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<document id="7C7656FFDF5706DCDB1A2F87AA6D2570" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3869.4.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4947280" ID-ZooBank="8F80DD5E-F5FC-40DF-BCE5-C404FA7A6577" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623693540977" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Rasmussen, Arne Redsted, Sanders, Kate Laura, Guinea, Michael L. &amp; Amey, Andrew P." docDate="2014" docId="038F87C0FFA7FFC9FF48FE02FDC3FBF3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03869p371.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3869 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hydrophis inornatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="354" masterDocId="FFB6FFB8FFA4FFCAFFDFFFB5FFCFFFAB" masterDocTitle="Sea snakes in Australian waters (Serpentes: subfamilies Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae) - a review with an updated identification key" masterLastPageNumber="371" masterPageNumber="351" pageNumber="354" updateTime="1698965161622" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="EA128331D0A317FBC2100D4E9F2E0268">Sea snakes in Australian waters (Serpentes: subfamilies Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae) - a review with an updated identification key</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="843909DF3D1831C99B584D783FDECCFF">Rasmussen, Arne Redsted</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="89C0C645F031F6CC03C39740F186C200">The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts Schools of Architecture, Design and Conservation. Esplanaden 34 DK- 1264, Copenhagen K, Denmark. E-mail: arr @ kadk. dk</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="76B8BF459F55BC52B4839BCCA75D5758">Sanders, Kate Laura</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1F7557FBB19F713826CB1B5CBC3EEAF6">School of Earth and Environmental Science. University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D34481FF3BD69E8D6FB8C9A7F33AE0EB">Guinea, Michael L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1CDB63482CFC6A9E1BF80DB9BACF8A0F">School of Environmental. Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territories 0909, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="89282D417AC1649BEF9B11B4A13D5F9F">Amey, Andrew P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="65AD125030AA836C1D5D9D399F7CDA04">Queensland Museum. PO Box 3300, South Brisbane BC. Queensland 4101, Australia. E-mail: andrew. amey @ qm. qld. gov. au</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C33C655DFFA7FFC9FF48FE02FDEAFE7B" box="[151,549,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFA7FFC9FF48FE02FDEAFE7B" blockId="3.[151,1437,439,1112]" box="[151,549,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA7FFC9FF48FE02FDEAFE7B" box="[151,549,439,464]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA7FFC9FF48FE02FDEFFE7B" authority="(Gray, 1849)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[151,544,439,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA7FFC9FF48FE02FE48FE7B" bold="true" box="[151,391,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Hydrophis inornatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B27FFA7FFC9FE49FE02FDD7FE7B" author="Gray, J. E." box="[406,536,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" refId="ref12411" refString="Gray, J. E. (1849) Catalogue of the Specimens of Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. Printed by order of the Trustees, 125 pp." type="book" year="1849">Gray, 1849</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33C655DFFA7FFC9FDF3FE02FDC3FBF3" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9936D6FFA7FFC9FDF3FE02FDC3FBF3" blockId="3.[151,1437,439,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA7FFC9FDF3FE02FCDCFE64" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[556,787,439,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA7FFC9FDF3FE02FCDCFE64" box="[556,787,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Hydrophis inornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B27FFA7FFC9FC3CFE02FBA3FE7B" author="Gray, J. E." box="[995,1132,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" refId="ref12411" refString="Gray, J. E. (1849) Catalogue of the Specimens of Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. Printed by order of the Trustees, 125 pp." type="book" year="1849">Gray (1849)</bibRefCitation>
who gave the
<typeStatus id="549D8874FFA7FFC9FACEFE0DFA8EFE7B" box="[1297,1345,440,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">type</typeStatus>
locality “Indian Ocean” with no further information. The validity of
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA7FFC9FCE0FE69FBE7FE5F" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[831,1064,476,501]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA7FFC9FCE0FE69FBE7FE5F" box="[831,1064,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Hydrophis inornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a species is doubtful and only the
<typeStatus id="549D8874FFA7FFC9FF1EFDB5FF3EFDB3" box="[193,241,512,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">type</typeStatus>
specimen was recognized by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B27FFA7FFC9FD9BFDB5FCDBFDB3" author="Rasmussen, A. R." box="[580,788,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" pagination="397 - 417" refId="ref14000" refString="Rasmussen, A. R. (1989) An analysis of Hydrophis ornatus (Gray), H. lamberti Smith, and H. inornatus (Gray) (Hydrophiidae, Serpentes) based on samples from various localities, with remarks on feeding and breeding biology of H. ornatus. Amphibia-Reptilia, 10, 397 - 417. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156853889 x 00043" type="journal article" year="1989">Rasmussen (1989)</bibRefCitation>
in this taxon until
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B27FFA7FFC9FC35FE4AFAF3FDB3" author="Kharin, V. E. &amp; Czeblukov, V. P." box="[1002,1340,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" pagination="118 - 120" refId="ref13242" refString="Kharin, V. E. &amp; Czeblukov, V. P. (2005) On the new Record of rare sea snakes Chitulia inornata Gray, 1849 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae) from Australia Russian Journal of Herpetology, 12, 118 - 120. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / s 1063074012010087" type="journal article" year="2005">Kharin and Czeblukov (2005)</bibRefCitation>
referred to a specimen collected in
<collectingCountry id="F3317646FFA7FFC9FE10FD91FDF9FD96" box="[463,566,548,573]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Australia</collectingCountry>
(Arafura Sea). However, we have not found any other evidence to support
<location id="8EF9600DFFA7FFC9FF48FDF2FF2AFDCB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C0FFA7FFC9FF48FE02FDC3FBF3:8EF9600DFFA7FFC9FF48FDF2FF2AFDCB" box="[151,229,583,608]" country="Australia" municipality="Czeblukov's" name="Kharin" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Kharin</location>
and
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDACACFFA7FFC9FEFCFDF2FE60FDCB" box="[291,431,583,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Czeblukovs</collectingMunicipality>
(2005) claim that it occurs in
<collectingCountry id="F3317646FFA7FFC9FCC1FDF2FC47FDCB" box="[798,904,583,608]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Australia</collectingCountry>
. We find little similarity
<locationDeviation id="9A2B2FF4FFA7FFC9FB6DFDF2FEECFD2E" firstLocation="Kharin" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" secondLocation="Czeblukov's">between Kharin and Czeblukovs</locationDeviation>
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA7FFC9FEF6FDD8FE78FD2F" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[297,439,621,644]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA7FFC9FEF6FDD8FE78FD2F" box="[297,439,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">H. inornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen (TINRO R11) and the
<typeStatus id="549D8874FFA7FFC9FCF9FDD9FC99FD2F" box="[806,854,620,644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA7FFC9FCA4FDD8FBC8FD2F" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[891,1031,621,644]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA7FFC9FCA4FDD8FBC8FD2F" box="[891,1031,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">H. inornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BMNH 1946.1.1.27). In particular, the maxillary bone shown in figure 2 of
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B27FFA7FFC9FD89FD3AFC6BFD03" author="Kharin, V. E. &amp; Czeblukov, V. P." box="[598,932,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" pagination="118 - 120" refId="ref13242" refString="Kharin, V. E. &amp; Czeblukov, V. P. (2005) On the new Record of rare sea snakes Chitulia inornata Gray, 1849 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae) from Australia Russian Journal of Herpetology, 12, 118 - 120. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / s 1063074012010087" type="journal article" year="2005">Kharin and Czeblukov (2005)</bibRefCitation>
is markedly different from that of the
<typeStatus id="549D8874FFA7FFC9FA91FD25FAB1FD03" box="[1358,1406,656,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA7FFC9FF48FD00FEEBFD67" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[151,292,693,716]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA7FFC9FF48FD00FEEBFD67" box="[151,292,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">H. inornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see also
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B27FFA7FFC9FE4BFD01FD93FD66" author="Rasmussen, A. R." box="[404,604,692,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" pagination="397 - 417" refId="ref14000" refString="Rasmussen, A. R. (1989) An analysis of Hydrophis ornatus (Gray), H. lamberti Smith, and H. inornatus (Gray) (Hydrophiidae, Serpentes) based on samples from various localities, with remarks on feeding and breeding biology of H. ornatus. Amphibia-Reptilia, 10, 397 - 417. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156853889 x 00043" type="journal article" year="1989">Rasmussen, 1989</bibRefCitation>
; M. A.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B27FFA7FFC9FD6DFD01FCF0FD66" author="Smith, M. A." box="[690,831,692,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" refId="ref15089" refString="Smith, M. A. (1926) Monograph of the sea-snakes (Hydrophiidae). Printed by order of the Trustees of the British museum (Natural History) London, 130 pp." type="book" year="1926">Smith, 1926</bibRefCitation>
); further the
<typeStatus id="549D8874FFA7FFC9FC0FFD01FBCFFD67" box="[976,1024,692,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">type</typeStatus>
does not have any spots on its body, unlike the specimen in
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B27FFA7FFC9FE43FD62FD20FD5B" author="Kharin, V. E. &amp; Czeblukov, V. P." box="[412,751,727,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" pagination="118 - 120" refId="ref13242" refString="Kharin, V. E. &amp; Czeblukov, V. P. (2005) On the new Record of rare sea snakes Chitulia inornata Gray, 1849 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae) from Australia Russian Journal of Herpetology, 12, 118 - 120. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / s 1063074012010087" type="journal article" year="2005">Kharin and Czeblukov (2005)</bibRefCitation>
. The specimen shown in
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B27FFA7FFC9FBD3FD62FA93FD5B" author="Kharin, V. E. &amp; Czeblukov, V. P." box="[1036,1372,727,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" pagination="118 - 120" refId="ref13242" refString="Kharin, V. E. &amp; Czeblukov, V. P. (2005) On the new Record of rare sea snakes Chitulia inornata Gray, 1849 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae) from Australia Russian Journal of Herpetology, 12, 118 - 120. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / s 1063074012010087" type="journal article" year="2005">Kharin and Czeblukov (2005)</bibRefCitation>
more closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA7FFC9FEB4FD48FE1CFCBF" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[363,467,765,788]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA7FFC9FEB4FD48FE1CFCBF" box="[363,467,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">H. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in all the morphological characters mentioned, including the number of scale rows around neck and body, ventrals, subcaudals, number of teeth on maxillary bone and body form and colour pattern.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B27FFA7FFC9FF48FCF1FE37FCF6" author="Kharin, V. E. &amp; Czeblukov, V. P." box="[151,504,836,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" pagination="118 - 120" refId="ref13242" refString="Kharin, V. E. &amp; Czeblukov, V. P. (2005) On the new Record of rare sea snakes Chitulia inornata Gray, 1849 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae) from Australia Russian Journal of Herpetology, 12, 118 - 120. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / s 1063074012010087" type="journal article" year="2005">Kharin and Czeblukov (2005)</bibRefCitation>
also included another specimen from Arafura Sea (NTMR897) mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B27FFA7FFC9FF48FCD2FEF1FC2B" author="Cogger, H. G." box="[151,318,871,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" pagination="59 - 139" refId="ref11689" refString="Cogger, H. G. (1975) Sea Snakes of Australia and New Guinea. In: Dunson, W. A. (Ed.), The Biology of Sea Snakes. University Park Press, Baltimore London &amp; Tokyo, pp. 59 - 139." type="book chapter" year="1975">Cogger (1975)</bibRefCitation>
as a possible
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA7FFC9FE3CFCDCFDBBFCD4" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[483,628,872,896]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA7FFC9FE3CFCDCFDBBFCD4" box="[483,628,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">H. inornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, this specimen differs in ventral scale count to
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA7FFC9FAD3FCDCFE8AFC0E" authority="(Cogger, 1975)" baseAuthorityName="Cogger" baseAuthorityYear="1975" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA7FFC9FAD3FCDCFA54FCD4" box="[1292,1435,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">H. inornatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B27FFA7FFC9FF41FC39FEF2FC0E" author="Cogger, H. G." box="[158,317,908,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" pagination="59 - 139" refId="ref11689" refString="Cogger, H. G. (1975) Sea Snakes of Australia and New Guinea. In: Dunson, W. A. (Ed.), The Biology of Sea Snakes. University Park Press, Baltimore London &amp; Tokyo, pp. 59 - 139." type="book chapter" year="1975">Cogger, 1975</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. We therefore include this species neither in the checklist nor in the list of possible Australian sea snakes. Another recent paper published new records for
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA7FFC9FCC7FC04FC67FC6C" baseAuthorityName="Cogger" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[792,936,944,968]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inornatus">
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA7FFC9FCC7FC04FC67FC6C" box="[792,936,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">H. inornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Arabian Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B27FFA7FFC9FB6BFC1AFF1BFC46" author="Kharin, V. E. &amp; Dotsenko, I. B." pageId="3" pageNumber="354" pagination="35 - 42" refId="ref13351" refString="Kharin, V. E. &amp; Dotsenko, I. B. (2012) The First Record of the Sea Snake Chitulia inornata Gray, 1849 from the Arabian Sea with Notes on the Composition of the Genus Chitulia Gray, 1849 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 38, 35 - 42. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / s 1063074012010087" type="journal article" year="2012">Kharin &amp; Dotsenko, 2012</bibRefCitation>
); however, based on photos included by the authors these specimens bear little resemblance to either the specimen from
<collectingCountry id="F3317646FFA7FFC9FE98FC42FE61FBBB" box="[327,430,1015,1040]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Australia</collectingCountry>
or the
<typeStatus id="549D8874FFA7FFC9FE20FC4DFDE0FBBB" box="[511,559,1016,1040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">type</typeStatus>
specimen, and instead clearly resemble
<taxonomicName id="4C264D55FFA7FFC9FC27FC42FA53FBBB" authority="(Schmidt, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[1016,1436,1015,1040]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viperinus">
<emphasis id="B952EAC4FFA7FFC9FC27FC42FB12FBA4" box="[1016,1245,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Hydrophis viperinus</emphasis>
(Schmidt, 1852)
</taxonomicName>
based on the diagnostic characters for this species (large ventral scales in the anterior part of the body) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B27FFA7FFC9FAF0FBA9FE87FBF3" author="Kharin, V. E. &amp; Dotsenko, I. B." pageId="3" pageNumber="354" pagination="35 - 42" refId="ref13351" refString="Kharin, V. E. &amp; Dotsenko, I. B. (2012) The First Record of the Sea Snake Chitulia inornata Gray, 1849 from the Arabian Sea with Notes on the Composition of the Genus Chitulia Gray, 1849 (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 38, 35 - 42. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / s 1063074012010087" type="journal article" year="2012">Kharin &amp; Dotsenko, 2012</bibRefCitation>
<figureCitation id="131D2A53FFA7FFC9FE90FB8AFE77FBF3" box="[335,440,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1841,1863]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,1347,1816]" captionTargetId="figure-66@7.[151,1436,1341,1819]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Three supralabials, the second is very elongated (left): Emydocephalus annulatus. More than four supralabials (right)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947284/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">Figures 2</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="131D2A53FFA7FFC9FE30FB8AFE30FBF3" box="[495,511,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,607,629]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,202,580]" captionTargetId="figure-637@8.[242,1344,193,586]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. No preocular scale, the prefrontal borders the eye (top): Hydrelaps darwiniensis. Preocular scales present (bottom)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4947286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4947286/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="354">3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>