251 lines
28 KiB
XML
251 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="72037BF2BAAF41D0321D075353DBAFA6" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725668384680" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kessler, Michael, Smith, Alan R. & Prado, Jefferson" docDate="2017" docId="038F87DDFFF07932FF49FAA6FD26FDCA" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.332.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 332 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Pteris websteri A. R. Sm. & J. Prado, Brittonia" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="230" masterDocId="FFB6FFA5FFEC792FFFC1FFE2FFB1FF8F" masterDocTitle="Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXVII. Pteridaceae" masterLastPageNumber="250" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="229" updateTime="1725679656919" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CB3ED595F94A0370F268D4853862355B">
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<mods:title id="08C445FE1C200363C878911EB4DF193D">Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXVII. Pteridaceae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="6EA013E4248A2A32584248C7400A121E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C303225C89BA59F84C929FC3B89488AA">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D66CE88FE2948891F0B2B2D8B10AE783">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E4EC7B0FD3103E0612CCA87E01E1797C">Kessler, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1BAE2C4E3411AFF887B5607E2C701240">Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH- 8008 Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="37BAE226078B3C95535723762BA2C053" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="113A5F6D72FD2AA8FB1129093BAEDED4">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4CBECA0E6A9EDFBE11B6289C563D9C6E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5A4DA72BEFC430889F05EDF79CAA745F">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="60316033C5600AD89EC51832AE5A257F">University Herbarium, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Bldg. # 2465, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 - 2465</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="ADD624F2459B7BF475E0BEA5F5536AB2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B75BC45BBF232375BB808C10D7BE4092">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F7C4935587789BBE27FE3C925438CF6D">Prado, Jefferson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="468EDD13644D9D7785AD99B53FBF272B">Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Estéfano, 3687, CEP 04301 - 902, São Paulo, SP, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="824D14DF1655747400454C5C0309943C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="82B96A61127F097CDC3A9DB38BFC7676">
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<mods:title id="F553B359000A65DFDCD798B96CEE687D">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="65241AE0801A20093F70E8A53502661A">
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<mods:date id="F60386E22BCD911172CC40423E5055A0">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="54365E34BA36456D0235F19B0B8633A6">2017-12-22</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="925E236387DBB534AB004269B1CE4744" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="04220D30B0746A7F6930D1339075BFD6">332</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="7CC20875EC25559FBB2E5067F5A681ED">201</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="E89D8B10364D2F317121681EDFE3E29D">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="D8954BE2DCA8DF1984D855B63E2FB664">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B801C0295C482F2B338FAFD1A5D5D70B" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9F12B0B863512F930612E8C0916E2C6C" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038F87DDFFF07932FF49FAA6FD26FDCA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87DDFFF07932FF49FAA6FD26FDCA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F87DDFFF07932FF49FAA6FD26FDCA" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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<subSubSection id="C33C6540FFF07933FF49FAA6FB8CFA0E" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9936CBFFF07933FF49FAA6FC44FAD2" blockId="28.[136,1013,1348,1373]" box="[136,1013,1348,1373]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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<heading id="D0D181A7FFF07933FF49FAA6FC44FAD2" box="[136,1013,1348,1373]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FF49FAA6FD30FAD2" ID-CoL="4PV3D" authority="A. R. Sm. & J. Prado, Brittonia" authorityName="A. R. Sm. & J. Prado, Brittonia" box="[136,641,1348,1373]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Pteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="websteri">
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<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FF49FAA6FE80FAD2" bold="true" box="[136,305,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Pteris websteri</emphasis>
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A.R.Sm. & J.Prado, Brittonia
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</taxonomicName>
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56(1): 87(–88), fig. 2E–H. 2004.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936CBFFF07933FF7CFA8AFB8CFA0E" blockId="28.[136,1451,1384,1553]" box="[189,1085,1384,1409]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FF7CFA8AFEA2FA0E" bold="true" box="[189,275,1384,1409]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Range:</emphasis>
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—
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<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FEF1FA8AFE11FA0E" box="[304,416,1384,1409]" name="Colombia" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FE6AFA8AFDBBFA0E" box="[427,522,1384,1409]" name="Ecuador" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FD84FA8AFD26FA0E" box="[581,663,1384,1409]" name="Bolivia" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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(CO); to be expected in
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<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FC6DFA8AFC6EFA0E" box="[940,991,1384,1409]" name="Peru" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Peru</collectingCountry>
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as well.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C6540FFF07932FF7CFA6EFD26FDCA" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8B9936CBFFF07933FF7CFA6EFBFEFA2A" blockId="28.[136,1451,1384,1553]" box="[189,1103,1420,1445]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FF7CFA6EFE97FA2A" bold="true" box="[189,294,1420,1445]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Ecology:</emphasis>
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—Rare (known from 2 collections); in secondary forests;
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<quantity id="4CDE9B2EFFF07933FC6CFA6EFBFAFA2A" box="[941,1099,1420,1445]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.225" metricValueMax="2.35" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="2225.0" valueMax="2350.0" valueMin="2100.0">2100–2350 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936CBFFF07933FF7CFA52FD45F99E" blockId="28.[136,1451,1384,1553]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FF7CFA52FEB8FA46" bold="true" box="[189,265,1456,1481]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Notes:</emphasis>
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—For additional commentary, see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF07933FD4EFA52FC3FFA46" author="Smith, A. R. & Prado, J." box="[655,910,1456,1481]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" pagination="82 - 88" refId="ref45444" refString="Smith, A. R. & Prado, J. (2004) New species of Adiantum and Pteris from the Andes. Brittonia 56 (1): 82 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.1663 / 0007 - 196 X (2004) 056 [0082: NSIAAP] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">Smith & Prado (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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||
. Blades ternate, 2-pinnate-pinnatifid (3-pinnate-pinnatifid at base); proximal pinnae pedicellate, the pedicels very long (ca.
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||
<quantity id="4CDE9B2EFFF07933FC26FA36FB9CFA62" box="[999,1069,1492,1517]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" unit="cm" value="17.0">17 cm</quantity>
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long), not winged; stipes lacking spines; venation free; awns present on costae adaxially.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936CBFFF07933FF49F9A2FC7BF9D6" blockId="28.[136,970,1600,1731]" box="[136,970,1600,1625]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FF49F9A2FEA5F9D6" box="[136,276,1600,1625]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
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||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FF49F9A2FEA5F9D6" bold="true" box="[136,276,1600,1625]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Pteridaceae</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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subfam.
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FEBAF9A2FDE6F9D6" authority="Link" authorityName="Link" box="[379,599,1600,1625]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Vittarioideae">
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<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FEBAF9A2FDA6F9D6" bold="true" box="[379,535,1600,1625]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Vittarioideae</emphasis>
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Link
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</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FDA3F9A2FD64F9D6" baseAuthorityName="PPG I" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[610,725,1600,1625]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Adiantum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FDA3F9A2FD64F9D6" bold="true" box="[610,725,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Adiantum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
plus
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<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FCD0F9A2FC7BF9D6" bold="true" box="[785,970,1600,1625]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Vittarioid ferns</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9936CBFFF07933FF49F984FEDFF9F4" blockId="28.[136,970,1600,1731]" box="[136,366,1638,1659]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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||
=
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FF5BF984FEDFF9F4" authority="Newman" authorityName="Newman" box="[154,366,1638,1659]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Adiantaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Adiantaceae Newman</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9936CBFFF07933FF49F968FDE3F910" blockId="28.[136,970,1600,1731]" box="[136,594,1674,1695]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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||
=
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FF5DF968FEBAF910" box="[156,267,1674,1695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pteridaceae</taxonomicName>
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subfam. Adiantoideae R.M.Tryon
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936CBFFF07933FF49F94CFEFEF94C" blockId="28.[136,970,1600,1731]" box="[136,335,1710,1731]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FF5AF94CFEFEF94C" authority="Ching" authorityName="Ching" box="[155,335,1710,1731]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Vittariaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Vittariaceae Ching</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936CBFFF07932FF49F916FCD3FE8E" blockId="28.[136,1452,1780,2093]" lastBlockId="29.[136,1452,160,581]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
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With the exception of
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FE4DF916FE48F882" baseAuthorityName="PPG I" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[396,505,1780,1805]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Adiantum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FE4DF916FE48F882" box="[396,505,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Adiantum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, this group contains almost exclusively epiphytes. It is characterized by glabrous, simple, apically forked (
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FE6AF8FAFDF1F8BE" box="[427,576,1816,1841]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Hecistopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FE6AF8FAFDF1F8BE" box="[427,576,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Hecistopteris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
), or variously 1–5-pinnate blades. Neotropical vittarioids were treated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF07933FF49F8DEFE88F8DA" author="Benedict, R. C." box="[136,313,1852,1877]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" pagination="445 - 458" refId="ref40632" refString="Benedict, R. C. (1907) The genus Antrophyum - synopsis of the subgenera and the American species. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 34 (9): 445 - 458. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2479065" type="journal article" year="1907">Benedict (1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF07933FE86F8DEFE31F8DA" author="Benedict, R. C." box="[327,384,1852,1877]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" pagination="153 - 190" refId="ref40679" refString="Benedict, R. C. (1911) The genera of the fern tribe Vittarieae: their external morphology, venation, and relationships. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 38 (4): 153 - 190. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2479298" type="journal article" year="1911">1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF07933FE4FF8DEFE7BF8DA" author="Benedict, R. C." box="[398,458,1852,1877]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" pagination="391 - 410" refId="ref40730" refString="Benedict, R. C. (1914) A revision of the genus Vittaria J. E. Smith. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 41 (8): 391 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2479721" type="journal article" year="1914">1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Floristic accounts for vittarioids were provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF07933FBE9F8DEFB0EF8DA" author="Tryon, R. M." box="[1064,1215,1852,1877]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" pagination="1 - 253" refId="ref45997" refString="Tryon, R. M. (1964) The ferns of Peru. Polypodiaceae (Dennstaedtiae to Oleandreae). Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 194: 1 - 253." type="journal article" year="1964">Tryon (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF07933FB3BF8DEFF62F8F6" author="Tryon, R. M. & Stolze, R. G." pageId="28" pageNumber="229" pagination="1 - 123" refId="ref46032" refString="Tryon, R. M. & Stolze, R. G. (1989 - 1994) Pteridophyta of Peru, Parts I - VI. Fieldiana, Botany, n. s., 20: i - iii, 1 - 145, 22: ii - iii, 1 - 128, 27: i - iii, 1 - 176, 29: i - iv, 1 - 80, 32: i - iv, 1 - 190, 34: i - iv, 1 - 123." type="journal article" year="1989">Tryon & Stolze (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
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||
<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FEC9F882FE8FF8F6" box="[264,318,1888,1913]" name="Peru" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Peru</collectingCountry>
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||
, and by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF07933FE67F882FDD0F8F6" author="Lellinger, D. B." box="[422,609,1888,1913]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref42312" refString="Lellinger, D. B. (1972) The botany of the Guyana Highlands. IX. Polypodiaceae subfam. Adiantoideae and subfam. Vittarioideae. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 23: 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1972">Lellinger (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF07933FD5FF882FC87F8F6" author="Smith, A. R." box="[670,822,1888,1913]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" refId="ref45350" refString="Smith, A. R. (1995) Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, vol. 2, Pteridophytes, Spermatophytes: Acanthaceae - Araceae. Gen. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, and Timber Press, Portland, 706 pp." type="book" year="1995">Smith (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the Guayana Highlands and Guayanan
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||
<collectingCountry id="F331765BFFF07933FAF0F882FA19F8F6" box="[1329,1448,1888,1913]" name="Venezuela" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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||
. Blades of vittariads are generally fleshy (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FD7BF866FCFEF812" box="[698,847,1924,1949]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Hecistopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FD7BF866FCFEF812" box="[698,847,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Hecistopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where blades are relatively thin, chartaceous), with linear or reticulate sori along the veins. Most other epiphytic genera of ferns with simple, glabrous blades (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FF49F82EFEADF86A" box="[136,284,1996,2021]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Loxogramme" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FF49F82EFEADF86A" box="[136,284,1996,2021]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Loxogramme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FE88F82EFE5EF86A" box="[329,495,1996,2021]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polypodiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has sori linear and oblique to the main midrib) differ by having parallel, open, free veins and acrostichoid sporangia (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FD43F812FC9EF786" box="[642,815,2032,2057]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Elaphoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FD43F812FC9EF786" box="[642,815,2032,2057]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Elaphoglossum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or by having round sori and areoles with included free veins (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FF15F7F6FE3EF7A2" box="[212,399,2068,2093]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Campyloneurum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FF15F7F6FE3EF7A2" box="[212,399,2068,2093]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Campyloneurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF07933FE5FF7F6FD8EF7A2" box="[414,575,2068,2093]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Microgramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FE5FF7F6FD8EF7A2" box="[414,575,2068,2093]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Microgramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FD99F7F6FDD5F7A2" box="[600,612,2068,2093]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 60.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF07933FD6EF7F6FC3EF7A2" author="Martin, S. L. & Davis, R. & Protto, P. & Lin, T. - C. & Lin, S. - H. & Martin, C. E." box="[687,911,2068,2093]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" pagination="623 - 630" refId="ref42931" refString="Martin, S. L., Davis, R., Protto, P., Lin, T. - C., Lin, S. - H. & Martin, C. E. (2005) The occurrence of Crassulacean acid metabolism in epiphytic ferns, with an emphasis on the Vittariaceae. International Journal of Plant Sciences 166: 623 - 630. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 430334" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Martin
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF07933FCC2F7F6FC84F7A2" box="[771,821,2068,2093]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
adduced evidence for CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism) cycling-acid fluctuations, but without nighttime CO
|
||
<subScript id="17A2348EFFF17932FCAEFF53FCC6FF30" attach="left" box="[879,887,177,191]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">2</subScript>
|
||
uptake-in two vittariad species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF17932FB2EFF42FA1AFF36" box="[1263,1451,160,185]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Vittaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF17932FB2EFF42FA1AFF36" box="[1263,1451,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Vittaria flexuosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF17932FF09FF26FDC3FF52" authority="(Fee) E. H. Crane" authorityName="E. H. Crane" baseAuthorityName="Fee" box="[200,626,196,221]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Haplopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF17932FF09FF26FE03FF52" box="[200,434,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Haplopteris flexuosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Fée) E.H.Crane
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF17932FD71FF26FC3BFF52" box="[688,906,196,221]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Anetium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="citrifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF17932FD71FF26FC3BFF52" box="[688,906,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Anetium citrifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF17932FC10FF26FB6AFF52" box="[977,1243,196,221]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Polytaenium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="citrifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF17932FC10FF26FB6AFF52" box="[977,1243,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Polytaenium citrifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The significance of this finding is both puzzling and needing further investigation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936CBFFF17932FF7CFEEEFA8AFEE2" blockId="29.[136,1452,160,581]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3C96FFF17932FF7CFEEEFB82FEC6" collectingDate="2016-01" collectionCode="A" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED37AE0EFFF17932FF7CFEEEFF61FEAA" box="[189,208,268,293]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
largely pantropical subfamily with nearly 345 species in 12 genera, about two-thirds in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF17932FB5FFEEEFA14FEAA" authority="(PPG I 2016)" baseAuthorityName="PPG I" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[1182,1445,268,293]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Adiantum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF17932FB5FFEEEFABAFEAA" box="[1182,1291,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Adiantum</emphasis>
|
||
(PPG
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDCE9E3FFF17932FA95FEEEFA2CFEAA" box="[1364,1437,268,293]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" value="2016-01">I 2016</collectingDate>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The genus is subcosmopolitan, but most species occur in the tropics and subtropics
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; six genera of vittarioids occur in the Neotropics, three others in the Paleotropics, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF17932FD13FEB6FC96FEE2" box="[722,807,340,365]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Vittaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF17932FD13FEB6FC96FEE2" box="[722,807,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Vittaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
itself is amphioceanic (Neotropics and Africa).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9936CBFFF17932FF7CFE9AFD26FDCA" blockId="29.[136,1452,160,581]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
|
||
Phylogenetically, the vittarioid ferns are monophyletic and sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF17932FC15FE9AFBF0FE1E" baseAuthorityName="PPG I" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[980,1089,376,401]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Adiantum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF17932FC15FE9AFBF0FE1E" box="[980,1089,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Adiantum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF17932FB92FE9AFA16FE1E" author="Rothfels, C. J. & Schuettpelz, E." box="[1107,1447,376,401]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" pagination="31 - 54" refId="ref44540" refString="Rothfels, C. J. & Schuettpelz, E. (2014) Accelerated rate of molecular evolution for vittarioid ferns is strong and not driven by selection. Systematic Biology 63 (1): 31 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syt 058" type="journal article" year="2014">Rothfels & Schuettpelz 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF17932FF49FE7EFEF5FE3A" author="Pryer, K. M. & Huiet, L. & Li, F. - W. & Rothfels, C. J. & Schuettpelz, E." box="[136,324,412,437]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" pagination="17 - 23" refId="ref44076" refString="Pryer, K. M., Huiet, L., Li, F. - W., Rothfels, C. J. & Schuettpelz, E. (2016) Maidenhair ferns, Adiantum, are indeed monophyletic and sister to shoestring ferns, vittarioids (Pteridaceae). Systematic Botany 41 (1): 17 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364416 X 690660" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Pryer
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF17932FF0BFE7EFF4BFE3A" box="[202,250,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the surface, this seems like an unlikely relationship, both on the bases of general morphology and because the two lineages occupy dramatically different habitats-the vittarioids are mostly epiphytic on tree trunks and in forest canopies, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D48FFF17932FE5DFE06FDB8FE72" baseAuthorityName="PPG I" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[412,521,484,509]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Adiantum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF17932FE5DFE06FDB8FE72" box="[412,521,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Adiantum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is almost always terrestrial, or occasionally epipetic (rarely an epiphyte) in seasonal or evergreen forests (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF17932FEB4FDEAFD0EFDAE" author="Rothfels, C. J. & Schuettpelz, E." box="[373,703,520,545]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" pagination="31 - 54" refId="ref44540" refString="Rothfels, C. J. & Schuettpelz, E. (2014) Accelerated rate of molecular evolution for vittarioid ferns is strong and not driven by selection. Systematic Biology 63 (1): 31 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syt 058" type="journal article" year="2014">Rothfels & Schuettpelz 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF17932FD0BFDEAFC3AFDAE" author="Pryer, K. M. & Huiet, L. & Li, F. - W. & Rothfels, C. J. & Schuettpelz, E." box="[714,907,520,545]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" pagination="17 - 23" refId="ref44076" refString="Pryer, K. M., Huiet, L., Li, F. - W., Rothfels, C. J. & Schuettpelz, E. (2016) Maidenhair ferns, Adiantum, are indeed monophyletic and sister to shoestring ferns, vittarioids (Pteridaceae). Systematic Botany 41 (1): 17 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364416 X 690660" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Pryer
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EAD9FFF17932FCCFFDEAFCF1FDAE" box="[782,832,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both groups, however, have some species with idioblast cells in laminar tissue (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B3AFFF17932FE33FDCEFD3AFDCA" author="Sundue, M." box="[498,651,556,581]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" pagination="422 - 435" refId="ref45505" refString="Sundue, M. (2009) Silica bodies and their systematic implications in Pteridaceae (Pteridophyta). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (4): 422 - 435. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.2009.01012. x" type="journal article" year="2009">Sundue 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |