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<document id="2F723E7820A9653DA4046ED297D5B605" ID-CLB-Dataset="7577" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4948.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7af2fc34-63ae-40d2-95a6-4bed18653e7a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4616068" ID-ZooBank="79CCDC5F-2F94-4398-B3DD-8DAC05669E9C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1616047640932" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Aguiar, Aline, Morais, Drausio Honorio, Firmino Silva, Lidiane A., Anjos, Luciano Alves Dos, Foster, Ottilie Carolina &amp; Silva, Reinaldo José Da" docDate="2021" docId="0C3AAD5FFF79F61AFF3DDD57FB8AFD20" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4948.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4948 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Clinostomum complanatum" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="F003D527FF6FF60DFFAADB60FFB7FFA5" masterDocTitle="Biodiversity of anuran endoparasites from a transitional area between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes in Brazil: new records and remarks" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698934079419" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="4757BD96B2C6CEDA3D3AFAFFD058E999">Biodiversity of anuran endoparasites from a transitional area between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes in Brazil: new records and remarks</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C4613088BA12007DA5270B0FB3495935">Aguiar, Aline</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E60A3527E783FD1A23A06947F37DDBF1">Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP Rio Claro, Avenida 24 A, 1515 - Jardim Vila Bela, CEP 13506 - 900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7FCB63A184EB8AB9FC3C12BAFA6CE4A5">Morais, Drausio Honorio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="90F215FC2C257C1FF0F00E57D3B36E5C">Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, LMG- 746, Km 1, Monte Carmelo, 38500 - 000, MG, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2F621B1FB9F8A4BBE4D8F5ABA13E80EA">Firmino Silva, Lidiane A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6288BA0D04B5D5080A485308B8C2FC63">Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="60559F0256EE73D9A3793F39F2490D01">Anjos, Luciano Alves Dos</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="42E1D20C012B105E2B91BCFEACAAA27C">Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Passeio Monção, 226, CEP 15385 - 000, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EA9DD9445FD5A40E3B2E657E23892872">Foster, Ottilie Carolina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7C7EF811A8D35FB4045A0A854E141D96">Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D3EBF254C4E359B739D3F0FE303DB018">Silva, Reinaldo José Da</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4ECBEE0D22136AA3FFD00C3AEFA3BA6A">Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="7821A72992D63DBE8DC9845F482E2A30">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="04A678AF4F14EFDBEE3639288E8A44ED">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="51A987A71BB4D8D6A6D79B154BB5021A">4948</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0C3AAD5FFF79F61AFF3DDD57FB8AFD20" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4647672" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180780009" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4647672" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0C3AAD5FFF79F61AFF3DDD57FB8AFD20" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C3AAD5FFF79F61AFF3DDD57FB8AFD20" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<subSubSection id="CC894FC2FF79F61BFF3DDD57FD50F9F4" box="[151,743,1591,1618]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="842C1C49FF79F61BFF3DDD57FD50F9F4" blockId="22.[151,743,1591,1618]" box="[151,743,1591,1618]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="DF64AB25FF79F61BFF3DDD57FD50F9F4" bold="true" box="[151,743,1591,1618]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="439367CAFF79F61BFF3DDD57FD50F9F4" authority="(Rudolphi, 1819)" baseAuthorityName="Rudolphi" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[151,743,1591,1618]" class="Trematoda" family="Clinostomatidae" genus="Clinostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="complanatum">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF79F61BFF3DDD57FD50F9F4" bold="true" box="[151,743,1591,1618]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF79F61BFF3DDD57FE8DF9F7" bold="true" box="[151,314,1591,1618]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Clinostomum</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF79F61BFECDDD57FDBAF9F7" bold="true" box="[359,525,1591,1618]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">complanatum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E00261B8FF79F61BFDB7DD57FD69F9F4" author="Rudolphi, C. A." box="[541,734,1591,1617]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref25865" refString="Rudolphi, C. A. (1819) Entozoorum synopsis cui accedunt mantissa duplex et indices locupletissimi - Genus XV Distoma. Sumtibus A. R ʾ cker, Berlin, 881 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9157" type="book" year="1819">Rudolphi, 1819</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC894FC2FF79F61BFF3DDD1FFE77F944" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="842C1C49FF79F61BFF3DDD1FFCA6F93F" blockId="22.[151,1437,1663,2014]" box="[151,785,1663,1690]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF79F61BFF3DDD1FFE7EF93C" bold="true" box="[151,457,1663,1689]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hosts (prevalence; range)</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="439367CAFF79F61BFE72DDE0FDCFF93C" box="[472,632,1663,1689]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podicipinus">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF79F61BFE72DDE0FDCFF93C" box="[472,632,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. podicipinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2/225; 1–6).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="842C1C49FF79F61BFF6DDDC3FDADF918" blockId="22.[151,1437,1663,2014]" box="[199,538,1699,1726]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF79F61BFF6DDDC3FE35F918" bold="true" box="[199,386,1699,1725]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Site of infection</emphasis>
: body cavity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="842C1C49FF79F61BFF6DDDA7FE77F944" blockId="22.[151,1437,1663,2014]" box="[199,448,1735,1762]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF79F61BFF6DDDA7FEBFF944" bold="true" box="[199,264,1735,1761]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Stage</emphasis>
: encysted larva.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC894FC2FF79F61BFF6DDD8BFB98F8A3" box="[199,1071,1771,1798]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="842C1C49FF79F61BFF6DDD8BFB98F8A3" blockId="22.[151,1437,1663,2014]" box="[199,1071,1771,1798]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<materialsCitation id="34FB1614FF79F61BFF6DDD8BFB9CF8A3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3062862305" box="[199,1067,1771,1798]" location="Europe" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Berlin" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF79F61BFF6DDD8BFDB0F8A0" bold="true" box="[199,519,1771,1797]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<typeStatus id="5B28A2EBFF79F61BFF6DDD8BFEB5F8A0" box="[199,258,1771,1797]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type</typeStatus>
host and
<typeStatus id="5B28A2EBFF79F61BFEDCDD8BFE1EF8A0" box="[374,425,1771,1797]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="439367CAFF79F61BFDBCDD8BFC99F8A0" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[534,814,1771,1797]" class="Aves" family="Clinostomidae" genus="Ardeae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ardeiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerea">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF79F61BFDBCDD8BFD77F8A0" box="[534,704,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ardeae cinerea</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
(bird),
<collectingRegion id="4657D2ABFF79F61BFC28DD8BFC7CF8A0" box="[898,971,1771,1797]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Berlin</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="814C4A92FF79F61BFC7CDD8CFB9CF8A3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0C3AAD5FFF79F61AFF3DDD57FB8AFD20:814C4A92FF79F61BFC7CDD8CFB9CF8A3" box="[982,1067,1772,1798]" name="Europe" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Berlin">Europe</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC894FC2FF79F61AFF6DDC6FFB8AFD20" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="842C1C49FF79F61BFF6DDC6FFA2AF878" blockId="22.[151,1437,1663,2014]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF79F61BFF6DDC6FFEFFF88C" bold="true" box="[199,328,1807,1833]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Comments</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="439367CAFF79F61BFEF3DC6FFD27F88C" baseAuthorityName="Rudolphi" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[345,656,1807,1833]" class="Trematoda" family="Clinostomatidae" genus="Clinostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="complanatum">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF79F61BFEF3DC6FFD27F88C" box="[345,656,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Clinostomum complanatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described as
<taxonomicName id="439367CAFF79F61BFCCEDC70FBD3F88C" box="[868,1124,1807,1833]" class="Trematoda" family="Clinostomidae" genus="Distoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="complanatum">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF79F61BFCCEDC70FBD3F88C" box="[868,1124,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Distoma complanatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Rudolphi, but there are questions concerning the precise year of publication which could be from 1809 to 1899 (
<bibRefCitation id="E00261B8FF79F61BFBC1DC53FA27F8E8" author="Dowset, J. A. &amp; Lubinsky, G." box="[1131,1424,1843,1869]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="680 - 682" refId="ref20698" refString="Dowset, J. A. &amp; Lubinsky, G. (1980) Clinostomum complanatum or Clinostomum marginatum? (Trematoda: Clinostomatidae). A problem of priority and synonymy. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 58, 680 - 682. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 80 - 097" type="journal article" year="1980">Dowset &amp; Lubinsky 1980</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="E00261B8FF79F61BFF3DDC37FE9DF8D7" author="Leidy, J." box="[151,298,1879,1906]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="42 - 58" refId="ref23476" refString="Leidy, J. (1856) A synopsis of entozoan and some of the other ecto-congeners observed by the author. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia, 8, 42 - 58." type="journal article" year="1856">Leidy (1856)</bibRefCitation>
established the genus
<taxonomicName id="439367CAFF79F61BFD8CDC37FD0CF8D4" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1856" box="[550,699,1879,1905]" class="Trematoda" family="Clinostomatidae" genus="Clinostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF79F61BFD8CDC37FD0CF8D4" box="[550,699,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Clinostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for adult worms found in birds from
<collectingCountry id="FC845CD9FF79F61BFBF7DC37FB24F8D4" box="[1117,1171,1879,1905]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">USA</collectingCountry>
and
<taxonomicName id="439367CAFF79F61BFB60DC38FA35F8D4" box="[1226,1410,1879,1906]" class="Trematoda" family="Clinostomidae" genus="Distoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="complanatum">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF79F61BFB60DC38FA35F8D4" box="[1226,1410,1879,1906]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. complanatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the
<typeStatus id="5B28A2EBFF79F61BFF6BDC1CFF46F833" box="[193,241,1916,1942]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
species (
<bibRefCitation id="E00261B8FF79F61BFEF3DC1BFD9EF830" author="Kanev, I. &amp; Radev, V. &amp; Fried, B." box="[345,553,1915,1942]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1901" refId="ref23041" refString="Kanev, I., Radev, V. &amp; Fried, B. (2002) Family Clinostomidae Luehe, 1901. In: Gibson, D. I., Jones, A. &amp; Bray, R. A. (Eds.), Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 1. Wallingford, CAB International and the Natural History Museum, pp. 113 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851995472.0113" type="book chapter" year="2002">
Kanev
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF79F61BFE06DC1CFE69F830" box="[428,478,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
). Several debates concerning species of
<taxonomicName id="439367CAFF79F61BFC45DC1BFB33F830" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1856" box="[1007,1156,1915,1941]" class="Trematoda" family="Clinostomatidae" genus="Clinostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF79F61BFC45DC1BFB33F830" box="[1007,1156,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Clinostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remain among researchers, especially regarding the metacercariae of
<taxonomicName id="439367CAFF79F61BFD32DCC0FCE6F81C" box="[664,849,1951,1978]" class="Trematoda" family="Clinostomidae" genus="Distoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="complanatum">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF79F61BFD32DCC0FCE6F81C" box="[664,849,1951,1978]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. complanatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="439367CAFF79F61BFC22DCFFFADCF81C" authority="Rudolphi. These" authorityName="Rudolphi. These" box="[904,1387,1951,1977]" class="Trematoda" family="Clinostomatidae" genus="Clinostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marginatum">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF79F61BFC22DCFFFB1BF81C" box="[904,1196,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Clinostomum marginatum</emphasis>
Rudolphi. These
</taxonomicName>
two species have already been considered as synonymous due to their morphologic similarity (
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF79F61BFB28DCA4FB1DF878" box="[1154,1194,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">e.g.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E00261B8FF79F61BFB1BDCA4FA90F878" author="Baer, J. G." box="[1201,1319,1987,2014]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="317 - 342" refId="ref18526" refString="Baer, J. G. (1933) Note sur un nouveau trematode Clinostomum lophophallum sp. nov. avec quelques considerations generales sur la famille des Clinostomidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 39, 317 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 117658" type="journal article" year="1933">Baer 1933</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E00261B8FF79F61BFA9BDCA3FA2AF878" author="Yamaguti, S." box="[1329,1437,1987,2013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref28160" refString="Yamaguti, S. (1933) Studies on the helminth fauna of Japan. Part 1. Trematodes of birds, reptiles and mammals. Japanese Journal of Zoology, 5, 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1933">Yamaguti</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="842C1C49FF78F61AFF3DDBF7FB8AFD20" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
1933;
<bibRefCitation id="E00261B8FF78F61AFF75DBF7FE2BFF14" author="Mcallister, C. T." box="[223,412,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="69 - 71" refId="ref24183" refString="Mcallister, C. T. (1990) Metacercaria of Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) (Trematoda: Digenea) in a Texas salaman- der, Eurycea neotenes (Amphibia: Caudata), with comments on C. marginatum (Rudolphi, 1819). Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 57, 69 - 71." type="journal article" year="1990">McAllister 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="E00261B8FF78F61AFE1BDBF7FD09FF14" author="Dzikowski, R. &amp; Levy, M. G. &amp; Poore, M. F. &amp; Flowers, J. R. &amp; Paperna, I." box="[433,702,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="413 - 414" refId="ref20848" refString="Dzikowski, R., Levy, M. G., Poore, M. F., Flowers, J. R. &amp; Paperna, I. (2004) Clinostomum complanatum and Clinostomum marginatum (Rudolphi, 1819) (Digenea: Clinostomidae) are separate species based on differences in ribosomal DNA. Journal of Parasitology, 90, 413 - 414. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / GE- 159 R" type="journal article" year="2004">
Dzikowski
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF78F61AFD98DBF7FDD2FF14" box="[562,613,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
. (2004)
</bibRefCitation>
separated these species based on differences in ribosomal DNA, but the authors use specimens from
<collectingCountry id="FC845CD9FF78F61AFD8EDBDBFDD5FF70" box="[548,610,187,213]" name="Israel" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Israel</collectingCountry>
instead of those from North America.
<bibRefCitation id="E00261B8FF78F61AFBA1DBDBFB5CFF70" author="Caffara, M. &amp; Locke, S. A. &amp; Gustinelli, A. &amp; Marcogliese, D. J. &amp; Fioravanti, M. L." box="[1035,1259,187,213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="884 - 891" refId="ref19623" refString="Caffara, M., Locke, S. A., Gustinelli, A., Marcogliese, D. J. &amp; Fioravanti, M. L. (2011) Morphological and molecular differentiation of Clinostomum complanatum and Clinostomum marginatum (Digenea: Clinostomidae) metacercariae and adults. Journal of Parasitology, 97, 884 - 891. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / GE- 2781.1" type="journal article" year="2011">
Caffara
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF78F61AFBCEDBDBFB23FF70" box="[1124,1172,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
. (2011)
</bibRefCitation>
integrated morphological and molecular tools such as ITS and COI sequences from specimens from North America and Europe, and they concluded that
<taxonomicName id="439367CAFF78F61AFE07DA63FDD0FEB8" box="[429,615,259,285]" class="Trematoda" family="Clinostomidae" genus="Distoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="complanatum">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF78F61AFE07DA63FDD0FEB8" box="[429,615,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. complanatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="439367CAFF78F61AFD0ADA63FCFDFEB9" box="[672,842,259,285]" class="Trematoda" family="Clinostomatidae" genus="Clinostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marginatum">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF78F61AFD0ADA63FCFDFEB9" box="[672,842,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. marginatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distinct. Both species are widely distributed and have a similar life cycle involving a bird as the definitive host and a fish or an amphibian as the second intermediate host (
<bibRefCitation id="E00261B8FF78F61AFF7EDA2BFE3EFEC0" author="Dias, M. L. G. G. &amp; Eiras, J. C. &amp; Machado, M. H. &amp; Souza, G. T. R. &amp; Pavanelli, G. C." box="[212,393,331,357]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="506 - 508" refId="ref20552" refString="Dias, M. L. G. G., Eiras, J. C., Machado, M. H., Souza, G. T. R. &amp; Pavanelli, G. C. (2003) The life cycle of Clinostomum complanatum Rudolphi, 1814 (Digenea, Clinostomidae) on the floodplain of the high Parana river, Brazil. Parasitology Research, 89, 506 - 508. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00436 - 002 - 0796 - z" type="journal article" year="2003">
Dias
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF78F61AFEBADA2BFEF7FEC0" box="[272,320,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
. 2003
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E00261B8FF78F61AFE3EDA2BFDDEFEC0" author="Caffara, M. &amp; Bruni, G. &amp; Paoletti, C. &amp; Gustinelli, A. &amp; Fioravanti, M. L." box="[404,617,331,357]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="278 - 285" refId="ref19696" refString="Caffara, M., Bruni, G., Paoletti, C., Gustinelli, A. &amp; Fioravanti, M. L. (2014) Metacercariae of Clinostomum complanatum (Trematoda: Digenea) in European newts Triturus carnifex and Lissotriton vulgaris (Caudata: Salamandridae). Journal of Helminthology, 88, 278 - 285. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0022149 X 13000151" type="journal article" year="2014">
Caffara
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF78F61AFE44DA2BFDA8FEC0" box="[494,543,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
). Five species of
<taxonomicName id="439367CAFF78F61AFC83DA2BFC09FEC0" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1856" box="[809,958,331,357]" class="Trematoda" family="Clinostomatidae" genus="Clinostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF78F61AFC83DA2BFC09FEC0" box="[809,958,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Clinostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="439367CAFF78F61AFC64DA2BFB31FEC0" box="[974,1158,331,357]" class="Trematoda" family="Clinostomidae" genus="Distoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="complanatum">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF78F61AFC64DA2BFB31FEC0" box="[974,1158,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. complanatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="439367CAFF78F61AFB3EDA2BFA8BFEC1" box="[1172,1340,331,357]" class="Trematoda" family="Clinostomatidae" genus="Clinostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="marginatum">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF78F61AFB3EDA2BFA8BFEC1" box="[1172,1340,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. marginatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="439367CAFF78F61AFAE0DA2BFE13FE2C" authority="Cort" authorityName="Cort" authorityYear="1913" class="Trematoda" family="Clinostomatidae" genus="Clinostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="attenuatum">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF78F61AFAE0DA2BFEDFFE2D" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Clinostomum attenuatum</emphasis>
Cort
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="439367CAFF78F61AFE05DA0FFC1CFE2C" authority="Fischthal &amp; Thomas" authorityName="Fischthal &amp; Thomas" authorityYear="1968" box="[431,939,367,393]" class="Trematoda" family="Clinostomatidae" genus="Clinostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hylaranae">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF78F61AFE05DA0FFD0AFE2C" box="[431,701,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Clinostomum hylaranae</emphasis>
Fischthal &amp; Thomas
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="439367CAFF78F61AFC4FDA0FFF52FE0B" authority="Tubangui" authorityName="Tubangui" authorityYear="1933" class="Trematoda" family="Clinostomatidae" genus="Clinostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudoheterostomum">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF78F61AFC4FDA0FFAD9FE2C" box="[997,1390,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Clinostomum pseudoheterostomum</emphasis>
Tubangui
</taxonomicName>
) have been reported as metacercaria in salamanders, toads, and frogs mainly from North America; only one record in Asia, Europa, and Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="E00261B8FF78F61AFD89DAD7FCB2FE74" author="Calhoun, D. M. &amp; Leslie, K. L. &amp; Riepe, T. B. &amp; Achatz, T. J. &amp; McDevitt-Galles, T. &amp; Tkach, V. V. &amp; Johnson, P. T. J." box="[547,773,439,465]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref19771" refString="Calhoun, D. M., Leslie, K. L., Riepe, T. B., Achatz, T. J., McDevitt-Galles, T., Tkach, V. V. &amp; Johnson, P. T. J. (2020) Patterns of Clinostomum marginatum infection in fishes and amphibians: integration of field, genetic, and experimental approaches. Journal of Helminthology. [in press] https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0022149 X 18001244" type="book" year="2020">
Calhoun
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF78F61AFD20DAD7FD0CFE74" box="[650,699,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
. 2020
</bibRefCitation>
). We observed the following features of
<taxonomicName id="439367CAFF78F61AFB6DDAD7FAC8FE74" box="[1223,1407,439,465]" class="Trematoda" family="Clinostomidae" genus="Distoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="complanatum">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF78F61AFB6DDAD7FAC8FE74" box="[1223,1407,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. complanatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in our metacercariae: genital complex in the posterior end of the body, testes in tandem with an irregular shape, ovary displaced to lateral and smaller than ootype, cirrus sac with the same size or larger than a testis, and broad caeca (see
<bibRefCitation id="E00261B8FF78F61AFF3DD943FEDFFD98" author="Caffara, M. &amp; Locke, S. A. &amp; Gustinelli, A. &amp; Marcogliese, D. J. &amp; Fioravanti, M. L." box="[151,360,547,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="884 - 891" refId="ref19623" refString="Caffara, M., Locke, S. A., Gustinelli, A., Marcogliese, D. J. &amp; Fioravanti, M. L. (2011) Morphological and molecular differentiation of Clinostomum complanatum and Clinostomum marginatum (Digenea: Clinostomidae) metacercariae and adults. Journal of Parasitology, 97, 884 - 891. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / GE- 2781.1" type="journal article" year="2011">
Caffara
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF78F61AFF5BD943FE96FD98" box="[241,289,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E00261B8FF78F61AFED8D943FE18FD98" author="Caffara, M. &amp; Bruni, G. &amp; Paoletti, C. &amp; Gustinelli, A. &amp; Fioravanti, M. L." box="[370,431,547,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="278 - 285" refId="ref19696" refString="Caffara, M., Bruni, G., Paoletti, C., Gustinelli, A. &amp; Fioravanti, M. L. (2014) Metacercariae of Clinostomum complanatum (Trematoda: Digenea) in European newts Triturus carnifex and Lissotriton vulgaris (Caudata: Salamandridae). Journal of Helminthology, 88, 278 - 285. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0022149 X 13000151" type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
). This study contributes with the first report of a
<taxonomicName id="439367CAFF78F61AFC62D943FBEAFD98" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1856" box="[968,1117,547,573]" class="Trematoda" family="Clinostomatidae" genus="Clinostomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF78F61AFC62D943FBEAFD98" box="[968,1117,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Clinostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in a South American anuran.
<bibRefCitation id="E00261B8FF78F61AFF59D927FE5FFDC4" author="Calhoun, D. M. &amp; Leslie, K. L. &amp; Riepe, T. B. &amp; Achatz, T. J. &amp; McDevitt-Galles, T. &amp; Tkach, V. V. &amp; Johnson, P. T. J." box="[243,488,583,609]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref19771" refString="Calhoun, D. M., Leslie, K. L., Riepe, T. B., Achatz, T. J., McDevitt-Galles, T., Tkach, V. V. &amp; Johnson, P. T. J. (2020) Patterns of Clinostomum marginatum infection in fishes and amphibians: integration of field, genetic, and experimental approaches. Journal of Helminthology. [in press] https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0022149 X 18001244" type="book" year="2020">
Calhoun
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF78F61AFEF0D927FE3AFDC4" box="[346,397,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
. (2020)
</bibRefCitation>
in supplementary material present a reference, Castro-Tavernari
<emphasis id="B6E7C05BFF78F61AFB66D927FB48FDC4" box="[1228,1279,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
(2009), as an anuran record for
<collectingCountry id="FC845CD9FF78F61AFECBD90BFE29FD20" box="[353,414,619,645]" name="Chile" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Chile</collectingCountry>
but this reference concerns on fishes’ parasites from
<collectingCountry id="FC845CD9FF78F61AFC5BD90BFB8EFD20" box="[1009,1081,619,645]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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