treatments-xml/data/89/33/87/8933879AFFBDF127FF10DF6DB078B3EA.xml
2024-06-21 12:43:03 +02:00

616 lines
73 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="50C702DEE2BA33846EC46EFEBB8B0612" ID-CLB-Dataset="46701" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.202383" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c80ecb6c-48b3-4f5d-ba2c-4eb43438affa" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="202383" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460366821249" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Silva, Gabriel S. C. &amp; Benine, Ricardo C." docDate="2011" docId="8933879AFFBDF127FF10DF6DB078B3EA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02911p056.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2911" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Tetragonopterus anostomus Silva &amp; Benine, 2011, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="750AFFE2FFBCF122FF87DC2FB23DB72E" masterDocTitle="A new species of Tetragonopterus Cuvier, 1816 (Characiformes, Characidae, Tetragonopterinae) from the upper rio Araguaia, Central Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="50" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1698295292293" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="FFF025648AA6093D7ED88265347729E6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="07E52301385E3D11F42A87BC06218A6A">
<mods:title id="F82F1A8294AB152321505CB5485A0D17">A new species of Tetragonopterus Cuvier, 1816 (Characiformes, Characidae, Tetragonopterinae) from the upper rio Araguaia, Central Brazil</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C2BC093ED17FB9A9964E9BB8C11DA99C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7EC611855D67B8D64576C009708AAD4E">
<mods:roleTerm id="BEC5ACB4C608890D2BD01C57247BDEFD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BDAABF6D568D451F6D016D11453296E4">Silva, Gabriel S. C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="191E3E5DF22AF06017E4CC3AF3EFD4CD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2777927BC624AAB9765610B42377DC91">
<mods:roleTerm id="39A433CBB20A5F22DFE82F2E89D7E78D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="424E01EFB001A11A8480072429E407BB">Benine, Ricardo C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="6CD8BA281A59A008890A22ACBA596F7E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="280C8A8A66C451A21DC953FB5F7FEF5F" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="099E2A7DD2EB36BCEAFEC7D303BEA13C">
<mods:title id="B8CE10D9894068294DD418591A9F66A8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="BFCE5837F838EB8064D327EBC0F91688">
<mods:date id="BCCAA23A715DA9F7D85A100AFC6FF423">2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="EC98D2F6A8D7C5B2A0CC3C6A5367502D" type="volume">
<mods:number id="7283CDAF5968741CC976DEAD16260295">2911</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="11BB749C23ECF63E545E437B78BFC209" unit="page">
<mods:start id="46470D6BBCE0C22BF08235DD0CF23C81">50</mods:start>
<mods:end id="CC96D4A39D8872E629338A13423B3A45">56</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="B008FA30B9AA9E61128E1D62519B0344">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="EA0679B52DFD437B3C4C147961F1B4A2" type="CLB-Dataset">46701</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7486416576C51C21E165E669C0D632DD" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.202383</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="741AE289812DC1EDE034CE64C363EAF3" type="GBIF-Dataset">c80ecb6c-48b3-4f5d-ba2c-4eb43438affa</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C6D096F4D56D3DE7042B92B3414DA357" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D69FBF022AC04E4F8F3F2B8EA43D33BA" type="Zenodo-Dep">202383</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="8933879AFFBDF127FF10DF6DB078B3EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5667128" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119410976" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5667128" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8933879AFFBDF127FF10DF6DB078B3EA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8933879AFFBDF127FF10DF6DB078B3EA" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<subSubSection id="49806507FFBDF123FF10DF6DB35DB453" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0125368CFFBDF123FF10DF6DB0B9B472" blockId="1.[151,644,834,893]" box="[151,644,834,860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<heading id="5A6D81E0FFBDF123FF10DF6DB0B9B472" bold="true" box="[151,644,834,860]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" reason="1">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBDF123FF10DF6DB0B9B472" bold="true" box="[151,644,834,860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBDF123FF10DF6DB3D8B472" box="[151,485,834,860]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anostomus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBDF123FF10DF6DB3D8B472" bold="true" box="[151,485,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Tetragonopterus anostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="28DD57E5FFBDF123FE72DF6DB0B9B472" box="[501,644,834,860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0125368CFFBDF123FF10DF4AB35DB453" blockId="1.[151,644,834,893]" box="[151,352,869,893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<tableCitation id="4C180337FFBDF123FF10DF4AB2D4B453" box="[151,233,869,893]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,232,1246]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data of Tetragonopterus anostomus sp. n. Range includes holotype and 24 paratypes. SD = standard" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/55E56604FFBFF121FF10DCB7B7A1B780" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" tableUuid="55E56604FFBFF121FF10DCB7B7A1B780">Table 1</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="99A12A09FFBDF123FF7FDF4AB35DB453" box="[248,352,869,893]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="1.[151,250,1981,2004]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,250,980,1003]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,1434,1969]" captionTargetBox-1="[241,1339,227,922]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[151,1436,1423,1969]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[223,1363,193,959]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Tetragonopterus anostomus sp. n., Holotype, MZUSP 108957, 45.4 mm SL, Rio Preto, Nova Crixás, Goiás, Brazil." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Upper jaw in left lateral view of: A— Tetragonopterus anostomus sp. n., LBP 7687, 32.5 mm SL, Paratype; B— Tetragonopterus argenteus, LBP 3758, 48.1 mm SL; C— Tetragonopterus rarus, LIRP 4928, 47.5 mm SL; D— Tetragonopterus carvalhoi, LBP 5376, 36.07 mm SL; E— Tetragonopterus chalceus, MZUSP 35017, 49.4 mm SL." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/202384/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/202385/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Figs. 12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49806507FFBDF123FF10DF82B00BB37B" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0125368CFFBDF123FF10DF82B738B4C7" blockId="1.[151,1437,941,1397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBDF123FF10DF82B336B4EB" bold="true" box="[151,267,941,965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<typeStatus id="DE21882EFFBDF123FF10DF82B33BB4EB" box="[151,262,941,965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFBDF123FE90DF82B349B4EB" box="[279,372,941,965]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">MZUSP</collectionCode>
108957,
<quantity id="C6629B69FFBDF123FE6FDF82B06DB4EB" box="[488,592,941,965]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.54" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="45.4">45.4 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingCountry id="798D761CFFBDF123FD16DF82B0E7B4EB" box="[657,730,941,965]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Goiás state, Nova Crixás, rio Preto, rio Araguaia basin,
<geoCoordinate id="64AE504BFFBDF123FA0BDF82B331B4C7" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" precision="15" value="-14.371667">S 14°2218”</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="64AE504BFFBDF123FE94DFFDB384B4C7" box="[275,441,977,1001]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" precision="15" value="-50.653614">W 050°3913”</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="7524104CFFBDF123FE42DFFEB072B4C7" box="[453,591,977,1001]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" value="2005-07-26">26 jul. 2005</date>
, L. S. Souza, M. R. S. Melo, C. C. Chamon, and L. M. Sousa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0125368CFFBDF123FF42DFDAB00BB37B" blockId="1.[151,1437,941,1397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBDF123FF42DFDAB379B323" bold="true" box="[197,324,1013,1037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<typeStatus id="DE21882EFFBDF123FF42DFDAB302B323" box="[197,319,1013,1037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFBDF123FECBDFDAB394B323" box="[332,425,1013,1037]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">MZUSP</collectionCode>
89295, 5, 34.841.0, mm SL. Collected with
<typeStatus id="DE21882EFFBDF123FC33DFDAB627B323" box="[948,1050,1013,1037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. LBP 7687, 17, 34.638.9, 2 c&amp;s, 32.534.0 mm SL,
<collectingCountry id="798D761CFFBDF123FEF5D836B386B31F" box="[370,443,1049,1073]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Goiás, Cocalinho, Lagoa marginal of rio Araguaia, rio Araguaia basin,
<geoCoordinate id="64AE504BFFBDF123FB6AD836B744B31F" box="[1261,1401,1049,1073]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" precision="15" value="-14.376667">S 14°2236”</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="64AE504BFFBDF123FA05D835B31EB37B" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" precision="1" value="-50.669003">W 50°4008.4”</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="7524104CFFBDF123FEA8D811B3A0B37B" box="[303,413,1085,1109]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" value="2009-09">sep. 2009</date>
, J. Senhorini.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49806507FFBDF123FF42D84EB0ECB25B" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0125368CFFBDF123FF42D84EB0ECB25B" blockId="1.[151,1437,941,1397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBDF123FF42D84EB302B354" bold="true" box="[197,319,1121,1146]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBDF123FEC2D84DB041B357" box="[325,636,1122,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anostomus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBDF123FEC2D84DB041B357" box="[325,636,1122,1145]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Tetragonopterus anostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from congeners by having a superior mouth (vs. terminal mouth) with relatively smaller and numerous teeth in the inner row of premaxilla (57 vs. always 5, respectively) and dentary (5 vs. 4, respectively), and by the number of gill rakers on the lower limb (1819 vs. 1214 respectively) of the first branchial arch. Additionally,
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBDF123FC86D8E1B1AAB3CB" box="[769,919,1230,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anostomus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBDF123FC86D8E1B1AAB3CB" box="[769,919,1230,1253]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">T. anostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from congeners by having a comparatively enlarged maxilla (see
<figureCitation id="99A12A09FFBDF123FDBAD8DEB0BDB227" box="[573,640,1265,1289]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,980,1003]" captionTargetBox="[241,1339,227,922]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[223,1363,193,959]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Upper jaw in left lateral view of: A— Tetragonopterus anostomus sp. n., LBP 7687, 32.5 mm SL, Paratype; B— Tetragonopterus argenteus, LBP 3758, 48.1 mm SL; C— Tetragonopterus rarus, LIRP 4928, 47.5 mm SL; D— Tetragonopterus carvalhoi, LBP 5376, 36.07 mm SL; E— Tetragonopterus chalceus, MZUSP 35017, 49.4 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202385/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
for complete comparison).
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBDF123FC47D8DDB6C4B227" box="[960,1273,1266,1289]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anostomus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBDF123FC47D8DDB6C4B227" box="[960,1273,1266,1289]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Tetragonopterus anostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBDF123FEBED939B3FBB203" box="[313,454,1302,1325]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argenteus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBDF123FEBED939B3FBB203" box="[313,454,1302,1325]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">T. argenteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the number of predorsal scales (8 vs. 1217, respectively); from
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBDF123FB6AD939B774B203" box="[1261,1353,1302,1325]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rarus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBDF123FB6AD939B774B203" box="[1261,1353,1302,1325]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">T. rarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of dark stripes on the lateral surface of the body (vs. presence), and from
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBDF123FBAED915B68DB27F" box="[1065,1200,1337,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBDF123FBAED915B68DB27F" box="[1065,1200,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">T. carvalhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a rounded spot vs. a lozenge-shaped spot on caudal peduncle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="55E56604FFBDF123FF10DB92B28AB0DC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202384/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[151,1436,1434,1969]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="0125368CFFBDF123FF10DB92B28AB0DC" blockId="1.[151,1436,1981,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBDF123FF10DB92B32EB0FD" bold="true" box="[151,275,1981,2004]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBDF123FE9DDB90B00EB0FA" box="[282,563,1983,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anostomus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBDF123FE9DDB90B00EB0FA" box="[282,563,1983,2004]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Tetragonopterus anostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="28DD57E5FFBDF123FDBDDB91B04EB0FD" box="[570,627,1982,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" rank="species">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBDF123FDBDDB91B04EB0FD" bold="true" box="[570,627,1982,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Holotype, MZUSP 108957, 45.4 mm SL, Rio Preto, Nova Crixás, Goiás, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="55E56604FFBEF120FF10DFFBB73BB309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202385/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" targetBox="[241,1339,227,922]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="0125368CFFBEF120FF10DFFBB73BB309" blockId="2.[151,1436,980,1064]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBEF120FF10DFFBB32EB4C7" bold="true" box="[151,275,980,1003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Upper jaw in left lateral view of: A—
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBEF120FD27DFFAB187B4C4" box="[672,954,981,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anostomus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBEF120FD27DFFAB187B4C4" box="[672,954,981,1002]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Tetragonopterus anostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="28DD57E5FFBEF120FC46DFFAB1C6B4C4" box="[961,1019,981,1002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" rank="species">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBEF120FC46DFFAB1C6B4C4" bold="true" box="[961,1019,981,1002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, LBP 7687, 32.5 mm SL, Paratype; B—
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBEF120FF10DFDBB392B327" box="[151,431,1012,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argenteus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBEF120FF10DFDBB392B327" box="[151,431,1012,1033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Tetragonopterus argenteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, LBP 3758, 48.1 mm SL; C—
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBEF120FC90DFDBB63EB327" box="[791,1027,1012,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rarus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBEF120FC90DFDBB63EB327" box="[791,1027,1012,1033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Tetragonopterus rarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, LIRP 4928, 47.5 mm SL; D—
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBEF120FAF2DFDBB3BBB309" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBEF120FAF2DFDBB3BBB309" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Tetragonopterus carvalhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, LBP 5376, 36.07 mm SL; E—
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBEF120FD4FD83CB1F0B309" box="[712,973,1041,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalceus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBEF120FD4FD83CB1F0B309" box="[712,973,1041,1064]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Tetragonopterus chalceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, MZUSP 35017, 49.4 mm SL.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="49806507FFBEF121FF42D87BB016B18C" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph id="0125368CFFBEF120FF42D87BB6D1B0E2" blockId="2.[151,1437,1108,1996]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBEF120FF42D87BB36BB343" bold="true" box="[197,342,1108,1133]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometric data of
<typeStatus id="DE21882EFFBEF120FDEED87BB0F6B342" box="[617,715,1108,1132]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="DE21882EFFBEF120FC8ED87AB149B343" box="[777,884,1109,1133]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are summarized in
<tableCitation id="4C180337FFBEF120FBE6D87BB685B342" box="[1121,1208,1108,1132]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,232,1246]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data of Tetragonopterus anostomus sp. n. Range includes holotype and 24 paratypes. SD = standard" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/55E56604FFBFF121FF10DCB7B7A1B780" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" tableUuid="55E56604FFBFF121FF10DCB7B7A1B780">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Body compressed, moderately elongated in lateral view. Greatest depth on dorsal-fin origin. Preventral and predorsal area keeled. Dorsal profile slightly convex between tip of snout and vertical through midhalf of orbit; slightly concave from this point to end of occipital process; convex from this point to base of dorsal-fin origin; slightly convex at limits of dorsal and adipose fins. Ventral profile: smoothly convex from snout to slightly behind pectoral-fin origin; convex from that point to anal-fin origin; straight until base of anal fin. Caudal peduncle with dorsal and ventral profiles nearly concave. Snout shorter than orbital diameter. Superior mouth. Upper and lower jaw with similar size. Maxilla straight, aligned at angle of approximately 90 degrees to longitudinal body axis. Premaxilla with two-tooth rows. Both inner and outer rows with relatively small teeth, Outer row with 4* (3), 5 (11), 6 (10) and 7 (1), tricuspid teeth with central cusp slightly longer. Inner row with 5 (4), 6 (19) and 7* (2) tricuspid and pentacuspid teeth with central cusp twice as long and broader than other cusps. Maxilla with 2 (8), 3* (8), 4 (9) conic to tricuspid teeth. Dentary with 5* (13) or 6 (12) tricuspid and pentacuspid anteriormost teeth, followed by 1011 (2 c&amp;s) smaller conical teeth with similar size, all backward inclined. Dorsal-fin rays ii,9* (25). First unbranched ray smaller than second one. Dorsal-fin origin anterior to middle body; distal border elongated. Dorsal-fin pterygiophores 10 (2 c&amp;s). Anal-fin rays v,26 (1) v,27* (4), v,28 (3), v,29 (8) and v,30 (9); anterior rays usually slightly longer than posterior ones. Anal-fin origin at vertical through base of nine or ten branched dorsal-fin rays. Anal-fin pterygiophores 2829 (2 c&amp;s). Pelvic-fin rays i,7* (25). Pelvic-fin origin anterior to vertical line through dorsal-fin origin; distal border elongated; tip reaching anal-fin origin. Pectoral-fin i,11 (1) i,12* (16), i,13 (7) and i,14 (1). Caudal fin forked, with i,17,1 rays (2 c&amp;s). Dorsal procurrent rays 1314 (2 c&amp;s) and ventral procurrent rays 9 (2 c&amp;s). Cycloid scales large. Lateral line complete and distinctly ventrally curved anteriorly. Scales in longitudinal series 29 (4), 30 (3), 31 (12) and 32* (6). Scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 6 (13) and 7* (12); scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 3* (15) and 4 (10). Scale rows around caudal peduncle 12 (7), 13* (14) and 14 (4). Anal fin base with one scale row, caudal-fin with scales covering part of the lobes. Precaudal vertebrae 8 (2 c&amp;s), intermediate vertebrae 2 (2 c&amp;s) and caudal vertebrae 16 (2 c&amp;s). Supraneural 3 (2 c&amp;s). Lower gill-rakers on first arch 17* (8), 18 (10) and 19 (04); upper gill-rakers on first arch 11* (22).
</paragraph>
<caption id="55E56604FFBFF121FF10DCB7B7A1B780" ID-Table-UUID="55E56604FFBFF121FF10DCB7B7A1B780" box="[151,1436,152,174]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/55E56604FFBFF121FF10DCB7B7A1B780" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[151,1436,232,1246]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="0125368CFFBFF121FF10DCB7B7A1B780" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,204]" box="[151,1436,152,174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBFF121FF10DCB7B339B783" bold="true" box="[151,260,152,173]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphometric data of
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBFF121FE77DCB6B137B780" box="[496,778,153,174]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anostomus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBFF121FE77DCB6B137B780" box="[496,778,153,174]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Tetragonopterus anostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="28DD57E5FFBFF121FC97DCB7B174B783" box="[784,841,152,173]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" rank="species">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBFF121FC97DCB7B174B783" bold="true" box="[784,841,152,173]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Range includes holotype and 24 paratypes. SD = standard
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0125368CFFBFF121FF10DC99B2C0B7E2" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,204]" box="[151,253,182,204]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">deviation.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0125368CFFBFF121FF19DD3EB70AB3F0" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
<table id="739AC42CFFBF0EDDFF10DCC7B7A1B3F0" box="[151,1436,232,1246]" gridcols="4" gridrows="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
<tr id="BFAA34CEFFBF0EDDFF10DCC7B7A1B657" box="[151,1436,232,377]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
<th id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFF10DCC7B028B657" box="[151,533,232,377]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Standard length (mm) Percentage of standard length Greatest depth</th>
<th id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFD3ADCC7B1E9B657" box="[701,980,232,377]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Holotype Range 45.4 32.545.4 45.4 44.749.8</th>
<th id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFBE6DCC7B6A6B657" box="[1121,1179,232,377]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Mean 46.8</th>
<th id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFA8CDCC7B7A1B657" box="[1291,1436,232,377]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">SD 1.57</th>
</tr>
<tr id="BFAA34CEFFBF0EDDFF10DDA2B7A1B6E2" box="[151,1436,397,460]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
<th id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFF10DDA2B028B6E2" box="[151,533,397,460]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Snout to dorsal-fin origin Snout to pectoral-fin origin</th>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFD3ADDA2B1E9B6E2" box="[701,980,397,460]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">48.2 47.153.3 32.0 28.934.2</td>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFBE6DDA2B6A6B6E2" box="[1121,1179,397,460]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">52.6 29.4</td>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFA8CDDA2B7A1B6E2" box="[1291,1436,397,460]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">1.2 1.16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BFAA34CEFFBF0EDDFF10DDCFB7A1B55F" box="[151,1436,480,625]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
<th id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFF10DDCFB028B55F" box="[151,533,480,625]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Snout to pelvic-fin origin Snout to anal-fin origin Caudal peduncle depth Caudal peduncle length</th>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFD3ADDCFB1E9B55F" box="[701,980,480,625]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">51.6 48.753.1 67.3 64.068.5 10.5 9.312.6 8.9 8.511.9</td>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFBE6DDCFB6A6B55F" box="[1121,1179,480,625]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">49.8 65.4 10.8 9.5</td>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFA8CDDCFB7A1B55F" box="[1291,1436,480,625]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">1.09 1.31 0.81 0.80</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BFAA34CEFFBF0EDDFF10DEAAB7A1B5EA" box="[151,1436,645,708]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
<th id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFF10DEAAB028B5EA" box="[151,533,645,708]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Pectoral fin length Pelvic fin length</th>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFD3ADEAAB1E9B5EA" box="[701,980,645,708]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">26.4 23.227.7 21.1 18.521.7</td>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFBE6DEAAB6A6B5EA" box="[1121,1179,645,708]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">25.2 19.7</td>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFA8CDEAAB7A1B5EA" box="[1291,1436,645,708]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">1.25 1.08</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BFAA34CEFFBF0EDDFF10DEF7B7A1B447" box="[151,1436,728,873]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
<th id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFF10DEF7B028B447" box="[151,533,728,873]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Dorsal fin length Dorsal fin base Anal fin length Anal fin base</th>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFD3ADEF7B1E9B447" box="[701,980,728,873]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">39.2 34.842.2 17.7 15.118.0 15.9 15.925.8 35.9 32.836.3</td>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFBE6DEF7B6A6B447" box="[1121,1179,728,873]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">37.6 16.6 23.8 33.8</td>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFA8CDEF7B7A1B447" box="[1291,1436,728,873]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">1.57 1.02 0.84 0.98</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BFAA34CEFFBF0EDDFF10DF52B7A1B492" box="[151,1436,893,956]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
<th id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFF10DF52B028B492" box="[151,533,893,956]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Eye to dorsal fin origin Dorsal fin origin to caudal fin origin</th>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFD3ADF52B1E9B492" box="[701,980,893,956]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">46.1 45.250.7 50.6 49.558.3</td>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFBE6DF52B6A6B492" box="[1121,1179,893,956]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">50.1 56.3</td>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFA8CDF52B7A1B492" box="[1291,1436,893,956]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">1.10 1.52</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BFAA34CEFFBF0EDDFF10DFFFB7A1B34F" box="[151,1436,976,1121]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
<th id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFF10DFFFB028B34F" box="[151,533,976,1121]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Head length Head depth Percentage of head length Snout length</th>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFD3ADFFFB1E9B34F" box="[701,980,976,1121]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">30.6 28.431.4 27.2 24.328.6 11.8 9.514.3</td>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFBE6DFFFB6A6B34F" box="[1121,1179,976,1121]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">29.0 26.0 10.4</td>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFA8CDFFFB7A1B34F" box="[1291,1436,976,1121]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">0.46 0.63 0.69</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BFAA34CEFFBF0EDDFF10D85AB7A1B39A" box="[151,1436,1141,1204]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
<th id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFF10D85AB028B39A" box="[151,533,1141,1204]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Maxillary length Horizontal orbital diameter</th>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFD3AD85AB1E9B39A" box="[701,980,1141,1204]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">49.0 43.851.3 50.8 48.652.9</td>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFBE6D85AB6A6B39A" box="[1121,1179,1141,1204]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">50.5 50.5</td>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFA8CD85AB7A1B39A" box="[1291,1436,1141,1204]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">1.64 1.06</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BFAA34CEFFBF0EDDFF10D8E7B7A1B3F0" box="[151,1436,1224,1246]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
<th id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFF10D8E7B028B3F0" box="[151,533,1224,1246]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Least interorbital width</th>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFD3AD8E7B1E9B3F0" box="[701,980,1224,1246]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">29.8 27.933.6</td>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFBE6D8E7B6A6B3F0" box="[1121,1179,1224,1246]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">30.8</td>
<td id="FC7B5DB2FFBF0EDDFA8CD8E7B7A1B3F0" box="[1291,1436,1224,1246]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">1.46</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0125368CFFBFF121FF42D90DB387B2AC" blockId="3.[151,1437,1314,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBFF121FF42D90DB385B215" bold="true" box="[197,440,1314,1339]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
Bony hooks on anal and pelvic fins, a sexually dimorphic feature widespread among
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBFF121FF10D969B0FCB270" authority="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman, 2003" authorityName="Malabarba &amp; Weitzman" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,705,1350,1374]" class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Characiformes (Malabarba &amp; Weitzman, 2003)</taxonomicName>
and known for
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBFF121FC0BD967B71FB270" authority="Ricardo et al., 1998" authorityName="Ricardo et al." authorityYear="1998" box="[908,1314,1350,1375]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalceus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBFF121FC0BD967B630B270" box="[908,1037,1350,1375]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">T. chalceus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="650B4B7DFFBFF121FBA3D969B727B270" author="Ricardo" box="[1060,1306,1350,1375]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" refString="Ricardo, M. C. P., Rizzo, E., Sato, Y. &amp; Bazzoli, N. (1998) Analise histologica da reproducao de Tetragonopterus chalceus Agassiz, 1829 (Pisces: Characidae) na represa Tres Marias, Minas Gerais. Bios, 6 (6), 113 - 120." type="journal article" year="1998">
Ricardo
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBFF121FB0BD967B6FEB270" box="[1164,1219,1350,1375]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
., 1998
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, were not observed in
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBFF121FEA7D943B38EB2AD" box="[288,435,1388,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anostomus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBFF121FEA7D943B38EB2AD" box="[288,435,1388,1411]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">T. anostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0125368CFFBFF121FF42D9A1B016B18C" blockId="3.[151,1437,1314,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBFF121FF42D9A1B3B7B289" bold="true" box="[197,394,1422,1447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Color in alcohol.</emphasis>
General body color yellowish. Dorsal portion of head and body dark pigmented. Dorsolateral portion of body with few points of chromatophores on distal edges of scales, scales of ventrolateral portion without pigmentation. Two conspicuous vertical dark marks on humeral region. Anterior humeral mark more evident than posterior humeral mark. Anterior humeral mark, located over four horizontal scales row above lateral line, posterior humeral mark very poor, with cromatophores very scattered. Caudal peduncle with a rounded dark spot. Silver stripe in the medial region of the body, going from the top edge of the opercule to the caudal peduncle. Anal, pelvic, and dorsal fin hyaline, with chromathophores concentrated at the ends of the rays. Adipose fin hyaline. Opercular and infra-orbitals bones silver.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49806507FFBFF121FF42DA81B67DB1C4" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0125368CFFBFF121FF42DA81B67DB1C4" blockId="3.[151,1437,1314,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBFF121FF42DA81B363B1E9" bold="true" box="[197,350,1710,1735]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known from the
<typeStatus id="DE21882EFFBFF121FDAEDA80B064B1E9" box="[553,601,1711,1735]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
locality, rio Preto, State of Goiás, Nova Crixás, and lagoa marginal at the municipality of Cocalinho, Mato Grosso, rio Araguaia basin, central
<collectingCountry id="798D761CFFBFF121FC1DDAFDB1E3B1C4" box="[922,990,1746,1770]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="99A12A09FFBFF121FC69DAFDB60FB1C4" box="[1006,1074,1746,1770]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1315,1338]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1294]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,517,1294]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map of the upper rio Araguaia basin indicating the type locality (red star) of Tetragonopterus anstomus, sp. n." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202386/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49806507FFBFF121FF42DAD8B153B01C" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="0125368CFFBFF121FF42DAD8B153B01C" blockId="3.[151,1437,1314,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBFF121FF42DAD8B376B021" bold="true" box="[197,331,1783,1807]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet is a compound name derived from Greek
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBFF121FB94DAD7B67BB021" box="[1043,1094,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">ano-</emphasis>
, meaning upward, above; and
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBFF121FF10DB33B2E7B01D" box="[151,218,1820,1843]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">stoma</emphasis>
, meaning mouth, in reference to the position of the mouth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49806507FFBFF121FF42DB11B7A6B0C9" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0125368CFFBFF121FF42DB11B36DB0B0" blockId="3.[151,1437,1314,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBFF121FF42DB11B377B079" bold="true" box="[197,330,1854,1879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Discussion.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBFF121FED3DB6FB0B0B079" box="[340,653,1856,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anostomus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBFF121FED3DB6FB0B0B079" box="[340,653,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Tetragonopterus anostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguishable from known congeners as described in the Diagnosis. This new species can be included in the
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBFF121FD61DB4BB158B055" box="[742,869,1891,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalceus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBFF121FD61DB4BB158B055" box="[742,869,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">T. chalceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, which includes species with seven to nine predorsal scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0125368CFFBFF121FF42DB84B7A6B0C9" blockId="3.[151,1437,1314,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">
Among the 15 nominal species of
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBFF121FDCBDB83B139B0ED" box="[588,772,1964,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBFF121FDCBDB83B139B0ED" box="[588,772,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">Tetragonopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
listed as
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBFF121FCF7DB83B672B0ED" box="[880,1103,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">species inquirendae</emphasis>
in
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBFF121FBF2DB85B6CEB0EC" box="[1141,1267,1962,1986]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Characidae</taxonomicName>
by Lima
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBFF121FAE4DB83B7A1B0ED" box="[1379,1436,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
(2003),
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFBFF121FF77DBFFB387B0C8" authority="Castelnau" authorityName="Castelnau" box="[240,442,1998,2023]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sawa">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBFF121FF77DBFFB37EB0C9" box="[240,323,2000,2023]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">T. sawa</emphasis>
Castelnau
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from rio Crixás, rio Araguaia basin, near the
<typeStatus id="DE21882EFFBFF121FB51DBE0B73BB0C9" box="[1238,1286,1999,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFBFF121FA00DBFFB7A6B0C9" box="[1415,1435,2000,2023]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="53">T.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49806507FFB8F127FF10DCB6B045B7FA" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0125368CFFB8F126FF10DCB6B728B6FE" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FF10DCB6B332B79E" box="[151,271,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anostomus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FF10DCB6B332B79E" box="[151,271,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">anostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="650B4B7DFFB8F126FE9BDCB8B3D0B781" author="Eigenmann" box="[284,493,151,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" refString="Eigenmann, C. H. (1917) The American Characidae. Part I. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 53 (1), 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1917">Eigenmann (1917)</bibRefCitation>
recognized
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FDF3DCB6B0F5B79E" box="[628,712,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sawa">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FDF3DCB6B0F5B79E" box="[628,712,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. sawa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FC52DCB6B660B79E" box="[981,1117,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argenteus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FC52DCB6B660B79E" box="[981,1117,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. argenteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species with 12 to 16 predorsal scales, although neither
<typeStatus id="DE21882EFFB8F126FE7BDC92B00AB7FB" box="[508,567,189,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">types</typeStatus>
nor topotypes were listed by that author as examined material.
<bibRefCitation id="650B4B7DFFB8F126FA9ADC93B2DCB7D9" author="Eigenmann" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" refString="Eigenmann, C. H. (1917) The American Characidae. Part I. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 53 (1), 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1917">Eigenmann (1917)</bibRefCitation>
redescribed
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FEF5DCCEB3C6B7D6" box="[370,507,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argenteus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FEF5DCCEB3C6B7D6" box="[370,507,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. argenteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as bearing 12 to 16 predorsal scales, and highlighted that this species “can always be readily distinguished” from
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FE7BDD2AB047B632" box="[508,634,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalceus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FE7BDD2AB047B632" box="[508,634,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. chalceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FD0BDD2AB133B632" box="[652,782,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FD0BDD2AB133B632" box="[652,782,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. gibbosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FCD7DD2AB18AB632" box="[848,951,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huberi">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FCD7DD2AB18AB632" box="[848,951,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. huberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“by its great depth and two vertical bars” with no mention of the predorsal scales as a diagnostic character. We were able to examine a photograph of the
<typeStatus id="DE21882EFFB8F126FF10DD63B2C4B64A" box="[151,249,332,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FEA4DD62B34AB64A" box="[291,375,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sawa">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FEA4DD62B34AB64A" box="[291,375,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. sawa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN A. 9819) and, even though it was not possible to confirm the number of predorsal scales, it does have a deep body and a terminal mouth (
<figureCitation id="99A12A09FFB8F126FC88DD40B168B6A9" box="[783,853,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,980,1003]" captionTargetBox="[241,1339,227,922]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[223,1363,193,959]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Upper jaw in left lateral view of: A— Tetragonopterus anostomus sp. n., LBP 7687, 32.5 mm SL, Paratype; B— Tetragonopterus argenteus, LBP 3758, 48.1 mm SL; C— Tetragonopterus rarus, LIRP 4928, 47.5 mm SL; D— Tetragonopterus carvalhoi, LBP 5376, 36.07 mm SL; E— Tetragonopterus chalceus, MZUSP 35017, 49.4 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202385/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), which promptly distinguishes Castelnaus species from
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FF51DDBAB356B682" box="[214,363,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anostomus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FF51DDBAB356B682" box="[214,363,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. anostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These characters also distinguish
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FD7EDDBAB1B3B682" box="[761,910,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anostomus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FD7EDDBAB1B3B682" box="[761,910,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. anostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FC52DDBAB747B682" authority="Steindachner" authorityName="Steindachner" box="[981,1402,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huberi">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FC52DDBAB6E3B682" box="[981,1246,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Tetragonopterus huberi</emphasis>
Steindachner
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FA00DDBAB3BEB6E1" authority="Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FA00DDBAB2D8B6FE" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. rufipes</emphasis>
Valenciennes
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FE3BDD96B130B6E1" authority="Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes" box="[444,781,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schomburgkii">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FE3BDD96B052B6FE" box="[444,623,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. schomburgkii</emphasis>
Valenciennes
</taxonomicName>
, nominal species actually related to the genus.
</paragraph>
<caption id="55E56604FFB8F126FF10D90CB749B217" box="[151,1396,1315,1338]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202386/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[151,1436,517,1294]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="0125368CFFB8F126FF10D90CB749B217" blockId="4.[151,1396,1315,1338]" box="[151,1396,1315,1338]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FF10D90CB32FB216" bold="true" box="[151,274,1315,1338]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Map of the upper rio Araguaia basin indicating the type locality (red star) of
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FBA5D90BB713B217" box="[1058,1326,1316,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anstomus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FBA5D90BB713B217" box="[1058,1326,1316,1337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Tetragonopterus anstomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="28DD57E5FFB8F126FABCD90BB749B217" box="[1339,1396,1316,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0125368CFFB8F126FF42D94EB366B15B" blockId="4.[151,1436,1376,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">
Even though both
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FE16D94DB027B257" box="[401,538,1378,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argenteus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FE16D94DB027B257" box="[401,538,1378,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. argenteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FDC8D94DB0F0B257" box="[591,717,1377,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalceus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FDC8D94DB0F0B257" box="[591,717,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. chalceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were identified as also occurring in the upper rio Araguaia, only
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FF10D9A9B32BB2B3" box="[151,278,1413,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalceus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FF10D9A9B32BB2B3" box="[151,278,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. chalceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was sampled with
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FE73D9A9B0B4B2B3" box="[500,649,1414,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anostomus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FE73D9A9B0B4B2B3" box="[500,649,1414,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. anostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from its known area of occurrence (see comparative material). A lot (MZUSP 89295) with both species mixed may be indicative that these species probably school together.
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FAF6D985B393B2CB" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anostomus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FAF6D985B393B2CB" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Tetragonopterus anostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FE61D9E1B059B2CB" box="[486,612,1485,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalceus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FE61D9E1B059B2CB" box="[486,612,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. chalceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
present a very similar, if not identical, overall body color pattern, which would result in a quite homogeneous and mixed school of fishes. If one considers that these fishes school together, among other hypotheses, for reducing the risk of predation (
<bibRefCitation id="650B4B7DFFB8F126FCB3DA3AB629B103" author="Chivers" box="[820,1044,1557,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" refString="Chivers, D. P., Brown, G. E. &amp; Smith, R. J. F. (1995) Familiarity and shoal cohesion in fathead minnows (Pimephalesp romelas): implications for antipredator behaviour. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 73, 955 - 960." type="journal article" year="1995">
Chivers
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FC13DA39B1F1B103" box="[916,972,1557,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
, 1995
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="650B4B7DFFB8F126FBA7DA39B6E5B103" author="Magurran" box="[1056,1240,1557,1582]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" refString="Magurran, A. E. (1990) The adaptive significance of schooling as an anti-predator defense in fish. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 27, 51 - 66." type="journal article" year="1990">Magurran, 1990</bibRefCitation>
), such an interaction between closely related and similar species would possibly be more efficient since it produces larger and more cohesive schools.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0125368CFFB8F127FF42DAAFB045B7FA" blockId="4.[151,1436,1376,2013]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,1220]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">
Considering such an interaction,
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FDC6DAADB0EAB1B7" box="[577,727,1666,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anostomus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FDC6DAADB0EAB1B7" box="[577,727,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. anostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has marked modifications in the jaw, teeth (
<figureCitation id="99A12A09FFB8F126FB5BDAAFB71EB1B6" box="[1244,1315,1664,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,980,1003]" captionTargetBox="[241,1339,227,922]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[223,1363,193,959]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Upper jaw in left lateral view of: A— Tetragonopterus anostomus sp. n., LBP 7687, 32.5 mm SL, Paratype; B— Tetragonopterus argenteus, LBP 3758, 48.1 mm SL; C— Tetragonopterus rarus, LIRP 4928, 47.5 mm SL; D— Tetragonopterus carvalhoi, LBP 5376, 36.07 mm SL; E— Tetragonopterus chalceus, MZUSP 35017, 49.4 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/202385/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), and gillraker morphology in comparison not only with the sympatric
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FCE6DA89B1DCB193" box="[865,993,1701,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalceus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FCE6DA89B1DCB193" box="[865,993,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. chalceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but with all known congeners. These modifications are intimately associated to feeding habits (
<bibRefCitation id="650B4B7DFFB8F126FC99DAE7B63CB1CE" author="Clabaut" box="[798,1025,1736,1761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" refString="Clabaut, C., Bunje., P. M. E., Salzburger, W. &amp; Meyer, A. (2007) Geometric morphometric analyses provide evidence for the adaptive character of the Tanganyikan cichlid fish radiations. Evolution, 61, 560 - 578." type="journal article" year="2007">
Clabaut
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FCF9DAE5B18BB1CF" box="[894,950,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007
</bibRefCitation>
), and may represent ecomorphological adaptations for food acquisition within a distinct and less competitive niche. Body size is also related to food acquisition in fishes (
<bibRefCitation id="650B4B7DFFB8F126FE08DB3FB044B006" author="Clabaut" box="[399,633,1808,1833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" refString="Clabaut, C., Bunje., P. M. E., Salzburger, W. &amp; Meyer, A. (2007) Geometric morphometric analyses provide evidence for the adaptive character of the Tanganyikan cichlid fish radiations. Evolution, 61, 560 - 578." type="journal article" year="2007">
Clabaut
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FE75DB3DB013B007" box="[498,558,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007
</bibRefCitation>
) and, as a consequence, differences in this trait may be indicative of exploitation of different niches. In fact,
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FDE3DB19B0C7B063" box="[612,762,1846,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anostomus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FDE3DB19B0C7B063" box="[612,762,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. anostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be smaller than
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FBADDB19B697B063" box="[1066,1194,1845,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalceus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FBADDB19B697B063" box="[1066,1194,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. chalceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, considering that the largest known specimen of
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FE4CDB75B063B05F" box="[459,606,1882,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anostomus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FE4CDB75B063B05F" box="[459,606,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. anostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not exceed
<quantity id="C6629B69FFB8F126FC98DB77B1B9B05E" box="[799,900,1880,1904]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.529999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="45.3">45.3 mm</quantity>
SL. Although absolute body size values are not informative, as it may represent straightforward observations of different developmental stages, gonadal analysis indicated that a specimen of
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FE63DB8DB047B097" box="[484,634,1954,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anostomus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FE63DB8DB047B097" box="[484,634,1954,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. anostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MZUSP 89295) with 38.0 mm SL is a mature female. According to
<bibRefCitation id="650B4B7DFFB8F126FF10DBEAB3BEB0F3" box="[151,387,1989,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" refString="Ricardo, M. C. P., Rizzo, E., Sato, Y. &amp; Bazzoli, N. (1998) Analise histologica da reproducao de Tetragonopterus chalceus Agassiz, 1829 (Pisces: Characidae) na represa Tres Marias, Minas Gerais. Bios, 6 (6), 113 - 120." type="journal article">
Ricardo
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FF70DBE9B30DB0F3" box="[247,304,1989,2013]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
, males and females of
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB8F126FD00DBE9B138B0F3" box="[647,773,1989,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalceus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB8F126FD00DBE9B138B0F3" box="[647,773,1989,2013]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">T. chalceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have their first maturation at no less than 48.0 to 63.0 mm SL. More comprehensive studies on interspecific interactions may shed light on our understanding of the evolution of the group (
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB9F127FEB7DC92B36CB7FA" box="[304,337,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">e.g</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="650B4B7DFFB9F127FED8DC93B051B7FA" author="Alexandrou" box="[351,620,188,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" refString="Alexandrou, M. A., Oliveira, C., Maillard, M., McGill, R. A. R., Newton, J., Creer, S. &amp; Taylor, M. I. (2011) Competition and phylogeny determine community structure in Mullerian co-mimics. Nature, 469, 84 - 89." type="journal article" year="2011">
Alexandrou
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB9F127FE6CDC92B01EB7FA" box="[491,547,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49806507FFB9F127FF40DCF0B078B3EA" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0125368CFFB9F127FF40DCF0B078B3EA" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB9F127FF40DCF0B3E6B7D6" bold="true" box="[199,475,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Comparative material.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB9F127FE62DCCEB123B7D6" box="[485,798,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB9F127FE62DCCEB125B7D6" box="[485,792,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argenteus">Tetragonopterus argenteus</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="798D761CFFB9F127FCAEDCF0B19CB7D9" box="[809,929,223,247]" name="Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
: Bolivar: Caicara del Orinoco, rio Orinoco: LBP 3058, 2,61.081.2; LBP 3059, 1, 57.1.
<collectingCountry id="798D761CFFB9F127FD16DD2BB0E7B632" box="[657,730,260,284]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Maranhão: LBP 5535, 1, 74.4, Balsas, rio Balsas. Acre: LBP 185, 2, 71.272.5, Rio Branco, rio Acre;
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFB9F127FDE2DD08B0FFB611" box="[613,706,295,319]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">MZUSP</collectionCode>
50301, 3, 81.888.5, Colocação Volta Grande, rio Grande. Mato Grosso; Aripuanã: NUP 3381, 5, 62.982.0; NUP 7189, 2 55.657.6; Nova Brasilândia: NUP 10768, 1, 101.0, rio Manso, rio
<collectingCountry id="798D761CFFB9F127FE91DD40B346B6A9" box="[278,379,367,391]" name="Paraguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Paraguai</collectingCountry>
; Rosário Oeste: NUP 10758, 17, 24.244.5, rio Cuiabá, rio
<collectingCountry id="798D761CFFB9F127FB93DD40B644B6A9" box="[1044,1145,367,391]" name="Paraguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Paraguai</collectingCountry>
; Chapada dos Guimarães: NUP 4092, 3, 65.187.6, rio Cuiabá, rio
<collectingCountry id="798D761CFFB9F127FDE3DDBBB0F4B682" box="[612,713,404,428]" name="Paraguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Paraguai</collectingCountry>
; LBP 3967, 1, 59.5, Cuiabá, rio Mutuca; LBP 4633, Paconé, rio
<collectingCountry id="798D761CFFB9F127FF10DD98B2C0B6E1" box="[151,253,439,463]" name="Paraguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Paraguai</collectingCountry>
. Goiás; Aragarças; LBP 1832, 1, 68.9, rio Araguaia. Mato Grosso do Sul; Coxim: LBP 1476, 7, 27.4 42.5, rio
<collectingCountry id="798D761CFFB9F127FE83DDF3B357B6DA" box="[260,362,476,500]" name="Paraguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Paraguai</collectingCountry>
; LBP 1776, 4, 81.397.8, rio
<collectingCountry id="798D761CFFB9F127FD4ADDF3B10FB6DA" box="[717,818,476,500]" name="Paraguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Paraguai</collectingCountry>
; Aquidauna: LBP 3758, 20, 50.466.7, rio
<collectingCountry id="798D761CFFB9F127FAB4DDF3B7A4B6DA" box="[1331,1433,476,500]" name="Paraguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Paraguai</collectingCountry>
; Cáceres: LBP 8442, 3, 51.863.9, rio
<collectingCountry id="798D761CFFB9F127FDC5DDD0B095B539" box="[578,680,511,535]" name="Paraguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Paraguai</collectingCountry>
; LBP 5108, 1, 67.6, rio
<collectingCountry id="798D761CFFB9F127FC30DDD0B620B539" box="[951,1053,511,535]" name="Paraguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Paraguai</collectingCountry>
. Paraná: NUP 7341, 1, 110.9, Foz do Iguaçu, rio Paraná;
<collectingCountry id="798D761CFFB9F127FE10DE0AB3F2B512" box="[407,463,549,572]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Peru</collectingCountry>
:
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFB9F127FE5DDE0BB00AB512" box="[474,567,548,572]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">MZUSP</collectionCode>
26393, 10, 40.867.5, Pucallpa, rio Ucayali.
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB9F127FBBFDE0AB75FB512" box="[1080,1378,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB9F127FBBFDE0AB761B512" box="[1080,1372,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalceus">Tetragonopterus chalceus</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="798D761CFFB9F127FAEDDE0AB28BB571" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Amapá:
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFB9F127FEAFDE68B3B8B571" box="[296,389,583,607]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">MZUSP</collectionCode>
35008, 6, 59.395.5, rio Cupuxi. Pará:
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFB9F127FCDCDE68B185B571" box="[859,952,583,607]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">MZUSP</collectionCode>
92777, 5, 70.4100.0, Santarém, lago do Maiacas, rio Amazonas;
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFB9F127FE3FDE43B028B5AA" box="[440,533,620,644]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">MZUSP</collectionCode>
35006, 8, 48.554.7; Itabuna, rio Tapajós;
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFB9F127FB96DE43B653B5AA" box="[1041,1134,620,644]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">MZUSP</collectionCode>
35017, 5, 47.982.4, São Luís, rio Tapajós. Tocantins: Ananás, rio Tocantins: NUP 8202, 8, 34.4353.31; NUP 9034, 1, 54.6. Roraima:
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFB9F127FF10DE9BB2C9B5E2" box="[151,244,692,716]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">MZUSP</collectionCode>
35004, 36, 43.285.7, Rio Branco, rio Branco. Mato Grosso; Cocalinho: LBP 8773, 1, 54.2,
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFB9F127FAB8DE9BB7A1B5E2" box="[1343,1436,692,716]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">MZUSP</collectionCode>
89182, 5, 37.647.7. Goiás: Nova Crixás, rio Preto:
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFB9F127FD7ADEF8B167B5C1" box="[765,858,727,751]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">MZUSP</collectionCode>
89295, 4, 45.853.7; Minaçu:
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFB9F127FB40DEF8B719B5C1" box="[1223,1316,727,751]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">MZUSP</collectionCode>
54091, 9, 59.767.1; Aruanã:
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFB9F127FEF1DED3B3EEB43A" box="[374,467,764,788]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">MZUSP</collectionCode>
91160, 3, 30.750.9, rio Araguaia. Bahia:
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFB9F127FC35DED3B632B43A" box="[946,1039,764,788]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">MZUSP</collectionCode>
90886, 6, 55.961.0 Iaçu, rio Paraguassú, rio São Francisco. Minas Gerais: LBP 10294, 20, 70.792.8, São Roque de Minas, rio São Francisco. LBP 10394 12, 58.676.0, Buritizeiro, rio São Francisco;
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFB9F127FC91DF6BB14EB472" box="[790,883,836,860]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">MZUSP</collectionCode>
47352, 3, 31.634.2, Manga, rio Japoré.
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB9F127FAF6DF6AB39FB4AE" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB9F127FAF6DF6AB39FB4AE" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Tetragonopterus carvalhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<collectingCountry id="798D761CFFB9F127FE33DF48B3C6B451" box="[436,507,871,895]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Amapá, Laranjal do Jari, rio Jarí: LBP 5376, 30, 30.342.7; LBP 5306, 7
<typeStatus id="DE21882EFFB9F127FAE4DF46B2E8B48B" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, 36.747.1.
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB9F127FEE3DFA2B059B48A" box="[356,612,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rarus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB9F127FEE3DFA2B059B48A" box="[356,612,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Tetragonopterus rarus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<collectingCountry id="798D761CFFB9F127FDF2DFA3B0D8B48A" box="[629,741,908,932]" name="Suriname" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Suriname</collectingCountry>
: rio Marowjine:
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFB9F127FC2EDFA3B63BB48A" box="[937,1030,908,932]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">MZUSP</collectionCode>
99689, 1, 73.7,.
<collectingCountry id="798D761CFFB9F127FB56DFA3B727B48A" box="[1233,1306,908,932]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Pará, Alto Pará do Oeste, rio Amazonas:
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFB9F127FE70DF80B069B4E9" box="[503,596,943,967]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">MZUSP</collectionCode>
88029, 1, 86.6.
<taxonomicName id="C69A4D0FFFB9F127FC93DF9EB1F1B4E6" box="[788,972,945,968]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="33EEEA9EFFB9F127FC93DF9EB1F1B4E6" box="[788,972,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Tetragonopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp:
<collectingCountry id="798D761CFFB9F127FB87DF80B674B4E9" box="[1024,1097,943,967]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Amapá: Laranjal do Jarí, rio Jarí:
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFB9F127FF53DFFBB30CB4C2" box="[212,305,980,1004]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">MZUSP</collectionCode>
<date id="7524104CFFB9F127FEB8DFFBB3ABB4C2" box="[319,406,980,1004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" value="72-10-14">101472</date>
, 10 71.479.9,;
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFB9F127FDDBDFFBB084B4C2" box="[604,697,980,1004]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">MZUSP</collectionCode>
<date id="7524104CFFB9F127FD41DFFBB120B4C2" box="[710,797,980,1004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" value="14-10-17">101714</date>
, 12, 67.784.3,
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFB9F127FC65DFFBB602B4C2" box="[994,1087,980,1004]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">MZUSP</collectionCode>
<date id="7524104CFFB9F127FBCBDFFBB69EB4C2" box="[1100,1187,980,1004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" value="55-10-17">101755</date>
, 3, 56.266.0;. Pará:
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFB9F127FF10DFD8B2C9B321" box="[151,244,1015,1039]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">MZUSP</collectionCode>
99499, 11, 67.178.2 Jacarecangá, rio Teles Pires, rio Tapajós. Tocantins:
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFB9F127FBCCDFD8B695B321" box="[1099,1192,1015,1039]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">MZUSP</collectionCode>
97933, 6, 57.261.0, Alta do Tocantins, rio do Sono. Mato Grosso:
<collectionCode id="678BAE49FFB9F127FD1CD833B0C5B31A" box="[667,760,1052,1076]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">MZUSP</collectionCode>
91950, 18, 46.078.1, Paranatinga, rio Xingu. LBP 1585, 6, 49.362.5, Barra do Garças, rio das Garças, rio Araguaia; Cocalinho: LBP 8857, 1, 56.1, lagoa da Montaria, rio Araguaia; LBP 7830, 1, 51.3, rio Araguaia; São Féliz do Araguaia: LBP 4011, 3, 58.559.4, Lago Morto, rio Araguaia; LBP 3981, 2, 42.244.8, Lagoa Fazenda Taboca, rio Araguaia. Goiás: Aragarças, rio Araguaia: LBP 5751, 6, 51.155.7; LBP 1629, 2, 58.762.5.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>