466 lines
64 KiB
XML
466 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document id="FAA9E70202A420160A84B6440A999152" ID-CLB-Dataset="27741" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4532.3.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6f171b80-465d-4b71-b931-c0c18c9e244d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2615473" ID-ZooBank="96CB3686-4EDC-4B32-A06F-B859E868B7AF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553788420488" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nicholls, James A., Melika, George & Stone, Graham N." docDate="2018" docId="51323C4286604D47BE9FFC0F423FF861" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4532.3.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4532 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dryocosmus juliae Nicholls & Melika & Stone 2018, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="417" masterDocId="AD0B443A86674D4DBE08FFA44019FFBE" masterDocTitle="New species of Dryocosmus Giraud gallwasps from California (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) galling Chrysolepis Hjelmq. (Fagaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="433" masterPageNumber="407" pageNumber="414" updateTime="1698715082925" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="04C5FCF94322BBEEDCA85B8B86ADA125" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1BB796A2BB4D3CCFCECFA866FBDB4CDE">
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<mods:title id="8827DFFBABB28A8B9A9F4A229138117C">New species of Dryocosmus Giraud gallwasps from California (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) galling Chrysolepis Hjelmq. (Fagaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="DC8CD2BC7579F18255873BDB438E70DB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8F9E93FE6EEB9A885CE5AA4C376D35AF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3834999DE585A9BBCD5AB992284F975D">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="07123EC9483FD4B3D4B8C2C47128BE2B">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C52D9F2E4FFA2F7C8D1AE8904F2EF20C">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B2CD32058E338065D57670DE10D5C9FE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="85064ED487AE31B464A4EE5D0C3D94DE">
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<mods:date id="3F1E010D76C15CEC727CBCD8C0382CB9">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="798684351A3EAFF3756152E92DB454E4">2018-12-19</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="9181DEDF86604D4ABE9FFC0F434CFC7B" box="[151,853,939,965]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="826C3A3886604D4ABE9FFC0F434CFC7B" bold="true" box="[151,853,939,965]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D786604D4ABE9FFC0F42A1FC7B" authority="Melika, Nicholls & Stone" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,696,939,965]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juliae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="EBEF514686604D4ABE9FFC0F4160FC7B" bold="true" box="[151,377,939,965]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Dryocosmus juliae</emphasis>
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Melika, Nicholls & Stone
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0DCEC3D86604D4ABCCEFC0F434CFC7B" box="[710,853,939,965]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="9181DEDF86604D4ABE9FFC6943D1FBB4" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D9248D5486604D4ABE9FFC69410DFC58" blockId="7.[151,968,939,1034]" box="[151,276,973,998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
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<figureCitation id="41A091D186604D4ABE9FFC69410DFC58" box="[151,276,973,998]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 18–27" captionStart-1="FIGURES 28–35" captionStart-2="FIGURES 36–45" captionStartId-0="9.[151,264,1917,1940]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,264,1214,1237]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,264,1868,1891]" captionTargetBox-0="[172,1419,200,1887]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1425,196,1181]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,195,1847]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[151,1435,193,1896]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[151,1435,193,1193]" captionTargetId-2="figure@11.[151,1435,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURES 18–27. Dryocosmus juliae, new species. 18–21, head, sexual female: 18, anterior view, 19, dorsal view, 20, posterior view, 21, lateral view. 22–24, head, male: 22, anterior view, 23, dorsal view, 24, posterior view. 25–26, antenna: 25, sexual female, 26, male. 27, forewing, part, sexual female." captionText-1="FIGURES 28–35. Dryocosmus juliae, new species. 28–34, sexual female: 28, mesosoma, lateral view, 29, mesoscutum, dorsal view, 30, mesoscutellum, dorsal view, 31, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view, 32–34, metasoma: 32, general lateral view, 33, part, lateral view, 34, part, ventral view. 35, male, metasoma, lateral view." captionText-2="FIGURES 36–45. Dryocosmus juliae, new species, galls: 36–43, sexual generation galls: 36–37, integral leaf gall completely within the leaf lamina (galltype spCAl13): 36, general view, 37, dissected gall with free-rolling inner larval cell. 38, integral leaf gall on the edge of the leaf blade (galltype spCAl14). 39–41, gall on developing leaf bud (galltype spCAb5): 39–40, general view, 41, dissected gall with free-rolling inner larval cell. 42–43, integral stem gall (galltype spCAs5). 44–45, asexual generation galls on catkins: 44, general view, 45, dissected gall with larva inside." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2615483/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2615485/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2615487/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Figs 18–45</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<emphasis id="EBEF514686604D4ABE9FFB9D4154FBEC" bold="true" box="[151,333,1081,1106]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Type material.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="062033F686604D4ABF54FB9E41E9FBEC" box="[348,496,1082,1106]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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female: “
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,
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,
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E of
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<location id="DC44DB8F86604D4ABDA8FB9E43F2FBEC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51323C4286604D47BE9FFC0F423FF861:DC44DB8F86604D4ABDA8FB9E43F2FBEC" box="[928,1003,1082,1106]" country="United States of America" name="Arcata" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" stateProvince="California">Arcata</location>
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(
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), ex buds of
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<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D786604D4ABB1EFB9E4131FBC8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Chrysolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysophylla">
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<emphasis id="EBEF514686604D4ABB1EFB9E4131FBC8" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Chrysolepis chrysophylla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, leg.
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<collectorName id="746EE88286604D4ABF60FBFB41FDFBC8" box="[360,484,1117,1142]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">J. Nicholls</collectorName>
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, 2009.07.13”;
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and
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:
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with the same labels as the
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;
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“
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<collectingCountry id="A18CCDC486604D4ABC07FB264255FB24" box="[527,588,1154,1178]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">USA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectionCode id="BF8A159186604D4ABC50FB264298FB24" box="[600,641,1154,1178]" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="Museum">CA</collectionCode>
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,
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E of Arcata
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</locationDeviation>
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(
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<specimenCode id="893D252F86604D4ABD78FB2543CAFB24" box="[880,979,1153,1178]" collectionCode="CA" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="Museum">CA1253</specimenCode>
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), ex leaves of
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<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D786604D4ABA7FFB26458CFB24" box="[1143,1429,1154,1178]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Chrysolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysophylla">
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<emphasis id="EBEF514686604D4ABA7FFB26458CFB24" box="[1143,1429,1154,1178]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Chrysolepis chrysophylla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, leg.
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<collectorName id="746EE88286604D4ABEC4FB034155FB00" box="[204,332,1189,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">J. Nicholls</collectorName>
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, 2009.07.13”;
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<specimenCount id="CF9D46DD86604D4ABFF1FB024250FB00" box="[505,585,1189,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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as “
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<collectingCountry id="A18CCDC486604D4ABC8BFB0242A6FB00" box="[643,703,1190,1214]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">USA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectionCode id="BF8A159186604D4ABCD8FB0242E0FB00" box="[720,761,1190,1214]" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="Museum">CA</collectionCode>
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,
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<locationDeviation id="C896947686604D4ABD01FB0243F2FB00" box="[777,1003,1189,1214]" location="Arcata" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
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<quantity id="1E6320B186604D4ABD01FB02434CFB00" box="[777,853,1189,1214]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
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E of Arcata
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</locationDeviation>
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(
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<specimenCode id="893D252F86604D4ABDF7FB02447AFB00" box="[1023,1123,1190,1214]" collectionCode="CA" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="Museum">CA1214</specimenCode>
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), ex leaves of
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<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D786604D4ABB1EFB024131FB5C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Chrysolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysophylla">
|
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<emphasis id="EBEF514686604D4ABB1EFB024131FB5C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Chrysolepis chrysophylla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="746EE88286604D4ABF6EFB6E41FBFB5C" box="[358,482,1225,1250]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">J. Nicholls</collectorName>
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, 2009.07.13”;
|
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<specimenCount id="CF9D46DD86604D4ABC8FFB6E42EAFB5C" box="[647,755,1225,1250]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
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and
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<specimenCount id="CF9D46DD86604D4ABD23FB6E4398FB5C" box="[811,897,1225,1250]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
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as “
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<collectingCountry id="A18CCDC486604D4ABDBAFB6E43F7FB5C" box="[946,1006,1226,1250]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">USA</collectingCountry>
|
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,
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<collectingRegion id="1B5F43B686604D4ABDF2FB6D4476FB5C" box="[1018,1135,1225,1250]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">California</collectingRegion>
|
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,
|
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<locationDeviation id="C896947686604D4ABA72FB6E4556FB5C" box="[1146,1359,1225,1250]" location="Arcata" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
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<quantity id="1E6320B186604D4ABA72FB6E44DBFB5C" box="[1146,1218,1225,1250]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Arcata
|
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</locationDeviation>
|
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, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="746EE88286604D4ABB82FB6E40E0FAB8" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">J. Nicholls</collectorName>
|
||
, 2012.07.0 1 ex leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D786604D4ABC4EFB4A4377FAB8" box="[582,878,1262,1286]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Chrysolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF514686604D4ABC4EFB4A4377FAB8" box="[582,878,1262,1286]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Chrysolepis chrysophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="893D252F86604D4ABD8EFB4A43F0FAB8" box="[902,1001,1262,1286]" collectionCode="CA" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="Museum">CA1313</specimenCode>
|
||
, spCAl13_5)”;
|
||
<specimenCount id="CF9D46DD86604D4ABAA5FB4A450EFAB8" box="[1197,1303,1261,1286]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
as “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A18CCDC486604D4ABB53FB4A4581FAB8" box="[1371,1432,1262,1286]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1B5F43B686604D4ABE9FFAB54115FA94" box="[151,268,1297,1322]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="C896947686604D4ABF14FAB6421BFA94" box="[284,514,1297,1322]" location="Arcata" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<quantity id="1E6320B186604D4ABF14FAB64171FA94" box="[284,360,1297,1322]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Arcata
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="746EE88286604D4ABC4FFAB642D1FA94" box="[583,712,1297,1322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">J. Nicholls</collectorName>
|
||
, 2009.07.26 ex leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D786604D4ABDF6FAB64538FA94" box="[1022,1313,1298,1322]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Chrysolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF514686604D4ABDF6FAB64538FA94" box="[1022,1313,1298,1322]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Chrysolepis chrysophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="893D252F86604D4ABB3DFAB64581FA94" box="[1333,1432,1298,1322]" collectionCode="CA" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="Museum">CA1243</specimenCode>
|
||
, spCAl14_2)”;
|
||
<specimenCount id="CF9D46DD86604D4ABF48FA9241BEFAF0" box="[320,423,1333,1358]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
as “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A18CCDC486604D4ABFEAFA924207FAF0" box="[482,542,1334,1358]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1B5F43B686604D4ABC38FA9142BDFAF0" box="[560,676,1333,1358]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="C896947686604D4ABCBDFA924384FAF0" box="[693,925,1333,1358]" location="Arcata" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<quantity id="1E6320B186604D4ABCBDFA924318FAF0" box="[693,769,1333,1358]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Arcata
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="746EE88286604D4ABDEBFA93447DFAF0" box="[995,1124,1333,1358]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">J. Nicholls</collectorName>
|
||
, 2012.07.23, adult emerge 2012.08.0 4, ex stems of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D786604D4ABFA3FAFE42D3FACC" box="[427,714,1370,1394]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Chrysolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF514686604D4ABFA3FAFE42D3FACC" box="[427,714,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Chrysolepis chrysophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="893D252F86604D4ABCD1FAFE4325FACC" box="[729,828,1370,1394]" collectionCode="CA" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="Museum">CA1310</specimenCode>
|
||
, spCAs5_9)”;
|
||
<specimenCount id="CF9D46DD86604D4ABDE9FAFE445AFACC" box="[993,1091,1369,1394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
as “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A18CCDC486604D4ABA7CFAFE44A8FACC" box="[1140,1201,1370,1394]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1B5F43B686604D4ABAB4FAFD4528FACC" box="[1212,1329,1369,1394]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="C896947686604D4ABB34FAFE411FFA28" location="Arcata" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<quantity id="1E6320B186604D4ABB34FAFE459DFACC" box="[1340,1412,1369,1394]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Arcata
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="746EE88286604D4ABF4EFADB41DDFA28" box="[326,452,1405,1430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">J. Nicholls</collectorName>
|
||
, 2012.08.0 7 ex stems of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D786604D4ABCE0FADA4411FA28" box="[744,1032,1406,1430]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Chrysolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF514686604D4ABCE0FADA4411FA28" box="[744,1032,1406,1430]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Chrysolepis chrysophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="893D252F86604D4ABA12FADA4464FA28" box="[1050,1149,1406,1430]" collectionCode="CA" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="Museum">CA1312</specimenCode>
|
||
, spCAs5_15)”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="69F3870986604D4ABB3CFAD9459AFA07" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2119294561" collectionCode="USNM, PHMB" country="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" specimenCount="14" specimenCount-female="10" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="062033F686604D4ABB3CFAD94585FA28" box="[1332,1436,1405,1430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CF9D46DD86604D4ABEF9FA06414BFA04" box="[241,338,1441,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="female">2 female</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="CF9D46DD86604D4ABF81FA0641CDFA04" box="[393,468,1441,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="062033F686604D4ABFD3FA06425EFA04" box="[475,583,1442,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are deposited in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="BF8A159186604D4ABD27FA06439AFA04" box="[815,899,1442,1466]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CF9D46DD86604D4ABD86FA0643F6FA04" box="[910,1007,1441,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="female">8 female</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="CF9D46DD86604D4ABA2DFA064468FA04" box="[1061,1137,1441,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="male">3 male</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="062033F686604D4ABA70FA0644FAFA04" box="[1144,1251,1442,1466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="BF8A159186604D4ABB38FA06459AFA07" box="[1328,1411,1442,1465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">PHMB</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9181DEDF86604D4ABECFFA61434AF9BF" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D9248D5486604D4ABECFFA61434AF9BF" blockId="7.[151,1437,1081,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF514686604D4ABECFFA61415FFA60" bold="true" box="[199,326,1477,1502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. Named in honour of Mrs. Julia DeMartini, wife of Prof. J. DeMartini, who provided extensive assistance looking for galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D786604D4ABFF9FA4E426EF9BC" box="[497,631,1514,1538]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Chrysolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF514686604D4ABFF9FA4E426EF9BC" box="[497,631,1514,1538]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Chrysolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other oak taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9181DEDF86604D4ABECFF9A941D1F89F" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="D9248D5486604D4ABECFF9A941D1F89F" blockId="7.[151,1437,1081,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF514686604D4ABECFF9A94158F998" bold="true" box="[199,321,1549,1574]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Most closely resembles sexual
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF514686604D4ABCAFF9AB4358F998" box="[679,833,1550,1574]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D786604D4ABCAFF9AB4324F998" box="[679,829,1550,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rileypokei">D. rileypokei</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D786604D4ABD6FF9AB43E0F998" box="[871,1017,1550,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rileypokei">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF514686604D4ABD6FF9AB43E0F998" box="[871,1017,1550,1574]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">D. rileypokei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the malar space, in both females and males, has striae radiating from clypeus and reaching eye margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41A091D186604D4ABD92F9954438F9F4" box="[922,1057,1585,1610]" captionStart="FIGURES 46–56" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1867,1890]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,206,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1435,193,1846]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 46–56. Dryocosmus rileypokei, sexual generation. 46–49, head, female: 46, anterior view, 47, dorsal view, 48, posterior view, 49, lateral view. 50–53, head, male: 50, anterior view, 51, dorsal view, 52, posterior view, 53, lateral view. 54– 55, antenna: 54, female, 55, male. 56, forewing, part, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615489/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Figs 46, 50</figureCitation>
|
||
), females are reddish brown, the occiput with numerous delicate striae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41A091D186604D4ABC45F9F142CBF9D0" box="[589,722,1621,1646]" captionStart="FIGURES 46–56" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1867,1890]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,206,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1435,193,1846]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 46–56. Dryocosmus rileypokei, sexual generation. 46–49, head, female: 46, anterior view, 47, dorsal view, 48, posterior view, 49, lateral view. 50–53, head, male: 50, anterior view, 51, dorsal view, 52, posterior view, 53, lateral view. 54– 55, antenna: 54, female, 55, male. 56, forewing, part, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615489/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Figs 48, 52</figureCitation>
|
||
); the mesoscutellum delicately coriaceous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41A091D186604D4ABAB5F9F14558F9D0" box="[1213,1345,1621,1646]" captionStart="FIGURES 57–64" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1502,1525]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,203,1468]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1435,193,1482]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 57–64. Dryocosmus rileypokei, sexual generation. 57–61, female: 57, mesosoma, lateral view, 58, mesosoma and propleura, anterior view, 59, mesoscutum, dorsal view, 60, mesoscutellum, dorsal view, 61, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view. 62–64, male: 62, mesosoma, lateral view, 63, mesoscutum, dorsal view, 64, mesoscutellum, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615493/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Figs 60, 64</figureCitation>
|
||
), lateral propodeal carinae subparallel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41A091D186604D4ABFF0F9DD4255F92C" box="[504,588,1657,1682]" captionStart="FIGURES 57–64" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1502,1525]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,203,1468]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1435,193,1482]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 57–64. Dryocosmus rileypokei, sexual generation. 57–61, female: 57, mesosoma, lateral view, 58, mesosoma and propleura, anterior view, 59, mesoscutum, dorsal view, 60, mesoscutellum, dorsal view, 61, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view. 62–64, male: 62, mesosoma, lateral view, 63, mesoscutum, dorsal view, 64, mesoscutellum, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615493/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
|
||
) while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D786604D4ABCCDF9DE4333F92C" authority="Nicholls & Melika & Stone, 2018" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[709,810,1658,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juliae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF514686604D4ABCCDF9DE4333F92C" box="[709,810,1658,1682]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">D. juliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF514686604D4ABD33F9DD43DFF92C" bold="true" box="[827,966,1657,1682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0DCEC3D86604D4ABD33F9DD43DFF92C" box="[827,966,1657,1682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, striae on the malar space are indistinct, short and not reaching the eye (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41A091D186604D4ABC01F9394289F908" box="[521,656,1693,1718]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1917,1940]" captionTargetBox="[172,1419,200,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,193,1896]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 18–27. Dryocosmus juliae, new species. 18–21, head, sexual female: 18, anterior view, 19, dorsal view, 20, posterior view, 21, lateral view. 22–24, head, male: 22, anterior view, 23, dorsal view, 24, posterior view. 25–26, antenna: 25, sexual female, 26, male. 27, forewing, part, sexual female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615483/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Figs 18, 22</figureCitation>
|
||
), females are blackish, the occiput without striae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41A091D186604D4ABAD2F939457AF908" box="[1242,1379,1693,1718]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1917,1940]" captionTargetBox="[172,1419,200,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,193,1896]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 18–27. Dryocosmus juliae, new species. 18–21, head, sexual female: 18, anterior view, 19, dorsal view, 20, posterior view, 21, lateral view. 22–24, head, male: 22, anterior view, 23, dorsal view, 24, posterior view. 25–26, antenna: 25, sexual female, 26, male. 27, forewing, part, sexual female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615483/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Figs 20, 24</figureCitation>
|
||
); the mesoscutellum uniformly rugose (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41A091D186604D4ABC1DF965427EF964" box="[533,615,1729,1754]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–35" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1214,1237]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,196,1181]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,193,1193]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 28–35. Dryocosmus juliae, new species. 28–34, sexual female: 28, mesosoma, lateral view, 29, mesoscutum, dorsal view, 30, mesoscutellum, dorsal view, 31, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view, 32–34, metasoma: 32, general lateral view, 33, part, lateral view, 34, part, ventral view. 35, male, metasoma, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615485/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
), lateral propodeal carinae bent outwards at mid height (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41A091D186604D4ABAD2F9654534F964" box="[1242,1325,1729,1754]" captionStart="FIGURES 28–35" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1214,1237]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,196,1181]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,193,1193]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 28–35. Dryocosmus juliae, new species. 28–34, sexual female: 28, mesosoma, lateral view, 29, mesoscutum, dorsal view, 30, mesoscutellum, dorsal view, 31, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view, 32–34, metasoma: 32, general lateral view, 33, part, lateral view, 34, part, ventral view. 35, male, metasoma, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615485/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
). The two species induce very different galls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41A091D186604D4ABC4AF94142D3F940" box="[578,714,1765,1790]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–45" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1868,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 36–45. Dryocosmus juliae, new species, galls: 36–43, sexual generation galls: 36–37, integral leaf gall completely within the leaf lamina (galltype spCAl13): 36, general view, 37, dissected gall with free-rolling inner larval cell. 38, integral leaf gall on the edge of the leaf blade (galltype spCAl14). 39–41, gall on developing leaf bud (galltype spCAb5): 39–40, general view, 41, dissected gall with free-rolling inner larval cell. 42–43, integral stem gall (galltype spCAs5). 44–45, asexual generation galls on catkins: 44, general view, 45, dissected gall with larva inside." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615487/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Figs 36–45</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="41A091D186604D4ABCD3F941433FF940" box="[731,806,1765,1790]" captionStart="FIGURES 80–85" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1682,1705]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,203,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1435,203,1651]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 80–85. Dryocosmus rileypokei, galls: 80–81, sexual generation galls in fruit: 80, general view, 81, dissected developing fruit with larval cells inside. 82–85, asexual galls in buds: 82–83, general view in field, 84, mature gall showing textured surface, with emerged adult, 85, dissected mature gall showing air space surrounding inner larval cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615501/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">80–85</figureCitation>
|
||
). Also resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D786604D4ABDF5F9434483F940" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[1021,1178,1766,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="demartinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF514686604D4ABDF5F9434483F940" box="[1021,1178,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">D. demartinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see the key and the Diagnosis to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D786604D4ABF23F8AE41D8F89C" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[299,449,1802,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="demartinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF514686604D4ABF23F8AE41D8F89C" box="[299,449,1802,1826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">D. demartinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9181DEDF86604D47BECFF88943A8F8F1" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="417" pageId="7" pageNumber="414" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D9248D5486604D4ABECFF8894444F8D4" blockId="7.[151,1437,1081,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF514686604D4ABECFF8894140F8F8" bold="true" box="[199,345,1837,1862]" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Sexual female. Head dark brown to black; mandibles, labial and maxillar palps light brown; antenna brown; mesosoma and metasoma dark brown to black; legs uniformly yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D9248D5486604D45BECFF8D14411FD3A" blockId="7.[151,1437,1081,2007]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="7" pageNumber="414">Head alutaceous, with sparse white setae, denser on lower face and occiput, 2.1x broader than long in dorsal view; 1.3x broader than high in anterior view and not broader than mesosoma. Gena alutaceous, not broadened behind eye, 2.4x narrower than cross diameter of eye, invisible in anterior view. Malar space alutaceous, with delicate, hardly traceable striae radiating from clypeus and not reaching eye; height of eye 3.0x longer than length of malar space. Compound eyes converging ventrally. POL 1.8x longer than OOL; OOL 1.6x longer than diameter of lateral ocellus, slightly longer than LOL; ocelli ovate, all equal in size. Transfacial distance 1.2x longer than height of eye and 1.55x longer than height of lower face (distance between antennal rim and ventral margin of clypeus); diameter of antennal torulus 1.2x longer than distance between them, distance between torulus and eye margin 1.4x longer than diameter of torulus. Lower face alutaceous, without striae, with elevated median area. Clypeus rectangular, flat, broader than high, alutaceous, with deep anterior tentorial pits, distinct epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line; ventrally rounded, not incised medially. Frons, interocellar area, vertex, occiput uniformly alutaceous. Postgena smooth, glabrous, postocciput around occipital foramen impressed, smooth, glabrous, with parallel striae; posterior tentorial pits large, deep, elongate; postgenal bridge narrow, 2.3x higher than broad; occipital foramen higher than height of postgenal bridge. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, longer than head+mesosoma; pedicel 1.8x longer than broad, F1 2.0x shorter than length of scape+pedicel, equal in length to F2, F2 slightly longer than F3, F3 slightly longer than F4, F5 longer than F6, subsequent flagellomeres equal in length, F11 shorter than F12; placodeal sensilla on F3–F12, in numerous rows.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D9248D54866F4D45BECFFD3444DCFB7B" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Mesosoma longer than high in lateral view. Pronotum smooth, glabrous; with few white setae and with irregular delicate wrinkles laterally, emarginate along lateral edge. Mesoscutum smooth, glabrous; nearly as long as broad (width measured across base of tegulae); notauli complete, deeply impressed for full length; median mesoscutal line in the form of a short triangle; anterior parallel and parapsidal lines not impressed, but traceable; parascutal carina broad, deep, anteriorly reaching notauli. Transscutal articulation deep, distinct. Mesoscutellum only slightly longer than broad, nearly rectangular, anteriorly slightly narrower than posteriorly; shorter than mesoscutum, uniformly rugose, overhanging metanotum; scutellar foveae transverse ovate, with smooth, glabrous bottom, divided by central elevated carina. Mesopleuron, including speculum, smooth, glabrous, with few white setae in ventroposterior third, without wrinkles at mid height; mesopleural triangle coriaceous, with few white setae and some delicate irregular short wrinkles. Metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron at half its height; preaxilla delicately coriaceous, glabrous; dorsal and lateral axillar areas glabrous, smooth, with few setae; axillar carina broad, with longitudinal striae; subaxillular bar narrow, smooth, glabrous, at most posterior end shorter than height of metanotal trough. Metascutellum uniformly coriaceous, higher than height of smooth, glabrous ventral impressed area; metanotal trough smooth, glabrous, with few white setae. Lateral propodeal carinae distinct, bent outwards at mid height, central propodeal area smooth, glabrous, without wrinkles; lateral propodeal area smooth, with dense white setae; nucha short, with delicate longitudinal sulci dorsolaterally and laterally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D9248D54866F4D45BECFFB6B4584FA8E" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Forewing as long or slightly longer than body, with distinct brown veins, margin with long dense cilia; radial cell 3.3x longer than broad, R1 and Rs nearly reaching wing margin; areolet triangular, well-delimited by distinct veins; Rs+M well-pigmented, its projection reaching basalis at mid-height. Tarsal claws simple, without basal lobe.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D9248D54866F4D45BECFFA994512FA7E" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
|
||
Metasoma longer than head+mesosoma, longer than high in lateral view, smooth, glabrous; 2nd metasomal tergite basally with ring of dense white setae only laterally, interrupted dorsally; 2nd tergite extending to 1/3 length of metasoma; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium nearly 2.5x longer than broad in ventral view, with white setae, extending beyond apex of spine but never forming a tuft. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="1E6320B1866F4D45BA3FFA0344A6FA7E" box="[1079,1215,1447,1472]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" unit="mm" value="2.35" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D9248D54866F4D45BECFFA684492F993" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
|
||
MALE. The colour pattern of the body the same as in female. Similar to female but compound eyes bigger and thus frons and lower face narrower than in female; also ocelli bigger. Antenna longer than body, with 13 flagellomeres, F1 uniformly broad, curved and excavated. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="1E6320B1866F4D45BDB0F9B04426F992" box="[952,1087,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.1">2.1–2.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D9248D54866F4D45BECFF99343F5F9CB" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF5146866F4D45BECFF9934219F9EE" bold="true" box="[199,512,1591,1616]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Morphological variability.</emphasis>
|
||
In some
|
||
<typeStatus id="062033F6866F4D45BC61F99D4280F9EF" box="[617,665,1593,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens (collection codes CA1313, spCAl13_5) the mesosoma is slightly lighter than in all others, otherwise no other differences were found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D9248D54866F4D45BECFF9DB459EF8BB" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF5146866F4D45BECFF9DB40E0F926" bold="true" box="[199,249,1663,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Gall</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="41A091D1866F4D45BF0FF9DB419AF926" box="[263,387,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–45" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1868,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 36–45. Dryocosmus juliae, new species, galls: 36–43, sexual generation galls: 36–37, integral leaf gall completely within the leaf lamina (galltype spCAl13): 36, general view, 37, dissected gall with free-rolling inner larval cell. 38, integral leaf gall on the edge of the leaf blade (galltype spCAl14). 39–41, gall on developing leaf bud (galltype spCAb5): 39–40, general view, 41, dissected gall with free-rolling inner larval cell. 42–43, integral stem gall (galltype spCAs5). 44–45, asexual generation galls on catkins: 44, general view, 45, dissected gall with larva inside." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615487/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Figs 36–43</figureCitation>
|
||
) The sexual generation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D7866F4D45BCACF9254369F926" authority="Nicholls & Melika & Stone, 2018" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[676,880,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juliae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF5146866F4D45BCACF9254369F926" box="[676,880,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Dryocosmus juliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF5146866F4D45BD76F9DB441DF926" bold="true" box="[894,1028,1663,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0DCEC3D866F4D45BD76F9DB441DF926" box="[894,1028,1663,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has four different galltypes, collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D7866F4D45BEDCF90041F1F902" box="[212,488,1700,1724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Chrysolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF5146866F4D45BEDCF90041F1F902" box="[212,488,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Chrysolepis chrysophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D7866F4D45BC17F90042D6F902" baseAuthorityName="Buffington & Morita" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[543,719,1700,1724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Chrysolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sempervirens">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF5146866F4D45BC17F90042D6F902" box="[543,719,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">C. sempervirens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and here listed under the field codes assigned to our collections. All galltypes occur at the same time (and often on the same individual plant) and probably reflect variation in the exact oviposition site within dormant buds before the buds develop into new growth/leaves with concurrent gall formation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D9248D54866F4D45BECFF8AB449CF8CE" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
|
||
spCAl13 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41A091D1866F4D45BF48F8AB41DFF896" box="[320,454,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–45" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1868,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 36–45. Dryocosmus juliae, new species, galls: 36–43, sexual generation galls: 36–37, integral leaf gall completely within the leaf lamina (galltype spCAl13): 36, general view, 37, dissected gall with free-rolling inner larval cell. 38, integral leaf gall on the edge of the leaf blade (galltype spCAl14). 39–41, gall on developing leaf bud (galltype spCAb5): 39–40, general view, 41, dissected gall with free-rolling inner larval cell. 42–43, integral stem gall (galltype spCAs5). 44–45, asexual generation galls on catkins: 44, general view, 45, dissected gall with larva inside." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615487/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Figs 36–37</figureCitation>
|
||
)—an integral leaf gall, typically developing in July, about
|
||
<quantity id="1E6320B1866F4D45BA96F8AB451BF899" box="[1182,1282,1807,1832]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, protruding mainly from lower surface of the leaf, sitting totally within the lamina of the leaf, never on the leaf edge, with a free-rolling inner larval cell. This is an undescribed galltype listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BD0AF0A5866F4D45BDF9F8F34499F8CE" author="Weld, L. H." box="[1009,1152,1879,1904]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" refId="ref15202" refString="Weld, L. H. (1957) Cynipid galls of the Pacific slope. Privately printed, Ann Arbor, MI, 124 pp." type="book" year="1957">Weld (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D9248D54866F4D45BECFF8D8455AF863" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">
|
||
spCAl14 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41A091D1866F4D45BF32F8D84190F82A" box="[314,393,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–45" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1868,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 36–45. Dryocosmus juliae, new species, galls: 36–43, sexual generation galls: 36–37, integral leaf gall completely within the leaf lamina (galltype spCAl13): 36, general view, 37, dissected gall with free-rolling inner larval cell. 38, integral leaf gall on the edge of the leaf blade (galltype spCAl14). 39–41, gall on developing leaf bud (galltype spCAb5): 39–40, general view, 41, dissected gall with free-rolling inner larval cell. 42–43, integral stem gall (galltype spCAs5). 44–45, asexual generation galls on catkins: 44, general view, 45, dissected gall with larva inside." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615487/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="415">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
)—an integral leaf gall, developing in July, about
|
||
<quantity id="1E6320B1866F4D45BDBDF8D8440BF82A" box="[949,1042,1916,1940]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="1E6320B1866F4D45BA88F8D844D8F82A" box="[1152,1217,1916,1940]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="415" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
across, on the edge of the leaf blade, causing infolding of the lamina (sometimes all the way to the midrib), with a free-rolling inner larval cell. Very similar to the previous galltype (spCAl13); however, located on the edge of the leaf blade.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8DE4DDDC866E4D44BE9FF8D942F1F86F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615483/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" startId="9.[151,264,1917,1940]" targetBox="[172,1419,200,1887]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="D9248D54866E4D44BE9FF8D942F1F86F" blockId="9.[151,1436,1917,2001]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF5146866E4D44BE9FF8D94140F82D" bold="true" box="[151,345,1917,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">FIGURES 18–27.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D7866E4D44BF6BF8DA423EF82D" authority="Nicholls & Melika & Stone, 2018" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[355,551,1918,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juliae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF5146866E4D44BF6BF8DA423EF82D" box="[355,551,1918,1939]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">Dryocosmus juliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF5146866E4D44BC30F8DA42A3F82D" bold="true" box="[568,698,1917,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0DCEC3D866E4D44BC30F8DA42A3F82D" box="[568,698,1917,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="416" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. 18–21, head, sexual female: 18, anterior view, 19, dorsal view, 20, posterior view, 21, lateral view. 22–24, head, male: 22, anterior view, 23, dorsal view, 24, posterior view. 25–26, antenna: 25, sexual female, 26, male. 27, forewing, part, sexual female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="8DE4DDDC866D4D47BE9FFB1A4433FAAC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615485/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="417" startId="10.[151,264,1214,1237]" targetBox="[151,1425,196,1181]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="D9248D54866D4D47BE9FFB1A4433FAAC" blockId="10.[151,1436,1214,1298]" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF5146866D4D47BE9FFB1A414AFB6A" bold="true" box="[151,339,1214,1237]" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">FIGURES 28–35.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D7866D4D47BF51FB1B420EFB6A" authority="Nicholls & Melika & Stone, 2018" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[345,535,1215,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="417" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juliae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF5146866D4D47BF51FB1B420EFB6A" box="[345,535,1215,1236]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">Dryocosmus juliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF5146866D4D47BC2BFB1B42B9FB6A" bold="true" box="[547,672,1214,1236]" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0DCEC3D866D4D47BC2BFB1B42B9FB6A" box="[547,672,1214,1236]" pageId="10" pageNumber="417" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. 28–34, sexual female: 28, mesosoma, lateral view, 29, mesoscutum, dorsal view, 30, mesoscutellum, dorsal view, 31, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view, 32–34, metasoma: 32, general lateral view, 33, part, lateral view, 34, part, ventral view. 35, male, metasoma, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D9248D54866D4D47BECFFA9A44C8FA59" blockId="10.[151,1437,1342,2015]" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">
|
||
spCAb5 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41A091D1866D4D47BF3DFA9A41AEFAE9" box="[309,439,1342,1367]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–45" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1868,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 36–45. Dryocosmus juliae, new species, galls: 36–43, sexual generation galls: 36–37, integral leaf gall completely within the leaf lamina (galltype spCAl13): 36, general view, 37, dissected gall with free-rolling inner larval cell. 38, integral leaf gall on the edge of the leaf blade (galltype spCAl14). 39–41, gall on developing leaf bud (galltype spCAb5): 39–40, general view, 41, dissected gall with free-rolling inner larval cell. 42–43, integral stem gall (galltype spCAs5). 44–45, asexual generation galls on catkins: 44, general view, 45, dissected gall with larva inside." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615487/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">Figs 39–41</figureCitation>
|
||
)—a small green gall that appears to be induced in terminal or axillary buds, conical, slightly pointed, up to
|
||
<quantity id="1E6320B1866D4D47BF9EFAC741CEFAC5" box="[406,471,1379,1403]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="417" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="1E6320B1866D4D47BC16FAC74262FAC5" box="[542,635,1379,1404]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="417" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter, with a free-rolling inner larval cell. Further investigation has shown that this gall is actually induced on a leaf, and the apparent position on a bud is because gall development stops leaf growth. Collected primarily in June and July, although some galls (one containing a viable pupa) were collected in October, perhaps indicating some proportion of larvae undergo a period of diapause.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D9248D54866D4D47BECFFA5742ADF991" blockId="10.[151,1437,1342,2015]" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">
|
||
spCAs5 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41A091D1866D4D47BF39FA5741ABF9B5" box="[305,434,1523,1548]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–45" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1868,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 36–45. Dryocosmus juliae, new species, galls: 36–43, sexual generation galls: 36–37, integral leaf gall completely within the leaf lamina (galltype spCAl13): 36, general view, 37, dissected gall with free-rolling inner larval cell. 38, integral leaf gall on the edge of the leaf blade (galltype spCAl14). 39–41, gall on developing leaf bud (galltype spCAb5): 39–40, general view, 41, dissected gall with free-rolling inner larval cell. 42–43, integral stem gall (galltype spCAs5). 44–45, asexual generation galls on catkins: 44, general view, 45, dissected gall with larva inside." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615487/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">Figs 42–43</figureCitation>
|
||
)—an integral stem gall, collected in July and August, causing swelling of the terminal bud and immediately adjacent new twig growth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D9248D54866D4D47BECFF99F43A8F8F1" blockId="10.[151,1437,1342,2015]" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">
|
||
The
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF5146866D4D47BF0AF99F41F3F9EA" bold="true" box="[258,490,1595,1620]" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">asexual generation</emphasis>
|
||
of this species induces catkin galls, which were collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D7866D4D47BB1EF99F4132F9C9" baseAuthorityName="Buffington & Morita" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Chrysolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="417" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sempervirens">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF5146866D4D47BB1EF99F4132F9C9" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">Chrysolepis sempervirens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the two sites near Manzanita Lake (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A18CCDC4866D4D47BCEBF9FB4306F9C9" box="[739,799,1631,1655]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1B5F43B6866D4D47BD23F9FA4387F9C9" box="[811,926,1630,1655]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
) on 2008.09.11 and 2012.09.24. However, at the time galls were collected only small larvae were inside the galls and no adults were subsequently reared. DNA sequences from these larvae matched those obtained from the sexual generation described above, confirming that this catkin gall is the alternate asexual generation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D7866D4D47BD1EF9684367F95D" authority="Nicholls & Melika & Stone, 2018" authorityName="Nicholls & Melika & Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[790,894,1739,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="417" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juliae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF5146866D4D47BD1EF9684367F95D" box="[790,894,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">D. juliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF5146866D4D47BD99F96F4439F95A" bold="true" box="[913,1056,1739,1764]" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0DCEC3D866D4D47BD99F96F4439F95A" box="[913,1056,1739,1764]" pageId="10" pageNumber="417" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. These asexual generation galls (galltype code spCAc4) develop on staminate catkins, are around
|
||
<quantity id="1E6320B1866D4D47BD85F94B43C9F8B9" box="[909,976,1775,1799]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="417" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, with a fluffy buff coloured surface. The internal structure shows an inner larval cell located at the bottom of the gall with a "dummy" cell above that contains a small opening on the upper surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41A091D1866D4D47BD29F89243BCF8F1" box="[801,933,1846,1871]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–45" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1868,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 36–45. Dryocosmus juliae, new species, galls: 36–43, sexual generation galls: 36–37, integral leaf gall completely within the leaf lamina (galltype spCAl13): 36, general view, 37, dissected gall with free-rolling inner larval cell. 38, integral leaf gall on the edge of the leaf blade (galltype spCAl14). 39–41, gall on developing leaf bud (galltype spCAb5): 39–40, general view, 41, dissected gall with free-rolling inner larval cell. 42–43, integral stem gall (galltype spCAs5). 44–45, asexual generation galls on catkins: 44, general view, 45, dissected gall with larva inside." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615487/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">Figs 44–45</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9181DEDF866D4D47BECFF8FF4509F802" pageId="10" pageNumber="417" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D9248D54866D4D47BECFF8FF4509F802" blockId="10.[151,1437,1342,2015]" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF5146866D4D47BECFF8FF413EF8CA" bold="true" box="[199,295,1883,1908]" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Alternate sexual and asexual generations are known, developing on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D7866D4D47BA22F8FF4552F8CD" baseAuthorityName="Buffington & Morita" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1066,1355,1883,1907]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Chrysolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="417" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sempervirens">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF5146866D4D47BA22F8FF4552F8CD" box="[1066,1355,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">Chrysolepis sempervirens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E9BF6D7866D4D47BB8AF8FF4131F829" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Chrysolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="417" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF5146866D4D47BB8AF8FF4131F829" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">C. chrysophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Galls of the sexual generation typically develop in June-August, adults emerge during the same period. Asexual galls on catkins starting to develop in September, adults probably emerge next spring.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9181DEDF866D4D47BECFF862423FF861" box="[199,550,1990,2015]" pageId="10" pageNumber="417" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="D9248D54866D4D47BECFF862423FF861" blockId="10.[151,1437,1342,2015]" box="[199,550,1990,2015]" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBEF5146866D4D47BECFF8624179F861" bold="true" box="[199,352,1990,2015]" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A18CCDC4866D4D47BF6FF86341BBF861" box="[359,418,1991,2015]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1B5F43B6866D4D47BFA5F862423BF861" box="[429,546,1990,2015]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="10" pageNumber="417">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |