362 lines
47 KiB
XML
362 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document id="B9F7788D3AF05DAE6E74610131C03241" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3869.4.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4947280" ID-ZooBank="8F80DD5E-F5FC-40DF-BCE5-C404FA7A6577" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623693540977" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Rasmussen, Arne Redsted, Sanders, Kate Laura, Guinea, Michael L. & Amey, Andrew P." docDate="2014" docId="038F87C0FFAFFFDAFF48FE8DFA53F9CE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03869p371.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3869 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hydrophis" docType="key" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="367" masterDocId="FFB6FFB8FFA4FFCAFFDFFFB5FFCFFFAB" masterDocTitle="Sea snakes in Australian waters (Serpentes: subfamilies Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae) - a review with an updated identification key" masterLastPageNumber="371" masterPageNumber="351" pageNumber="362" updateTime="1698965161622" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="BA8AED48805F7F0495CBCE792F19B515" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="614A1C19A322E52C7C4CAD7E90A51988">
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<mods:title id="3CBCB222D7323977AD06861FE05F286E">Sea snakes in Australian waters (Serpentes: subfamilies Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae) - a review with an updated identification key</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="2C21E5AD16BF1BAA28B2E324F039F439" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B84E99A12F5D679F923CB83146D3E69A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DAADC2AF5EA2C50BA0D67019027254F7">Rasmussen, Arne Redsted</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C9581B82CC545A788BD627D00D1464A1">The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts Schools of Architecture, Design and Conservation. Esplanaden 34 DK- 1264, Copenhagen K, Denmark. E-mail: arr @ kadk. dk</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B5F672A4C20148FFD052F0F67E48B895" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CF414296F61FB9EFD66468C32790755F">Sanders, Kate Laura</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="907128E0CAAC14A1BA84CBC0C6DF9E54">School of Earth and Environmental Science. University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="97C97CEE5D79FB4FE125C9086095CEB0" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A6EFCFCB936FC150550EE1E403DE96CB">
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<mods:roleTerm id="32FC7095FBF8DAE140F7A4790E888E19">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7A890EFC2A51A8ED3E92CA6CD424914D">Guinea, Michael L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CE68F478FFF737569AE4D9172AABBFEF">School of Environmental. Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territories 0909, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="FF2EDE78924AB6D358A46FB0CE5341B2" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="58B9CA0BBEC1CBB06475DA074BA8EFE9">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B452CFC1D246E30C423DF0B044015BD7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F12D84D6E195A05475F5C9D16DEE4EC8">Amey, Andrew P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="925334D091B71D280D983FE0A840CD2A">Queensland Museum. PO Box 3300, South Brisbane BC. Queensland 4101, Australia. E-mail: andrew. amey @ qm. qld. gov. au</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="583AAD2718FA25DFFD30DE01D3AADA0C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="168C60E641683CBA17C92B137F01C2ED">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4E626582B45F5CA08B17485D5B91EF97">
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<mods:date id="F4D2161E65A7961DF7AB2315DD10E94C">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="ADD643F119402FBFD0D6651EDD6C8475">2014-10-02</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="3BBAE8D8B47EBC6F4EDCFB50D2DE5E28" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="3096A1FDDA73DF8C3C676845286F680E">3869</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="DC663200DAD8B6AB7478F1877461D955" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="5248A9C4A7B51A84EF0ACAA585CE7676">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="9EBB641CE707006D1487026DEEB3ACF0">351</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="D0C6080EE58A9B2B2EAC37720DAD9C11">371</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="2F5AC9581525F4C4E945A7C790E2CD4C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="82B025C5A4E53BD6B89C8F6E529CE0AA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3869.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9DF6A504D9879DFCF6BE58B12FFC0E1D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection id="E2A92F3DFFAFFFDAFF48FE8DFA53F9CE" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" type="multiple">
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<treatment id="038F87C0FFAFFFDAFF48FE8DFA53F9CE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C0FFAFFFDAFF48FE8DFA53F9CE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F87C0FFAFFFDAFF48FE8DFA53F9CE" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
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<subSubSection id="C33C655DFFAFFFC1FF48FE8DFCB4FEFA" box="[151,891,311,338]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FE8DFCB4FEFA" blockId="11.[151,891,311,338]" box="[151,891,311,338]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
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<heading id="D0D181BAFFAFFFC1FF48FE8DFCB4FEFA" bold="true" box="[151,891,311,338]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAFFFC1FF48FE8DFCB4FEFA" bold="true" box="[151,891,311,338]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
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A key to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFAFFFC1FE5BFE82FDCCFEFA" authority="Latreille, 1801" box="[388,515,311,337]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAFFFC1FE5BFE82FDCCFEFA" bold="true" box="[388,515,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">Hydrophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFAFFFC1FD9FFE82FCB4FEFA" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[576,891,311,337]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Microcephalophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAFFFC1FD9FFE82FCB4FEFA" bold="true" box="[576,891,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">Microcephalophis gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C655DFFAFFFDAFF48FEC2FA53F9CE" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" type="key">
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FEC2FF66FE27" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,169,375,396]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">1.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FE20FA54FE01" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1435,405,426]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
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A Elongated mental shield several times longer than broad (
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<figureCitation id="131D2A53FFAFFFC1FCD7FE20FCF4FE01" box="[776,827,405,426]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,959,981]" captionTargetBox="[328,1256,189,934]" captionTargetId="figure-82@12.[323,1263,181,938]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Elongated mental shield several times longer than broad (left): H. zweifeli. Mental shield not much longer than broad (right)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947296/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">Fig.9</figureCitation>
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left)......................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFAFFFC1FAEBFE20FA54FE01" baseAuthorityName="Kharin" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[1332,1435,405,426]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zweifeli">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAFFFC1FAEBFE20FA54FE01" box="[1332,1435,405,426]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">H. zweifeli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FE07FA53FE6C" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1436,434,455]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
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B Mental shield not much longer than broad (
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<figureCitation id="131D2A53FFAFFFC1FD5FFE07FD7CFE6C" box="[640,691,434,455]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,959,981]" captionTargetBox="[328,1256,189,934]" captionTargetId="figure-82@12.[323,1263,181,938]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Elongated mental shield several times longer than broad (left): H. zweifeli. Mental shield not much longer than broad (right)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947296/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">Fig.9</figureCitation>
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right)....................................................... 2.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FE7AFF66FE4F" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,169,463,484]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">2.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FE58FA53FDA9" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1436,493,514]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
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A Ventrals (except on the throat) divided into pairs of overlapping scales (
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<figureCitation id="131D2A53FFAFFFC1FC50FE58FC01FDA9" box="[911,974,493,514]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[616,969,1060,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-91@12.[610,977,1050,1958]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ventrals (except on the throat) divided into pairs of overlapping scales (top): H. stokesii. Ventrals on the posterior part of the body divided into pairs of not overlapping scales (bottom): Microcephalophis gracilis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947298" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947298/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">Fig.10</figureCitation>
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top).........................
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFAFFFC1FAE9FE58FA53FDA9" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1334,1436,493,514]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stokesii">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAFFFC1FAE9FE58FA53FDA9" box="[1334,1436,493,514]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">H. stokesii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FDBFFA54FDB4" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1435,522,543]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
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B Ventrals in the posterior part of body divided into pairs of not overlapping scales (
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<figureCitation id="131D2A53FFAFFFC1FC2DFDBFFBFEFDB4" box="[1010,1073,522,543]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[616,969,1060,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-91@12.[610,977,1050,1958]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ventrals (except on the throat) divided into pairs of overlapping scales (top): H. stokesii. Ventrals on the posterior part of the body divided into pairs of not overlapping scales (bottom): Microcephalophis gracilis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947298" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947298/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">Fig.10</figureCitation>
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bottom)..
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFAFFFC1FB40FDBFFA54FDB4" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1183,1435,522,543]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Microcephalophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAFFFC1FB40FDBFFA54FDB4" box="[1183,1435,522,543]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">Microcephalophis gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FD92FA54FD97" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1435,551,572]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">C Not as above........................................................................................ 3.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FDF0FF66FDF1" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,169,581,602]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">3.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FDD7FA54FDDC" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1435,610,631]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
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A Blunt spines on rear edge of some of the head shields (
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<figureCitation id="131D2A53FFAFFFC1FD32FDD7FCE4FDDC" box="[749,811,610,631]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,975,997]" captionTargetId="figure-53@13.[340,1246,193,954]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Blunt spines on rear edge of some of the head shields: H. peronii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5119732/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">Fig.11</figureCitation>
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)...........................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFAFFFC1FAEAFDD7FA54FDDC" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[1333,1435,610,631]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peronii">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAFFFC1FAEAFDD7FA54FDDC" box="[1333,1435,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">H. peronii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FDCAFA54FD3F" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1435,639,660]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">B Not as above........................................................................................ 4.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FD28FF66FD19" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,169,669,690]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">4.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FD0FFA53FD47" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
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A Head elongated with snout bill-like and flattened, very wide gape (
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<figureCitation id="131D2A53FFAFFFC1FCBBFD0FFC6AFD64" box="[868,933,698,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1974,1996]" captionTargetBox="[622,970,1051,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-62@13.[612,976,1047,1953]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 12. Head elongated with snout bill-like and flattened, very wide gape: H. platurus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947300/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">Fig.12</figureCitation>
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), the normal colour pattern is yellow on ventral side and black on dorsal side........................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFAFFFC1FAF1FD62FA53FD47" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[1326,1436,727,748]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platurus">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAFFFC1FAF1FD62FA53FD47" box="[1326,1436,727,748]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">H. platurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FD40FA54FCA1" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1435,757,778]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">B Not as above........................................................................................ 5.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FCA7FF66FC8C" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,169,786,807]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">5.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FC9AFA54FCC9" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
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A Ventrals very small and difficult to distinguish, scales in the lowermost scale rows on flanks enlarged compared to dorsal scales (
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<figureCitation id="131D2A53FFAFFFC1FEF8FCF8FEA8FCC9" box="[295,359,845,866]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1152,1174]" captionTargetBox="[393,1171,199,1120]" captionTargetId="figure-68@14.[385,1182,193,1126]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 13. Scales in the lowermost scale rows on flanks enlarged compared to dorsal scales: H. curtus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947302/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">Fig.13</figureCitation>
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).................................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFAFFFC1FA9DFCF8FA54FCC9" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1346,1435,845,866]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAFFFC1FA9DFCF8FA54FCC9" box="[1346,1435,845,866]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">H. curtus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FCDFFA53FCD4" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1436,874,895]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">B Not as above........................................................................................ 6.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FC32FF66FC37" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,169,903,924]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">6.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FC10FA53FC11" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1436,933,954]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">A Less than 275 ventrals and less than 30 scale rows around neck................................................ 7.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FC77FA54FC7C" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1435,962,983]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">B Not as above........................................................................................ 8.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FC6AFF66FC5F" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,169,991,1012]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">7.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FC48FA53FB84" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
|
|
A Between bands and on the sides two or three series of spots or dark-edged markings, head very small and body compressed posteriorly (
|
|
<figureCitation id="131D2A53FFAFFFC1FE89FBAFFE54FB84" box="[342,411,1050,1071]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1207,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-77@14.[150,1437,1206,1946]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 14. Two or three series of spots or dark-edged markings between dark bands, head very small and body compressed posteriorly: H. macdowelli (juvenile pictured)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947304/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
|
).........................................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFAFFFC1FAD0FBAFFA53FB84" authorityName="Kharin" authorityYear="1983" box="[1295,1436,1050,1071]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macdowelli">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAFFFC1FAD0FBAFFA53FB84" box="[1295,1436,1050,1071]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">H. macdowelli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FB82FA54FBE7" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1435,1079,1100]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">B Not as above........................................................................................ 8.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FBE0FF66FBC1" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,169,1109,1130]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">8.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FBC7FA53FB2C" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1436,1138,1159]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
|
|
A Less than 25 scale rows around neck and more than 70 dark cross bands on body and tail.......................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFAFFFC1FA98FBC7FA53FB2C" authorityName="Kharin" authorityYear="1984" box="[1351,1436,1138,1159]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vorisi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAFFFC1FA98FBC7FA53FB2C" box="[1351,1436,1138,1159]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">H. vorisi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FB3AFA54FB0F" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1435,1167,1188]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">B Not as above........................................................................................ 9.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FB18FF66FB69" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,169,1197,1218]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">9.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FB7FFA53FB74" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1436,1226,1247]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">A Less than 275 ventrals and less than 44 scale rows around body............................................... 10.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FB52FA54FB57" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1435,1255,1276]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">B Not as above....................................................................................... 11.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FAB0FF7AFAB1" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,181,1285,1306]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">10.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FA97FA54FA9C" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1435,1314,1335]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
|
|
A Less than 38 bands on body and small dark spots on the sides.............................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFAFFFC1FA9FFA97FA54FA9C" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1344,1435,1314,1335]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAFFFC1FA9FFA97FA54FA9C" box="[1344,1435,1314,1335]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">H. major</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FA8AFA54FAFF" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1435,1343,1364]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">B Not as above....................................................................................... 11.</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FAE8FF7BFAD9" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,180,1373,1394]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">11.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FACFFA53FA24" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1436,1402,1423]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">A Less than 37 scale rows around body, less than 320 ventrals and more than 45 bands on body and tail................. 12.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FA22FA53FA07" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1436,1431,1452]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">B Not as above....................................................................................... 13.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FA00FF7AFA61" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,181,1461,1482]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">12.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FA67FA54FA4C" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1435,1490,1511]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
|
|
A Between 57 and 69 bands on body and tail..........................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFAFFFC1FAF0FA67FA54FA4C" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[1327,1435,1490,1511]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="belcheri">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAFFFC1FAF0FA67FA54FA4C" box="[1327,1435,1490,1511]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">H. belcheri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48FA5AFA55F9AF" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1434,1519,1540]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
|
|
B Between 46 and 56 bands on body and tail..........................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFAFFFC1FAEBFA5AFA55F9AF" authorityName="Ukuwela, Sanders and Fry" authorityYear="2012" box="[1332,1434,1519,1540]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="donaldi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAFFFC1FAEBFA5AFA55F9AF" box="[1332,1434,1519,1540]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">H. donaldi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48F9B8FF7AF989" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,181,1549,1570]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">13.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48F99FFA54F994" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1435,1578,1599]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
|
|
A More than 345 ventrals and spots on the flanks and between bands (
|
|
<figureCitation id="131D2A53FFAFFFC1FCB4F99FFC60F994" box="[875,943,1578,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1012,1034]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,976]" captionTargetId="figure-57@15.[150,1437,193,977]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 15. Spots on the flanks and between the bands: H. elegans." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947306/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
|
)...............................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFAFFFC1FAEAF99FFA54F994" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1333,1435,1578,1599]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAFFFC1FAEAF99FFA54F994" box="[1333,1435,1578,1599]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">H. elegans</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48F9F2FA53F9F7" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1436,1607,1628]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">B Not as above....................................................................................... 14.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48F9D0FF7AF9D1" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,181,1637,1658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">14.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48F937FA53F93C" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1436,1666,1687]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">A Less than 285 ventrals................................................................................ 15.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48F92AFA53F91F" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1436,1695,1716]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">B Not as above....................................................................................... 16.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48F908FF7AF979" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,181,1725,1746]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">15.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48F96FFA53F944" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1436,1754,1775]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
|
|
A Less than 30 scale rows around neck and more than 41 scale rows around body.............................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFAFFFC1FAF0F96FFA53F944" authorityName="Rasmussen and Ineich" authorityYear="2000" box="[1327,1436,1754,1775]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laboutei">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAFFFC1FAF0F96FFA53F944" box="[1327,1436,1754,1775]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">H. laboutei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48F942FA53F8A7" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1436,1783,1804]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">B Not as above....................................................................................... 16.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48F8A0FF60F881" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,175,1813,1834]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">16</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48F887FA54F8CF" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
|
|
A More than 50 scale rows around body and one or two rows of regular black pentagonal markings on the side, primary colour dark brown to black (
|
|
<figureCitation id="131D2A53FFAFFFC1FE71F8FAFE3BF8CF" box="[430,500,1871,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1983,2005]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1084,1947]" captionTargetId="figure-66@15.[150,1437,1084,1948]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 16. One or two rows of regular black pentagonal markings on the side, primary colour dark brown or black: H. czeblukovi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947308/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
|
)..................................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFAFFFC1FAC6F8FAFA54F8CF" baseAuthorityName="Kharin" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[1305,1435,1871,1892]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="czeblukovi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAFFFC1FAC6F8FAFA54F8CF" box="[1305,1435,1871,1892]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">H. czeblukovi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48F8D8FA53F829" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1436,1901,1922]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">B Not as above....................................................................................... 17.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48F83FFF7AF834" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,181,1930,1951]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">17.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48F812FA54F817" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1435,1959,1980]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
|
|
A More than 30 scale rows around neck and body with ocelli on the sides, ground colour white (
|
|
<figureCitation id="131D2A53FFAFFFC1FBBAF812FB6AF817" box="[1125,1189,1959,1980]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1144,1166]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-858@16.[150,1437,193,1160]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 17. Body with ocelli on the sides, ground colour white: H. ocellatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947310/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">Fig.17</figureCitation>
|
|
)..........
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFAFFFC1FAF8F812FA54F817" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" box="[1319,1435,1959,1980]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAFFFC1FAF8F812FA54F817" box="[1319,1435,1959,1980]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">H. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAFFFC1FF48F870FA53F871" blockId="11.[151,1436,375,2010]" box="[151,1436,1989,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">B Not as above....................................................................................... 18.</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF59665EFFA8FFC6FF48FC0AFED0FC5F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947296" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4947296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947296/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" startId="12.[151,250,959,981]" targetBox="[328,1256,189,934]" targetPageId="12">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFA8FFC6FF48FC0AFED0FC5F" blockId="12.[151,1436,959,1012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA8FFC6FF48FC0AFEDBFC7F" bold="true" box="[151,276,959,981]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
|
Elongated mental shield several times longer than broad (left):
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA8FFC6FC72FC75FBD4FC7E" baseAuthorityName="Kharin" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[941,1051,959,981]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zweifeli">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA8FFC6FC72FC75FBD4FC7E" box="[941,1051,959,981]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">H. zweifeli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Mental shield not much longer than broad (right).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF59665EFFA8FFC6FF48F80EFBBDF844" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4947298" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947298/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" startId="12.[151,250,1979,2001]" targetBox="[616,969,1060,1952]" targetPageId="12">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFA8FFC6FF48F80EFBBDF844" blockId="12.[151,1436,1979,2031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA8FFC6FF48F80EFED0F87B" bold="true" box="[151,287,1979,2001]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
|
Ventrals (except on the throat) divided into pairs of overlapping scales (top):
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA8FFC6FBF1F809FB57F87A" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1070,1176,1979,2001]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stokesii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA8FFC6FBF1F809FB57F87A" box="[1070,1176,1979,2001]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">H. stokesii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Ventrals on the posterior part of the body divided into pairs of not overlapping scales (bottom):
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA8FFC6FCBFF86CFBA1F844" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[864,1134,2009,2031]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Microcephalophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">Microcephalophis gracilis</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF59665EFFA9FFC7FF48FC7AFC75FC4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119732" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5119732" box="[151,954,975,997]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5119732/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="364" startId="13.[151,250,975,997]" targetBox="[352,1236,205,942]" targetPageId="13">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFA9FFC7FF48FC7AFC75FC4E" blockId="13.[151,954,975,997]" box="[151,954,975,997]" pageId="13" pageNumber="364">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA9FFC7FF48FC7AFED1FC4F" bold="true" box="[151,286,975,997]" pageId="13" pageNumber="364">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
|
Blunt spines on rear edge of some of the head shields:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA9FFC7FC92FC65FC7BFC4E" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[845,948,976,997]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peronii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA9FFC7FC92FC65FC7BFC4E" box="[845,948,976,997]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="364">H. peronii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF59665EFFA9FFC7FF48F803FB8DF867" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947300" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4947300" box="[151,1090,1974,1996]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947300/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="364" startId="13.[151,250,1974,1996]" targetBox="[622,970,1051,1947]" targetPageId="13">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFA9FFC7FF48F803FB8DF867" blockId="13.[151,1090,1974,1996]" box="[151,1090,1974,1996]" pageId="13" pageNumber="364">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA9FFC7FF48F803FED0F860" bold="true" box="[151,287,1974,1996]" pageId="13" pageNumber="364">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
|
Head elongated with snout bill-like and flattened, very wide gape:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA9FFC7FC16F802FBF3F867" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[969,1084,1974,1996]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platurus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA9FFC7FC16F802FBF3F867" box="[969,1084,1974,1996]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="364">H. platurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF59665EFFAAFFC4FF48FB35FB0BFB3E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947302" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4947302" box="[151,1220,1152,1174]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947302/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="365" startId="14.[151,250,1152,1174]" targetBox="[393,1171,199,1120]" targetPageId="14">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAAFFC4FF48FB35FB0BFB3E" blockId="14.[151,1220,1152,1174]" box="[151,1220,1152,1174]" pageId="14" pageNumber="365">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAAFFC4FF48FB35FED0FB3E" bold="true" box="[151,287,1152,1174]" pageId="14" pageNumber="365">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
|
Scales in the lowermost scale rows on flanks enlarged compared to dorsal scales:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFAAFFC4FBBFFB34FB71FB3D" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1120,1214,1153,1174]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curtus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAAFFC4FBBFFB34FB71FB3D" box="[1120,1214,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="365">H. curtus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF59665EFFAAFFC4FF48F808FDA2F85A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947304" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4947304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947304/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="365" startId="14.[151,250,1981,2003]" targetBox="[151,1436,1207,1944]" targetPageId="14">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFAAFFC4FF48F808FDA2F85A" blockId="14.[151,1435,1981,2034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="365">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAAFFC4FF48F808FEEFF879" bold="true" box="[151,288,1981,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="365">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
|
|
Two or three series of spots or dark-edged markings between dark bands, head very small and body compressed posteriorly:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFAAFFC4FECDF869FE69F859" authorityName="Kharin" authorityYear="1983" box="[274,422,2012,2034]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macdowelli">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFAAFFC4FECDF869FE69F859" box="[274,422,2012,2034]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="365">H. macdowelli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(juvenile pictured).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF59665EFFABFFC5FF48FC41FC9BFBA1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947306" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4947306" box="[151,852,1012,1034]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947306/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="366" startId="15.[151,250,1012,1034]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,976]" targetPageId="15">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFABFFC5FF48FC41FC9BFBA1" blockId="15.[151,852,1012,1034]" box="[151,852,1012,1034]" pageId="15" pageNumber="366">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFABFFC5FF48FC41FED0FBA2" bold="true" box="[151,287,1012,1034]" pageId="15" pageNumber="366">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
|
|
Spots on the flanks and between the bands:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFABFFC5FD3FFC40FC9FFBA1" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[736,848,1012,1034]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="366" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">H. elegans</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF59665EFFABFFC5FF48F80AFEC7F85F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947308" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4947308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947308/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="366" startId="15.[151,250,1983,2005]" targetBox="[151,1436,1084,1947]" targetPageId="15">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFABFFC5FF48F80AFEC7F85F" blockId="15.[151,1437,1983,2036]" pageId="15" pageNumber="366">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFABFFC5FF48F80AFEEDF87F" bold="true" box="[151,290,1983,2005]" pageId="15" pageNumber="366">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
|
|
One or two rows of regular black pentagonal markings on the side, primary colour dark brown or black:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFABFFC5FA5CF875FECDF85F" baseAuthorityName="Kharin" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="366" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="czeblukovi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFABFFC5FA5CF875FECDF85F" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="366">H. czeblukovi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF59665EFFB4FFDAFF48FBCDFC7BFB25" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947310" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4947310" box="[151,948,1144,1166]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947310/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="367" startId="16.[151,250,1144,1166]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1108]" targetPageId="16">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFB4FFDAFF48FBCDFC7BFB25" blockId="16.[151,948,1144,1166]" box="[151,948,1144,1166]" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFB4FFDAFF48FBCDFED0FB26" bold="true" box="[151,287,1144,1166]" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
|
|
Body with ocelli on the sides, ground colour white:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFB4FFDAFCECFBCCFC61FB25" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" box="[819,942,1144,1166]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="367" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFB4FFDAFCECFBCCFC61FB25" box="[819,942,1144,1166]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">H. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFB4FFDAFF48FB00FF7AFB61" blockId="16.[151,1436,1205,1637]" box="[151,181,1205,1226]" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">18.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFB4FFDAFF48FB66FF7AFA89" blockId="16.[151,1436,1205,1637]" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">
|
|
A More than 30 scale rows around neck, ground colour not yellow and more than 12 maxillary teeth behind fang
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFB4FFDAFADCFB66FA53FB43" authority="B Not" authorityName="B Not" box="[1283,1436,1235,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="367" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caerulescens">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFB4FFDAFADCFB66FA53FB43" box="[1283,1436,1235,1256]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">H. caerulescens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
B Not as above....................................................................................... 19. 19.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFB4FFDAFF48FA9EFF79FAD1" blockId="16.[151,1436,1205,1637]" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">A Head small and neck elongated and body more than 3 times as broad as head.................................... 20. B Not as above....................................................................................... 22. 20.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFB4FFDAFF48FA36FF7AFA79" blockId="16.[151,1436,1205,1637]" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">
|
|
A A white ring around the eye and less than 5 maxillary teeth behind fang....................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFB4FFDAFA98FA36FA54FA33" authority="B Not" authorityName="B Not" box="[1351,1435,1411,1432]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="367" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kingii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFB4FFDAFA98FA36FA54FA33" box="[1351,1435,1411,1432]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">H. kingii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
B Not as above....................................................................................... 21. 21.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFB4FFDAFF48FA6EFF79F981" blockId="16.[151,1436,1205,1637]" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">
|
|
A Less than 38 scale rows around neck..............................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFB4FFDAFAEBFA6EFA53FA5B" authority="B More" authorityName="B More" box="[1332,1436,1499,1520]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="367" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coggeri">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFB4FFDAFAEBFA6EFA53FA5B" box="[1332,1436,1499,1520]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">H. coggeri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
B More than 38 scale rows around neck..............................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFB4FFDAFAEFFA4DFA54F9A6" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[1328,1435,1528,1549]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="367" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFB4FFDAFAEFFA4DFA54F9A6" box="[1328,1435,1528,1549]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">H. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
22.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFB4FFDAFF48F986FA53F9CE" blockId="16.[151,1436,1205,1637]" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">
|
|
A More than 40 bands on body and tail.............................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFB4FFDAFAF8F986FA53F9E3" authority="B Less" authorityName="B Less" box="[1319,1436,1587,1608]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="367" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFB4FFDAFAF8F986FA53F9E3" box="[1319,1436,1587,1608]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">H. pacificus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
B Less than 40 bands on body and tail...............................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFB4FFDAFAEBF9E5FA53F9CE" box="[1332,1436,1616,1637]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="367" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coggeri">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFB4FFDAFAEBF9E5FA53F9CE" box="[1332,1436,1616,1637]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">H. coggeri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</subSection>
|
|
</document> |