treatments-xml/data/03/8F/87/038F87C7FFFDFFD3FF5B0BF3FF52FD96.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3872.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="55624991-3936-4a79-9ae0-39076cc7b826" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="287220" ID-ZooBank="900D59EC-C85C-4DE0-A7AE-E1731FBA4183" checkinTime="1460926374660" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tchesunov, Alexei V., Thanh, Nguyen Vu &amp; Tu, Nguyen Dinh" docDate="2014" docId="038F87C7FFFDFFD3FF5B0BF3FF52FD96" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03872p074.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3872 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Litinium" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="73" masterDocId="FFB6FFBFFFF3FFC3FFCC0947FFABFFF6" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Litinium Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda: Enoplida: Oxystominidae) with descriptions of four new species from two contrasting habitats" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1677695938466" updateUser="juliana">
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<mods:title>A review of the genus Litinium Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda: Enoplida: Oxystominidae) with descriptions of four new species from two contrasting habitats</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Tchesunov, Alexei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Thanh, Nguyen Vu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Tu, Nguyen Dinh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2014-08-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number>3872</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3872.1.5</mods:identifier>
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Pictorial key for valid species of 
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[556,662,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Litinium</emphasis>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,662,692,751]" box="[151,331,726,751]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
(
<figureCitation box="[159,228,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1911,1933]" captionTargetBox="[168,1416,184,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[156,1432,169,1908]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pictorial guide for valid Litinium species. Caricatured images of species taken from published descriptions: abyssorum — orig.; aequale — Gerlach, 1958; bananum — Gerlach, 1956; curticauda — orig.; obtusilobus — Bussau, 1993; parmatum — Wieser, 1954; profundorum — orig.; quangi — orig.; subterraneum — Tchesunov et al., 2010; volutum — Gerlach, 1962." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287226/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
Fig. 
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, 
<tableCitation box="[239,323,726,751]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,239,1118,1141]" captionTargetBox="[159,1416,1201,1862]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 4. Morphometry of valid Litinium species (values rounded, males and females lumped together). Measurements in µ m." pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
Table 
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)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1436,798,1075]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
We propose a guide for rapid identification of species of 
<taxonomicName box="[820,915,799,822]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[820,915,799,822]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Litinium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the principles and practice of 
<bibRefCitation author="Platt" firstAuthor="Platt" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" refId="ref8658" refString="Platt, H. M. (1984) Pictorial taxonomic keys: their construction and use for the identification of freeliving marine nematodes. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 25, 83 - 91." type="journal article" year="1984">
Platt (
<number box="[159,217,835,859]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="1984.0">1984</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
and his coauthors (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation author="Platt &amp; Warwick" box="[495,751,834,859]" firstAuthor="Platt" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" refId="ref8694" refString="Platt, H. M. &amp; Warwick, R. M. (1983) Free-living marine nematodes. Part I. British Enoplids. Pictorial keys to world genera and notes for the identification of British species. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) No. 28. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 307 pp." type="book" year="1983">
Platt &amp; Warwick 
<number box="[691,751,835,859]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="1983.0">1983</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). The guide consists of two parts, a set of simplified pictures for each valid species (
<figureCitation box="[409,474,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[229,1359,202,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[216,1371,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Litinium quangi sp. n., entire and anterior body. A: holotype male, entire; B: allotype female, entire; C: holotype male, anterior body; D: allotype female, anterior body. Scale bars: A, B 500 µ m; C, D 100 µ m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287221/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
Fig. 
<number box="[462,474,871,895]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="1.0">1</number>
</figureCitation>
) and a table of the important dimensions showing how they vary from one species to another (
<tableCitation box="[251,337,906,931]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,688,711]" captionTargetBox="[159,1354,780,1700]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometry of Litinium quangi sp. n. Measurements in µ m." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF596659FFF5FFC5FF5B0BF7FC0DFD31" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" tableUuid="DF596659FFF5FFC5FF5B0BF7FC0DFD31">
Table 
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). The species pictures are arranged in a sequence of gradual decreasing length of anterior setae (inner labial, outer labial and cephalic setae) from the top left to the bottom right corner of the page. Other characters important for species recognition are shape of the amphideal fovea, tail shape, and number and position of the midventral precloacal supplementary setae. A species identification made from the pictures can be verified by comparison with data in 
<tableCitation box="[463,547,1050,1075]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,688,711]" captionTargetBox="[159,1354,780,1700]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometry of Litinium quangi sp. n. Measurements in µ m." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF596659FFF5FFC5FF5B0BF7FC0DFD31" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" tableUuid="DF596659FFF5FFC5FF5B0BF7FC0DFD31">
Table 
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.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1435,1118,1173]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,265,1118,1141]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
Morphometry of valid 
<taxonomicName box="[516,606,1118,1141]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[516,606,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Litinium</emphasis>
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species (values rounded, males and females lumped together). Measurements in 
<emphasis box="[178,193,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">µ</emphasis>
m.
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
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<th box="[159,300,1201,1223]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Species</th>
<th box="[358,473,1201,1223]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Characters</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[159,1416,1242,1387]" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[358,473,1242,1387]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Body L</td>
<td box="[499,574,1242,1387]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">a</td>
<td box="[613,677,1242,1387]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">c</td>
<td box="[727,819,1242,1387]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">c'</td>
<td box="[845,1043,1242,1387]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">i.l.s.–o.l.s. c.s.</td>
<td box="[1085,1148,1242,1387]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">spic.</td>
<td box="[1207,1293,1242,1387]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">number of preanal supplem ents</td>
<td box="[1319,1416,1242,1387]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">distance of posterior most suppleme</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[159,1416,1397,1448]" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<td box="[1319,1416,1397,1448]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">nt to cloaca</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[159,1416,1468,1490]" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<th box="[159,300,1468,1490]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName box="[159,269,1468,1490]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="abyssorum">
<emphasis box="[159,269,1468,1490]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">abyssorum</emphasis>
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</th>
<td box="[358,473,1468,1490]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[358,447,1468,1490]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="803.5" valueMax="897.0" valueMin="710.0">710–897</number>
</td>
<td box="[499,574,1468,1490]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[499,562,1468,1490]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="60.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="51.0">51–70</number>
</td>
<td box="[613,677,1468,1490]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[613,676,1468,1490]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="14.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="13.0">13–16</number>
</td>
<td box="[727,819,1468,1490]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[727,803,1468,1490]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="4.7" valueMax="5.8" valueMin="3.6">3.6–5.8</number>
</td>
<td box="[845,921,1468,1490]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[845,883,1468,1490]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4</number>
</td>
<td box="[967,1043,1468,1490]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[967,999,1468,1490]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="2.5">2.5</number>
</td>
<td box="[1085,1148,1468,1490]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[1085,1136,1468,1490]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="10.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.0">
8– 
<date box="[1111,1136,1468,1490]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="2012-02-01">12</date>
</number>
</td>
<td box="[1207,1293,1468,1490]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[1207,1220,1468,1490]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="1.0">1</number>
</td>
<td box="[1319,1416,1468,1490]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[1319,1332,1468,1490]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="2.0">2</number>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[159,1416,1509,1531]" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<th box="[159,300,1509,1531]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName box="[159,239,1509,1531]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aequale">
<emphasis box="[159,239,1509,1531]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">aequale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[358,473,1509,1531]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<date box="[358,473,1509,1531]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="1663" valueMax="1900">
<number box="[358,473,1509,1531]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="1781.5" valueMax="1900.0" valueMin="1663.0">1663–1900</number>
</date>
</td>
<td box="[499,574,1509,1531]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[499,562,1509,1531]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="61.5" valueMax="67.0" valueMin="56.0">56–67</number>
</td>
<td box="[613,677,1509,1531]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[613,639,1509,1531]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="76.0">76</number>
</td>
<td box="[727,819,1509,1531]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[727,771,1509,1531]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="0.86">0.86</number>
calc
</td>
<td box="[845,921,1509,1531]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[845,896,1509,1531]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="9.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="9.0">
9– 
<date box="[871,896,1509,1531]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="1927-09-10" valueMax="1927-10-10" valueMin="1927-09-10">10</date>
</number>
</td>
<td box="[967,1043,1509,1531]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[967,1019,1509,1531]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="9.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="9.0">9–10</number>
</td>
<td box="[1085,1148,1509,1531]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[1085,1111,1509,1531]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="27.0">27</number>
</td>
<td box="[1207,1293,1509,1531]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[1207,1220,1509,1531]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="2.0">2</number>
</td>
<td box="[1319,1416,1509,1531]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">?</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[159,1416,1550,1572]" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<th box="[159,300,1550,1572]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName box="[159,253,1550,1572]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bananum">
<emphasis box="[159,253,1550,1572]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">bananum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[358,473,1550,1572]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[358,473,1550,1572]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="2682.5" valueMax="3225.0" valueMin="2140.0">2140–3225</number>
</td>
<td box="[499,574,1550,1572]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[499,574,1550,1572]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="122.0" valueMax="146.0" valueMin="98.0">98–146</number>
</td>
<td box="[613,677,1550,1572]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[613,639,1550,1572]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="20.0">20</number>
</td>
<td box="[727,819,1550,1572]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[727,765,1550,1572]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">
6– 
<date box="[754,765,1550,1572]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="2010-08-12" valueMax="2010-08-14" valueMin="2010-08-12">8</date>
</number>
</td>
<td box="[845,921,1550,1572]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[845,909,1550,1572]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12–14</number>
</td>
<td box="[967,1043,1550,1572]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[967,993,1550,1572]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="10.0">10</number>
</td>
<td box="[1085,1148,1550,1572]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<number box="[1085,1111,1550,1572]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" value="21.0">21</number>
</td>
<td box="[1207,1293,1550,1572]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">?</td>
<td box="[1319,1416,1550,1572]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">?</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[159,1416,1592,1614]" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<th box="[159,300,1592,1614]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName box="[159,268,1592,1614]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="curticauda">
<emphasis box="[159,268,1592,1614]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">curticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[358,473,1592,1614]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">2866</td>
<td box="[499,574,1592,1614]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">68</td>
<td box="[613,677,1592,1614]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">119</td>
<td box="[727,819,1592,1614]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">0.83</td>
<td box="[845,921,1592,1614]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">1.5–1.5</td>
<td box="[967,1043,1592,1614]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">1.5</td>
<td box="[1085,1148,1592,1614]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">43–49</td>
<td box="[1207,1293,1592,1614]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">2</td>
<td box="[1319,1416,1592,1614]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[159,1416,1633,1655]" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<th box="[159,300,1633,1655]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName box="[159,276,1633,1655]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="obtusilobus">
<emphasis box="[159,276,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">obtusilobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[358,473,1633,1655]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">680, 1600</td>
<td box="[499,574,1633,1655]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">32–45</td>
<td box="[613,677,1633,1655]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">21–40</td>
<td box="[727,819,1633,1655]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">1.5</td>
<td box="[845,921,1633,1655]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">4–4</td>
<td box="[967,1043,1633,1655]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">5</td>
<td box="[1085,1148,1633,1655]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">-</td>
<td box="[1207,1293,1633,1655]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">-</td>
<td box="[1319,1416,1633,1655]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">-</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[159,1416,1674,1696]" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<th box="[159,300,1674,1696]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName box="[159,263,1675,1696]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parmatum">
<emphasis box="[159,263,1675,1696]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">parmatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[358,473,1674,1696]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">2610</td>
<td box="[499,574,1674,1696]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">79</td>
<td box="[613,677,1674,1696]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">37</td>
<td box="[727,819,1674,1696]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">4.2</td>
<td box="[845,921,1674,1696]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">7–7</td>
<td box="[967,1043,1674,1696]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">18</td>
<td box="[1085,1148,1674,1696]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">-</td>
<td box="[1207,1293,1674,1696]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">-</td>
<td box="[1319,1416,1674,1696]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">-</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[159,1416,1716,1738]" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<th box="[159,300,1716,1738]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName box="[159,292,1716,1738]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="profundorum">
<emphasis box="[159,292,1716,1738]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">profundorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[358,473,1716,1738]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">1196</td>
<td box="[499,574,1716,1738]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">52</td>
<td box="[613,677,1716,1738]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">41</td>
<td box="[727,819,1716,1738]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">1.2</td>
<td box="[845,921,1716,1738]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">2–4</td>
<td box="[967,1043,1716,1738]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">5.5</td>
<td box="[1085,1148,1716,1738]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">20</td>
<td box="[1207,1293,1716,1738]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">2</td>
<td box="[1319,1416,1716,1738]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">33</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[159,1416,1757,1779]" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<th box="[159,300,1757,1779]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName box="[159,229,1758,1779]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="quangi">
<emphasis box="[159,229,1758,1779]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">quangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[358,473,1757,1779]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">2523–2918</td>
<td box="[499,574,1757,1779]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">81–118</td>
<td box="[613,677,1757,1779]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">72–97</td>
<td box="[727,819,1757,1779]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">1.1–1.6</td>
<td box="[845,921,1757,1779]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">1.5–2.5</td>
<td box="[967,1043,1757,1779]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">1.5–2.5</td>
<td box="[1085,1148,1757,1779]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">30–33</td>
<td box="[1207,1293,1757,1779]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">1</td>
<td box="[1319,1416,1757,1779]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">32–35</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[159,1416,1798,1820]" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<th box="[159,300,1798,1820]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName box="[159,300,1798,1820]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="subterraneum">
<emphasis box="[159,300,1798,1820]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">subterraneum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[358,473,1798,1820]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">1532–2305</td>
<td box="[499,574,1798,1820]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">70–85</td>
<td box="[613,677,1798,1820]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">27–32</td>
<td box="[727,819,1798,1820]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">3.5–5.7</td>
<td box="[845,921,1798,1820]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">2.5–4</td>
<td box="[967,1043,1798,1820]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">2–4</td>
<td box="[1085,1148,1798,1820]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">21–23</td>
<td box="[1207,1293,1798,1820]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">2</td>
<td box="[1319,1416,1798,1820]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">23–34</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[159,1416,1840,1862]" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<th box="[159,300,1840,1862]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName box="[159,241,1840,1862]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="volutum">
<emphasis box="[159,241,1840,1862]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">volutum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td box="[358,473,1840,1862]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">1177</td>
<td box="[499,574,1840,1862]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">25</td>
<td box="[613,677,1840,1862]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">44</td>
<td box="[727,819,1840,1862]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">1</td>
<td box="[845,921,1840,1862]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">13–15</td>
<td box="[967,1043,1840,1862]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">11</td>
<td box="[1085,1148,1840,1862]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">28</td>
<td box="[1207,1293,1840,1862]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">4</td>
<td box="[1319,1416,1840,1862]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">?</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287226/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" targetBox="[168,1416,184,1892]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,1911,2025]" pageId="15" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,279,1911,1933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="72">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Pictorial guide for valid 
<taxonomicName box="[556,642,1913,1934]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[556,642,1913,1934]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="72">Litinium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. Caricatured images of species taken from published descriptions: 
<taxonomicName box="[151,261,1942,1964]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="abyssorum">
<emphasis box="[151,261,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="72">abyssorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—orig.; 
<taxonomicName box="[356,436,1942,1964]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aequale">
<emphasis box="[356,436,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="72">aequale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation author="Gerlach S. A." box="[463,618,1942,1964]" journalOrPublisher="Kieler Meeresforschungen" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="64 - 90" part="14" refId="ref8401" refString="Gerlach S. A. (1958 a) Die Nematodenfauna der sublitoralen Region in der Kileler Bucht. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 14, 64 - 90." title="Die Nematodenfauna der sublitoralen Region in der Kileler Bucht" type="journal article" year="1958">Gerlach, 1958</bibRefCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName box="[638,732,1942,1964]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bananum">
<emphasis box="[638,732,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="72">bananum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation author="Gerlach, S. A." box="[759,915,1942,1964]" journalOrPublisher="Kieler Meeresforschungen" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="85 - 109" part="12" refId="ref8375" refString="Gerlach, S. A. (1956) Diagnosen neuer Nematoden aus der Kieler Bucht. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 12, 85 - 109." title="Diagnosen neuer Nematoden aus der Kieler Bucht" type="journal article" year="1956">Gerlach, 1956</bibRefCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName box="[935,1045,1942,1964]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="curticauda">
<emphasis box="[935,1045,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="72">curticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—orig.; 
<taxonomicName box="[1140,1257,1942,1964]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="obtusilobus">
<emphasis box="[1140,1257,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="72">obtusilobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation author="Bussau, G." bookContentInfo="PhD thesis, University of Kiel" box="[1284,1432,1942,1964]" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="621" refId="ref8164" refString="Bussau, G. (1993) Taxonomische und okologische Untersuchungen an Nematoden des Peru-Beckens. PhD thesis, University of Kiel, 621 pp." title="Taxonomische und okologische Untersuchungen an Nematoden des Peru-Beckens" type="book" year="1993">Bussau, 1993</bibRefCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName box="[151,255,1974,1995]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parmatum">
<emphasis box="[151,255,1974,1995]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="72">parmatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation author="Wieser, W." box="[280,421,1972,1994]" journalOrPublisher="Osterreichische zoologische Zeitschrift" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="172 - 230" part="5" refId="ref9097" refString="Wieser, W. (1954) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Nematoden submariner Hohlen. Ergebnisse der osterreichischen TyrrheniaExpedition 1952, Teil II. Osterreichische zoologische Zeitschrift, 5, 172 - 230." title="Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Nematoden submariner Hohlen. Ergebnisse der osterreichischen TyrrheniaExpedition 1952, Teil II" type="journal article" year="1954">Wieser, 1954</bibRefCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName box="[435,568,1972,1994]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="profundorum">
<emphasis box="[435,568,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="72">profundorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—orig.; 
<taxonomicName box="[657,727,1974,1995]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="quangi">
<emphasis box="[657,727,1974,1995]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="72">quangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—orig.; 
<taxonomicName box="[817,958,1972,1994]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="subterraneum">
<emphasis box="[817,958,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="72">subterraneum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation author="Tchesunov, A. V. &amp; Mokievsky, V. O. &amp; Thanh, N. V." box="[984,1228,1972,1995]" journalOrPublisher="Russian Journal of Nematology" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="155 - 172" part="18" refId="ref8994" refString="Tchesunov, A. V., Mokievsky, V. O. &amp; Thanh, N. V. (2010) Three new free-living nematode species (Nematoda, Enoplida) from mangrove habitats of Nha Trang, Central Vietnam. Russian Journal of Nematology, 18, 155 - 172." title="Three new free-living nematode species (Nematoda, Enoplida) from mangrove habitats of Nha Trang, Central Vietnam" type="journal article" year="2010">
Tchesunov 
<emphasis box="[1103,1158,1972,1995]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName box="[1243,1325,1972,1994]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="volutum">
<emphasis box="[1243,1325,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="72">volutum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation author="Gerlach, S. A." journalOrPublisher="Kieler Meeresforschungen" pageId="15" pageNumber="72" pagination="81 - 108" part="17" refId="ref8468" refString="Gerlach, S. A. (1962) Freilebende Meesernematoden von den Maledivien. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 17, 81 - 108." title="Freilebende Meesernematoden von den Maledivien" type="journal article" year="1962">Gerlach, 1962</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1437,151,608]" pageId="16" pageNumber="73">
Several species of 
<taxonomicName box="[422,517,153,176]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[422,517,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="73">Litinium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known from either males (
<taxonomicName box="[892,1047,151,176]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="curticauda">
<emphasis box="[892,1047,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="73">L. curticauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[1067,1248,151,176]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="profundorum">
<emphasis box="[1067,1248,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="73">L. profundorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[1267,1391,151,176]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="volutum">
<emphasis box="[1267,1391,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="73">L. volutum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or females (
<taxonomicName box="[259,422,188,213]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="obtusilobus">
<emphasis box="[259,422,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="73">L. obtusilobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[441,591,189,212]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parmatum">
<emphasis box="[441,591,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="73">L. parmatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) only. This may make species identification difficult because of sexual dimorphism in shape of the amphideal fovea that occurs in some species. Thus, in 
<taxonomicName box="[1129,1252,223,248]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="aequale">
<emphasis box="[1129,1252,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="73">L. aequale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the aperture is depicted in the middle of the fovea of females but at the anterior edge of the fovea of males. However, descriptions of females and males were made by different authors and strict comparison is not possible because the male head is not drawn in a fully lateral position. In L. 
<taxonomicName box="[620,724,332,357]" class="Adenophorea" family="Oxystominidae" genus="Litinium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bananum">
<emphasis box="[620,724,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="73">bananum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the dimorphism of the amphideal fovea is more evident: in the female, the aperture is situated within the frame of the amphideal fovea but more close to its anterior edge while in the male the aperture breaks the anterior edge of the fovea thus making the latter crescent-shaped. Other known species, described using both sexes, have no marked dimorphism in amphid outline or other characters other than size (males may be smaller).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1437,151,608]" pageId="16" pageNumber="73">
In the pictorial key, icons of males are given where possible. Males are preferable for identification as they have additional characters such as precloacal organs. In the 
<tableCitation box="[842,927,548,573]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,688,711]" captionTargetBox="[159,1354,780,1700]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometry of Litinium quangi sp. n. Measurements in µ m." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF596659FFF5FFC5FF5B0BF7FC0DFD31" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" tableUuid="DF596659FFF5FFC5FF5B0BF7FC0DFD31">
Table 
<number box="[913,927,548,572]" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" value="1.0">1</number>
</tableCitation>
, size values of males and females are given together.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>