinatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB5FF97FE2EDD8EE7DBFE25" author="Ljungman, A. V." box="[445,654,440,466]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" pagination="221 - 272" refId="ref14228" refString="Ljungman, A. V. (1867) Ophiuroidea viventia huc usque cognita enumerat. In: Ofversigt af Kgl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar. pp. 221 - 272." type="book chapter" year="1867">Ljungman, 1867</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFB5FF97FF04DDEDE79AFE04" blockId="4.[151,719,439,535]" box="[151,719,474,499]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">[New Japanese name: Toge-ana-suna-kumohitode]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5E2A591FFB5FF97FF04DDC8E45FFDE0" box="[151,266,510,535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" type="description">
<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFB5FF97FF04DDC8E45FFDE0" blockId="4.[151,719,439,535]" box="[151,266,510,535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
(
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB5FF97FF0CDDC8E457FDE0" box="[159,258,510,535]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStart-3="FIGURE 6" captionStart-4="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,2014,2036]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1544,1566]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionStartId-4="9.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1437,1028,1992]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetBox-2="[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetBox-3="[224,1367,193,1818]" captionTargetBox-4="[207,1385,188,1864]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[151,1437,1028,1992]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[224,1368,193,1818]" captionTargetId-4="figure@9.[207,1385,188,1864]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman 1867). Living specimen, aboral view (RUMF-ZE-02040)." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040), disc cast off. A, aboral disc; B, aboral periphery of the disc; C, aboral central disc; D, aboral region, lacking disc integment; E, oral disc and proximal portion of arms; F, interradial oral disc. Abbreviations: ASH, adoral shield; IP, infradental papillae; OS, oral shield; P, oral papillae; T, tooth." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). A, oral proximal portion of arm B, oral middle portion of arm; C, oral distal tip of arm; D, aboral proximal portion of arm; E, aboral distal tip of arm; F, lateral middle portion of arm. Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; TS, tentacle scale." captionText-3="FIGURE 6. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of ossicles. A, B, dorsal arm plates, external views, from proximal (A) and distal portion of arm (B); C, D, ventral arm plates, external views from proximal (C) and distal portion of arm (D). E–H, lateral arm plates, from proximal portion of arms, inner view (E), external view (F), distal view (G) and, arm spine articulations (H); I–K, lateral arm plates, from distal portion of arm, inner view (I), external view (J) and distal view (K); L, M, arm spines from proximal portion of arm, middle (L) and aboral most (M); N, arm spine from distal portion of arm. Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: DL, dorsal lobe; E, elevated structure; P, perforation; VL, ventral lobe." captionText-4="FIGURE 7. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of vertebrae. A–D, vertebrae, from proximal portion of the arm, proximal view (A), distal view (B), aboral view (C) and oral view (D); E–H, vertebrae, from distal portion of the arm, proximal view (E), distal view (F), aboral view (G) and oral view (H). Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: AF, aboral muscle flange; DT, depression for tentacle; H, holes; OF, oral muscle flange; RWC, radial water canal." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2605982/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2605984/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2605986/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/2605988/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/2605990/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">Figs 3–7</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="A5E2A591FFB5FF97FF04DE70E124FCC4" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFB5FF97FF04DE70E7D0FDAB" blockId="4.[151,1437,582,819]" box="[151,645,582,604]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDE8D134FFB5FF97FF04DE70E7D0FDAB" box="[151,645,582,604]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFB5FF97FF04DE70E7D5FDAB" authority="Ljungman 1867: 316" authorityName="Ljungman" authorityPageNumber="316" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,640,582,604]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Ophiophragmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB5FF97FF04DE70E4F6FDAB" box="[151,419,582,604]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">Ophiophragmus echinatus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="6C59D00BFFB5FF97FE3ADE70E7D5FDAB" author="Ljungman, A. V." box="[425,640,582,604]" page="316" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" year="1867">
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB5FF97FE3ADE70E718FDAB" author="Ljungman, A. V." box="[425,589,582,604]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" pagination="221 - 272" refId="ref14228" refString="Ljungman, A. V. (1867) Ophiuroidea viventia huc usque cognita enumerat. In: Ofversigt af Kgl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar. pp. 221 - 272." type="book chapter" year="1867">Ljungman 1867</bibRefCitation>
: 316
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</taxonomicName>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFB5FF97FF04DE53E637FD8C" blockId="4.[151,1437,582,819]" box="[151,866,613,635]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDE8D134FFB5FF97FF04DE53E637FD8C" box="[151,866,613,635]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFB5FF97FF04DE53E43EFD8C" baseAuthorityName="Ljungman" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[151,363,613,635]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Ophiocnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinata">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB5FF97FF04DE53E43EFD8C" box="[151,363,613,635]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">Ophiocnida echinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
? (sic)—
<treatmentCitation id="6C59D00BFFB5FF97FE52DE53E72DFD8C" author="Lyman, T." box="[449,632,613,635]" page="230" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" year="1874">
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB5FF97FE52DE53E713FD8C" author="Lyman, T." box="[449,582,613,635]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" pagination="221 - 272" refId="ref14649" refString="Lyman, T. (1874) Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae new and old. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 3, 221 - 272." type="journal article" year="1874">Lyman 1874</bibRefCitation>
: 230
</treatmentCitation>
–231, pl. 4, figs 22, 23.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFB5FF97FF04DEB2E6B1FD4F" blockId="4.[151,1437,582,819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDE8D134FFB5FF97FF04DEB2E6B1FD4F" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB5FF97FF04DEB2E426FD6D" box="[151,371,644,666]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFB5FF97FF04DEB2E425FD6D" baseAuthorityName="Ljungman" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[151,368,644,666]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Ophiocnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinata">Ophiocnida echinata</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="6C59D00BFFB5FF97FEEADEB3E77FFD6D" author="Lyman, T." box="[377,554,644,666]" page="155" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" year="1882">
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB5FF97FEEADEB3E4A9FD6D" author="Lyman, T." box="[377,508,644,666]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 386" refId="ref14720" refString="Lyman, T. (1882) Report on the Opiuroidea. Report of the Scientific Results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76. Zoology, 5, 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="1882">Lyman 1882</bibRefCitation>
: 155
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="6C59D00BFFB5FF97FDDBDEB2E7A9FD6D" author="Sluiter, C. P." box="[584,764,644,666]" page="306" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" year="1898">
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB5FF97FDDBDEB2E799FD6D" author="Sluiter, C. P." box="[584,716,644,666]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" refId="ref16916" refString="Sluiter, C. P. (1898) On a probable periodical amputation of the disk-covering by some ophiuroids. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, 5." type="book" year="1898">Sluiter 1898</bibRefCitation>
: 306
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="6C59D00BFFB5FF97FC8ADEB2E69AFD6D" author="Koehler, R." box="[793,975,644,666]" page="68" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" year="1898">
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB5FF97FC8ADEB2E6FFFD6D" author="Koehler, R." box="[793,938,644,666]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" pagination="55 - 126" refId="ref13751" refString="Koehler, R. (1898) Echinoderms recueillis par l'Investigator dans l'Ocean Indien, II. Les Opiures littorales. Bulletin scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, 31, 55 - 126." type="journal article" year="1898">Koehler 1898</bibRefCitation>
: 68
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 5, fig. 47; 1900: pl. 17, fig. 25; 1905: 32; 1930: 113.—
<treatmentCitation id="6C59D00BFFB5FF97FED4DE94E4AEFD4F" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[327,507,674,696]" page="317" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" year="1899">
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB5FF97FED4DE94E49CFD4F" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[327,457,674,696]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" pagination="301 - 371" refId="ref17345" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1899) North American Ophiuroidea. I. Revision of certain families and genera of West Indian ophiurans. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy Arts and Sciences 10, 301 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7032" type="journal article" year="1899">Verrill 1899</bibRefCitation>
: 317
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="6C59D00BFFB5FF97FD89DE94E7AFFD4F" author="Clark, H. L." box="[538,762,674,696]" page="250" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" year="1915">
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB5FF97FD89DE94E792FD4F" author="Clark, H. L." box="[538,711,674,696]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" pagination="163 - 376" refId="ref11961" refString="Clark, H. L. (1915) Catalogue of recent ophiurans: based on the colletion of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Memorians of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Havard College, 25, 163 - 376." type="journal article" year="1915">H. L. Clark 1915</bibRefCitation>
: 250
</treatmentCitation>
; 1932: 204; 1946, 203.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFB5FF97FF04DEF7E6D6FD20" blockId="4.[151,1437,582,819]" box="[151,899,705,727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDE8D134FFB5FF97FF04DEF7E6D6FD20" box="[151,899,705,727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFB5FF97FF04DEF7E77FFD20" authority="Koehler 1922: 178" authorityName="Koehler" authorityPageNumber="178" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,554,705,727]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphioplus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="luctator">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB5FF97FF04DEF7E433FD20" box="[151,358,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">Amphioplus luctator</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="6C59D00BFFB5FF97FEFFDEF7E77FFD20" author="Koehler, R." box="[364,554,705,727]" page="178" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" year="1922">
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB5FF97FEFFDEF7E4AFFD20" author="Koehler, R." box="[364,506,705,727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" pagination="5 - 98" refId="ref13957" refString="Koehler, R. (1922) Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea. Australasian Antarctic Expedition 1911 - 1914. Scientific Report, Series C, 8, 5 - 98." type="journal article" year="1922">Koehler 1922</bibRefCitation>
: 178
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</taxonomicName>
–179, pl. 68, figs. 1–3; 1930: 106.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFB5FF97FF04DED6E181FCE3" blockId="4.[151,1437,582,819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDE8D134FFB5FF97FF04DED6E181FCE3" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB5FF97FF04DED6E4DEFD01" box="[151,395,736,758]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFB5FF97FF04DED6E4D3FD01" baseAuthorityName="Ljungman" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[151,390,736,758]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Dougaloplus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinatus">Dougaloplus echinatus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="6C59D00BFFB5FF97FE00DED6E723FD01" author="Clark, A. M." box="[403,630,736,758]" page="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" year="1970">
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB5FF97FE00DED6E705FD01" author="Clark, A. M." box="[403,592,736,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 81" refId="ref11497" refString="Clark, A. M. (1970) Notes on the family Amphiuridae (Ophiuroidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 19, 1 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24085" type="journal article" year="1970">A. M. Clark 1970</bibRefCitation>
: 35
</treatmentCitation>
–36, fig. 7h–k.—
<treatmentCitation id="6C59D00BFFB5FF97FCB8DED6E138FD01" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E." box="[811,1133,736,758]" page="80" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB5FF97FCB8DED6E11DFD01" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E." box="[811,1096,736,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" refId="ref11804" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) 690 Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) Monograph of shallow-water Indo- West Pacific Echinoderms. British Museum (Naturak History), London." type="book" year="1971">A. M. Clark &amp; Rowe 1971</bibRefCitation>
: 80
</treatmentCitation>
–81,100.—
<treatmentCitation id="6C59D00BFFB5FF97FB4DDED6E5BEFCE3" author="Gibbs, P. E. &amp; Clark, A. M. &amp; Clark, C. M." page="123" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB5FF97FB4DDED6E0CCFD01" author="Gibbs, P. E. &amp; Clark, A. M. &amp; Clark, C. M." box="[1246,1433,736,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" pagination="101 - 144" refId="ref12862" refString="Gibbs, P. E., Clark, A. M. &amp; Clark, C. M. (1976) Echinodermas from the northern region of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 30, 101 - 144." type="journal article" year="1976">
Gibbs
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB5FF97FAB7DED7E006FD01" box="[1316,1363,736,758]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">et al</emphasis>
. 1976
</bibRefCitation>
: 123
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="6C59D00BFFB5FF97FE9ADEC8E481FCE3" author="Kingston, S. C." box="[265,468,766,788]" page="129" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" year="1981">
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB5FF97FE9ADEC8E4F3FCE3" author="Kingston, S. C." box="[265,422,766,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" pagination="123 - 147" refId="ref13709" refString="Kingston, S. C. (1981) The Swain Reefs Expedition: Ophiuroidea. Records of the Australian Museum, 33, 123 - 147. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.33.1980.277" type="journal article" year="1981">Kingston 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 129
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="6C59D00BFFB5FF97FE60DEC8E67EFCE3" author="Liao, Y. &amp; Clark, A. M." box="[499,811,766,788]" page="200" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB5FF97FE60DEC8E7AFFCE3" author="Liao, Y. &amp; Clark, A. M." box="[499,762,766,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" refId="ref14200" refString="Liao, Y. &amp; Clark, A. M. (1995) The echinoderms of southern China. Science Press, Beijing, New York." type="book" year="1995">Liao &amp; A. M. Clark 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 200
</treatmentCitation>
–202, fig. 97.—
<treatmentCitation id="6C59D00BFFB5FF97FC5ADEC8E185FCE3" author="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Gates, J." box="[969,1232,766,788]" page="353" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB5FF97FC5ADEC8E1C8FCE3" author="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Gates, J." box="[969,1181,766,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 510" refId="ref16541" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: A. Wellis (Ed), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. CSIRO, Melbourne, pp. 1 - 510." type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe &amp; Gates 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 353
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFB5FF97FF04DF2BE124FCC4" blockId="4.[151,1437,582,819]" box="[151,1137,797,819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="CDE8D134FFB5FF97FF04DF2BE124FCC4" box="[151,1137,797,819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFB5FF97FF04DF2BE777FCC4" authority="Lutken 1872: 77" authorityName="Lutken" authorityPageNumber="77" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,546,797,819]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Ophiostigma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="formosa">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB5FF97FF04DF2BE426FCC4" box="[151,371,797,819]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">Ophiostigma formosa</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="6C59D00BFFB5FF97FEEADF2BE777FCC4" author="Lutken, C. F." box="[377,546,797,819]" page="77" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" year="1872">
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB5FF97FEEADF2BE4A8FCC4" author="Lutken, C. F." box="[377,509,797,819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" pagination="75 - 158" refId="ref14416" refString="Lutken, C. F. (1872) Ophiuridarum novarum vel minus cognitarum descriptiones nonnullae. ogle nye eller mindre bekjerdte Slangestjernerne beskrevne - Med nogle Bemaerkninger om Selvdelingen hos Straaldyrene -. Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selska bs forhandlinger, 77, 75 - 158." type="journal article" year="1872">Lütken 1872</bibRefCitation>
: 77
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pls 1–2, fig. 5.—
<treatmentCitation id="6C59D00BFFB5FF97FD46DF2BE6D8FCC4" author="Koehler, R." box="[725,909,797,819]" page="77" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" year="1898">
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB5FF97FD46DF2BE632FCC4" author="Koehler, R." box="[725,871,797,819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" pagination="55 - 126" refId="ref13751" refString="Koehler, R. (1898) Echinoderms recueillis par l'Investigator dans l'Ocean Indien, II. Les Opiures littorales. Bulletin scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, 31, 55 - 126." type="journal article" year="1898">Koehler 1898</bibRefCitation>
: 77
</treatmentCitation>
, 1905: 24, pl. 2, fig. 1.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5E2A591FFB5FF97FF04DF69E75BFC37" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFB5FF97FF04DF69E75BFC37" blockId="4.[151,1436,863,960]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB5FF97FF04DF69E4D6FC8F" bold="true" box="[151,387,863,888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">Material examined.</emphasis>
Ie
<collectingCountry id="95EFB68AFFB5FF97FE3FDF69E4A5FC8F" box="[428,496,863,888]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">Island</collectingCountry>
(RUMF-ZE-02040[1], RUMF-ZE-02041[1]): “entrance” of the “Unnamed cave”, under coral rubble, approximately
<quantity id="2A005BFFFFB5FF97FD8FDFB2E700FC6B" box="[540,597,900,924]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
depth,
<date id="9946D0DAFFB5FF97FD3ADFB2E616FC6B" box="[681,835,900,924]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" value="2017-06-24">24 June 2017</date>
. Discs of all specimens are separated from the bodies by being cast off upon collection.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="B987A692FFB5FF97FF04DBE8E19FF803" box="[151,1226,2014,2036]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605982/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" startId="4.[151,250,2014,2036]" targetBox="[151,1437,1028,1992]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFB5FF97FF04DBE8E19FF803" blockId="4.[151,1226,2014,2036]" box="[151,1226,2014,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB5FF97FF04DBE8E447F804" bold="true" box="[151,274,2014,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFB5FF97FE8ADBE8E7EAF803" authority="(Ljungman 1867)" authorityName="Ljungman" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Ljungman" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[281,703,2014,2036]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Dougaloplus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB5FF97FE8ADBE8E756F803" box="[281,515,2014,2036]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">Dougaloplus echinatus</emphasis>
(Ljungman 1867)
</taxonomicName>
. Living specimen, aboral view (RUMF-ZE-02040).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B987A692FFB4FF96FF04DA3EE036F995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605984/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="78" startId="5.[151,250,1544,1566]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1523]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFB4FF96FF04DA3EE036F995" blockId="5.[151,1436,1544,1634]" pageId="5" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB4FF96FF04DA3EE446F9EA" bold="true" box="[151,275,1544,1566]" pageId="5" pageNumber="78">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFB4FF96FE89DA3EE7E8F9E9" authority="(Ljungman 1867)" authorityName="Ljungman" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Ljungman" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[282,701,1544,1566]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Dougaloplus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="78" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB4FF96FE89DA3EE751F9E9" box="[282,516,1544,1566]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="78">Dougaloplus echinatus</emphasis>
(Ljungman 1867)
</taxonomicName>
(RUMF-ZE-02040), disc cast off. A, aboral disc; B, aboral periphery of the disc; C, aboral central disc; D, aboral region, lacking disc integment; E, oral disc and proximal portion of arms; F, interradial oral disc. Abbreviations: ASH, adoral shield; IP, infradental papillae; OS, oral shield; P, oral papillae; T, tooth.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="A5E2A591FFB4FF95FF54DAA4E6A9FA37" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="5" pageNumber="78" type="description">
<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFB4FF95FF54DAA4E616FE93" blockId="5.[151,1437,1682,2032]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,1905]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="5" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB4FF96FF54DAA4E636F95C" bold="true" box="[199,867,1682,1707]" pageId="5" pageNumber="78">Description of external morphology (RUMF-ZE-02040).</emphasis>
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB4FF96FCF9DAA5E6F0F95D" box="[874,933,1683,1706]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="78">Disc.</emphasis>
Five lobed,
<quantity id="2A005BFFFFB4FF96FBA3DAA5E1D5F95D" box="[1072,1152,1683,1707]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
in diameter (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB4FF96FA87DAA4E008F95C" box="[1300,1373,1682,1707]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,2014,2036]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1028,1992]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1437,1028,1992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman 1867). Living specimen, aboral view (RUMF-ZE-02040)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605982/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="78">Figs 3</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB4FF96FAFADAA5E0DAF95C" box="[1385,1423,1683,1707]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040), disc cast off. A, aboral disc; B, aboral periphery of the disc; C, aboral central disc; D, aboral region, lacking disc integment; E, oral disc and proximal portion of arms; F, interradial oral disc. Abbreviations: ASH, adoral shield; IP, infradental papillae; OS, oral shield; P, oral papillae; T, tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605984/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="78">4A</figureCitation>
), covered by scales, approximately 100–200 µm in length (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB4FF96FCBEDA80E6DDF938" box="[813,904,1718,1743]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040), disc cast off. A, aboral disc; B, aboral periphery of the disc; C, aboral central disc; D, aboral region, lacking disc integment; E, oral disc and proximal portion of arms; F, interradial oral disc. Abbreviations: ASH, adoral shield; IP, infradental papillae; OS, oral shield; P, oral papillae; T, tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605984/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="78">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Some disc scales bear spines, approximately 70–100 µm in height (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB4FF96FE01DAECE759F904" box="[402,524,1754,1779]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040), disc cast off. A, aboral disc; B, aboral periphery of the disc; C, aboral central disc; D, aboral region, lacking disc integment; E, oral disc and proximal portion of arms; F, interradial oral disc. Abbreviations: ASH, adoral shield; IP, infradental papillae; OS, oral shield; P, oral papillae; T, tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605984/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="78">Fig. 4B, C</figureCitation>
). Exposed part of radial shields narrow and long, approximately
<quantity id="2A005BFFFFB4FF96FB7ADAEDE07EF905" box="[1257,1323,1755,1779]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, 150 µm wide distally, and gradually tapering towards disc center (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB4FF96FCF3DAC8E6EEF8E0" box="[864,955,1790,1815]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040), disc cast off. A, aboral disc; B, aboral periphery of the disc; C, aboral central disc; D, aboral region, lacking disc integment; E, oral disc and proximal portion of arms; F, interradial oral disc. Abbreviations: ASH, adoral shield; IP, infradental papillae; OS, oral shield; P, oral papillae; T, tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605984/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="78">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
), slightly in contact distally but separated towards disc center. On oral surface, adoral shields triangular, wider than long, approximately 650 µm in length, 200 µm in width on inner side, 350 µm in width on outer side, in contact with the first ventral arm plates (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB4FF96FAABDB70E0C5F8A8" box="[1336,1424,1862,1887]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040), disc cast off. A, aboral disc; B, aboral periphery of the disc; C, aboral central disc; D, aboral region, lacking disc integment; E, oral disc and proximal portion of arms; F, interradial oral disc. Abbreviations: ASH, adoral shield; IP, infradental papillae; OS, oral shield; P, oral papillae; T, tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605984/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="78">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Oral plates invisible, obscured by skin (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB4FF96FDCADB5CE7E4F874" box="[601,689,1898,1923]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040), disc cast off. A, aboral disc; B, aboral periphery of the disc; C, aboral central disc; D, aboral region, lacking disc integment; E, oral disc and proximal portion of arms; F, interradial oral disc. Abbreviations: ASH, adoral shield; IP, infradental papillae; OS, oral shield; P, oral papillae; T, tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605984/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="78">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Oral shields oblong, longer than wide, approximately 650 µm in length and 430 µm in width, and slightly pointed on proximal side (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB4FF96FC30DBB8E6A8F850" box="[931,1021,1934,1959]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040), disc cast off. A, aboral disc; B, aboral periphery of the disc; C, aboral central disc; D, aboral region, lacking disc integment; E, oral disc and proximal portion of arms; F, interradial oral disc. Abbreviations: ASH, adoral shield; IP, infradental papillae; OS, oral shield; P, oral papillae; T, tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605984/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="78">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). All oral shields similar in size and shape, oral shield serving as madreporite unrecognizable in external view (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB4FF96FC60DB84E118F83C" box="[1011,1101,1970,1995]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040), disc cast off. A, aboral disc; B, aboral periphery of the disc; C, aboral central disc; D, aboral region, lacking disc integment; E, oral disc and proximal portion of arms; F, interradial oral disc. Abbreviations: ASH, adoral shield; IP, infradental papillae; OS, oral shield; P, oral papillae; T, tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605984/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="78">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Interradial oral surface also covered by imbricating scales, approximately 160–200 µm in length (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB4FF96FC51DBE0E149F818" box="[962,1052,2006,2031]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040), disc cast off. A, aboral disc; B, aboral periphery of the disc; C, aboral central disc; D, aboral region, lacking disc integment; E, oral disc and proximal portion of arms; F, interradial oral disc. Abbreviations: ASH, adoral shield; IP, infradental papillae; OS, oral shield; P, oral papillae; T, tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605984/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="78">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). Some scales on peripheral area bearing spines, approximately 150 µm in length (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FD2ADCA1E65AFF47" box="[697,783,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040), disc cast off. A, aboral disc; B, aboral periphery of the disc; C, aboral central disc; D, aboral region, lacking disc integment; E, oral disc and proximal portion of arms; F, interradial oral disc. Abbreviations: ASH, adoral shield; IP, infradental papillae; OS, oral shield; P, oral papillae; T, tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605984/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). Shapes and length of genital slits unknown because discs of all examined specimens detached (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FDD1DC8AE7CBFF23" box="[578,670,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040), disc cast off. A, aboral disc; B, aboral periphery of the disc; C, aboral central disc; D, aboral region, lacking disc integment; E, oral disc and proximal portion of arms; F, interradial oral disc. Abbreviations: ASH, adoral shield; IP, infradental papillae; OS, oral shield; P, oral papillae; T, tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605984/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Two or three oral papillae at each side of jaw (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FB5ADC8AE074FF23" box="[1225,1313,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040), disc cast off. A, aboral disc; B, aboral periphery of the disc; C, aboral central disc; D, aboral region, lacking disc integment; E, oral disc and proximal portion of arms; F, interradial oral disc. Abbreviations: ASH, adoral shield; IP, infradental papillae; OS, oral shield; P, oral papillae; T, tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605984/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
), proximal two papillae square, the distal one 1.5 times as wide as the proximal papillae, and the distal most papillae smaller and flat (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FF6EDD32E403FEEB" box="[253,342,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040), disc cast off. A, aboral disc; B, aboral periphery of the disc; C, aboral central disc; D, aboral region, lacking disc integment; E, oral disc and proximal portion of arms; F, interradial oral disc. Abbreviations: ASH, adoral shield; IP, infradental papillae; OS, oral shield; P, oral papillae; T, tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605984/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Two infradental papillae at the apex of each jaw, trapezoidal, slightly larger than middle larger oral papillae (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FEA1DD11E4DFFEB7" box="[306,394,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040), disc cast off. A, aboral disc; B, aboral periphery of the disc; C, aboral central disc; D, aboral region, lacking disc integment; E, oral disc and proximal portion of arms; F, interradial oral disc. Abbreviations: ASH, adoral shield; IP, infradental papillae; OS, oral shield; P, oral papillae; T, tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605984/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Teeth forming vertical series l row aboral to the infradental papillae, large, wider than long (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FF0CDD7AE5A2FE93" box="[159,247,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040), disc cast off. A, aboral disc; B, aboral periphery of the disc; C, aboral central disc; D, aboral region, lacking disc integment; E, oral disc and proximal portion of arms; F, interradial oral disc. Abbreviations: ASH, adoral shield; IP, infradental papillae; OS, oral shield; P, oral papillae; T, tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605984/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Second tentacle pore inside mouth angle (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FD4CDD7AE663FE93" box="[735,822,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1523]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040), disc cast off. A, aboral disc; B, aboral periphery of the disc; C, aboral central disc; D, aboral region, lacking disc integment; E, oral disc and proximal portion of arms; F, interradial oral disc. Abbreviations: ASH, adoral shield; IP, infradental papillae; OS, oral shield; P, oral papillae; T, tooth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605984/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFB7FF95FF54DD46E40FFE27" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB7FF95FF54DD46E45FFE70" box="[199,266,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Arms.</emphasis>
Five, approximately
<quantity id="2A005BFFFFB7FF95FE6EDD59E7C6FE70" box="[509,659,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.575" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="157.5" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="135.0">135–180 mm</quantity>
long, 1.1 mm wide and 0.7 mm high, with an arched aboral surface and flattened oral surface at proximal portion. Arms tapering gradually toward distal tip and aboral surface is flattened (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FE9BDD81E418FE27" box="[264,333,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,2014,2036]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1028,1992]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1437,1028,1992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman 1867). Living specimen, aboral view (RUMF-ZE-02040)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605982/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFB7FF95FF54DDEAE668FCAA" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">
On proximal to middle portion of the arm, ventral arm plates pentagonal with slightly convex edges, of equal length and width, in contact with each other (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FD0FDDC9E7ADFDEF" box="[668,760,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). A, oral proximal portion of arm B, oral middle portion of arm; C, oral distal tip of arm; D, aboral proximal portion of arm; E, aboral distal tip of arm; F, lateral middle portion of arm. Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; TS, tentacle scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605986/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). On distal portion of the arm, ventral arm plates becoming triangular and separated from each other (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FD00DE12E7A7FDCA" box="[659,754,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). A, oral proximal portion of arm B, oral middle portion of arm; C, oral distal tip of arm; D, aboral proximal portion of arm; E, aboral distal tip of arm; F, lateral middle portion of arm. Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; TS, tentacle scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605986/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). Dorsal arm plate fan-shaped, slightly larger than wide, contacted with each other on proximal portion (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FD2ADE71E641FD97" box="[697,788,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). A, oral proximal portion of arm B, oral middle portion of arm; C, oral distal tip of arm; D, aboral proximal portion of arm; E, aboral distal tip of arm; F, lateral middle portion of arm. Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; TS, tentacle scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605986/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
). On middle portion of arm, dorsal arm plates becoming pentagonal, almost twice wider than long (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FDE6DE5AE79AFD72" box="[629,719,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). A, oral proximal portion of arm B, oral middle portion of arm; C, oral distal tip of arm; D, aboral proximal portion of arm; E, aboral distal tip of arm; F, lateral middle portion of arm. Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; TS, tentacle scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605986/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
); toward the distal tip, the plates becoming triangular, almost as long as wide, separated from each other (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FDF6DEB9E7EEFD5F" box="[613,699,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). A, oral proximal portion of arm B, oral middle portion of arm; C, oral distal tip of arm; D, aboral proximal portion of arm; E, aboral distal tip of arm; F, lateral middle portion of arm. Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; TS, tentacle scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605986/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
). Lateral arm plates small, widely separated by dorsal and ventral arm plates on proximal portion (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FD91DE82E7E9FD3B" box="[514,700,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). A, oral proximal portion of arm B, oral middle portion of arm; C, oral distal tip of arm; D, aboral proximal portion of arm; E, aboral distal tip of arm; F, lateral middle portion of arm. Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; TS, tentacle scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605986/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 5A, B, D, F</figureCitation>
), in contact with each other on distal portion (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FB51DE82E06DFD3B" box="[1218,1336,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). A, oral proximal portion of arm B, oral middle portion of arm; C, oral distal tip of arm; D, aboral proximal portion of arm; E, aboral distal tip of arm; F, lateral middle portion of arm. Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; TS, tentacle scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605986/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 5C, E</figureCitation>
) on both oral and aboral sides. Three conical arm spines, of almost the same length as the corresponding arm segment on proximal to middle portion of arms (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FDDBDECAE644FCE3" box="[584,785,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). A, oral proximal portion of arm B, oral middle portion of arm; C, oral distal tip of arm; D, aboral proximal portion of arm; E, aboral distal tip of arm; F, lateral middle portion of arm. Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; TS, tentacle scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605986/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 5A, B, D, F</figureCitation>
), though few segments have four arm spines. On distal portion, the number of spines decreasing to two and becoming acute, spiniform (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FBAEDF29E1ECFCCF" box="[1085,1209,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). A, oral proximal portion of arm B, oral middle portion of arm; C, oral distal tip of arm; D, aboral proximal portion of arm; E, aboral distal tip of arm; F, lateral middle portion of arm. Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; TS, tentacle scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605986/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 5C, E</figureCitation>
). Two oval tentacle scales, almost the same sizes at each tentacle pore (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FD46DF72E665FCAA" box="[725,816,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1436,255,1869]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). A, oral proximal portion of arm B, oral middle portion of arm; C, oral distal tip of arm; D, aboral proximal portion of arm; E, aboral distal tip of arm; F, lateral middle portion of arm. Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; TS, tentacle scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605986/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFB7FF95FF54DF51E023FAFB" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB7FF95FF54DF51E7F0FC77" bold="true" box="[199,677,871,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Ossicle morphology (RUMF-ZE-02040).</emphasis>
Dorsal arm plates trapezoid, wider than long on distal portion (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FAFCDF51E5E9FC52" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[224,1367,193,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[224,1368,193,1818]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of ossicles. A, B, dorsal arm plates, external views, from proximal (A) and distal portion of arm (B); C, D, ventral arm plates, external views from proximal (C) and distal portion of arm (D). E–H, lateral arm plates, from proximal portion of arms, inner view (E), external view (F), distal view (G) and, arm spine articulations (H); I–K, lateral arm plates, from distal portion of arm, inner view (I), external view (J) and distal view (K); L, M, arm spines from proximal portion of arm, middle (L) and aboral most (M); N, arm spine from distal portion of arm. Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: DL, dorsal lobe; E, elevated structure; P, perforation; VL, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605988/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
), and triangular with convex distal edge on proximal portion (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FC06DFBAE6A4FC52" box="[917,1009,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[224,1367,193,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[224,1368,193,1818]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of ossicles. A, B, dorsal arm plates, external views, from proximal (A) and distal portion of arm (B); C, D, ventral arm plates, external views from proximal (C) and distal portion of arm (D). E–H, lateral arm plates, from proximal portion of arms, inner view (E), external view (F), distal view (G) and, arm spine articulations (H); I–K, lateral arm plates, from distal portion of arm, inner view (I), external view (J) and distal view (K); L, M, arm spines from proximal portion of arm, middle (L) and aboral most (M); N, arm spine from distal portion of arm. Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: DL, dorsal lobe; E, elevated structure; P, perforation; VL, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605988/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
). Ventral arm plates pentagonal with slightly convex lateral side on proximal portion (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FD24DF99E65AFC3F" box="[695,783,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[224,1367,193,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[224,1368,193,1818]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of ossicles. A, B, dorsal arm plates, external views, from proximal (A) and distal portion of arm (B); C, D, ventral arm plates, external views from proximal (C) and distal portion of arm (D). E–H, lateral arm plates, from proximal portion of arms, inner view (E), external view (F), distal view (G) and, arm spine articulations (H); I–K, lateral arm plates, from distal portion of arm, inner view (I), external view (J) and distal view (K); L, M, arm spines from proximal portion of arm, middle (L) and aboral most (M); N, arm spine from distal portion of arm. Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: DL, dorsal lobe; E, elevated structure; P, perforation; VL, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605988/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
), and pentagonal with straight lateral side on distal portion (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FF0CDFE2E5AEFC1A" box="[159,251,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[224,1367,193,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[224,1368,193,1818]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of ossicles. A, B, dorsal arm plates, external views, from proximal (A) and distal portion of arm (B); C, D, ventral arm plates, external views from proximal (C) and distal portion of arm (D). E–H, lateral arm plates, from proximal portion of arms, inner view (E), external view (F), distal view (G) and, arm spine articulations (H); I–K, lateral arm plates, from distal portion of arm, inner view (I), external view (J) and distal view (K); L, M, arm spines from proximal portion of arm, middle (L) and aboral most (M); N, arm spine from distal portion of arm. Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: DL, dorsal lobe; E, elevated structure; P, perforation; VL, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605988/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). Lateral arm plates longer than wide, aboral edge straight and oral-distal edge concave (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FB7DDFE2E030FC1B" box="[1262,1381,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[224,1367,193,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[224,1368,193,1818]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of ossicles. A, B, dorsal arm plates, external views, from proximal (A) and distal portion of arm (B); C, D, ventral arm plates, external views from proximal (C) and distal portion of arm (D). E–H, lateral arm plates, from proximal portion of arms, inner view (E), external view (F), distal view (G) and, arm spine articulations (H); I–K, lateral arm plates, from distal portion of arm, inner view (I), external view (J) and distal view (K); L, M, arm spines from proximal portion of arm, middle (L) and aboral most (M); N, arm spine from distal portion of arm. Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: DL, dorsal lobe; E, elevated structure; P, perforation; VL, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605988/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 6E, F</figureCitation>
). On inner side, 2 defined horizontally elevated structures on center part (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FC3EDFC1E153FBE7" box="[941,1030,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[224,1367,193,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[224,1368,193,1818]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of ossicles. A, B, dorsal arm plates, external views, from proximal (A) and distal portion of arm (B); C, D, ventral arm plates, external views from proximal (C) and distal portion of arm (D). E–H, lateral arm plates, from proximal portion of arms, inner view (E), external view (F), distal view (G) and, arm spine articulations (H); I–K, lateral arm plates, from distal portion of arm, inner view (I), external view (J) and distal view (K); L, M, arm spines from proximal portion of arm, middle (L) and aboral most (M); N, arm spine from distal portion of arm. Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: DL, dorsal lobe; E, elevated structure; P, perforation; VL, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605988/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
), proximal structure slightly longer than wide on proximal portion of arm. On distal portion, the structures almost of the same size (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FA9CD82AE037FBC2" box="[1295,1378,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[224,1367,193,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[224,1368,193,1818]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of ossicles. A, B, dorsal arm plates, external views, from proximal (A) and distal portion of arm (B); C, D, ventral arm plates, external views from proximal (C) and distal portion of arm (D). E–H, lateral arm plates, from proximal portion of arms, inner view (E), external view (F), distal view (G) and, arm spine articulations (H); I–K, lateral arm plates, from distal portion of arm, inner view (I), external view (J) and distal view (K); L, M, arm spines from proximal portion of arm, middle (L) and aboral most (M); N, arm spine from distal portion of arm. Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: DL, dorsal lobe; E, elevated structure; P, perforation; VL, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605988/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">
Fig.
<date id="9946D0DAFFB7FF95FAD4D82AE037FBC2" box="[1351,1378,1052,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">6I</date>
</figureCitation>
). On external side, proximal edge convex with three equal-sized spine articulations on distal edge (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FA9FD809E0DAFBAF" box="[1292,1423,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[224,1367,193,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[224,1368,193,1818]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of ossicles. A, B, dorsal arm plates, external views, from proximal (A) and distal portion of arm (B); C, D, ventral arm plates, external views from proximal (C) and distal portion of arm (D). E–H, lateral arm plates, from proximal portion of arms, inner view (E), external view (F), distal view (G) and, arm spine articulations (H); I–K, lateral arm plates, from distal portion of arm, inner view (I), external view (J) and distal view (K); L, M, arm spines from proximal portion of arm, middle (L) and aboral most (M); N, arm spine from distal portion of arm. Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: DL, dorsal lobe; E, elevated structure; P, perforation; VL, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605988/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 6F, G</figureCitation>
), composed of parallel, horizontal dorsal and ventral lobes (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FCD3D852E6C8FB8A" box="[832,925,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[224,1367,193,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[224,1368,193,1818]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of ossicles. A, B, dorsal arm plates, external views, from proximal (A) and distal portion of arm (B); C, D, ventral arm plates, external views from proximal (C) and distal portion of arm (D). E–H, lateral arm plates, from proximal portion of arms, inner view (E), external view (F), distal view (G) and, arm spine articulations (H); I–K, lateral arm plates, from distal portion of arm, inner view (I), external view (J) and distal view (K); L, M, arm spines from proximal portion of arm, middle (L) and aboral most (M); N, arm spine from distal portion of arm. Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: DL, dorsal lobe; E, elevated structure; P, perforation; VL, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605988/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
). The lobes almost equal-sized on proximal portion of arm but on distal portion of arm, ventral lobe slightly shorter than dorsal lobe (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FB1ED8B1E1B2FB57" box="[1165,1255,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[224,1367,193,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[224,1368,193,1818]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of ossicles. A, B, dorsal arm plates, external views, from proximal (A) and distal portion of arm (B); C, D, ventral arm plates, external views from proximal (C) and distal portion of arm (D). E–H, lateral arm plates, from proximal portion of arms, inner view (E), external view (F), distal view (G) and, arm spine articulations (H); I–K, lateral arm plates, from distal portion of arm, inner view (I), external view (J) and distal view (K); L, M, arm spines from proximal portion of arm, middle (L) and aboral most (M); N, arm spine from distal portion of arm. Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: DL, dorsal lobe; E, elevated structure; P, perforation; VL, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605988/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 6K</figureCitation>
). Large tentacle notches opening on vantro-distal edge and end in center of lateral arm plates, where a single perforation is opening (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FF0CD8F9E45BFB1F" box="[159,270,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[224,1367,193,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[224,1368,193,1818]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of ossicles. A, B, dorsal arm plates, external views, from proximal (A) and distal portion of arm (B); C, D, ventral arm plates, external views from proximal (C) and distal portion of arm (D). E–H, lateral arm plates, from proximal portion of arms, inner view (E), external view (F), distal view (G) and, arm spine articulations (H); I–K, lateral arm plates, from distal portion of arm, inner view (I), external view (J) and distal view (K); L, M, arm spines from proximal portion of arm, middle (L) and aboral most (M); N, arm spine from distal portion of arm. Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: DL, dorsal lobe; E, elevated structure; P, perforation; VL, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605988/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 6E, I</figureCitation>
). Arm spines conical, thicker at oral side and thinner at aboral side the arms (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FBECD8F9E1ABFB1F" box="[1151,1278,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[224,1367,193,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[224,1368,193,1818]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of ossicles. A, B, dorsal arm plates, external views, from proximal (A) and distal portion of arm (B); C, D, ventral arm plates, external views from proximal (C) and distal portion of arm (D). E–H, lateral arm plates, from proximal portion of arms, inner view (E), external view (F), distal view (G) and, arm spine articulations (H); I–K, lateral arm plates, from distal portion of arm, inner view (I), external view (J) and distal view (K); L, M, arm spines from proximal portion of arm, middle (L) and aboral most (M); N, arm spine from distal portion of arm. Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: DL, dorsal lobe; E, elevated structure; P, perforation; VL, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605988/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 6L, M</figureCitation>
), and smaller, pointed on distal portion (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FE2AD8C2E746FAFA" box="[441,531,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[224,1367,193,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[224,1368,193,1818]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of ossicles. A, B, dorsal arm plates, external views, from proximal (A) and distal portion of arm (B); C, D, ventral arm plates, external views from proximal (C) and distal portion of arm (D). E–H, lateral arm plates, from proximal portion of arms, inner view (E), external view (F), distal view (G) and, arm spine articulations (H); I–K, lateral arm plates, from distal portion of arm, inner view (I), external view (J) and distal view (K); L, M, arm spines from proximal portion of arm, middle (L) and aboral most (M); N, arm spine from distal portion of arm. Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: DL, dorsal lobe; E, elevated structure; P, perforation; VL, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605988/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 6N</figureCitation>
). The spines with serrate minute spinelets on lateral surfaces (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FB5AD8C2E03FFAFB" box="[1225,1386,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[224,1367,193,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[224,1368,193,1818]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of ossicles. A, B, dorsal arm plates, external views, from proximal (A) and distal portion of arm (B); C, D, ventral arm plates, external views from proximal (C) and distal portion of arm (D). E–H, lateral arm plates, from proximal portion of arms, inner view (E), external view (F), distal view (G) and, arm spine articulations (H); I–K, lateral arm plates, from distal portion of arm, inner view (I), external view (J) and distal view (K); L, M, arm spines from proximal portion of arm, middle (L) and aboral most (M); N, arm spine from distal portion of arm. Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: DL, dorsal lobe; E, elevated structure; P, perforation; VL, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605988/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 6L, M, N</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFB7FF95FF54D921E5B9FA6B" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">
Vertebrae with zygospondylus articulation (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FD23D921E633FAC7" box="[688,870,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[207,1385,188,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[207,1385,188,1864]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of vertebrae. A–D, vertebrae, from proximal portion of the arm, proximal view (A), distal view (B), aboral view (C) and oral view (D); E–H, vertebrae, from distal portion of the arm, proximal view (E), distal view (F), aboral view (G) and oral view (H). Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: AF, aboral muscle flange; DT, depression for tentacle; H, holes; OF, oral muscle flange; RWC, radial water canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605990/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 7A, B, E, F</figureCitation>
), longitudinal keel on aboral side (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FB7FD921E030FAC7" box="[1260,1381,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[207,1385,188,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[207,1385,188,1864]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of vertebrae. A–D, vertebrae, from proximal portion of the arm, proximal view (A), distal view (B), aboral view (C) and oral view (D); E–H, vertebrae, from distal portion of the arm, proximal view (E), distal view (F), aboral view (G) and oral view (H). Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: AF, aboral muscle flange; DT, depression for tentacle; H, holes; OF, oral muscle flange; RWC, radial water canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605990/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 7C, G</figureCitation>
) and longitudinal oral groove on oral side (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FDF6D90AE7BBFAA3" box="[613,750,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[207,1385,188,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[207,1385,188,1864]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of vertebrae. A–D, vertebrae, from proximal portion of the arm, proximal view (A), distal view (B), aboral view (C) and oral view (D); E–H, vertebrae, from distal portion of the arm, proximal view (E), distal view (F), aboral view (G) and oral view (H). Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: AF, aboral muscle flange; DT, depression for tentacle; H, holes; OF, oral muscle flange; RWC, radial water canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605990/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 7D, H</figureCitation>
). Two continuous holes on the aboral keel (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FA9BD90AE0C5FAA3" box="[1288,1424,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[207,1385,188,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[207,1385,188,1864]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of vertebrae. A–D, vertebrae, from proximal portion of the arm, proximal view (A), distal view (B), aboral view (C) and oral view (D); E–H, vertebrae, from distal portion of the arm, proximal view (E), distal view (F), aboral view (G) and oral view (H). Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: AF, aboral muscle flange; DT, depression for tentacle; H, holes; OF, oral muscle flange; RWC, radial water canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605990/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 7C, G</figureCitation>
). Ambulacral groove open (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FE52D969E714FA8F" box="[449,577,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[207,1385,188,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[207,1385,188,1864]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of vertebrae. A–D, vertebrae, from proximal portion of the arm, proximal view (A), distal view (B), aboral view (C) and oral view (D); E–H, vertebrae, from distal portion of the arm, proximal view (E), distal view (F), aboral view (G) and oral view (H). Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: AF, aboral muscle flange; DT, depression for tentacle; H, holes; OF, oral muscle flange; RWC, radial water canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605990/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 7D, H</figureCitation>
). Depression for tentacles located on lateral distal side of the vertebra (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FAFCD969E58AFA6B" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1871,1893]" captionTargetBox="[207,1385,188,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[207,1385,188,1864]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman, 1867) (RUMF-ZE-02040). SEM images of vertebrae. A–D, vertebrae, from proximal portion of the arm, proximal view (A), distal view (B), aboral view (C) and oral view (D); E–H, vertebrae, from distal portion of the arm, proximal view (E), distal view (F), aboral view (G) and oral view (H). Orientations: ab, aboral side; dis, distal side; o, oral side; pro, proximal side. Abbreviations: AF, aboral muscle flange; DT, depression for tentacle; H, holes; OF, oral muscle flange; RWC, radial water canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605990/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 7D, H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFB7FF95FF54D991E6A9FA37" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1905]" box="[199,1020,1447,1472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB7FF95FF54D991E445FA37" bold="true" box="[199,272,1447,1472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Color.</emphasis>
In living, disc dull yellow, arms with red and white bands (
<figureCitation id="75C3EA9FFFB7FF95FC39D991E6BBFA37" box="[938,1006,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,2014,2036]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1028,1992]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1437,1028,1992]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dougaloplus echinatus (Ljungman 1867). Living specimen, aboral view (RUMF-ZE-02040)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2605982/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5E2A591FFB7FF95FF54D9FAE013F983" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFB7FF95FF54D9FAE013F983" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB7FF95FF54D9FAE435FA12" bold="true" box="[199,352,1484,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Distribution.</emphasis>
Ie
<collectingCountry id="95EFB68AFFB7FF95FE10D9FAE49FFA12" box="[387,458,1484,1509]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Island</collectingCountry>
, Okinawa Island Group, southwestern
<collectingCountry id="95EFB68AFFB7FF95FCE8D9FBE6EEFA13" box="[891,955,1485,1508]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Japan</collectingCountry>
(this study);
<collectingRegion id="2F3C38F8FFB7FF95FBDDD9FAE1CDFA12" box="[1102,1176,1484,1509]" country="India" name="Odisha" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Orissa</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="95EFB68AFFB7FF95FB30D9FAE189FA12" box="[1187,1244,1484,1509]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB7FF95FB78D9FAE0DAFA13" author="Koehler, R." box="[1259,1423,1484,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" pagination="55 - 126" refId="ref13751" refString="Koehler, R. (1898) Echinoderms recueillis par l'Investigator dans l'Ocean Indien, II. Les Opiures littorales. Bulletin scientifique de la France et de la Belgique, 31, 55 - 126." type="journal article" year="1898">Koehler, 1898</bibRefCitation>
); Gaspar Strait,
<collectingCountry id="95EFB68AFFB7FF95FED7D9D9E4E4F9FF" box="[324,433,1519,1544]" name="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB7FF95FE56D9D9E7DCF9FF" author="Ljungman, A. V." box="[453,649,1519,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" pagination="221 - 272" refId="ref14228" refString="Ljungman, A. V. (1867) Ophiuroidea viventia huc usque cognita enumerat. In: Ofversigt af Kgl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar. pp. 221 - 272." type="book chapter" year="1867">Ljungman, 1867</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB7FF95FD08D9D9E616F9FF" author="Koehler, R." box="[667,835,1519,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 142" refId="ref13872" refString="Koehler, R. (1905) Ophiures de l'Expedition du Siboga. Part II. Ophiures de mer profonde. Siboga-Expeditie, 45 b, 1 - 142." type="journal article" year="1905">Koehler, 1905</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB7FF95FCC7D9C6E6DAF9FF" author="Koehler, R." box="[852,911,1520,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 295" refId="ref13987" refString="Koehler, R. (1930) Ophiures recueillies par le Docteur Th. Mortensen dans les Mers d'Australie et dans l'Archipel Malais. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. LIV. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening, 89, 1 - 295." type="journal article" year="1930">1930</bibRefCitation>
,
<typeStatus id="324348B8FFB7FF95FC33D9C7E685F9FE" box="[928,976,1521,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
locality); Singpore (
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB7FF95FB59D9D9E0DAF9FF" author="Ljungman, A. V." box="[1226,1423,1519,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" pagination="221 - 272" refId="ref14228" refString="Ljungman, A. V. (1867) Ophiuroidea viventia huc usque cognita enumerat. In: Ofversigt af Kgl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar. pp. 221 - 272." type="book chapter" year="1867">Ljungman, 1867</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="95EFB68AFFB7FF95FF04DA22E440F9DA" box="[151,277,1556,1581]" name="Philippines" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB7FF95FEB4DA22E496F9DB" author="Lyman, T." box="[295,451,1556,1580]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" pagination="221 - 272" refId="ref14649" refString="Lyman, T. (1874) Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae new and old. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 3, 221 - 272." type="journal article" year="1874">Lyman, 1874</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB7FF95FE40DA23E7F2F9DA" author="Clark, H. L." box="[467,679,1556,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" pagination="163 - 376" refId="ref11961" refString="Clark, H. L. (1915) Catalogue of recent ophiurans: based on the colletion of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Memorians of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Havard College, 25, 163 - 376." type="journal article" year="1915">H. L. Clark, 1915</bibRefCitation>
); Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="95EFB68AFFB7FF95FC8CDA22E6D6F9DA" box="[799,899,1556,1581]" name="Thailand" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB7FF95FC06DA22E16BF9DB" author="Koehler, R." box="[917,1086,1556,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 295" refId="ref13987" refString="Koehler, R. (1930) Ophiures recueillies par le Docteur Th. Mortensen dans les Mers d'Australie et dans l'Archipel Malais. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. LIV. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening, 89, 1 - 295." type="journal article" year="1930">Koehler, 1930</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingRegion id="2F3C38F8FFB7FF95FBC6DA22E1B1F9DA" box="[1109,1252,1556,1581]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="95EFB68AFFB7FF95FB60DA22E062F9DA" box="[1267,1335,1556,1581]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB7FF95FAD9DA22E586F9A7" author="Sluiter, C. P." pageId="6" pageNumber="79" refId="ref16916" refString="Sluiter, C. P. (1898) On a probable periodical amputation of the disk-covering by some ophiuroids. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, 5." type="book" year="1898">Sluiter, 1898</bibRefCitation>
). Great Barrier reef, Gillet Cay, northeastern
<collectingCountry id="95EFB68AFFB7FF95FD7BDA01E61AF9A7" box="[744,847,1591,1616]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB7FF95FCF0DA0EE16DF9A7" author="Clark, H. L." box="[867,1080,1591,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" pagination="197 - 239" refId="ref12166" refString="Clark, H. L. (1932) Echinodermata (other than Asteroidea). Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1928 - 29 Scientific Reports, 4, 197 - 239." type="journal article" year="1932">H. L. Clark, 1932</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB7FF95FBDBDA01E04AF9A7" author="Gibbs, P. E. &amp; Clark, A. M. &amp; Clark, C. M." box="[1096,1311,1591,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" pagination="101 - 144" refId="ref12862" refString="Gibbs, P. E., Clark, A. M. &amp; Clark, C. M. (1976) Echinodermas from the northern region of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 30, 101 - 144." type="journal article" year="1976">
Gibbs
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB7FF95FB06DA0FE19FF9A7" box="[1173,1226,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">et al</emphasis>
., 1976
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB7FF95FABDDA01E586F983" author="Kingston, S. C." pageId="6" pageNumber="79" pagination="123 - 147" refId="ref13709" refString="Kingston, S. C. (1981) The Swain Reefs Expedition: Ophiuroidea. Records of the Australian Museum, 33, 123 - 147. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.33.1980.277" type="journal article" year="1981">Kingston, 1981</bibRefCitation>
); Southern
<collectingCountry id="95EFB68AFFB7FF95FEC0DA6AE4C3F982" box="[339,406,1628,1653]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">China</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="95EFB68AFFB7FF95FE29DA6AE759F982" box="[442,524,1628,1653]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
Strait (
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB7FF95FDCEDA6AE7ADF983" author="Lutken, C. F." box="[605,760,1628,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" pagination="75 - 158" refId="ref14416" refString="Lutken, C. F. (1872) Ophiuridarum novarum vel minus cognitarum descriptiones nonnullae. ogle nye eller mindre bekjerdte Slangestjernerne beskrevne - Med nogle Bemaerkninger om Selvdelingen hos Straaldyrene -. Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selska bs forhandlinger, 77, 75 - 158." type="journal article" year="1872">Lütken, 1872</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB7FF95FC90DA6AE179F982" author="Liao, Y. &amp; Clark, A. M." box="[771,1068,1628,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" refId="ref14200" refString="Liao, Y. &amp; Clark, A. M. (1995) The echinoderms of southern China. Science Press, Beijing, New York." type="book" year="1995">Liao &amp; A. M. Clark, 1995</bibRefCitation>
). Depth range
<quantity id="2A005BFFFFB7FF95FB5CDA6AE014F983" box="[1231,1345,1628,1652]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.45" metricValueMax="11.8" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="64.5" valueMax="118.0" valueMin="11.0">
11–
<specimenCount id="FBFE3D93FFB7FF95FB6BDA6AE014F983" box="[1272,1345,1628,1652]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" type="generic">118 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A5E2A591FFB7FF95FF54DA49E15DF887" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFB7FF95FF54DA49E7E9F8DF" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB7FF95FF54DA49E46EF96F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1663,1688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species falls within the genus
<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFB7FF95FD58DAB6E609F96F" authorityName="A.M. Clark" authorityYear="1970" box="[715,860,1664,1688]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Dougaloplus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB7FF95FD58DAB6E609F96F" box="[715,860,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Dougaloplus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by virtue of having disc scales that bear spines and the presence of tentacle scales, and identified as
<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFB7FF95FD55DA93E602F94B" baseAuthorityName="Ljungman" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[710,855,1700,1724]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Dougaloplus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB7FF95FD55DA93E602F94B" box="[710,855,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">D. echinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having numerous disc spines on the aboral disc surface and on the interradial oral peripheral surface of the disc; three oral papillae on each jaw; and narrow, mostly separated radial shield (
<bibRefCitation id="89698BEBFFB7FF95FE33DADAE724F8F3" author="Clark, A. M." box="[416,625,1772,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 81" refId="ref11497" refString="Clark, A. M. (1970) Notes on the family Amphiuridae (Ophiuroidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 19, 1 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24085" type="journal article" year="1970">A. M. Clark, 1970</bibRefCitation>
). This is the first record of
<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFB7FF95FC0DDADAE1F4F8F3" baseAuthorityName="Ljungman" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[926,1185,1772,1796]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Dougaloplus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB7FF95FC0DDADAE1F4F8F3" box="[926,1185,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Dougaloplus echinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the second record of species of
<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFB7FF95FEB8DB26E4E9F8DF" authorityName="A.M. Clark" authorityYear="1970" box="[299,444,1808,1832]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Dougaloplus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB7FF95FEB8DB26E4E9F8DF" box="[299,444,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">Dougaloplus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Japanese waters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED47F61AFFB7FF95FF54DB02E15DF887" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">
The two specimens were collected at entrances of caves, not an anchialine environment. Therefore, this discovery may not indicate an anchialine environment affinity of
<taxonomicName id="2AF88D99FFB7FF95FCE7DB6FE154F887" baseAuthorityName="Ljungman" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[884,1025,1880,1904]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Dougaloplus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="6" pageNumber="79" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="echinatus">
<emphasis id="DF8C2A08FFB7FF95FCE7DB6FE154F887" box="[884,1025,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">D. echinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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