240 lines
21 KiB
XML
240 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714044" ID-GBIF-Dataset="df4b6a3c-ae64-4bcf-a990-77fc6599759c" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-49-1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714044" checkinTime="1633643323770" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2009" docId="038F87D4CA47FFA7CFAB3887FCE6FC62" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_1_Mustelidae_0564.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Lontra longicaudis Gray 1843" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="643" masterDocId="FFB6FFACCA50FFBFCA653C08FF86FF9C" masterDocTitle="Mustelidae" masterLastPageNumber="656" masterPageNumber="564" pageNumber="642" updateTime="1658240032535" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Mustelidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2009</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2009-01-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>564</mods:start>
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<mods:end>656</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714044</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">df4b6a3c-ae64-4bcf-a990-77fc6599759c</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-96553-49-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5714044</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714109" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190302384" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714109" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87D4CA47FFA7CFAB3887FCE6FC62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F87D4CA47FFA7CFAB3887FCE6FC62" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="643" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">
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<heading pageId="23" pageNumber="642">
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<subSubSection box="[1486,1542,1167,1213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[1483,2480,1167,1254]" box="[1486,1542,1167,1213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">
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<figureCitation box="[1486,1542,1167,1213]" captionStart="Plate 35: Mustelidae" captionStartId="22.[135,165,3391,3412]" captionTargetBox="[12,2804,13,3640]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="27. Giant Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis), 28. North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis), 29. Marine Otter (Lontra felina), 30. Neotropical Otter (Lontra longicaudis), 31. Southern River Otter (Lontra provocax), 32. Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris), 33. Spotted-necked Otter (Hydrictis maculicollis), 34. Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra), 35. Hairy-nosed Otter (Lutra sumatrana), 36. African Clawless Otter (Aonyx capensis), 37. Asian Small-clawed Otter (Aonyx cinereus), 38. Smooth-coated Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6363026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6363026/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">30.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1559,1933,1167,1213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[1483,2480,1167,1254]" box="[1559,1933,1167,1213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">
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<vernacularName box="[1559,1933,1167,1213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Neotropical Otter</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1946,2304,1167,1213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[1483,2480,1167,1254]" box="[1946,2304,1167,1213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1843" box="[1946,2304,1167,1213]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lontra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicaudis">
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<emphasis box="[1946,2304,1167,1213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Lontra longicaudis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1485,2479,1231,1252]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[1483,2480,1167,1254]" box="[1485,2479,1231,1252]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">
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<emphasis box="[1485,1561,1231,1252]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1571,1764,1231,1252]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Loutre néotropicale</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis box="[1785,1876,1231,1252]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1885,2183,1231,1252]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Siidamerikanischer Fischotter</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis box="[2203,2294,1231,1252]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2304,2479,1231,1252]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Nutria neotropical</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="642" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[2099,2686,1301,1723]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">
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<emphasis box="[2099,2254,1301,1330]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Olfers, 1818" authorityName="Olfers" authorityYear="1818" box="[2268,2678,1301,1330]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lutra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicaudis">Lutra longicaudis Olfers, 1818</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3707806340" box="[2101,2186,1341,1370]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">
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<collectingCountry box="[2101,2182,1341,1370]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="23.[2099,2686,1301,1723]" box="[2100,2565,1376,1409]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Three subspecies are recognized.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="642" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714217" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714217" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5714217/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" targetBox="[1486,2072,1307,1717]" targetPageId="23">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[2099,2686,1301,1723]" box="[2100,2500,1419,1448]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">
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<emphasis box="[2100,2500,1419,1448]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="23.[2099,2686,1301,1723]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">
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<taxonomicName authority="Olfers, 1818" authorityName="Olfers" authorityYear="1818" box="[2101,2497,1463,1488]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lontra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="longicaudis" subSpecies="longicaudis">L. l. longicaudis Olfers, 1818</taxonomicName>
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—
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<collectingCountry box="[2535,2678,1463,1488]" name="Argentina" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2101,2196,1502,1527]" name="Bolivia" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2212,2329,1502,1527]" name="Ecuador" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, S
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<collectingCountry box="[2372,2453,1502,1527]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2469,2595,1502,1527]" name="Paraguay" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2612,2678,1502,1527]" name="Peru" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[2163,2283,1538,1567]" name="Uruguay" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="23.[2099,2686,1301,1723]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">
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<taxonomicName authority="Major, 1897" authorityName="Major" authorityYear="1897" box="[2101,2484,1577,1606]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lontra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="longicaudis" subSpecies="annectens">L. l. annectens Major, 1897</taxonomicName>
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—
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<collectingCountry box="[2531,2616,1577,1606]" name="Belize" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Belize</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Colombia" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2218,2367,1620,1645]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2385,2502,1620,1645]" name="Ecuador" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2521,2679,1620,1645]" name="El Salvador" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2101,2255,1659,1684]" name="Guatemala" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2276,2418,1659,1684]" name="Honduras" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2440,2544,1659,1684]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2566,2679,1659,1684]" name="Panama" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Panama</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2101,2245,1698,1723]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[2322,2469,1698,1723]" name="Venezuela" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="23.[1484,2688,1738,3454]" box="[1485,2386,1738,1763]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">
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<taxonomicName authority="Cuvier, 1823" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1823" box="[1485,1821,1738,1763]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lontra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="longicaudis" subSpecies="enudris">L. l. enudris Cuvier, 1823</taxonomicName>
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— NE
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<collectingCountry box="[1910,1991,1738,1763]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, the Guyanas, and
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<collectingCountry box="[2258,2381,1738,1763]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="642" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[1484,2688,1738,3454]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">
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<emphasis box="[1484,1731,1769,1802]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity box="[1903,2030,1769,1802]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" unit="cm" value="51.0" valueMax="66.0" valueMin="36.0">36-66 cm</quantity>
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,tail
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||
<quantity box="[2103,2237,1769,1802]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.05" metricValueMax="8.4" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" unit="cm" value="60.5" valueMax="84.0" valueMin="37.0">37-84 cm</quantity>
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; weight
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||
<quantity box="[2352,2460,1769,1802]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" unit="kg" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">5-15 kg</quantity>
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, adult males are 20-25% larger than females. The Neotropical Otter is heavily built, with a long body, short limbs, and fully webbed feet. The pelage is dark brown, with a gray neck and throat. The muzzle is broad, with a yellowish white tip and long vibrissae on each side. The skull is heavy, long, and flat.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="642" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph blockId="23.[1484,2688,1738,3454]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">
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<emphasis box="[1484,1595,1974,1999]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Neotropical Otters are found in fast flowing, clear rivers and streams, in both deciduous and evergreen forests, at elevations up to
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<quantity box="[2243,2350,2009,2038]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
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||
. They prefer waterways with clear water, abundant waterside vegetation, and high availability of potential den sites; they are rare or absent from sluggish, murky, lowland waters. In Northern
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<collectingRegion box="[1486,1590,2123,2156]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Mexico</collectingRegion>
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, along a
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<quantity box="[1725,1811,2123,2156]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
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stretch ofriver, the habitat preferred by a Neotropical Otter included pools that averaged more than
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<quantity box="[2050,2126,2163,2196]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" unit="m" value="4.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="0.0">0-8 m</quantity>
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deep, more than 14-
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<quantity box="[2419,2470,2163,2196]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
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wide, with over 64% understory vegetation cover, and rock talus/vegetation cover within
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<quantity box="[2517,2594,2206,2235]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" unit="m" value="6.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.0">4-8 m</quantity>
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of the water's edge.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="642" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[1484,2688,1738,3454]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">
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<emphasis box="[1485,1754,2281,2314]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The diet is mainly fish, but also includes crustaceans, molluscs, small mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects. In southern
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<collectingCountry box="[2317,2398,2320,2353]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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||
, spraint analysis revealed a diet comprising mainly fish (including Loricariidae, Callichthyidae,
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cichlidae</taxonomicName>
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, Pimelodidae, Auchenipteridae, and
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<taxonomicName box="[2094,2277,2407,2432]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Erythrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Erythrinidae</taxonomicName>
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), and also mammals and insects. In the coastal plain of
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<collectingRegion box="[1888,2174,2442,2471]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Santa Catarina State</collectingRegion>
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, southern
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<collectingCountry box="[2328,2409,2442,2471]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, spraints contained fish (mainly
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<taxonomicName authorityName="T.N.Gill" authorityYear="1903" box="[1660,1759,2481,2510]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Erythrinidae" genus="Hoplias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hoplias</taxonomicName>
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malabaricus and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Quoy & Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1992,2273,2481,2510]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">Geophagus brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
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) and crustaceans (mainly the river crab Trichodactylus fluviatilis). The presence of fruits, reptiles, birds, and mammals in the diet was occasional and opportunistic. On Ibera Lake,
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<collectingCountry box="[2472,2615,2560,2589]" name="Argentina" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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, 205 spraints contained mainly fish (
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<taxonomicName box="[1941,2077,2595,2628]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cichlidae</taxonomicName>
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, Characidae, Synbranchidae, Loricariidae, and
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<taxonomicName box="[1548,1731,2639,2668]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Erythrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="642" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Erythrinidae</taxonomicName>
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), but also crustaceans and molluscs. Seasonal variation was observed in the diet: in the summer, crustaceans and vertebrates (other than fish) increased. A higher percentage of benthic fish species was also observed in the summer, while pelagic and benthopelagic species increased in the winter. Such dietary changes may have resulted from the different habitat used in different seasons, from the lake coast in winter towards a more internal marshy area in summer. Foraging dives last 20-30 seconds. Small prey are eaten while in an upright position at the water’s surface; large prey are taken ashore.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="642" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[1484,2688,1738,3454]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">
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<emphasis box="[1484,1722,2949,2982]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Mainly diurnal, with activity peaks in the middle or late afternoon. May become nocturnal in areas of high human activity. Rest sites are in natural cavities along riverbanks, in excavated burrows, or in dense grass. In
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<collectingCountry box="[2452,2534,3028,3061]" name="Brazil" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, two large caves were also used as shelters and to raise young. Neotropical Otters mainly use rest sites located high on riverbanks, probably because they are less vulnerable to flooding. Sprainting sites are usually on solid, high and dry areas, in close proximity to deep water; these sites include logs, root systems, rocks, sand bars, and planks under bridges.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="642" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[1484,2688,1738,3454]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">
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<emphasis box="[1486,2213,3268,3297]" pageId="23" pageNumber="642">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Neotropical Otters are graceful swimmers and divers, and are seldom seen out of the water. On land, they move with a humping gait, with the head and tail carried low. Neotropical Otters are solitary, but breeding pairs and females with young are seen occasionally. Population densities vary from 0-8 to 2-8 otters per km of shoreline.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="643" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[154,1361,286,1025]" pageId="24" pageNumber="643">
|
||
<emphasis box="[156,290,286,315]" pageId="24" pageNumber="643">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Mating occurs mostly in spring, but may occur throughout the year in certain localities. Gestation lasts 56-86 days. Litter size may be up to five, but is typically two or three. Births occur in nests of grass and leaves located on the banks of streams, in hollow logs or trees, among root systems, or in cavities excavated by the female. The young are born blind but fully furred. Their eyes open after 44 days, and they start to venture outside the natal den when c. 52 days old. Aquatic activity starts at c. 74 days. Before they are old enough to follow the female, the young spend most of the day playing near the natal den. Females raise the young alone as males do not provide parental care.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="643" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[154,1361,286,1025]" pageId="24" pageNumber="643">
|
||
<emphasis box="[156,505,640,669]" pageId="24" pageNumber="643">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[517,607,640,669]" pageId="24" pageNumber="643">CITES</collectionCode>
|
||
Appendix I. Classified as Data Deficient in The
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1282,1361,640,669]" pageId="24" pageNumber="643">IUCN</collectionCode>
|
||
Red List. Because the Neotropical Otter is secretive and lives in remote areas, the status of populations is unknown in many regions. The major threat for this species is hunting for its pelt. Another threat is water pollution caused by mining and ranching. Neoptropical Otters are sometimes kept in captivity and trained to catch fish. Conservation goals should aim at reducing hunting pressure, protecting areas, and enacting stricter regulations to prevent water pollution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="643" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[154,1361,286,1025]" pageId="24" pageNumber="643">
|
||
<emphasis box="[156,307,919,944]" pageId="24" pageNumber="643">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[315,372,919,944]" name="Morocco" pageId="24" pageNumber="643">Arcila</collectingCountry>
|
||
& Ramirez (2004), Gallo (1991), Helder & Ker De Andrade (1997), Kasper et al. (2004), Lariviere (1999b), Mondolfi (1970), Pardini & Trajano (1999), Parera (1993), Passamani & Camargo (1995), Quadros & Monteiro-Filho (2001), Van Zyll de Jong (1972), Wozencraft (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |