923 lines
118 KiB
XML
923 lines
118 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B9CF844E6E15348A293CD3EFEFA62FF7">Phylogenetic systematics, ecology, and conservation of marsupial frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) from the Andes of southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new biphasic species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D7BAA157E88E4D7911411F152B2FDC69">Carvajal-Endara, Sofía</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BF9B47094957701BA0AAEA9C86BB3EF9">Coloma, Luis A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="070DDB48C3267CDB9FEFC391A6AC0491">Morales-Mite, Manuel A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5FAB0ED9A0D43BDBA482FEA78571ADA3">Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B86F3722BFC014755174CEBD8D0F0924">Duellman, William E.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="DF65A94B0B70D628FF2172C1F079FCEE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5941955" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154533711" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5941955" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DF65A94B0B70D628FF2172C1F079FCEE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF65A94B0B70D628FF2172C1F079FCEE" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B70D632FF2172C1F7F6FCCE" box="[151,705,766,792]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5773185D0B70D632FF2172C1F7F6FCCE" blockId="78.[151,705,766,792]" box="[151,705,766,792]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<heading id="0C3BAF310B70D632FF2172C1F7F6FCCE" bold="true" box="[151,705,766,792]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FF2172C1F7F6FCCE" ID-CoL="6JXVT" authority="Duellman & Hillis 1987" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,705,766,792]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
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<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FF2172C1F7F6FCCE" bold="true" box="[151,705,766,792]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FF2172C1F4A3FCCE" bold="true" box="[151,404,766,792]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B70D632FE2D72C1F7F6FCCE" author="Duellman, W. E. & Hillis, D. M." box="[411,705,766,792]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="141 - 173" refId="ref42571" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Hillis, D. M. (1987) Marsupial frogs (Anura: Hylidae: Gastrotheca) of the Ecuadorian Andes: resolution of taxonomic problems and phylogenetic relationships. Herpetologica, 43, 141 - 173." type="journal article" year="1987">Duellman & Hillis 1987</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B70D632FF21737AF141FA80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="5773185D0B70D632FF21737AF71CFB3F" blockId="78.[151,1437,837,2014]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FF21737AF4B2FC8B" ID-CoL="6JXVT" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,389,837,862]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
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||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FF21737AF4B2FC8B" box="[151,389,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described from
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<quantity id="9034B5B80B70D632FDC77379F788FC88" box="[625,703,837,862]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="km" value="7.1">7.1 km</quantity>
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by road north of San Lucas,
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<quantity id="9034B5B80B70D632FBBE7379F169FC8B" box="[1032,1118,838,862]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.94" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="2940.0">2940 m</quantity>
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(
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B70D632FB577379F063FC88" box="[1249,1364,837,862]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="925" value="-79.25">79° 15' W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B70D632FADF737AF5CAFC54" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Loja Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B70D632FEBA7356F45CFC54" box="[268,363,873,898]" name="Ecuador" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, in the southern Andean Cordillera. The
|
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<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B70D632FCFA7355F64BFC54" box="[844,892,874,898]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
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locality is located about midway between San Lucas and Saraguro. Current assignment of specimens to this taxon is constrained because: (1) there is a high phenotypic similarity between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FE47738DF75AFC1F" ID-CoL="6JXVT" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[497,621,946,969]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
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<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FE47738DF75AFC1F" box="[497,621,946,969]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. pseustes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FD12738DF61BFC1C" ID-CoL="6K9WP" box="[676,812,945,970]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateonota">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FD12738DF61BFC1C" box="[676,812,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. lateonota</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
from the Cordillera de Huancabamba in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B70D632FB4E738DF01BFC1F" box="[1272,1324,946,969]" name="Peru" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Peru</collectingCountry>
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||
(compare both species in
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B70D632FEF873EAF496FC38" box="[334,417,981,1006]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 10. Live adults and brooding females of (A) holotype of Gastrotheca litonedis (KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), of (B– C) G. litonedis (D–G) G. pseustes, G is the holotype (KU 203443, SVL = 55.2 mm) from 7.1 km N San Lucas, 2940 m, (H–I) G. elicioi, (J) G. turnerorum, (K) G. cuencana, (L) G. lojana, (M) female G. psycrophila (KU 164233, SVL = 63.5 mm) from 15 km E of Loja, 2850 m, and (N–O) G. yacuri, N is the holotype (CJ 5822, SVL = 57.4 mm). Not to scale. Photos A, G, M by WED; B–F, H–L by LAC, and N–O by PS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628002/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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with
|
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<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B70D632FE5173EAF7ABFC38" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[487,668,981,1006]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refId="ref42425" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2015) Marsupial Frogs: Gastrotheca and Allied Genera. JHU Press, Baltimore, MD, 408 pp." type="book" year="2015">Duellman 2015</bibRefCitation>
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||
: Fig. 12.21); (2). There is no genetic information for topotypic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FA3273E9F436FBC4" ID-CoL="6K9WP" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateonota">
|
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<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FA3273E9F436FBC4" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. lateonota</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
, thereby precluding comparisons with specimens from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B70D632FC4173C6F16FFBC4" box="[1015,1112,1017,1042]" name="Ecuador" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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; (3) according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B70D632FA9873C6F5D3FBE0" author="Duellman, W. E." pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refId="ref42425" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2015) Marsupial Frogs: Gastrotheca and Allied Genera. JHU Press, Baltimore, MD, 408 pp." type="book" year="2015">Duellman (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, variation in morphometrics, structural characters, and coloration within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FB977421F1A9FBE3" ID-CoL="6JXVT" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1057,1182,1054,1077]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FB977421F1A9FBE3" box="[1057,1182,1054,1077]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. pseustes</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents a geographic mosaic, except for the southernmost population, Saraguro. The frogs from Saraguro are somewhat more distinctive than the others in being larger in size, and in having broader heads and some consistent characteristics of color pattern, including dark flanks with pale spots and uniformly dark posterior surfaces of the thighs; and (4) new molecular phylogeographic data (not shown) suggest that there may be at least two species in what is now recognized as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FE8174EEF713FB3F" ID-CoL="6JXVT" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[311,548,1233,1258]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FE8174EEF713FB3F" box="[311,548,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B70D632FF7174CAF141FA80" blockId="78.[151,1437,837,2014]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
While awaiting ongoing analyses of molecular data and a future report with a more detailed taxonomic and phylogeographic revision of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FE687526F7FAFAE7" ID-CoL="6JXVT" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[478,717,1305,1330]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FE687526F7FAFAE7" box="[478,717,1305,1330]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we provide additional data of specimens (adults, tadpoles and metamorphs) from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B70D632FE2E7501F4FFFA80" box="[408,456,1342,1366]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
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||
locality and surrounding areas in
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<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B70D632FCF07502F64EFA80" box="[838,889,1341,1366]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Loja</collectingRegion>
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||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B70D632FC197502F6CCFA80" box="[943,1019,1341,1366]" country="Ecuador" name="El Oro" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">El Oro</collectingRegion>
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||
provinces.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1FD64BD60B70D628FF71755EF079FCEE" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5773185D0B70D632FF71755EF4C7F8D3" blockId="78.[151,1437,837,2014]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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The recognition of
|
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<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FE2B755EF7A0FAAC" box="[413,663,1377,1402]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateonota">
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<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FE2B755EF7A0FAAC" box="[413,663,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Gastrotheca lateonota</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
in southern
|
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<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B70D632FC94755EF648FAAC" box="[802,895,1377,1402]" name="Ecuador" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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(from
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<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B70D632FC7A755EF12FFAAC" box="[972,1048,1377,1402]" country="Ecuador" name="El Oro" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">El Oro</collectingRegion>
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||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B70D632FBFB755EF1B6FAAC" box="[1101,1153,1377,1402]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Loja</collectingRegion>
|
||
provinces) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B70D632FA91755EF449FA48" author="Blackburn, D. C. & Duellman, W. E." pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="709 - 714" refId="ref41289" refString="Blackburn, D. C. & Duellman, W. E. (2013) Brazilian marsupial frogs are diphyletic (Anura: Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 68 (3), 709 - 714. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.04.021" type="journal article" year="2013">Blackburn & Duellman (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B70D632FE3875BAF7ABFA48" author="Duellman, W. E. & Barley, A. J. & Venegas, P. J." box="[398,668,1413,1438]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="159 - 177" refId="ref42452" refString="Duellman, W. E., Barley, A. J. & Venegas, P. J. (2014) Cryptic species diversity in marsupial frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca) in the Andes of northern Peru. Zootaxa, 3768 (2), 159 - 177. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3768.2.4" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Duellman
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FDBE75B9F773FA48" box="[520,580,1413,1438]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B70D632FD1A75B9F6DBFA48" author="Yanez-Munoz, M. H. & Sanchez L & Lopez, K. & Rea S & Ramos, P. A. M. & Oyagata, L. A. & Paul, C." box="[684,1004,1413,1438]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="5" refId="ref46173" refString="Yanez-Munoz, M. H., Sanchez L, J. C., Lopez, K., Rea S, E., Ramos, P. A. M., Oyagata, L. A. & Paul, C. (2014) Expansion of the distributional range of some species of amphibians and reptiles in southwestern Ecuador. Ampliaciones del rango de distribucion de algunas especies de anfibios y reptiles en el suroccidente de Ecuador. Avances en Ciencias e Ingenierias, 6 (1), B 2 - B 5." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Yáñez-Muñoz
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FCE175B9F6A3FA48" box="[855,916,1413,1438]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B70D632FB9975BAF1C4FA48" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[1071,1267,1413,1438]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refId="ref42425" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2015) Marsupial Frogs: Gastrotheca and Allied Genera. JHU Press, Baltimore, MD, 408 pp." type="book" year="2015">Duellman (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was based on specimens identified as that species by Carvajal-Endara and Coloma. Subsequent examination of the specimens from Chilla,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B70D632FE8775F2F4C3FA30" box="[305,500,1485,1510]" country="Ecuador" name="El Oro" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">El Oro Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, reveals that they do not differ from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B70D632FC5575F2F172FA30" box="[995,1093,1485,1510]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(KU 203443,
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B70D632FB4075F2F057FA30" box="[1270,1376,1485,1510]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 10. Live adults and brooding females of (A) holotype of Gastrotheca litonedis (KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), of (B– C) G. litonedis (D–G) G. pseustes, G is the holotype (KU 203443, SVL = 55.2 mm) from 7.1 km N San Lucas, 2940 m, (H–I) G. elicioi, (J) G. turnerorum, (K) G. cuencana, (L) G. lojana, (M) female G. psycrophila (KU 164233, SVL = 63.5 mm) from 15 km E of Loja, 2850 m, and (N–O) G. yacuri, N is the holotype (CJ 5822, SVL = 57.4 mm). Not to scale. Photos A, G, M by WED; B–F, H–L by LAC, and N–O by PS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628002/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 10G</figureCitation>
|
||
) and additional specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B70D632FE2475CEF4DCF9DC" box="[402,491,1521,1546]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 10. Live adults and brooding females of (A) holotype of Gastrotheca litonedis (KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), of (B– C) G. litonedis (D–G) G. pseustes, G is the holotype (KU 203443, SVL = 55.2 mm) from 7.1 km N San Lucas, 2940 m, (H–I) G. elicioi, (J) G. turnerorum, (K) G. cuencana, (L) G. lojana, (M) female G. psycrophila (KU 164233, SVL = 63.5 mm) from 15 km E of Loja, 2850 m, and (N–O) G. yacuri, N is the holotype (CJ 5822, SVL = 57.4 mm). Not to scale. Photos A, G, M by WED; B–F, H–L by LAC, and N–O by PS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628002/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
D–F) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FDFB75CDF7FEF9DF" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[589,713,1522,1545]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FDFB75CDF7FEF9DF" box="[589,713,1522,1545]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B70D632FCA275CDF655F9DC" box="[788,866,1521,1546]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="km" value="3.7">3.7 km</quantity>
|
||
S Saraguro,
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B70D632FC4575CDF170F9DF" box="[1011,1095,1522,1546]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800 m</quantity>
|
||
. Thus, we do not recognize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FA3275CDF436F9F8" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateonota">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FA3275CDF436F9F8" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. lateonota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to occur in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B70D632FE30762AF4D2F9F8" box="[390,485,1557,1582]" name="Ecuador" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and treat the specimens from Chilla as part of a series of populations we consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FA327629F5C3F987" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FA327629F5C3F987" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FEC67605F4D9F987" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[368,494,1594,1617]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FEC67605F4D9F987" box="[368,494,1594,1617]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FDA07605F7A3F987" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[534,660,1594,1617]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FDA07605F7A3F987" box="[534,660,1594,1617]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2,
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B70D632FD0A7606F626F984" box="[700,785,1593,1618]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 33. Localities of known occurrence of Gastrotheca lateonota (red), G. pseustes 1 (green), and G. pseustes 2 (blue). See Appendix II for detailed locality data. Some nearby localities are represented by a single symbol." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628050/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
), occurring from the Equator south to high elevations of Podocarpus National Park in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B70D632FDEB7662F78DF9A0" box="[605,698,1629,1654]" name="Ecuador" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see also map in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B70D632FC237662F17CF9A0" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[917,1099,1629,1654]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refId="ref42425" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2015) Marsupial Frogs: Gastrotheca and Allied Genera. JHU Press, Baltimore, MD, 408 pp." type="book" year="2015">Duellman 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: Figure 12.47). Conceivably, molecular data from topotypic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FDB876BDF7A9F94C" box="[526,670,1665,1690]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateonota">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FDB876BDF7A9F94C" box="[526,670,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. lateonota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B70D632FD4776BEF663F94C" box="[753,852,1665,1690]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="km" value="31.5">31.5 km</quantity>
|
||
[by road] E Canchaque,
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B70D632FB2676BDF1D8F94F" box="[1168,1263,1666,1690]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.77" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="2770.0">2770 m</quantity>
|
||
, Cordillera de Huancabamba,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B70D632FEF1769AF737F968" box="[327,512,1701,1726]" country="Peru" name="Piura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Región de Piura</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B70D632FDBB7699F774F96B" box="[525,579,1702,1725]" name="Peru" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B70D632FDEE769AF79AF968" box="[600,685,1701,1726]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,193,1646]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 33. Localities of known occurrence of Gastrotheca lateonota (red), G. pseustes 1 (green), and G. pseustes 2 (blue). See Appendix II for detailed locality data. Some nearby localities are represented by a single symbol." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628050/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
), and additional populations from northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B70D632FB2B7699F1E6F96B" box="[1181,1233,1702,1725]" name="Peru" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
would resolve by (1) placement of non-type populations in either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FD0F76F5F600F937" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[697,823,1738,1761]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FD0F76F5F600F937" box="[697,823,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FCE976F5F6DEF934" box="[863,1001,1737,1762]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateonota">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FCE976F5F6DEF934" box="[863,1001,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. lateonota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or (2) placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FB6B76F5F050F934" box="[1245,1383,1737,1762]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateonota">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FB6B76F5F050F934" box="[1245,1383,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. lateonota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FEDA76D1F4DFF8D0" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[364,488,1774,1798]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FEDA76D1F4DFF8D0" box="[364,488,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B70D632FF71772EF427F808" blockId="78.[151,1437,837,2014]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B70D632FF71772EF702F8FC" author="Castroviejo-Fisher, S. & Padial, J. & De La Riva, I. & Pombal Jr., J. & Da Silva, H. & Rojas-Runjaic, F. & Medina-Mendez, E. & Frost, D." box="[199,565,1809,1834]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref41480" refString="Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Padial, J., De La Riva, I., Pombal Jr., J., Da Silva, H., Rojas-Runjaic, F., Medina-Mendez, E. & Frost, D. (2015) Phylogenetic systematics of egg-brooding frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) and the evolution of direct development. Zootaxa, 4004 (1), 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4004.1.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Castroviejo-Fisher
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FE15772DF4E8F8FC" box="[419,479,1809,1834]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included in a phylogenetic analysis a specimen UINHM 94580 from San Rafael,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B70D632FF587709F40FF898" box="[238,312,1846,1870]" country="Ecuador" name="Azuay" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Azuay</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B70D632FEF5770AF497F898" box="[323,416,1845,1870]" name="Ecuador" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FDEC770AF654F898" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[602,867,1845,1870]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riobambae">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FDEC770AF654F898" box="[602,867,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Gastrotheca riobambae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species that does not occur in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B70D632FA8D770AF0A2F898" box="[1339,1429,1845,1870]" name="Ecuador" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Their analysis places it in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FE517765F755F8A7" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[487,610,1882,1905]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FE517765F755F8A7" box="[487,610,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex. We also found a locality named San Rafael in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B70D632FB577765F0AEF8A4" box="[1249,1433,1881,1906]" country="Ecuador" name="Azuay" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Azuay Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, which is located between Cuenca and Cumbe, in Parroquia Tarqui at about
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B70D632FC517741F10BF843" box="[999,1084,1918,1942]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="2700.0">2700 m</quantity>
|
||
asl (not in the lowlands as was stated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B70D632FEBE779EF75BF86C" author="Castroviejo-Fisher, S. & Padial, J. & De La Riva, I. & Pombal Jr., J. & Da Silva, H. & Rojas-Runjaic, F. & Medina-Mendez, E. & Frost, D." box="[264,620,1953,1978]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref41480" refString="Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Padial, J., De La Riva, I., Pombal Jr., J., Da Silva, H., Rojas-Runjaic, F., Medina-Mendez, E. & Frost, D. (2015) Phylogenetic systematics of egg-brooding frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) and the evolution of direct development. Zootaxa, 4004 (1), 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4004.1.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Castroviejo-Fisher
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FE55779DF712F86C" box="[483,549,1953,1978]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This locality is well within the altitudinal and latitudinal range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B70D632FA32779DF5C3F808" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B70D632FA32779DF5C3F808" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="03B348D50B71D633FF2176BCF1AEF96E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628050/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" startId="79.[151,250,1667,1689]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1646]" targetPageId="79">
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B71D633FF2176BCF1AEF96E" blockId="79.[151,1437,1667,1720]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B71D633FF2176BCF42DF94F" bold="true" box="[151,282,1667,1689]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">FIGURE 33</emphasis>
|
||
. Localities of known occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B71D633FD2776BCF643F94F" box="[657,884,1667,1689]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateonota">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B71D633FD2776BCF643F94F" box="[657,884,1667,1689]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Gastrotheca lateonota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(red),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B71D633FC0D76BBF11AF94F" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[955,1069,1668,1689]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B71D633FC0D76BBF11AF94F" box="[955,1069,1668,1689]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1 (green), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B71D633FB7A76BBF00AF94F" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1228,1341,1668,1689]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B71D633FB7A76BBF00AF94F" box="[1228,1341,1668,1689]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2 (blue). See Appendix II for detailed locality data. Some nearby localities are represented by a single symbol.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B71D62CFF7176DBF711FE7B" blockId="79.[151,1436,1764,2006]" lastBlockId="80.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Herein, we provide meristic data from specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B71D633FCA176DBF131F92B" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[791,1030,1764,1789]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B71D633FCA176DBF131F92B" box="[791,1030,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1 and 2 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B71D633FBC676DBF1F1F92B" box="[1136,1222,1764,1789]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="21.[147,235,582,605]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements (in mm) of adults of Gastrotheca litonedis, G. lojana, G. cuencana, G. elicioi, G. turnerorum, G. pseustes 1, G. pseustes 2, G. psychrophila, G. monticola, and G. yacuri. Mean±SD, and range are given. Abbreviations are: SVL (snout–vent length), TIBL (tibia length), FL (foot length), HL (head length), HW (head width), IOD (interorbital distance), EW (eyelid width), IND (internarial distance), ED (eye diameter), EN (eye–nostril distance), TD (tympanum diameter), FFL (thumb length), TFL (third finger length) and TFD (third finger disc width)." pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
), images depicting intrapopulation color pattern variation of metamorphs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B71D633FCBB7737F654F8F7" box="[781,867,1800,1825]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1680]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1436,481,1680]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 34. Metamorph (Stage 46 of Gosner) variation in live Gastrotheca pseustes 1 from Chillacocha, El Oro Province, Ecuador: (A) CJ 1954, (B) QCAZ 45126, (C) CJ 1955, (D) CJ 1953, (E) CJ 1956, and (E) from Chilla–Saraguro (CJ 1956). Not to scale. Photos by LAC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628052/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||
), of adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B71D633FBB07736F1B4F8F7" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1030,1155,1801,1825]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B71D633FBB07736F1B4F8F7" box="[1030,1155,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1 from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B71D633FAB97736F008F8F7" box="[1295,1343,1801,1825]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B71D633FF297713F432F893" box="[159,261,1836,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 10. Live adults and brooding females of (A) holotype of Gastrotheca litonedis (KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), of (B– C) G. litonedis (D–G) G. pseustes, G is the holotype (KU 203443, SVL = 55.2 mm) from 7.1 km N San Lucas, 2940 m, (H–I) G. elicioi, (J) G. turnerorum, (K) G. cuencana, (L) G. lojana, (M) female G. psycrophila (KU 164233, SVL = 63.5 mm) from 15 km E of Loja, 2850 m, and (N–O) G. yacuri, N is the holotype (CJ 5822, SVL = 57.4 mm). Not to scale. Photos A, G, M by WED; B–F, H–L by LAC, and N–O by PS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628002/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 10G</figureCitation>
|
||
) and from Chillacocha (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B71D633FDA17713F745F893" box="[535,626,1836,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1862,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,409,1841]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 10. Live adults and brooding females of (A) holotype of Gastrotheca litonedis (KU 202690, SVL = 62.4 mm), of (B– C) G. litonedis (D–G) G. pseustes, G is the holotype (KU 203443, SVL = 55.2 mm) from 7.1 km N San Lucas, 2940 m, (H–I) G. elicioi, (J) G. turnerorum, (K) G. cuencana, (L) G. lojana, (M) female G. psycrophila (KU 164233, SVL = 63.5 mm) from 15 km E of Loja, 2850 m, and (N–O) G. yacuri, N is the holotype (CJ 5822, SVL = 57.4 mm). Not to scale. Photos A, G, M by WED; B–F, H–L by LAC, and N–O by PS." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628002/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
D–F). Data for additional specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B71D633FB847712F19AF893" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1074,1197,1837,1861]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B71D633FB847712F19AF893" box="[1074,1197,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1 are: QCAZ 45121, 45124
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B71D633FF6B776FF5DCF8BF" bold="true" box="[221,235,1872,1897]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">–</emphasis>
|
||
5, adult males, and QCAZ 45123 adult female from Chillacocha, ~
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B71D633FC52776EF12AF8BF" box="[996,1053,1872,1897]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
||
SW Chilla,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B71D633FB1D776FF053F8BF" box="[1195,1380,1872,1897]" country="Ecuador" name="El Oro" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">El Oro Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B71D633FAC2776EF42FF85B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" precision="1" value="-3.5108612">03° 30' 39.1" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B71D633FE90774AF4C6F85A" box="[294,497,1908,1933]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" precision="1" value="-79.6147">79° 36' 52.92" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B71D633FE49774BF760F85B" box="[511,599,1908,1933]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.163" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="3163.0">3163 m</quantity>
|
||
) collected on
|
||
<date id="23723E9D0B71D633FD4A774AF680F85B" box="[764,951,1909,1933]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="2009-08-18">18 August 2009</date>
|
||
. The frogs were on leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B71D633FAB9774AF044F85A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[1295,1395,1909,1932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gunneraceae" genus="Gunnera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gunnerales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B71D633FAB9774AF044F85A" box="[1295,1395,1909,1932]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Gunnera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B71D633FF2877A6F403F867" box="[158,308,1945,1969]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gunneraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gunnerales" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Gunneraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) near a small stream and adjoining marshland about
|
||
<date id="23723E9D0B71D633FC2077A6F6D7F867" box="[918,992,1944,1969]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" value="2010-10-05">
|
||
10 x
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B71D633FC6477A7F6D7F867" box="[978,992,1944,1969]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="m" value="5.0">
|
||
<specimenCount id="41CAD3D40B71D633FC6477A7F6D7F867" box="[978,992,1944,1969]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="generic">5</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
m. The water temperature was 9.6° C. Two individuals—CJ
|
||
<specimenCount id="41CAD3D40B71D633FE267782F4CDF800" box="[400,506,1981,2006]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="adult">201 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
female and KU 335386 adult male—are from Chillacocha, ~
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B71D633FB0C7782F1C3F800" box="[1210,1268,1981,2006]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
||
SW Chilla,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B71D62CFA357782F419FF66" country="Ecuador" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" name="El Oro" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">El Oro Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6ED62CFE8B70A7F4C0FF66" box="[317,503,151,176]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="1" value="-3.5042694">03° 30' 15.37" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6ED62CFDB270A7F78CFF79" box="[516,699,152,176]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="1" value="-79.61714">79° 37' 01.7" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B6ED62CFD7070A8F62BFF66" box="[710,796,151,176]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="3250.0">3250 m</quantity>
|
||
) collected on
|
||
<date id="23723E9D0B6ED62CFC0A70A7F164FF66" box="[956,1107,152,176]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" value="2011-06-10">10 June 2011</date>
|
||
. They were in amplexus on a leaf of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6ED62CFF5B7082F466FF02" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[237,337,189,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gunneraceae" genus="Gunnera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gunnerales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6ED62CFF5B7082F466FF02" box="[237,337,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Gunnera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6ED62CFE3B7083F714FF02" box="[397,547,188,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gunneraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gunnerales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Gunneraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) approximately
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B6ED62CFD577083F61DFF02" box="[737,810,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="cm" value="90.0">90 cm</quantity>
|
||
above the ground and a small stream. Tadpoles were collected from a puddle next to the road in the vicinity of Chilla,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B6ED62CFCC670E0F110FF2E" box="[880,1063,223,248]" country="Ecuador" name="El Oro" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">El Oro Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6ED62CFB8070DFF1D8FF2E" box="[1078,1263,224,248]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="1" value="-3.4581695">03° 27' 29.41" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6ED62CFB4D70DFF583FECA" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="1" value="-79.58113">79° 34' 52.07" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B6ED62CFF09713BF422FECA" box="[191,277,260,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.452" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="2452.0">2452 m</quantity>
|
||
) on
|
||
<date id="23723E9D0B6ED62CFEF1713BF4EAFECA" box="[327,477,260,284]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" value="2011-06-11">11 June 2011</date>
|
||
; one of these was raised to be an adult male (CJ 399). Tadpoles were collected from a puddle next to the road at Manu,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B6ED62CFDB87118F79BFE96" box="[526,684,295,320]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Loja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6ED62CFD0A7117F640FE96" box="[700,887,296,320]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="1" value="-3.5547304">03° 33' 17.03" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6ED62CFC357117F10CFEE9" box="[899,1083,295,320]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="1" value="-79.36834">79° 22' 6.02" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B6ED62CFBF17118F1AAFE96" box="[1095,1181,295,320]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.876" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="2876.0">2876 m</quantity>
|
||
) on
|
||
<date id="23723E9D0B6ED62CFB677117F05FFE96" box="[1233,1384,296,320]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" value="2011-06-11">11 June 2011</date>
|
||
; one of these was raised to be an adult female (CJ 400). Tadpoles were collected from the entrance of Parque Nacional Podocarpus,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B6ED62CFE9E7150F4F1FE5E" box="[296,454,367,392]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Loja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6ED62CFE63714FF7B8FE5E" box="[469,655,367,392]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="1" value="-4.09042">04° 05' 25.51" S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6ED62CFD2A714FF656FE51" box="[668,865,368,392]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" precision="1" value="-79.20277">79° 12' 09.97" W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B6ED62CFCDA7150F6F5FE5E" box="[876,962,367,392]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.456" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="2456.0">2456 m</quantity>
|
||
) on
|
||
<date id="23723E9D0B6ED62CFC43714FF1BBFE5E" box="[1013,1164,368,392]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" value="2011-06-14">14 June 2011</date>
|
||
; one of these was raised to be an adult female (KU 335387).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="03B348D50B6ED62CFF217699F4A2F92F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628052/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" startId="80.[151,250,1702,1724]" targetBox="[151,1436,481,1680]" targetPageId="80">
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6ED62CFF217699F4A2F92F" blockId="80.[151,1436,1702,1785]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6ED62CFF217699F42CF96A" bold="true" box="[151,283,1702,1724]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">FIGURE 34</emphasis>
|
||
. Metamorph (Stage 46 of Gosner) variation in live
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6ED62CFC807699F139F96A" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[822,1038,1702,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6ED62CFC807699F139F96A" box="[822,1038,1702,1724]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1 from Chillacocha, El Oro Province, Ecuador: (A) CJ 1954, (B) QCAZ 45126, (C) CJ 1955, (D) CJ 1953, (E) CJ 1956, and (E) from Chilla–Saraguro (CJ 1956). Not to scale. Photos by LAC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6ED62DFF71771FF48EFD1B" blockId="80.[151,1437,1824,2029]" lastBlockId="81.[151,1437,151,1400]" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6ED62CFF71771FF40FF8EF" bold="true" box="[199,312,1824,1849]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Tadpoles.</emphasis>
|
||
Tadpoles belong to
|
||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B6ED62CFD94771EF76EF8EF" box="[546,601,1825,1849]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
IV tadpole of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="335D65AC0B6ED62CFCB5771EF6ADF8EF" author="Orton, G. L." box="[771,922,1824,1849]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="63 - 75" refId="ref44349" refString="Orton, G. L. (1953) The systematics of vertebrate larvae. Systematic Zoology, 2 (2), 63 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2411661" type="journal article" year="1953">Orton (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and the exotroph, benthic ecomorphological guild. All measurements are expressed in millimeters. The following description is based on a specimen in Stage 36, from a series (CJ 1949) obtained from a pond at Chillacocha,
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B6ED62CFC287756F6EDF857" box="[926,986,1896,1921]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
||
SW Chilla,
|
||
<quantity id="9034B5B80B6ED62CFBD97757F1FEF856" box="[1135,1225,1896,1921]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="m" value="3250.0">3250 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B6ED62CFB6E7757F0AEF857" box="[1240,1433,1896,1921]" country="Ecuador" name="El Oro" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">El Oro Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2FDB58CD0B6ED62CFF2177B3F5C1F873" box="[151,246,1932,1957]" name="Ecuador" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, by Elicio E. Tapia, Sofía Carvajal-Endara, and Henry Grefa on
|
||
<date id="23723E9D0B6ED62CFC7177B2F16BF873" box="[967,1116,1933,1957]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" value="2011-06-10">10 June 2011</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B6ED62CFBDD77B3F1F5F873" box="[1131,1218,1932,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 5. Live tadpoles of: (A) Gastrotheca cuencana (CJ 1945, Stage 37), from Cuenca, Azuay Province, (B) Gastrotheca litonedis (CJ 6813, Stage 37), from Laguna de Busa, San Fernando, Azuay Province, (C) Gastrotheca lojana (CJ 1948, Stage 35), from Oña, Azuay Province, (D) Gastrotheca elicioi (CJ 4312a, Stage 37), from Loja, Loja Province, (E) Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 1957, Stage 36), from Laguna Negra de Jimbura, Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja Province, and (F) Gastrotheca pseustes 1 (CJ 1949, Stage 37), from Chillacocha, El Oro Province. Scales = 3 mm (A–D, F) (E). Photos by LAC (A, C, E) and MAM (B, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627992/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Total length 58.2; body length 22.7 (39% of total length). Body ovoid in dorsal and lateral views, slightly depressed; throat concave in lateral profile, sloping from anterior margin of snout to belly; body width at level of spiracle 15.3, and height at same position 12.9; head width at level of eyes 11.7. Lateral-line system present but barely visible, supraorbital and infraorbital lines both originating at tip of snout, running parallel to the eye and making contact immediately behind the eye; angular line descending vertically from just posterior of eye to throat; it dorsally contacts with post infraorbital line; post-supraocular present in form of a few stitches, anterior oral line descending vertically from oral disc level and behind nares level to throat, making a curve that parallels infraorbital line, forming a circuit continuous with angular and loreal lines; ventral line surrounds dorsally the spiracle; dorsal body and middle body lines not visible. Nostril medium sized (in proportion to body length), ovoid, protruding, with a fleshy annulus, its opening directed anterolaterally. Snout–nostril distance 3.9; internarial distance 3.6. Eye positioned and directed dorsolaterally, eye length 2.9, eye width 2.3; interorbital distance 7.1. Spiracle sinistral, located at midbody, spiracular opening oriented posteriorly; distance from tip of snout to spiracular opening 15.6; end of spiracle rounded, attached to body wall, inner wall of spiracle not evident; tube length 2.7, tube transverse width 3.0. Vent tube dextral, opening directed posteriorly, tube length 2.9, tube transverse width 2.8. Tail length 35.0, caudal musculature robust, narrowing gradually until tail terminus; caudal muscle height 4.5, caudal muscle width 4.3; caudal fins well developed and proportional, dorsal fin originating near tail-body junction, forming low hump; dorsal fin height 4.2, ventral fin height 3.8; maximum height of tail 12.3; tail terminus rounded, caudal musculature not reaching fin terminus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6FD62DFF7172E8F436FC3B" blockId="81.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Oral disc small, ventral, anteriorly reaching level of tip of snout, not protruding laterally beyond body, not visible dorsally; transverse width 5.9, surrounded by an uniserial row of small, marginal papillae, interrupted medially in upper lip; lower lip papillae alternating in orientation in and out, giving appearance of two rows; upper lip with 17 papillae on right side and 16 papillae on left side; lower lip with 52 marginal papillae; upper jaw sheath medium-sized, forming a finely serrated, smooth arch, with lateral processes, height 0.56, transverse width 3.7 (63% of oral disc width); lower jaw sheath V- shaped, finely serrated, width 2.9, height 0.68. Labial tooth row formula 2/3(1), tooth rows lengths: A1: 4.2, A2: 4.5, P1 right row 1.9, P1 left row 2.0, P1 gap 0.3, P2: 4.1, P3: 3.7. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B6FD62DFF2973EBF5C3FC3B" box="[159,244,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1453,1475]" captionTargetBox="[175,1411,193,1425]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[175,1411,193,1425]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 6. Oral discs of: (A) Gastrotheca cuencana (CJ 1945, Stage 38), from Cuenca (south control), Azuay Province, (B) Gastrotheca litonedis (CJ 5292, Stage 35), from from Laguna de Busa, San Fernando, Azuay Province, (C) Gastrotheca lojana (CJ 4309, Stage 37), from El Tablón, Loja Province, (D) Gastrotheca elicioi (CJ 4311, Stage 36), from Barrio Puntzará Grande, Loja, Loja Province, (E) Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 1959, Stage 39), from Laguna Negra de Jimbura, Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja Province, and (F) Gastrotheca pseustes (CJ 1949, Stage 37), from Chillacocha, El Oro Province. Not to scale. Photos by LAC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627994/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6FD62DFF7173C8F6C4FBAB" blockId="81.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6FD62DFF7173C8F48AFBC6" box="[199,445,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Color in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum gray with darker gray areas on flanks, above eye and on throat; margin of snout paler than adjacent areas. Caudal musculature and fins with a profusion of medium-sized dots that are most dense on upper part of the musculature; fins otherwise translucent. Venter cream, speckled with white, guts not exposed; eyes lavender gray with irregular white markings, oral apparatus translucent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6FD62DFF7174B8F41EFAAE" blockId="81.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6FD62DFF7174B8F460FB76" box="[199,343,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Color in life.</emphasis>
|
||
In dorsal view, body tan with black flecks. Flanks reticulated with black and tan; areas around the eyes and snout paler tan. Venter cream with black markings; throat translucent with small cream flecks; reddish gills evident. Caudal muscles reddish-pink, more evident on proximal half; myomeres barely visible; caudal muscles and fins having medium-sized cream dots, most dense on upper side of caudal muscles and near tail-body junction, forming a nearly conitnuous stripe along dorsolateral caudal musculature; otherwise caudal fins translucent. Legs cream with black markings on toes. Oral apparatus pale cream. Iris copper-yellow, with black reticulations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="03B348D50B6FD62DFF21759BF7E2FA2D" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6FD62DFF21759BF7E2FA2D" blockId="81.[151,1436,1443,1531]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6FD62DFF21759BF42FFA6D" bold="true" box="[151,280,1444,1467]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">TABLE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Variation of 26 meristic characters of tadpoles in Stages 36–42 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6FD62DFC59759CF1E4FA6D" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[1007,1235,1443,1467]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6FD62DFC59759CF1E4FA6D" box="[1007,1235,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CJ 1949). Values are given in mm, mean±standard deviations (first row) and ranges (second row), number of specimens in parentheses. See Materials and methods for character abreviations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6FD62DFE1E7629F021F872" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<table id="25CCEAFD0B6F2983FF297629F015F872" box="[159,1314,1558,1956]" colsContinueIn="82.[159,1314,201,1836]" gridcols="5" gridrows="10" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6F2983FF297629F015F9FA" box="[159,1314,1558,1580]" gridrow="0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6F2983FE1E7629F4C8F9FA" box="[424,511,1558,1580]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Stage 36</th>
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6F2983FD107629F7C9F9FA" box="[678,766,1558,1580]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Stage 40</th>
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6F2983FC137629F115F9FA" box="[933,1058,1558,1580]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Stage 41</th>
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6F2983FB157629F015F9FA" box="[1187,1314,1558,1580]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Stage 42</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6F2983FF29767FF015F980" box="[159,1314,1600,1622]" gridrow="1" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FE1E767FF4C8F980" box="[424,511,1600,1622]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">(n=1)</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FD10767FF7C9F980" box="[678,766,1600,1622]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">(n=1)</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FC13767FF115F980" box="[933,1058,1600,1622]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">(n=2)</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FB15767FF015F980" box="[1187,1314,1600,1622]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">(n=3)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6F2983FF297655F015F956" box="[159,1314,1642,1664]" gridrow="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6F2983FF297655F5FFF956" box="[159,200,1642,1664]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">TL</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FE1E7655F4C8F956" box="[424,511,1642,1664]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">58.23</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FD107655F7C9F956" box="[678,766,1642,1664]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">55.02</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FC137655F115F956" box="[933,1058,1642,1664]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">57.6–58.66</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FB157655F015F956" box="[1187,1314,1642,1664]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">54.61±3.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6F2983FF2976ABF015F97C" box="[159,1314,1684,1706]" gridrow="3" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FB1576ABF015F97C" box="[1187,1314,1684,1706]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">51.24–57.34</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6F2983FF297681F015F902" box="[159,1314,1726,1748]" gridrow="4" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6F2983FF297681F5FFF902" box="[159,200,1726,1748]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">BL</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FE1E7681F4C8F902" box="[424,511,1726,1748]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">23.19</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FD107681F7C9F902" box="[678,766,1726,1748]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">19.13</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FC137681F115F902" box="[933,1058,1726,1748]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">19–19.33</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FB157681F015F902" box="[1187,1314,1726,1748]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">16.65±1.23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6F2983FF2976D6F015F929" box="[159,1314,1769,1791]" gridrow="5" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FB1576D6F015F929" box="[1187,1314,1769,1791]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">15.35–17.82</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6F2983FF29772DF015F8FE" box="[159,1314,1810,1832]" gridrow="6" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6F2983FF29772DF5FFF8FE" box="[159,200,1810,1832]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">BW</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FE1E772DF4C8F8FE" box="[424,511,1810,1832]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">15.27</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FD10772DF7C9F8FE" box="[678,766,1810,1832]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">11.6</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FC13772DF115F8FE" box="[933,1058,1810,1832]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">11.51–11.81</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FB15772DF015F8FE" box="[1187,1314,1810,1832]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">9.44±1.18</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6F2983FF297703F015F884" box="[159,1314,1852,1874]" gridrow="7" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FB157703F015F884" box="[1187,1314,1852,1874]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">8.09–10.31</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6F2983FF29775AF015F8AD" box="[159,1314,1893,1915]" gridrow="8" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6F2983FF29775AF5FFF8AD" box="[159,200,1893,1915]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">BH</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FE1E775AF4C8F8AD" box="[424,511,1893,1915]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">12.9</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FD10775AF7C9F8AD" box="[678,766,1893,1915]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">9.58</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FC13775AF115F8AD" box="[933,1058,1893,1915]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">8.67–8.93</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FB15775AF015F8AD" box="[1187,1314,1893,1915]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">8.86±1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6F2983FF2977B1F015F872" box="[159,1314,1934,1956]" gridrow="9" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6F2983FB1577B1F015F872" box="[1187,1314,1934,1956]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">8.23–10.01</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6FD62DFBEA7787F0A5F818" blockId="81.[1116,1426,1976,1998]" box="[1116,1426,1976,1998]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<tableNote id="AA2A19D30B6FD62DFBEA7787F0A5F818" box="[1116,1426,1976,1998]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" targetBox="[159,1314,1558,1956]" targetPageId="81">......continued on the next page</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="03B348D50B6CD62EFF29709FF4AEFF60" box="[159,409,160,182]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6CD62EFF29709FF4AEFF60" blockId="82.[159,409,160,182]" box="[159,409,160,182]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6CD62EFF29709FF42EFF60" bold="true" box="[159,281,160,182]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">TABLE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
(Continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6CD62EFE1E70F6F186F8FA" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<table id="25CCEAFD0B6C2983FF2970F6F015F8FA" box="[159,1314,201,1836]" colsContinueFrom="81.[159,1314,1558,1956]" gridcols="5" gridrows="39" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2970F6F015FF09" box="[159,1314,201,223]" gridrow="0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E70F6F4C8FF09" box="[424,511,201,223]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Stage 36</th>
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD1070F6F7C9FF09" box="[678,766,201,223]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Stage 40</th>
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC1370F6F113FF09" box="[933,1060,201,223]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Stage 41</th>
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1570F6F015FF09" box="[1187,1314,201,223]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Stage 42</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2970CDF015FEDE" box="[159,1314,242,264]" gridrow="1" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E70CDF4C8FEDE" box="[424,511,242,264]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">(n=1)</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD1070CDF7C9FEDE" box="[678,766,242,264]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">(n=1)</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC1370CDF113FEDE" box="[933,1060,242,264]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">(n=2)</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1570CDF015FEDE" box="[1187,1314,242,264]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">(n=3)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297122F015FEE5" box="[159,1314,285,307]" gridrow="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF297122F5CFFEE5" box="[159,248,285,307]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">HWEL</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E7122F4C8FEE5" box="[424,511,285,307]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">11.66</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD107122F7C9FEE5" box="[678,766,285,307]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">9.7</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC137122F113FEE5" box="[933,1060,285,307]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">10.18–10.63</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157122F015FEE5" box="[1187,1314,285,307]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">10.32±0.85</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297179F015FE8A" box="[159,1314,326,348]" gridrow="3" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157179F015FE8A" box="[1187,1314,326,348]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">9.33–10.82</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF29714FF015FE50" box="[159,1314,368,390]" gridrow="4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF29714FF5CFFE50" box="[159,248,368,390]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">TAL</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E714FF4C8FE50" box="[424,511,368,390]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">35.04</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD10714FF7C9FE50" box="[678,766,368,390]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">35.89</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC13714FF113FE50" box="[933,1060,368,390]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">38.6–39.33</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB15714FF015FE50" box="[1187,1314,368,390]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">37.96±1.87</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2971A6F015FE79" box="[159,1314,409,431]" gridrow="5" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1571A6F015FE79" box="[1187,1314,409,431]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">35.89–39.52</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2971FDF015FE0E" box="[159,1314,450,472]" gridrow="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF2971FDF5CFFE0E" box="[159,248,450,472]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">TLP (%)</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E71FDF4C8FE0E" box="[424,511,450,472]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">60.18</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD1071FDF7C9FE0E" box="[678,766,450,472]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">65.23</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC1371FDF113FE0E" box="[933,1060,450,472]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">67.01–67.05</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1571FDF015FE0E" box="[1187,1314,450,472]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">69.52±0.57</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2971D3F015FDD4" box="[159,1314,492,514]" gridrow="7" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1571D3F015FDD4" box="[1187,1314,492,514]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">68.92–70.04</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF29722AF015FDFD" box="[159,1314,533,555]" gridrow="8" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF29722AF5CFFDFD" box="[159,248,533,555]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">MTH</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E722AF4C8FDFD" box="[424,511,533,555]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">12.32</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD10722AF7C9FDFD" box="[678,766,533,555]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">10.47</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC13722AF113FDFD" box="[933,1060,533,555]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">12.12–12.13</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB15722AF015FDFD" box="[1187,1314,533,555]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">11.08±0.64</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297201F015FD82" box="[159,1314,574,596]" gridrow="9" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157201F015FD82" box="[1187,1314,574,596]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">10.51–11.78</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297257F015FDA8" box="[159,1314,616,638]" gridrow="10" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF297257F5CFFDA8" box="[159,248,616,638]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">TMW</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E7257F4C8FDA8" box="[424,511,616,638]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.3</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD107257F7C9FDA8" box="[678,766,616,638]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.14</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC137257F113FDA8" box="[933,1060,616,638]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.22–4.68</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157257F015FDA8" box="[1187,1314,616,638]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.6±0.12</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2972AEF015FD71" box="[159,1314,657,679]" gridrow="11" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1572AEF015FD71" box="[1187,1314,657,679]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.49–4.73</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297285F015FD06" box="[159,1314,698,720]" gridrow="12" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF297285F5CFFD06" box="[159,248,698,720]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">TMH</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E7285F4C8FD06" box="[424,511,698,720]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.5</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD107285F7C9FD06" box="[678,766,698,720]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.29</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC137285F113FD06" box="[933,1060,698,720]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.91–5.18</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157285F015FD06" box="[1187,1314,698,720]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">5.55±0.54</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2972DBF015FD2C" box="[159,1314,740,762]" gridrow="13" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1572DBF015FD2C" box="[1187,1314,740,762]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.95–5.99</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297332F015FCF5" box="[159,1314,781,803]" gridrow="14" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF297332F5CFFCF5" box="[159,248,781,803]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">SND</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E7332F4C8FCF5" box="[424,511,781,803]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD107332F7C9FCF5" box="[678,766,781,803]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC137332F113FCF5" box="[933,1060,781,803]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.6–1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157332F015FCF5" box="[1187,1314,781,803]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.3±0.52</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297309F015FC9A" box="[159,1314,822,844]" gridrow="15" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157309F015FC9A" box="[1187,1314,822,844]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1–1.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF29735FF015FCA0" box="[159,1314,864,886]" gridrow="16" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF29735FF5CFFCA0" box="[159,248,864,886]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">IND</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E735FF4C8FCA0" box="[424,511,864,886]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">3.6</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD10735FF7C9FCA0" box="[678,766,864,886]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.73</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC13735FF113FCA0" box="[933,1060,864,886]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2–2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB15735FF015FCA0" box="[1187,1314,864,886]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.09±0.08</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2973B6F015FC49" box="[159,1314,905,927]" gridrow="17" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1573B6F015FC49" box="[1187,1314,905,927]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2–2.13</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF29738DF015FC1E" box="[159,1314,946,968]" gridrow="18" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF29738DF5CFFC1E" box="[159,248,946,968]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">END</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E738DF4C8FC1E" box="[424,511,946,968]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.9</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD10738DF7C9FC1E" box="[678,766,946,968]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.07</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC13738DF113FC1E" box="[933,1060,946,968]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.13–2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB15738DF015FC1E" box="[1187,1314,946,968]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.2±0.07</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2973E3F015FC24" box="[159,1314,988,1010]" gridrow="19" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1573E3F015FC24" box="[1187,1314,988,1010]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.13–2.27</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF29743AF015FBCD" box="[159,1314,1029,1051]" gridrow="20" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF29743AF5CFFBCD" box="[159,248,1029,1051]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">EL</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E743AF4C8FBCD" box="[424,511,1029,1051]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD10743AF7C9FBCD" box="[678,766,1029,1051]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.67</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC13743AF113FBCD" box="[933,1060,1029,1051]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.67–2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB15743AF015FBCD" box="[1187,1314,1029,1051]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.01±0.22</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297411F015FB92" box="[159,1314,1070,1092]" gridrow="21" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157411F015FB92" box="[1187,1314,1070,1092]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.87–2.27</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297467F015FBB8" box="[159,1314,1112,1134]" gridrow="22" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF297467F5CFFBB8" box="[159,248,1112,1134]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">EW</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E7467F4C8FBB8" box="[424,511,1112,1134]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD107467F7C9FBB8" box="[678,766,1112,1134]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.53</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC137467F113FBB8" box="[933,1060,1112,1134]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.73–1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157467F015FBB8" box="[1187,1314,1112,1134]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.77±0.12</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2974BEF015FB41" box="[159,1314,1153,1175]" gridrow="23" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1574BEF015FB41" box="[1187,1314,1153,1175]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.67–1.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297495F015FB16" box="[159,1314,1194,1216]" gridrow="24" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF297495F5CFFB16" box="[159,248,1194,1216]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">IOD</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E7495F4C8FB16" box="[424,511,1194,1216]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">7.1</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD107495F7C9FB16" box="[678,766,1194,1216]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">6.2</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC137495F113FB16" box="[933,1060,1194,1216]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">6.3–6.8</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157495F015FB16" box="[1187,1314,1194,1216]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">6.47±0.31</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2974EBF015FB3C" box="[159,1314,1236,1258]" gridrow="25" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1574EBF015FB3C" box="[1187,1314,1236,1258]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">6.2–6.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2974C2F015FAC5" box="[159,1314,1277,1299]" gridrow="26" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF2974C2F5CFFAC5" box="[159,248,1277,1299]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">VP</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E74C2F4C8FAC5" box="[424,511,1277,1299]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">52</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD1074C2F7C9FAC5" box="[678,766,1277,1299]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">50</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC1374C2F113FAC5" box="[933,1060,1277,1299]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">50–54</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1574C2F015FAC5" box="[1187,1314,1277,1299]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">43±2.65</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297519F015FAEA" box="[159,1314,1318,1340]" gridrow="27" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157519F015FAEA" box="[1187,1314,1318,1340]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">40–45</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF29756FF015FAB0" box="[159,1314,1360,1382]" gridrow="28" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF29756FF5CFFAB0" box="[159,248,1360,1382]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">DP right</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E756FF4C8FAB0" box="[424,511,1360,1382]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">17</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD10756FF7C9FAB0" box="[678,766,1360,1382]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">22</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC13756FF113FAB0" box="[933,1060,1360,1382]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">20–20</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB15756FF015FAB0" box="[1187,1314,1360,1382]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">18.67±3.21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297546F015FA59" box="[159,1314,1401,1423]" gridrow="29" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157546F015FA59" box="[1187,1314,1401,1423]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">15–21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2975F3F015FA34" box="[159,1314,1484,1506]" gridrow="30" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF2975F3F5CFFA34" box="[159,248,1484,1506]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">DP left</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E75F3F4C8FA34" box="[424,511,1484,1506]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">16</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD1075F3F7C9FA34" box="[678,766,1484,1506]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">23</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC1375F3F113FA34" box="[933,1060,1484,1506]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">20–21</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1575F3F015FA34" box="[1187,1314,1484,1506]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">17.67±0.58</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2975CAF015F9DD" box="[159,1314,1525,1547]" gridrow="31" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1575CAF015F9DD" box="[1187,1314,1525,1547]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">17–18</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297621F015F9E2" box="[159,1314,1566,1588]" gridrow="32" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF297621F5CFF9E2" box="[159,248,1566,1588]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">WOD</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E7621F4C8F9E2" box="[424,511,1566,1588]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">5.87</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD107621F7C9F9E2" box="[678,766,1566,1588]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.8</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC137621F113F9E2" box="[933,1060,1566,1588]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">5–5.1</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157621F015F9E2" box="[1187,1314,1566,1588]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.9±0.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297677F015F988" box="[159,1314,1608,1630]" gridrow="33" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157677F015F988" box="[1187,1314,1608,1630]" gridcol="4" gridrow="33" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">4.8–5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF29764EF015F951" box="[159,1314,1649,1671]" gridrow="34" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF29764EF5CFF951" box="[159,248,1649,1671]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">WUJ</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E764EF4C8F951" box="[424,511,1649,1671]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">3.67</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD10764EF7C9F951" box="[678,766,1649,1671]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC13764EF113F951" box="[933,1060,1649,1671]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">3.7</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB15764EF015F951" box="[1187,1314,1649,1671]" gridcol="4" gridrow="34" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2976A5F015F966" box="[159,1314,1690,1712]" gridrow="35" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF2976A5F5CFF966" box="[159,248,1690,1712]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">UJP (%)</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E76A5F4C8F966" box="[424,511,1690,1712]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">62.5</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD1076A5F7C9F966" box="[678,766,1690,1712]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">56.25</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC1376A5F113F966" box="[933,1060,1690,1712]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">74</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1576A5F015F966" box="[1187,1314,1690,1712]" gridcol="4" gridrow="35" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2976FBF015F90C" box="[159,1314,1732,1754]" gridrow="36" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF2976FBF5CFF90C" box="[159,248,1732,1754]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">SL</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E76FBF4C8F90C" box="[424,511,1732,1754]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.73</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD1076FBF7C9F90C" box="[678,766,1732,1754]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC1376FBF113F90C" box="[933,1060,1732,1754]" gridcol="3" gridrow="36" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.3–2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1576FBF015F90C" box="[1187,1314,1732,1754]" gridcol="4" gridrow="36" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF2976D2F015F8D5" box="[159,1314,1773,1795]" gridrow="37" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF2976D2F5CFF8D5" box="[159,248,1773,1795]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">SW</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E76D2F4C8F8D5" box="[424,511,1773,1795]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">3</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD1076D2F7C9F8D5" box="[678,766,1773,1795]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC1376D2F113F8D5" box="[933,1060,1773,1795]" gridcol="3" gridrow="37" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.6–1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB1576D2F015F8D5" box="[1187,1314,1773,1795]" gridcol="4" gridrow="37" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E9FC1A1F0B6C2983FF297729F015F8FA" box="[159,1314,1814,1836]" gridrow="38" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<th id="AA2D73630B6C2983FF297729F5CFF8FA" box="[159,248,1814,1836]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">VTL</th>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FE1E7729F4C8F8FA" box="[424,511,1814,1836]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.93</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FD107729F7C9F8FA" box="[678,766,1814,1836]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">3</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FC137729F113F8FA" box="[933,1060,1814,1836]" gridcol="3" gridrow="38" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">3</td>
|
||
<td id="AA2D73630B6C2983FB157729F015F8FA" box="[1187,1314,1814,1836]" gridcol="4" gridrow="38" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6CD62EFF717752F49EF826" blockId="82.[151,1436,1900,2032]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6CD62EFF717752F400F852" box="[199,311,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Variation of 28 meristic characters of tadpoles in Stages 36–42 (CJ 1949) are shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B6CD62EFA847753F0AFF852" box="[1330,1432,1900,1925]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="81.[151,239,1444,1467]" captionText="TABLE 10. Variation of 26 meristic characters of tadpoles in Stages 36–42 of Gastrotheca pseustes (CJ 1949). Values are given in mm, mean±standard deviations (first row) and ranges (second row), number of specimens in parentheses. See Materials and methods for character abreviations." pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Table 10</tableCitation>
|
||
. Total length varies between 55.0 (Stage 40) and 58.2 (Stage 36) and tail length proportion varies from 60% to 70% until Stage 42. Number of marginal papillae varies among specimens and Gosner stages; number of lower lip papillae is high (43–52).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6DD62FFF7170A7F103FE23" blockId="83.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
We documented changes in coloration during ontogenetic development of one, mostly pale brown individual (CJ 1953) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B6DD62FFEA07083F440FF03" box="[278,375,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 5. Live tadpoles of: (A) Gastrotheca cuencana (CJ 1945, Stage 37), from Cuenca, Azuay Province, (B) Gastrotheca litonedis (CJ 6813, Stage 37), from Laguna de Busa, San Fernando, Azuay Province, (C) Gastrotheca lojana (CJ 1948, Stage 35), from Oña, Azuay Province, (D) Gastrotheca elicioi (CJ 4312a, Stage 37), from Loja, Loja Province, (E) Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 1957, Stage 36), from Laguna Negra de Jimbura, Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja Province, and (F) Gastrotheca pseustes 1 (CJ 1949, Stage 37), from Chillacocha, El Oro Province. Scales = 3 mm (A–D, F) (E). Photos by LAC (A, C, E) and MAM (B, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627992/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figs. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B6DD62FFE357083F494FF03" box="[387,419,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1637,1659]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,553,1616]" captionTargetId="figure@83.[151,1436,553,1616]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 35. Ontogenetic changes in live Gastrotheca pseustes 1 (CJ 1953) from Chillacocha, El Oro Province, Ecuador. Stages of Gosner: (A) Stage 41, (B) Stage 45, and (C) Stage 46. Scale = 5 mm. Photos by LAC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628054/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">35</figureCitation>
|
||
). At Stage 41, the dorsum and flanks are yellowish-brown with a poorly defined pattern of brown-gray, elongated paravertebral marks and few blotches on dorsum of hind limbs. A diffuse brown-gray stripe borders the canthal and dorsolateral body, and is bordered above by a creamy-brown stripe. The iris has a reddishgold suffusion. By Stage 45, markings on the dorsum and flanks are better defined with brown markings darkest peripherally; scattered green ill-defined flecks are present on dorsum of head, limbs, and canthus rostralis; tip of fingers are yellowish-cream. At Stage 46, paravertebral green-brown markings on dorsum of body and green flecks on limbs are contrasting to surrounding light brown areas; flanks have a dark brown stripe. Color variation in 6 metamorphs (CJ 1949,
|
||
<date id="23723E9D0B6DD62FFE2D7188F737FE06" box="[411,512,439,464]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="1953" valueMax="1956">1953–56</date>
|
||
, QCAZ 45126) in Stage 46 is depicted in
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B6DD62FFC677188F177FE06" box="[977,1088,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1680]" captionTargetId="figure@80.[151,1436,481,1680]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 34. Metamorph (Stage 46 of Gosner) variation in live Gastrotheca pseustes 1 from Chillacocha, El Oro Province, Ecuador: (A) CJ 1954, (B) QCAZ 45126, (C) CJ 1955, (D) CJ 1953, (E) CJ 1956, and (E) from Chilla–Saraguro (CJ 1956). Not to scale. Photos by LAC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628052/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figure 34</figureCitation>
|
||
. They vary from dark brown to green with either well-defined paravertebral marks to a uniformly colored dorsum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="03B348D50B6DD62FFF21765AF168F94C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628054/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" startId="83.[151,250,1637,1659]" targetBox="[151,1436,553,1616]" targetPageId="83">
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6DD62FFF21765AF168F94C" blockId="83.[151,1437,1637,1690]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFF21765AF42BF9AD" bold="true" box="[151,284,1637,1659]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">FIGURE 35</emphasis>
|
||
. Ontogenetic changes in live
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFDEF765AF604F9AA" authorityName="Duellman & Hillis" authorityYear="1987" box="[601,819,1637,1660]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFDEF765AF604F9AA" box="[601,819,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1 (CJ 1953) from Chillacocha, El Oro Province, Ecuador. Stages of Gosner: (A) Stage 41, (B) Stage 45, and (C) Stage 46. Scale = 5 mm. Photos by LAC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6DD62FFF7176F8F4ABF845" blockId="83.[151,1436,1734,2012]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFF7176F8F453F908" box="[199,356,1735,1758]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
Tadpoles of
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFE4476F9F645F909" box="[498,882,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFE4476F9F7E8F909" authority="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman, 2019" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[498,735,1734,1759]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="pseustes">Gastrotheca pseustes</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7E8B79340B6DD62FFD5076F7F645F909" box="[742,882,1736,1759]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B6DD62FFC2B76F9F6E6F909" box="[925,977,1734,1759]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Loja</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B6DD62FFBB376F9F166F909" box="[1029,1105,1734,1759]" country="Ecuador" name="El Oro" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">El Oro</collectingRegion>
|
||
provinces) occur in sympatry with those of
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFE8776D3F483F8D5" box="[305,436,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFE8776D3F4A1F8D2" box="[305,406,1771,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elicioi">G. elicioi</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the Saraguro region and with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFCBF76D3F659F8D2" box="[777,878,1771,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elicioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFCBF76D3F659F8D2" box="[777,878,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. elicioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFCCA76D3F6D4F8D2" box="[892,995,1771,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFCCA76D3F6D4F8D2" box="[892,995,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFC4776D3F196F8D2" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1974" box="[1009,1185,1771,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychrophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFC4776D3F196F8D2" box="[1009,1185,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. psychrophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFB5676D3F048F8D5" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[1248,1407,1772,1795]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFB5676D3F048F8D5" box="[1248,1407,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Loja-Abra de
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFED7772FF48FF8F1" box="[353,440,1808,1831]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Zamora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="83" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Zamora</taxonomicName>
|
||
region.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFDA07731F632F8F1" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[534,773,1806,1831]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFDA07731F632F8F1" box="[534,773,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFC2B7730F135F8F1" box="[925,1026,1806,1831]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elicioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFC2B7730F135F8F1" box="[925,1026,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. elicioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by lacking a dorsal gray-pigmented fin that abruptly arises from the body; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFD1E770BF624F89A" box="[680,787,1843,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFD1E770BF624F89A" box="[680,787,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a reticulated pattern on flanks, and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFA32770BF420F8B9" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turnerorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFA32770BF420F8B9" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. turnerorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a less rounded tail terminus (compare in
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B6DD62FFCD07769F69DF8B9" box="[870,938,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[188,1382,215,1809]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 5. Live tadpoles of: (A) Gastrotheca cuencana (CJ 1945, Stage 37), from Cuenca, Azuay Province, (B) Gastrotheca litonedis (CJ 6813, Stage 37), from Laguna de Busa, San Fernando, Azuay Province, (C) Gastrotheca lojana (CJ 1948, Stage 35), from Oña, Azuay Province, (D) Gastrotheca elicioi (CJ 4312a, Stage 37), from Loja, Loja Province, (E) Gastrotheca turnerorum (CJ 1957, Stage 36), from Laguna Negra de Jimbura, Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja Province, and (F) Gastrotheca pseustes 1 (CJ 1949, Stage 37), from Chillacocha, El Oro Province. Scales = 3 mm (A–D, F) (E). Photos by LAC (A, C, E) and MAM (B, D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627992/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). For
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFC597768F197F8B9" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1974" box="[1007,1184,1878,1903]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychrophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFC597768F197F8B9" box="[1007,1184,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. psychrophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see remarks under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFA327768F5EAF842" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elicioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFA327768F5EAF842" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">G. elicioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tadpole account.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6DD628FF7177A1F6F1FDCE" blockId="83.[151,1436,1734,2012]" lastBlockId="84.[151,1437,151,824]" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFF7177A1F456F860" bold="true" box="[199,353,1950,1975]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Vocalization.</emphasis>
|
||
Four individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6DD62FFDF277A1F606F861" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[580,817,1950,1975]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6DD62FFDF277A1F606F861" box="[580,817,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were recorded from three locations in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B6DD62FFB5777A1F048F861" box="[1249,1407,1950,1975]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Loja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
(2 individuals from Bosque Washapamba, one from Vía Urdaneta-Tutupali, and 1 from Cerro de Arcos; see Appendix III). Because of the taxonomic problems related to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FCA870A7F6A7FF66" box="[798,912,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseuste">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FCA870A7F6A7FF66" box="[798,912,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. pseuste</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s complex we decided to use for the present analysis only the recordings obtained from populations situated nearby the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8877A6FF0B6AD628FBB27082F103FF03" box="[1028,1076,189,213]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, south of the Jubones- Girón river valley in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9508D6BF0B6AD628FE3570E0F716FF2E" box="[387,545,223,248]" country="Ecuador" name="Loja" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Loja Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FDD770DFF7EAFF2E" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[609,733,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FDD770DFF7EAFF2E" box="[609,733,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1). Descriptive statistics of the acoustic variables are provided in
|
||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B6AD628FF02713BF43DFECB" box="[180,266,260,285]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="30.[147,228,515,536]" captionText="TABLE 5. Quantitative description of the advertisement calls (mean±SD, range) of the Gastrotheca species from Southern Ecuador. See text for details." pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
. The advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FD8B713AF78EFECA" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[573,697,261,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FD8B713AF78EFECA" box="[573,697,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a complex call, composed of one to five long pulsed notes and followed (or not) by one to six short, single-pulsed notes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CFF704D80B6AD628FCAC7118F65DFE96" box="[794,874,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1272,1294]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,203,1238]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,193,1251]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 23. Advertisement calls of Gastrotheca yacuri (A–G) and G. pseustes (H–N): (A) oscillogram of three consecutive calls, with the first call composed of two long notes and the next two calls composed of two long and two short notes, (B) oscillogram of a single long note, (C) spectrogram of a single long note, (D) power spectrum of a single long note, (E) oscillogram of a single short note, (F) spectrogram of a single short note, (G) power spectrum of a single short note, (H) oscillogram of two consecutive calls, with the first call composed of one long and five short notes and the next call composed of two long and five short notes, (I) oscillogram of a single long note, (J) spectrogram of a single long note, (K) power spectrum of a single long note, (L) oscillogram of a single short note, (M) spectrogram of a single short note, (N) power spectrum of a single short note. All spectrograms at Hanning window function, 512 bands resolution. See text for details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2628030/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
H–N). The long note had a mean duration of
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6AD628FAEB7117F595FEB2" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="55" value="-0.878">0.878 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(SD = 0.188) and consisted on average of 32.72 (SD = 6.867) distinct pulses, partly fused, without silent intervals (amplitude modulation close but less than 100%). The amplitude of the long note increases gradually towards the end of the note after which it decreases a little by the end. The short notes had a mean duration of
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6AD628FB4A71ABF078FE7A" box="[1276,1359,404,428]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="55" value="-0.08">0.080 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(SD = 0.046) and the inter-note interval is on average of
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="32F87E9A0B6AD628FD747188F624FE19" box="[706,787,439,464]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="55" value="-0.795">0.795 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(SD = 0.502). The mean dominant frequency of the call is 1359.0 Hz (SD = 37.981), with a mean 90% bandwidth of 1043.2–1483.4 Hz. The fundamental frequency is usually recognizable; when visible, 6 to 7 harmonics are distinguishable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5773185D0B6AD628FF71721AF079FCEE" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FF71721AF452FDEA" box="[199,357,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Comparisons:</emphasis>
|
||
The advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FD11721BF6AEFDEA" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[679,921,548,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FD11721BF6AEFDEA" box="[679,921,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Gastrotheca pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to that of
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FB6E721AF07EFDEA" box="[1240,1353,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FB6E721AF071FDEA" box="[1240,1350,549,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">G. yacuri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FA32721AF5C3FDB6" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FA32721AF5C3FDB6" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a much longer call duration, longer long notes duration, longer inter-note interval a lower dominant frequency and a lower 90% bandwidth frequency compared with the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FC407252F169FD52" box="[1014,1118,621,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FC407252F169FD52" box="[1014,1118,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. yacuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B6AD628FBDB7253F1F2FD53" box="[1133,1221,620,645]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="30.[147,228,515,536]" captionText="TABLE 5. Quantitative description of the advertisement calls (mean±SD, range) of the Gastrotheca species from Southern Ecuador. See text for details." pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
). Also,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FAA97252F0ABFD52" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[1311,1436,621,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FAA97252F0ABFD52" box="[1311,1436,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually emits 4–6 short notes compared with the only two short notes that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FC5472AFF17DFD7E" box="[994,1098,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yacuri">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FC5472AFF17DFD7E" box="[994,1098,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. yacuri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
emits. The call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FAA972AFF0ABFD7E" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" box="[1311,1436,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FAA972AFF0ABFD7E" box="[1311,1436,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily distinguished from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FDE2728AF78DFD1B" box="[596,698,692,717]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FDE2728AF78DFD1B" box="[596,698,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FD46728AF6B6FD1B" baseAuthorityName="Jiménez de la Espada" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[752,897,692,717]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="testudinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FD46728AF6B6FD1B" box="[752,897,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. testudinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the amplitude modulation of the longer note, much longer call duration, lower short note rate, longer long notes duration, longer inter-note interval, larger number of pulses, higher pulse rate, a higher dominant frequency, and higher 90% bandwidth frequency. Also,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FA3272C2F5C3FCEE" authorityName="Carvajal-Endara & Coloma & Morales-Mite & Guayasamin & Székely & Duellman" authorityYear="2019" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseustes">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FA3272C2F5C3FCEE" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. pseustes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
emits a larger number of long and short notes compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FC1A731FF124FCEE" box="[940,1043,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lojana">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FC1A731FF124FCEE" box="[940,1043,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. lojana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="90CC63DE0B6AD628FBFF731FF1ECFCEE" baseAuthorityName="Jiménez de la Espada" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1097,1243,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="testudinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="65B8C44F0B6AD628FBFF731FF1ECFCEE" box="[1097,1243,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">G. testudinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="1A4E2DE60B6AD628FB5F7320F077FCEE" box="[1257,1344,799,824]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="30.[147,228,515,536]" captionText="TABLE 5. Quantitative description of the advertisement calls (mean±SD, range) of the Gastrotheca species from Southern Ecuador. See text for details." pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |