470 lines
64 KiB
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470 lines
64 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="99159CEDCA137983F78A3E8919459822">The genus Herdmania Lahille, 1888 (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) in Australian waters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1BEE42CCBDC016F81BEF146BCE948A74">Kott, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="1A70C869D45B022BC0FA5E78C3CD18A9">2002</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038F87C00F1A3522FF65FE31FD1EFCF0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5106234" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183546900" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5106234" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C00F1A3522FF65FE31FD1EFCF0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F87C00F1A3522FF65FE31FD1EFCF0" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="364" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<subSubSection id="C33C655D0F1A3520FF65FE31FD05FE47" box="[187,718,433,457]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1A3520FF65FE31FD05FE47" blockId="4.[187,718,433,457]" box="[187,718,433,457]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<heading id="D0D181BA0F1A3520FF65FE31FD05FE47" box="[187,718,433,457]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D550F1A3520FF65FE31FE7AFE49" authority="GRANDIS" authorityName="GRANDIS" box="[187,433,433,456]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Herdmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1A3520FF65FE31FE7AFE49" box="[187,433,433,456]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">HERDMANIA GRANDIS</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FE1CFE31FDACFE47" author="Heller C" box="[450,615,433,457]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="2 - 28" refId="ref9591" refString="Heller C. 1878. Beitrage zur nahern Kenntnis der Tunicaten. Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien 77 (1): 2 - 28." type="journal article" year="1878">HELLER, 1878</bibRefCitation>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="131D2A530F1A3520FDA1FE31FD0DFE47" box="[639,710,433,457]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[145,224,1825,1846]" captionTargetBox="[213,1360,720,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-195@4.[187,1403,700,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Herdmania grandis (A, C, D, F, QM GH377; B, E, QM GH2200; G, QM GH5759): A, body from left side showing muscles; B, dorsal tubercle showing early stage in development of convoluted slit; C, portion of dorsal lamina; D, gut loop; E, F, anus and gonoducal openings; G, anus. Scale bars: A, D = 5.0 mm; B, E-G = 1.0mm; C = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634162/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">FIG. 2</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C655D0F1A3520FF4FFE59FF11FD80" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1A3520FF4FFE59FF11FD80" blockId="4.[145,761,473,618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3611F80F1A3520FF4FFE59FD32FE60" box="[145,761,473,495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710C70F1A3520FF4FFE59FDEDFE61" author="Heller C" box="[145,550,473,495]" page="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" year="1878">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D550F1A3520FF4FFE59FDEDFE61" authority="Heller, 1878: 15" authorityName="Heller" authorityPageNumber="15" authorityYear="1878" box="[145,550,473,495]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cynthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1A3520FF4FFE59FE98FE60" box="[145,339,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">Cynthia grandis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FEBFFE59FDEDFE61" author="Heller C" box="[353,550,473,495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="2 - 28" refId="ref9591" refString="Heller C. 1878. Beitrage zur nahern Kenntnis der Tunicaten. Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien 77 (1): 2 - 28." type="journal article" year="1878">Heller, 1878: 15</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FDE7FE59FD32FE60" author="Herdman WA" box="[569,761,473,495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="558 - 652" refId="ref9804" refString="Herdman WA. 1891. A revised classification of the Tunicata, with definitions of the orders, sub-orders, families, subfamilies and genera, and analytical keys to the species. Journal of Linnean Society London Zoology 23: 558 - 652." type="journal article" year="1891">Herdman, 1891:</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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577.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1A3520FF4FFD96FD4EFDA2" blockId="4.[145,761,473,618]" box="[145,645,534,556]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D550F1A3520FF4FFD96FD4BFDA2" authority=": Michaelsen, 1905: 85" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityPageNumber="85" authorityYear="1905" box="[145,640,534,556]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Halocynthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1A3520FF4FFD96FEB6FDA5" box="[145,381,534,555]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">Halocynthia grandis</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FE55FD96FD4BFDA2" author="Michaelsen W" box="[395,640,534,556]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="71 - 120" refId="ref10430" refString="Michaelsen W. 1905. Revision von Heller's Ascidien-Typen aus dem Museum Godeffroy. Zoologische Jahrbucher (suppl.) 8: 71 - 120." type="journal article" year="1905">Michaelsen, 1905: 85</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1A3520FF4FFDB6FDCDFDE7" blockId="4.[145,761,473,618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D550F1A3520FF4FFDB6FED0FDE7" authority="Hartmeyer & Michaelsen, 1928: 441" authorityName="Hartmeyer & Michaelsen" authorityPageNumber="441" authorityYear="1928" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="momus" subSpecies="grandis">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1A3520FF4FFDB6FE68FDC4" box="[145,419,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">Pyura momus grandis</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FE65FDB6FD32FDC5" author="Hartmeyer R & Michaelsen W" box="[443,761,565,587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="251 - 460" refId="ref9541" refString="Hartmeyer R, Michaelsen W. 1928. Ascidiae Diktyobranchiae und Ptychobranchiae. Fauna Sudwest- Australien 5: 251 - 460." type="journal article" year="1928">Hartmeyer & Michaelsen,</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="C33C655D0F1A3520FF77FDD4FED0FDE7" box="[169,283,596,617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" type="description">1928: 441</subSubSection>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FEF6FDD4FDC9FDE7" author="Hastings AB" box="[296,514,596,618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="69 - 109" refId="ref9563" refString="Hastings AB. 1931. Tunicata. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928 - 29. 4 (3): 69 - 109." type="journal article" year="1931">Hastings, 1931: 72</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33C655D0F1A3520FCF7FF45FAB9FDE7" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1A3520FCF7FF45FC58FE96" blockId="4.[809,1425,197,618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3611F80F1A3520FCF7FF45FC58FE96" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710C70F1A3520FCF7FF45FB13FF54" author="Millar RH" box="[809,1240,197,219]" page="127" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" year="1960">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D550F1A3520FCF7FF45FB13FF54" authority=": Millar, 1960: 127" authorityName=": Millar" authorityPageNumber="127" authorityYear="1960" box="[809,1240,197,219]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Herdmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="momus">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1A3520FCF7FF45FBCEFF55" box="[809,1029,197,219]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">Herdmania momus</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FBCAFF45FB13FF54" author="Millar RH" box="[1044,1240,197,219]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref10653" refString="Millar RH. 1960. Ascidiacea. Discovery Reports 30: 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1960">Millar, 1960: 127</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710C70F1A3520FB3AFF45FA8CFF54" author="Millar RH" box="[1252,1351,197,219]" page="70" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" year="1963">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FB3AFF45FA8CFF54" author="Millar RH" box="[1252,1351,197,219]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="689 - 746" refId="ref10668" refString="Millar RH. 1963. Australian ascidians in the British Museum (Natural History). Proceedings of the Zoological Society London 141 (4): 689 - 746." type="journal article" year="1963">1963: 70</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710C70F1A3520FA8DFF45FCA5FF77" author="Millar RH" page="374" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" year="1966">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FA8DFF45FCA5FF77" author="Millar RH" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="357 - 375" refId="ref10699" refString="Millar RH. 1966. Ascidiacea, Port Phillip Survey. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 27: 357 - 375." type="journal article" year="1966">1966: 374</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710C70F1A3520FCA7FF64FBF3FF77" author="Kott P" box="[889,1080,228,250]" page="189" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" year="1972">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FCA7FF64FBF3FF77" author="Kott P" box="[889,1080,228,250]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="165 - 196" refId="ref10081" refString="Kott P. 1972 b. The ascidians of South Australia II. Eastern Sector of the Great Australian Bight and Investigator Strait. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 96 (4): 165 - 196." type="journal article" year="1972">Kott, 1972b: 189</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710C70F1A3520FB9DFF64FB6DFF77" author="Kott P" box="[1091,1190,228,250]" page="84" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" year="1976">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FB9DFF64FB6DFF77" author="Kott P" box="[1091,1190,228,250]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="53 - 96" refId="ref10122" refString="Kott P. 1976. Ascidian fauna of Western Port Bay, Victoria and a comparison with that of Port Phillip Bay. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 37: 53 - 96." type="journal article" year="1976">1976: 84</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710C70F1A3520FB6FFF64FAD4FF77" author="Kott P" box="[1201,1311,228,250]" page="338" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FB6FFF64FAD4FF77" author="Kott P" box="[1201,1311,228,250]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="1 - 440" refId="ref10190" refString="Kott P. 1985. The Australian Ascidiacea Part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 23: 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">1985: 338</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(part, see below).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1A3520FCF7FEA1FC25FED8" blockId="4.[809,1425,197,618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3611F80F1A3520FCF7FEA1FC25FED8" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710C70F1A3520FCF7FEA1FAC5FEB8" author="Kott P" box="[809,1294,289,311]" page="281" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" year="1952">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D550F1A3520FCF7FEA1FAC5FEB8" authority=": Kott, 1952: 281" authorityName=": Kott" authorityPageNumber="281" authorityYear="1952" box="[809,1294,289,311]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Herdmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="momus" subSpecies="galei">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1A3520FCF7FEA1FB82FEB8" box="[809,1097,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">Herdmania momus galei</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FB84FEA2FAC5FEB8" author="Kott P" box="[1114,1294,289,311]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="206 - 333" refId="ref9926" refString="Kott P. 1952. Ascidians of Australia 1. Stolidobranchiata and Phlebobranchiata. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 3 (3): 206 - 333." type="journal article" year="1952">Kott, 1952: 281</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(part from Shell Harbour)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1A3520FCF7FEDEFB04FE1D" blockId="4.[809,1425,197,618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3611F80F1A3520FCF7FEDEFB04FE1D" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710C70F1A3520FCF7FEDEFA89FEFA" author="Kott P" box="[809,1346,350,372]" page="279" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" year="1952">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D550F1A3520FCF7FEDEFA89FEFA" authority=": Kott, 1952: 279" authorityName="Kott" authorityPageNumber="279" authorityYear="1952" box="[809,1346,350,372]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Herdmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="momus" subSpecies="grandis">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1A3520FCF7FEDEFBBBFEFD" box="[809,1136,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">Herdmania momus grandis</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FB5AFEDFFA89FEFA" author="Kott P" box="[1156,1346,350,372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="206 - 333" refId="ref9926" refString="Kott P. 1952. Ascidians of Australia 1. Stolidobranchiata and Phlebobranchiata. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 3 (3): 206 - 333." type="journal article" year="1952">Kott, 1952: 279</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710C70F1A3520FA8DFEDEFCA6FE1C" author="Kott P" page="142" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" year="1964">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FA8DFEDEFCA6FE1C" author="Kott P" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="127 - 152" refId="ref9979" refString="Kott P. 1964. Stolidobranch and phlebobranch ascidians from the Queensland coast. Papers from the Department of Zoology, University of Queensland 2 (17): 127 - 152." type="journal article" year="1964">1964: 142</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710C70F1A3520FCA4FEFDFC27FE1C" author="Kott P" box="[890,1004,381,403]" page="301" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" year="1966">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FCA4FEFDFC27FE1C" author="Kott P" box="[890,1004,381,403]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="279 - 304" refId="ref10012" refString="Kott P. 1966. Ascidians of northern Australia. Papers from the Department of Zoology, University of Queensland 2 (15): 279 - 304." type="journal article" year="1966">1966: 301</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710C70F1A3520FC26FEFDFB04FE1D" author="Tokioka T" box="[1016,1231,381,403]" page="206" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" year="1967">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FC26FEFDFB04FE1D" author="Tokioka T" box="[1016,1231,381,403]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref11464" refString="Tokioka T. 1967. Pacific Tunicata of the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 251: 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1967">Tokioka, 1967: 206</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1A3520FCF7FE1CFA4FFE3F" blockId="4.[809,1425,197,618]" box="[809,1412,412,433]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3611F80F1A3520FCF7FE1CFA4FFE3F" box="[809,1412,412,433]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710C70F1A3520FCF7FE1CFA4BFE3F" author="Hartmeyer R" box="[809,1408,412,433]" page="1340" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" year="1909">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D550F1A3520FCF7FE1CFA4BFE3F" authority=": Hartmeyer, 1909: 1340" authorityName=": Hartmeyer, 1909:" authorityPageNumber="1340" authorityYear="1340" box="[809,1408,412,433]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Herdmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pallida" subSpecies="grandis">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1A3520FCF7FE1CFBADFE3F" box="[809,1126,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">Herdmania pallida grandis</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FBABFE1CFA4BFE3F" author="Hartmeyer R" box="[1141,1408,412,433]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="3 - 27" refId="ref9466" refString="Hartmeyer R. 1909 - 11. Ascidien (continuation of work by Seeliger). In: Bronn HG, ed. Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs, Vol. 3. suppl. part 89 - 98. Leipzig: Winter CF., pp. 1281 - 1772 (Abstract, repeating lists of species, by Schepotieff, A 1911. Archives fur Naturgeschichte 6, 3 - 27.)" type="journal article" year="1909">Hartmeyer, 1909: 1340</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1A3520FCF7FE3AFAC7FE5E" blockId="4.[809,1425,197,618]" box="[809,1292,442,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3611F80F1A3520FCF7FE3AFAC7FE5E" box="[809,1292,442,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710C70F1A3520FCF7FE3AFAC3FE5E" author="Herdman WA" box="[809,1288,442,464]" page="145" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" year="1882">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D550F1A3520FCF7FE3AFAC3FE5E" authority="Herdman, 1882: 145" authorityName="Herdman" authorityPageNumber="145" authorityYear="1882" box="[809,1288,442,464]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cynthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="complanata">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1A3520FCF7FE3AFBD9FE41" box="[809,1042,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">Cynthia complanata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FBC4FE3AFAC3FE5E" author="Herdman WA" box="[1050,1288,442,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" refId="ref9666" refString="Herdman WA. 1882. Report on the Tunicata collected during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I, Ascidiae simplices. Report on the Scientific Results of the Exploring voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1875 - 1876, Zoology 6: 296 pp., 37 plates." type="book" year="1882">Herdman, 1882: 145</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1A3520FCF7FE59FAAEFE61" blockId="4.[809,1425,197,618]" box="[809,1381,473,495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3611F80F1A3520FCF7FE59FAAEFE61" box="[809,1381,473,495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710C70F1A3520FCF7FE59FAAAFE61" author="Herdman WA" box="[809,1377,473,495]" page="575" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" year="1891">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D550F1A3520FCF7FE59FAAAFE61" ID-CoL="4RVRD" authority="Herdman, 1891: 575" authorityName="Herdman" authorityPageNumber="575" authorityYear="1891" box="[809,1377,473,495]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Rhabdocynthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="complanata">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1A3520FCF7FE59FBAFFE60" box="[809,1124,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">Rhabdocynthia complanata</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FBADFE59FAAAFE61" author="Herdman WA" box="[1139,1377,473,495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="558 - 652" refId="ref9804" refString="Herdman WA. 1891. A revised classification of the Tunicata, with definitions of the orders, sub-orders, families, subfamilies and genera, and analytical keys to the species. Journal of Linnean Society London Zoology 23: 558 - 652." type="journal article" year="1891">Herdman, 1891: 575</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1A3520FCF7FE78FBFFFDA2" blockId="4.[809,1425,197,618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3611F80F1A3520FCF7FE78FBFFFDA2" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710C70F1A3520FCF7FE78FA46FD83" author="von Drasche R" box="[809,1421,504,526]" page="371" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" year="1884">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D550F1A3520FCF7FE78FA46FD83" authority="von Drasche, 1884: 371" authorityName="von Drasche" authorityPageNumber="371" authorityYear="1884" box="[809,1421,504,526]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Microcosmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="julinii">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1A3520FCF7FE78FBEAFD83" box="[809,1057,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">Microcosmus julinii</emphasis>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FBE0FE78FA46FD83" author="von Drasche R" box="[1086,1421,504,526]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="369 - 387" refId="ref9419" refString="von Drasche R. 1884. Ueber einiger neue und weniger Gekannte aussereuropaische einfach ascidien. Denkschriften Akademie Wissenschaftlichen Wien 48: 369 - 387." type="journal article" year="1884">von Drasche, 1884: 371</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710C70F1A3520FC9FFD96FBE4FDA2" author="Herdman WA" box="[833,1071,534,556]" page="575" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" year="1891">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FC9FFD96FBE4FDA2" author="Herdman WA" box="[833,1071,534,556]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="558 - 652" refId="ref9804" refString="Herdman WA. 1891. A revised classification of the Tunicata, with definitions of the orders, sub-orders, families, subfamilies and genera, and analytical keys to the species. Journal of Linnean Society London Zoology 23: 558 - 652." type="journal article" year="1891">Herdman, 1891: 575</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1A3520FCF7FDB6FA46FDC4" blockId="4.[809,1425,197,618]" box="[809,1421,565,587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3611F80F1A3520FCF7FDB6FA46FDC4" box="[809,1421,565,587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710C70F1A3520FCF7FDB6FAD3FDC5" author="Herdman WA" box="[809,1304,565,587]" page="575" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" year="1891">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D550F1A3520FCF7FDB6FAD3FDC5" authority="Herdman, 1891: 575" authorityName="Herdman" authorityPageNumber="575" authorityYear="1891" box="[809,1304,565,587]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Microcosmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="draschii">
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|
<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1A3520FCF7FDB6FBE8FDC4" box="[809,1059,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">Microcosmus draschii</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FBF5FDB5FAD3FDC5" author="Herdman WA" box="[1067,1304,565,587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="558 - 652" refId="ref9804" refString="Herdman WA. 1891. A revised classification of the Tunicata, with definitions of the orders, sub-orders, families, subfamilies and genera, and analytical keys to the species. Journal of Linnean Society London Zoology 23: 558 - 652." type="journal article" year="1891">Herdman, 1891: 575</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710C70F1A3520FAFBFDB5FA41FDC4" author="Herdman WA" box="[1317,1418,565,586]" page="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" year="1899">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FAFBFDB5FA41FDC4" author="Herdman WA" box="[1317,1418,565,586]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="1 - 139" refId="ref9849" refString="Herdman WA. 1899. Descriptive catalogue of Tunicata in the Australian Museum. Australian Museum Catalogue 17: 1 - 139." type="journal article" year="1899">1899: 20</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1A3520FCF7FDD4FAB9FDE7" blockId="4.[809,1425,197,618]" box="[809,1394,596,618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3611F80F1A3520FCF7FDD4FAB9FDE7" box="[809,1394,596,618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8710C70F1A3520FCF7FDD4FAA5FDE7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5468111" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5468111" author="Monniot F & Monniot C" box="[809,1390,596,618]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F57D87A3FF5731B1E80EFA2AFEE61340" page="337" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" year="2001">
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D550F1A3520FCF7FDD4FAA5FDE7" authority="Monniot & Monniot 2001: 337" authorityName="Monniot & Monniot" authorityPageNumber="337" authorityYear="2001" box="[809,1390,596,618]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Herdmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata">
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|
<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1A3520FCF7FDD4FBC3FDE7" box="[809,1032,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">Herdmania armata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1A3520FBCEFDD4FAA5FDE7" author="Monniot F & Monniot C" box="[1040,1390,596,618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" pagination="201 - 388" refId="ref10933" refString="Monniot F, Monniot C. 2001. Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific. Zoosystema 23 (2): 201 - 388." type="journal article" year="2001">Monniot & Monniot 2001: 337</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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|
<caption id="DF59665E0F1A3520FF4FF8A1FB09F8FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4634162" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4634162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4634162/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" startId="4.[145,224,1825,1846]" targetBox="[213,1360,720,1792]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1A3520FF4FF8A1FB09F8FF" blockId="4.[145,1425,1825,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1A3520FF4FF8A1FF32F8B8" bold="true" box="[145,249,1825,1846]" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D550F1A3520FEDBF8A1FE1FF8B8" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[261,468,1825,1846]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Herdmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="363" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1A3520FEDBF8A1FE1FF8B8" box="[261,468,1825,1846]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="363">Herdmania grandis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(A, C, D, F, QM GH377; B, E, QM GH2200; G, QM GH5759): A, body from left side showing muscles; B, dorsal tubercle showing early stage in development of convoluted slit; C, portion of dorsal lamina; D, gut loop; E, F, anus and gonoducal openings; G, anus. Scale bars: A, D = 5.0 mm; B, E-G = 1.0 mm; C = 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
|
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</caption>
|
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<subSubSection id="C33C655D0F1B3522FF41FF44FD1EFCF0" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="365" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1B3521FF41FF44FEE5FF52" blockId="5.[159,776,196,1201]" box="[159,302,196,220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1B3521FF41FF44FEE5FF52" box="[159,302,196,220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">Distribution</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1B3521FF41FF64FE19FE5F" blockId="5.[159,776,196,1201]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1B3521FF41FF64FE4DFF77" box="[159,390,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">Previously Recorded</emphasis>
|
|
. Western Australia (Geraldton to Albany,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1B3521FEDEFE83FDBFFE96" author="Hartmeyer R & Michaelsen W" box="[256,628,259,281]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" pagination="251 - 460" refId="ref9541" refString="Hartmeyer R, Michaelsen W. 1928. Ascidiae Diktyobranchiae und Ptychobranchiae. Fauna Sudwest- Australien 5: 251 - 460." type="journal article" year="1928">Hartmeyer & Michaelsen, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1B3521FD5AFE83FCC9FE97" author="Kott P" box="[644,770,259,281]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" pagination="206 - 333" refId="ref9926" refString="Kott P. 1952. Ascidians of Australia 1. Stolidobranchiata and Phlebobranchiata. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 3 (3): 206 - 333." type="journal article" year="1952">Kott, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1B3521FF41FEA2FF2DFEB6" author="Kott P" box="[159,230,290,312]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" pagination="165 - 196" refId="ref10081" refString="Kott P. 1972 b. The ascidians of South Australia II. Eastern Sector of the Great Australian Bight and Investigator Strait. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 96 (4): 165 - 196." type="journal article" year="1972">1972b</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1B3521FF27FEA1FEF8FEB9" author="Kott P" box="[249,307,289,311]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" pagination="1 - 440" refId="ref10190" refString="Kott P. 1985. The Australian Ascidiacea Part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 23: 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). South Australia (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1B3521FDFEFEA2FD7DFEB6" author="Millar RH" box="[544,694,290,312]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref10653" refString="Millar RH. 1960. Ascidiacea. Discovery Reports 30: 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1960">Millar, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1B3521FD17FEA2FCC9FEB6" author="Millar RH" box="[713,770,290,312]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" pagination="689 - 746" refId="ref10668" refString="Millar RH. 1963. Australian ascidians in the British Museum (Natural History). Proceedings of the Zoological Society London 141 (4): 689 - 746." type="journal article" year="1963">1963</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1B3521FF41FEC0FF13FED8" author="Millar RH" box="[159,216,320,342]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" pagination="357 - 375" refId="ref10699" refString="Millar RH. 1966. Ascidiacea, Port Phillip Survey. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 27: 357 - 375." type="journal article" year="1966">1966</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1B3521FF34FEC1FEA1FED8" author="Kott P" box="[234,362,320,342]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" pagination="53 - 96" refId="ref10122" refString="Kott P. 1976. Ascidian fauna of Western Port Bay, Victoria and a comparison with that of Port Phillip Bay. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 37: 53 - 96." type="journal article" year="1976">Kott, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). New South Wales (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1B3521FDB3FEC0FCC9FEDB" author="Heller C" box="[621,770,320,342]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" pagination="2 - 28" refId="ref9591" refString="Heller C. 1878. Beitrage zur nahern Kenntnis der Tunicaten. Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien 77 (1): 2 - 28." type="journal article" year="1878">Heller, 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1B3521FF41FEDFFE98FEFA" author="Herdman WA" box="[159,339,351,373]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" refId="ref9666" refString="Herdman WA. 1882. Report on the Tunicata collected during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I, Ascidiae simplices. Report on the Scientific Results of the Exploring voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1875 - 1876, Zoology 6: 296 pp., 37 plates." type="book" year="1882">Herdman, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1B3521FEBEFEDFFE52FEFA" author="Herdman WA" box="[352,409,351,372]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" pagination="1 - 139" refId="ref9849" refString="Herdman WA. 1899. Descriptive catalogue of Tunicata in the Australian Museum. Australian Museum Catalogue 17: 1 - 139." type="journal article" year="1899">1899</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1B3521FE7BFEDFFDB0FEFA" author="von Drasche R" box="[421,635,351,373]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" pagination="369 - 387" refId="ref9419" refString="von Drasche R. 1884. Ueber einiger neue und weniger Gekannte aussereuropaische einfach ascidien. Denkschriften Akademie Wissenschaftlichen Wien 48: 369 - 387." type="journal article" year="1884">von Drasche, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1B3521FD56FEDFFCC9FEFB" author="Kott P" box="[648,770,351,373]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" pagination="206 - 333" refId="ref9926" refString="Kott P. 1952. Ascidians of Australia 1. Stolidobranchiata and Phlebobranchiata. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 3 (3): 206 - 333." type="journal article" year="1952">Kott, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1B3521FF41FEFDFF12FE1D" author="Kott P" box="[159,217,381,403]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" pagination="1 - 440" refId="ref10190" refString="Kott P. 1985. The Australian Ascidiacea Part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 23: 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Queensland (Moreton Bay to Cairns,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1B3521FD47FEFEFF13FE3F" author="Hastings AB" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" pagination="69 - 109" refId="ref9563" refString="Hastings AB. 1931. Tunicata. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928 - 29. 4 (3): 69 - 109." type="journal article" year="1931">Hastings, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1B3521FF34FE1DFEA1FE3C" author="Kott P" box="[234,362,412,434]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" pagination="206 - 333" refId="ref9926" refString="Kott P. 1952. Ascidians of Australia 1. Stolidobranchiata and Phlebobranchiata. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 3 (3): 206 - 333." type="journal article" year="1952">Kott, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1B3521FEA3FE1CFE7DFE3C" author="Kott P" box="[381,438,412,434]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" pagination="279 - 304" refId="ref10012" refString="Kott P. 1966. Ascidians of northern Australia. Papers from the Department of Zoology, University of Queensland 2 (15): 279 - 304." type="journal article" year="1966">1966</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1B3521FE16FE1CFDC9FE3C" author="Kott P" box="[456,514,412,434]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" pagination="127 - 152" refId="ref9979" refString="Kott P. 1964. Stolidobranch and phlebobranch ascidians from the Queensland coast. Papers from the Department of Zoology, University of Queensland 2 (17): 127 - 152." type="journal article" year="1964">1964</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F33176460F1B3521FDC2FE1DFCCCFE3C" box="[540,775,412,434]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1B3521FF78FE3BFE01FE5F" author="Monniot F & Monniot C" box="[166,458,443,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" pagination="201 - 388" refId="ref10933" refString="Monniot F, Monniot C. 2001. Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific. Zoosystema 23 (2): 201 - 388." type="journal article" year="2001">Monniot & Monniot 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1B3521FF41FE5AFEF9FCF0" blockId="5.[159,776,196,1201]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1B3521FF41FE5AFE4FFE61" box="[159,388,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">Examined Material.</emphasis>
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3C8B0F1B3521FE55FE5AFDA0FDE4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3322624321" accessionNumber="Z11766, G11896, Z11772, Z11774, Z11775, Z11778, Z11780, Z11781, Z11782, Z11783, Z11784" collectionCode="WAM, QM" location="Cockburn Sound" municipality="Port Hedland" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia">
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49E2F8340F1B3521FE55FE5AFD97FE7E" box="[395,604,474,496]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
|
(
|
|
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDACAC0F1B3521FDB5FE5AFCCCFE7E" box="[619,775,474,496]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">Port Hedland</collectingMunicipality>
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED37AE130F1B3521FF41FE78FF15FD83" box="[159,222,504,525]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
|
|
Z11766/1179.83;
|
|
<location id="8EF9600D0F1B3521FE74FE78FDA0FD80" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C00F1A3522FF65FE31FD1EFCF0:8EF9600D0F1B3521FE74FE78FDA0FD80" box="[426,619,504,526]" municipality="Port Hedland" name="Cockburn Sound" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" stateProvince="Western Australia">Cockburn Sound</location>
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED37AE130F1B3521FDABFE78FD54FD83" box="[629,671,504,525]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
|
G11896,
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED37AE130F1B3521FF41FD97FF15FDA2" box="[159,222,535,556]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
|
|
Z11772/1180.83 Z11774/1189.83 Z11775/115.72 Z11778/591.84 Z11780/1181.83 Z11781/756.82 Z11782/ 1182.83 Z11783/233.82 Z11784/232.82)
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3C8B0F1B3521FD5EFDD4FDB1FD07" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3322624317" collectionCode="QM" location="Port Naorlunga" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" specimenCode="G9318" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South Australia">
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49E2F8340F1B3521FD5EFDD4FF14FD07" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">South Australia</collectingRegion>
|
|
(
|
|
<location id="8EF9600D0F1B3521FF20FDF3FE0DFD07" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C00F1A3522FF65FE31FD1EFCF0:8EF9600D0F1B3521FF20FDF3FE0DFD07" box="[254,454,627,649]" name="Port Naorlunga" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" stateProvince="South Australia">Port Naorlunga</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED37AE130F1B3521FE3CFDF3FDC7FD06" box="[482,524,627,648]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
|
<specimenCode id="DB809EAD0F1B3521FDFBFDF3FDB9FD07" box="[549,626,627,649]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">G9318</specimenCode>
|
|
)
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3C8B0F1B3521FD49FDF3FE78FD26" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3322624313" collectionCode="QM" location="Burnie" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" specimenCode="GH4691" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tasmania">
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49E2F8340F1B3521FD49FDF3FCCCFD07" box="[663,775,627,649]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
|
(
|
|
<location id="8EF9600D0F1B3521FF79FD12FF32FD26" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C00F1A3522FF65FE31FD1EFCF0:8EF9600D0F1B3521FF79FD12FF32FD26" box="[167,249,658,680]" name="Burnie" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" stateProvince="Tasmania">Burnie</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED37AE130F1B3521FED0FD12FEF3FD29" box="[270,312,658,679]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
|
<specimenCode id="DB809EAD0F1B3521FE97FD12FE60FD26" box="[329,427,658,680]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">GH4691</specimenCode>
|
|
)
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3C8B0F1B3521FE16FD12FEC2FD48" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3322624305" collectionCode="QM" location="Bass Strait" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" specimenCode="GH2210" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Victoria">
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49E2F8340F1B3521FE16FD12FDE9FD26" box="[456,546,658,680]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
|
(
|
|
<location id="8EF9600D0F1B3521FDE4FD12FD0CFD26" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C00F1A3522FF65FE31FD1EFCF0:8EF9600D0F1B3521FDE4FD12FD0CFD26" box="[570,711,658,680]" name="Bass Strait" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" stateProvince="Victoria">Bass Strait</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED37AE130F1B3521FD02FD12FCCDFD29" box="[732,774,658,679]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
|
<specimenCode id="DB809EAD0F1B3521FF41FD30FECAFD48" box="[159,257,688,710]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">GH2210</specimenCode>
|
|
)
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3C8B0F1B3521FEC2FD31FEDBFCAC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3322624319" collectionCode="QM, AM" county="South Ulladulla" location="Shell Harbour" municipality="Woolongong" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" specimenCode="G8578, GH5759, Y1814, GH2248, G308514" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales">
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49E2F8340F1B3521FEC2FD31FE3DFD48" box="[284,502,688,710]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
|
(
|
|
<collectingCounty id="62F84E5A0F1B3521FDD3FD30FD06FD48" box="[525,717,688,710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">South Ulladulla</collectingCounty>
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED37AE130F1B3521FD02FD30FCCDFD4B" box="[732,774,688,709]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
|
<specimenCode id="DB809EAD0F1B3521FF41FD4FFF20FD6B" box="[159,235,719,741]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">G8578</specimenCode>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDACAC0F1B3521FEDCFD4FFE45FD6B" box="[258,398,719,741]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">Woolongong</collectingMunicipality>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED37AE130F1B3521FE7AFD4FFE05FD6A" box="[420,462,719,740]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
|
<specimenCode id="DB809EAD0F1B3521FE3FFD4FFD88FD6B" box="[481,579,719,741]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">GH5759</specimenCode>
|
|
;
|
|
<location id="8EF9600D0F1B3521FD87FD4FFCCCFD6B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C00F1A3522FF65FE31FD1EFCF0:8EF9600D0F1B3521FD87FD4FFCCCFD6B" box="[601,775,719,741]" county="South Ulladulla" municipality="Woolongong" name="Shell Harbour" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" stateProvince="New South Wales">Shell Harbour</location>
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED37AE130F1B3521FF41FD6EFF03FC8D" box="[159,200,750,771]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
|
|
<specimenCode id="DB809EAD0F1B3521FF0EFD6EFED0FC8D" box="[208,283,750,771]" collectionCode="AM" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">Y1814</specimenCode>
|
|
;
|
|
<location id="8EF9600D0F1B3521FEF9FD6EFE6FFC8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C00F1A3522FF65FE31FD1EFCF0:8EF9600D0F1B3521FEF9FD6EFE6FFC8D" box="[295,420,750,771]" county="South Ulladulla" municipality="Woolongong" name="Arrawarra" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" stateProvince="New South Wales">Arrawarra</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED37AE130F1B3521FE6FFD6EFE10FC8D" box="[433,475,750,771]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
|
<specimenCode id="DB809EAD0F1B3521FE3BFD6EFD8DFC8D" box="[485,582,750,771]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">GH2248</specimenCode>
|
|
;
|
|
<location id="8EF9600D0F1B3521FD8AFD6EFD04FC8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C00F1A3522FF65FE31FD1EFCF0:8EF9600D0F1B3521FD8AFD6EFD04FC8D" box="[596,719,750,771]" county="South Ulladulla" municipality="Woolongong" name="Byron Bay" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" stateProvince="New South Wales">Byron Bay</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED37AE130F1B3521FD02FD6EFCCDFC8D" box="[732,774,750,771]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
|
<specimenCode id="DB809EAD0F1B3521FF41FC8CFEC2FCAC" box="[159,265,780,802]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">G308514</specimenCode>
|
|
)
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B4E3C8B0F1B3521FEFEFC8CFEE5FCF0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3322624315" collectionCode="QM" county="Tweed River" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Mooloolaba" municipality="Moreton Bay" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" specimenCode="G308523, G4928, G5146, G5166, G8569, GH377, GH2349, GH2200, GH769" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queensland">
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49E2F8340F1B3521FEFEFC8CFE63FCAC" box="[288,424,780,802]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
|
(
|
|
<collectingCounty id="62F84E5A0F1B3521FE62FC8CFD99FCAC" box="[444,594,780,802]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">Tweed River</collectingCounty>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED37AE130F1B3521FDBDFC8CFD46FCAF" box="[611,653,780,801]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
|
<specimenCode id="DB809EAD0F1B3521FD45FC8CFCC9FCAC" box="[667,770,780,802]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">G308523</specimenCode>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDACAC0F1B3521FF41FCABFEF9FCCE" box="[159,306,811,832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">Moreton Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED37AE130F1B3521FEE3FCABFEACFCCE" box="[317,359,811,832]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
|
<specimenCode id="DB809EAD0F1B3521FEB3FCABFCC8FCCE" box="[365,771,811,833]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">G4928 G5146 G5166 G8569 GH377</specimenCode>
|
|
;
|
|
<location id="8EF9600D0F1B3521FF41FCCAFEE8FCEE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C00F1A3522FF65FE31FD1EFCF0:8EF9600D0F1B3521FF41FCCAFEE8FCEE" box="[159,291,842,864]" county="Tweed River" municipality="Moreton Bay" name="Mooloolaba" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" stateProvince="Queensland">Mooloolaba</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED37AE130F1B3521FEF0FCCAFE93FCD1" box="[302,344,842,863]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
|
<specimenCode id="DB809EAD0F1B3521FEBEFCCAFDECFCD1" box="[352,551,842,863]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">GH2349 GH2200</specimenCode>
|
|
; off
|
|
<location id="8EF9600D0F1B3521FD88FCCAFCC8FCEE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F87C00F1A3522FF65FE31FD1EFCF0:8EF9600D0F1B3521FD88FCCAFCC8FCEE" box="[598,771,842,864]" county="Tweed River" municipality="Moreton Bay" name="Murdoch Point" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" stateProvince="Queensland">Murdoch Point</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED37AE130F1B3521FF41FCE8FF02FCF3" box="[159,201,872,893]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
|
<specimenCode id="DB809EAD0F1B3521FF0CFCE8FEEDFCF0" box="[210,294,872,894]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" type="Museum">GH769</specimenCode>
|
|
)
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1B3521FF66FC07FEEDFB3F" blockId="5.[159,776,196,1201]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1B3521FF66FC07FDF8FC13" author="Hartmeyer R & Michaelsen W" box="[184,563,903,925]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" pagination="251 - 460" refId="ref9541" refString="Hartmeyer R, Michaelsen W. 1928. Ascidiae Diktyobranchiae und Ptychobranchiae. Fauna Sudwest- Australien 5: 251 - 460." type="journal article" year="1928">Hartmeyer & Michaelsen (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
believed that the forms of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D550F1B3521FEDDFC26FEB3FC35" authorityName=": Millar" authorityYear="1960" box="[259,376,934,955]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Herdmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="momus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1B3521FEDDFC26FEB3FC35" box="[259,376,934,955]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">H. momus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
occurring in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F33176460F1B3521FDD0FC26FDB1FC32" box="[526,634,934,956]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
|
(ff.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D550F1B3521FD76FC26FCCBFC35" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[680,768,934,955]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Herdmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1B3521FD76FC26FCCBFC35" box="[680,768,934,955]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">grandis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1B3521FF41FC44FF1DFC57" box="[159,214,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">galei</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D550F1B3521FF38FC44FEF3FC57" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[230,312,964,985]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Herdmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1B3521FF38FC44FEF3FC57" box="[230,312,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">pallida</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) owed their wide geographical range to transport by ships. For instance, f.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D550F1B3521FDF2FC63FD4FFC76" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[556,644,995,1016]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Herdmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1B3521FDF2FC63FD4FFC76" box="[556,644,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">grandis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, previously known from Port Jackson could have been transported to the south-western Australian coast in that way. However,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C264D550F1B3521FECAFBC0FE58FBDA" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[276,403,1087,1109]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Herdmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1B3521FECAFBC0FE58FBDA" box="[276,403,1087,1109]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">H. grandis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is now known to occur around the whole Australian coast (see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B270F1B3521FDC2FBDEFD53FBFD" author="Kott P" box="[540,664,1117,1139]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" pagination="1 - 440" refId="ref10190" refString="Kott P. 1985. The Australian Ascidiacea Part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 23: 1 - 440." type="journal article" year="1985">Kott, 1985</bibRefCitation>
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and new records, below) and most likely is part of the indigenous fauna.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1B3521FF41FB57FEEFFB60" blockId="5.[159,776,1239,1906]" box="[159,292,1239,1262]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1B3521FF41FB57FEEFFB60" box="[159,292,1239,1262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1B3521FF41FB76FE07F9F2" blockId="5.[159,776,1239,1906]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">
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The largest known species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D550F1B3521FDF1FB76FD79FA85" box="[559,690,1270,1291]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Herdmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1B3521FDF1FB76FD79FA85" box="[559,690,1270,1291]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">Herdmania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, some specimens being up to
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or more in maximum dimension. Test tough, leathery, wrinkled and opaque. Smaller individuals to
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also have opaque test. Lower half of body, often less wrinkled than upper half, sometimes sandy and may be embedded in sediments. Epibionts including other ascidians, often on outside of test. One specimen (QM GH2210) has sand embedded in the test, making it hard and relatively brittle. Short cylindrical siphons originate close together in middle of upper surface and diverge from one another, or branchial siphon almost horizontal and atrial siphon vertical.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1B3521FF66F905FA9CFB1C" blockId="5.[159,776,1239,1906]" lastBlockId="5.[823,1439,197,1783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">
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Characteristic
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D550F1B3521FEBBF905FE23F914" box="[357,488,1669,1690]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Herdmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1B3521FEBBF905FE23F914" box="[357,488,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">Herdmania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spines crowded in body wall, especially long in posterior end and shorter anteriorly. Crowded spines in siphons aligned longitudinally. In contracted body wall spines, crowded into calcareous felt-work, sometimes lie parallel to one another. Circular muscles are around each siphon and its base. About 30 (individuals
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long) to 50 (individuals from
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<quantity id="4CDE9B330F1B3521FE9DF8DCFEBEF8FF" box="[323,373,1884,1905]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
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long) strong longitudinal muscle bands on each side of the body radiate from atrial and branchial siphons and cross one another (the atrial muscles inside the branchial ones) on the sides of body, to create a meshwork of crowded muscles over whole body when contracted. In all specimens, muscles branch in lower half of body and form almost continuous layer over gut loop and gonads. Dorsal tubercle large, hemispherical cushion, usually filling anterior part of peritubercular area which has a narrow tongue-shaped extension projecting posteriorly in line with dorsal lamina. In smaller (
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: QM G308523) specimens opening of neural duct is a long slit undulating around circumference of dorsal tubercle with its ends turned in, the gap between them directed anteriorly. In larger specimens the slit is more convoluted, covering whole surface of tubercle. Dorsal lamina narrow, extending through centre of circular area delimited on each side by a deeply curved dorsal branchial fold. Rather fleshy and very pointed languets are on the edge of the dorsal lamina. From six (small specimens to
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: QM G308523, GH2200; AM Y1814) to 12 (individuals to
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<quantity id="4CDE9B330F1B3521FB70FCC9FB25FCD1" box="[1198,1262,841,863]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
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or more) internal longitudinal vessels on flat area between dorsal fold on each side and short dorsal lamina converge at each end. From ten to 13 broad deeply curved, branchial folds on each side lie flat, folded up toward dorsum, ventral surface wider than dorsal surface of fold. Number of folds does not seem to be correlated with size, a specimen of
|
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<quantity id="4CDE9B330F1B3521FB91FBA0FB4AFBBB" box="[1103,1153,1056,1077]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
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(QM GH769) having ten folds on each side, and one of
|
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<quantity id="4CDE9B330F1B3521FB6CFBBFFB2EFBDA" box="[1202,1253,1087,1108]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
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(QM G308523) having 11. Up to 23 internal longitudinal vessels on wider folds but only two or three in interspace.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1B3521FC8EFB1BFBE2F979" blockId="5.[823,1439,197,1783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">
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Gut loop and gonads embedded deeply in body wall in most larger specimens, although often gonads were not detected, suggesting individuals might be senescent. Anal border has two or three regular pointed lobes with lobed or scalloped margins, or irregular branched lobes or is sometimes almost smooth (QM G8578 GH2248). Testis follicles either in patches over each side of, or all over, upper surface of long, tubular, straight to slightly sinuous ovary deeply embedded in body wall alongside distal limb of gut loop. Oviducal opening large, sometimes slightly indented. Common vas deferens extends along top of ovary, opening on short inconspicuous papilla near female opening. Specimen
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<quantity id="4CDE9B330F1B3521FC70F9A9FC2BF9B1" box="[942,992,1577,1599]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="364" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
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long from Shell Harbour (AM Y1814), a juvenile without gonads, identifiable with present species by its slightly convoluted circular slit on dorsal tubercle, six internal longitudinal vessels between dorsal lamina and left dorsal fold, 11 branchial folds on each side and long body muscles extending down over gut and gonads.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1B3521FCE9F89DFC54F8BB" blockId="5.[823,1439,1821,1906]" box="[823,927,1821,1845]" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="B952EAC40F1B3521FCE9F89DFC54F8BB" box="[823,927,1821,1845]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">Remarks</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9936D60F1B3522FCE9F8BDFD1EFCF0" blockId="5.[823,1439,1821,1906]" lastBlockId="6.[145,761,197,894]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="365" pageId="5" pageNumber="364">As well as becoming larger than those of other known species, individuals of this indigenous species, even small specimens, are distinguished from others by their tough opaque test, large dorsal tubercle with convoluted slit, six or more internal longitudinal vessels between the short dorsal lamina and deeply curved dorsal fold, long and straight or almost straight ovarian tube with only occasional irregular, shallow undulations, testis follicles in clumps or crowded in an uninterrupted mass on the upper surface of the ovary (along each side or completely covering it), common vas deferens opening on a small papilla on top of the short oviduct, oviducal opening wide (without a hood) and long, strong radial muscles from each siphon crossing each other over the whole of each side of the body. This last character is unique, other species having radial muscles that terminate at the anterior limits of the gut loop (on the left) and the gonad (on the right). Possibly the contraction of these muscles in the present species cause the gonad on the left to be tightly associated with the distal limb of the gut loop. Further, the number, strength and length of the muscles in this species effects such strong contraction that spines are often drawn together in parallel to form a hard layer over the whole of the body wall.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |