292 lines
37 KiB
XML
292 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="47C327BDBB37E91FB196861D351B8F9B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5352.4.8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426654" ID-ZooBank="E6E8FC63-6356-465F-A878-2EA58C993299" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1696942270429" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rana, Khushboo & Kaur, Harpreet" docDate="2023" docId="038F879D9E003360FF03190DFF75FC9A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5352.4.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5352 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5352.4.8" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.14:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pallisentis longus Rana & Kaur 2023" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="586" masterDocId="FFB6FFE59E063369FF941F40FF96FFC7" masterDocTitle="Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Two New and Two Already Known Species of the Genus Pallisentis (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) from India with an Update in Key to the Species" masterLastPageNumber="593" masterPageNumber="577" pageNumber="583" updateTime="1696977523591" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D8E12F2DCF3EF00898CECB69C6BB70B8">
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<mods:title id="A311AA64C09E432D95F1D3E27F748546">Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Two New and Two Already Known Species of the Genus Pallisentis (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) from India with an Update in Key to the Species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="693BD1C1306CCC8905B381063EC17D50" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D47AF05D5FEB7E70915752B89C112A80">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="ABCBF5388F321F879BEC4623D70D7B33">Rana, Khushboo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C2E76B13B8B200673D0D6DF4442E5AB2" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8177-5710</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="21130F0D3C615567FA5360F05EBE8B73">Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India. rana. khushboo 961 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8177 - 5710</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="983D855F78581AD3C689096BD82D3993" type="email">rana.khushboo961@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="1016DFB976A779BA9501C3E7D1FF416B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="19086C2C3BF401FC8D2AB6BA791FCB66">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B49EBA6C1EB9F5AEFD07AA0220BB255E">Kaur, Harpreet</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1F12551937B791D888CC98FBAD502EA1">Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E4871A9BE06709F80AE08DE9E5122DD6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C60A475FDCB0D87D252931B54A4897C7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="876CA093980F758A82C92701C32C76A8">
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<mods:date id="3CD8A02F53AD34979A94E1632B705ED5">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A0ABF992D1B0AF136D2CE1806EF3F029">2023-10-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="336D67F1C1296C9FAC4B360D526B10DC">5352</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B46C61EA5D7D60BAA7A83A9141A9C567" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="E7150BE4EF572B0C87E13E0F0EB4AF63">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="93803EAFCB0CDD70FFEB7CFD405DF048">577</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="DFBCB90D442D0D1D438458E5403385A3">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5352.4.8</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="D376BE43495B8E26139C73DC1A8E9CB6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="44BFA27E0BFAF98D2281554E1839143F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5352.4.8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="52A6A44D3A90F08DE390A0D578B24B45" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="038F879D9E003360FF03190DFF75FC9A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F879D9E003360FF03190DFF75FC9A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F879D9E003360FF03190DFF75FC9A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="586" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">
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<subSubSection id="C33C65009E00336FFF03190DFE4CF9AF" box="[151,474,1613,1640]" pageId="6" pageNumber="583" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B99368B9E00336FFF03190DFE4CF9AF" blockId="6.[151,474,1613,1640]" box="[151,474,1613,1640]" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">
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<emphasis id="B952EA999E00336FFF03190DFE4CF9AF" bold="true" box="[151,474,1613,1640]" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">
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Species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E00336FFE90190DFE4CF9AF" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[260,474,1613,1640]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="6" pageNumber="583" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="longus">
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<emphasis id="B952EA999E00336FFE90190DFE4CF9AF" bold="true" box="[260,474,1613,1640]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">Pallisentis longus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33C65009E00336FFF0319D6FDFEF977" box="[151,616,1685,1712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="583" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8B99368B9E00336FFF0319D6FDFEF977" blockId="6.[151,1437,1685,2036]" box="[151,616,1685,1712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">
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Host:
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<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E00336FFF4F19D5FDFEF977" authority="(Hamilton, 1822)" baseAuthorityName="Hamilton" baseAuthorityYear="1822" box="[219,616,1685,1712]" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="583" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marulius">
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<emphasis id="B952EA999E00336FFF4F19D5FE09F968" box="[219,415,1685,1711]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">Channa marulius</emphasis>
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(Hamilton, 1822)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33C65009E00336FFF5319F9FB3EF914" box="[199,1192,1721,1748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="583" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B99368B9E00336FFF5319F9FB3EF914" blockId="6.[151,1437,1685,2036]" box="[199,1192,1721,1748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4E3CD69E00336FFF5319F9FB3EF914" box="[199,1192,1721,1748]" country="India" county="Bhakra" latitude="31.4047" location="Locality" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="76.4968" municipality="Govind Sagar Lake" pageId="6" pageNumber="583" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">
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<location id="8EF960509E00336FFF5319F9FEBFF914" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F879D9E003360FF03190DFF75FC9A:8EF960509E00336FFF5319F9FEBFF914" box="[199,297,1721,1747]" country="India" county="Bhakra" latitude="31.4047" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="76.4968" municipality="Govind Sagar Lake" name="Locality" pageId="6" pageNumber="583" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">Locality</location>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDACF19E00336FFEA719F9FD86F914" box="[307,528,1721,1748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">Govind Sagar Lake</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62F84E079E00336FFD8F19F9FDF9F914" box="[539,623,1721,1747]" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">Bhakra</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49E2F8699E00336FFDEE19F9FCD1F914" box="[634,839,1721,1747]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE12504C9E00336FFCC119FAFC42F913" box="[853,980,1722,1748]" degrees="31.4047" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="583" precision="5" value="31.4047">31.4047°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE12504C9E00336FFC4B19F9FBCDF914" box="[991,1115,1721,1747]" degrees="76.4968" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="583" precision="5" value="76.4968">76.4968°E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="F331761B9E00336FFBFA19F9FB3EF914" box="[1134,1192,1721,1747]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">India</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33C65009E00336FFF53199DFDA4F930" box="[199,562,1757,1783]" pageId="6" pageNumber="583" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8B99368B9E00336FFF53199DFDA4F930" blockId="6.[151,1437,1685,2036]" box="[199,562,1757,1783]" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">Site of infection: Small intestine</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33C65009E00336FFF531841FB42F86C" pageId="6" pageNumber="583" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B99368B9E00336FFF531841FA80F8A4" blockId="6.[151,1437,1685,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">
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Specimens submitted: Registration number–
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||
<collectionCode id="ED37AE4E9E00336FFD411841FCB2F8DB" box="[725,804,1793,1820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">HARC</collectionCode>
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||
/ZSI/
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||
<collectionCode id="ED37AE4E9E00336FFCCA1841FC13F8DB" box="[862,901,1793,1820]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12582" name="Amherst College, Beneski Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="583" type="University or college">AC</collectionCode>
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||
–5 and
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE4E9E00336FFC751841FBB9F8DC" box="[993,1071,1793,1819]" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">HARC</collectionCode>
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||
/ZSI/Ac–
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||
<quantity id="4CDE9B6E9E00336FFB0C1841FB51F8DC" box="[1176,1223,1793,1819]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="6" pageNumber="583" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
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slides P5 and P6 containing whole worms
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<typeStatus id="549D88299E00336FFE2E1865FDB4F8F8" box="[442,546,1829,1855]" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
male and
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<typeStatus id="549D88299E00336FFD081865FD68F8F8" box="[668,766,1829,1855]" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">Allotype</typeStatus>
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||
female, respectively stained in
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<location id="8EF960509E00336FFBF91866FB5BF887" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F879D9E003360FF03190DFF75FC9A:8EF960509E00336FFBF91866FB5BF887" box="[1133,1229,1830,1856]" country="India" municipality="High Altitude Regional Centre - Zoological Survey" name="Gower's" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">Gower’s</location>
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carmine mounted with DPX were submitted to
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BFDACF19E00336FFE4B1809FB8CF8A3" box="[479,1050,1865,1892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">High Altitude Regional Centre– Zoological Survey</collectingMunicipality>
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of
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<collectingCountry id="F331761B9E00336FFBD41809FBEAF8A4" box="[1088,1148,1865,1891]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">India</collectingCountry>
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, Solan,
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<collectingCountry id="F331761B9E00336FFB411809FA84F8A4" box="[1237,1298,1865,1891]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">India</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99368B9E00336FFF53182EFB42F86C" blockId="6.[151,1437,1685,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">
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Sequences generated: The sequences submitted to the
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE4E9E00336FFCB4182EFCF5F84F" box="[800,867,1902,1928]" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">NCBI</collectionCode>
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||
database on the basis of 18S, 28S, and
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||
<specimenCode id="DB809EF09E00336FFA82182DFADCF84F" box="[1302,1354,1901,1928]" collectionCode="ITS" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">ITS1</specimenCode>
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||
–
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE12504C9E00336FFACE182DFA1AF84F" box="[1370,1420,1901,1928]" degrees="5.8" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="583" precision="5555" value="-5.8">5.8S</geoCoordinate>
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–
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<collectionCode id="ED37AE4E9E00336FFF0318D2FF57F86B" box="[151,193,1938,1964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">ITS</collectionCode>
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have been allotted accession number
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||
<specimenCode id="DB809EF09E00336FFDFE18D2FD78F86B" box="[618,750,1938,1964]" collectionCode="OM" country="New Zealand" name="Otago Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">OM480740</specimenCode>
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||
,
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<specimenCode id="DB809EF09E00336FFD6D18D1FCEBF86B" box="[761,893,1937,1964]" collectionCode="OM" country="New Zealand" name="Otago Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">OM480745</specimenCode>
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, and
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||
<specimenCode id="DB809EF09E00336FFC2318D1FBADF86B" box="[951,1083,1937,1964]" collectionCode="OM" country="New Zealand" name="Otago Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">OM501882</specimenCode>
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||
, respectively.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33C65009E00336FFF5318F5FEB0F833" pageId="6" pageNumber="583" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99368B9E00336FFF5318F5FEB0F833" blockId="6.[151,1437,1685,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="583">Etymology: The specific name has been derived from the longest trunk of the present specimens ever reported in the genus.</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF5966039E01336EFF0C1BE4FD60FAC3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426656" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426656/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="584" startId="7.[152,199,1188,1212]" targetBox="[162,1425,190,1161]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
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||
<paragraph id="8B99368B9E01336EFF0C1BE4FD60FAC3" blockId="7.[151,1436,1188,1284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="584">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E01336EFF0C1BE4FF76FB7B" bold="true" box="[152,224,1188,1212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="584">FIG. 1</emphasis>
|
||
Line drawings of specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E01336EFD8B1BE4FCB6FB7B" authority="Rana & Kaur, 2023" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[543,800,1188,1212]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="7" pageNumber="584" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="himachalensis" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E01336EFD8B1BE4FCB6FB7B" box="[543,800,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="584">Pallisentis himachalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26157E29E01336EFCB21BE4FCCDFB7C" box="[806,859,1188,1211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="584" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
a– male; b– posterior end of male; c– proboscis (female); d– mature egg; e– proboscis hooks declining gradually in size; f– female; g– posterior end of female. Scale a– 1 mm; b–1000 µm; c– 500 µm; d–50 µm; e– 100 µm; f–1 mm; g– 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C65009E01336EFF531A72FD2AFA8B" box="[199,700,1330,1357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="584" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99368B9E01336EFF531A72FD2AFA8B" blockId="7.[151,1437,1330,2041]" box="[199,700,1330,1357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="584">
|
||
Specimens examined:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D20FD029E01336EFE571A72FD8FFA8B" box="[451,537,1330,1357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="584" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D20FD029E01336EFDC41A72FD2AFA8B" box="[592,700,1330,1357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="584" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C65009E013361FF531A16FE57FD36" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="585" pageId="7" pageNumber="584" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99368B9E01336EFF531A16FDFAFAB7" blockId="7.[151,1437,1330,2041]" box="[199,620,1366,1392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="584">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E01336EFF531A16FE62FAB7" box="[199,500,1366,1392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="584">Morphological description</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131D2A0E9E01336EFD971A16FDF2FAB7" box="[515,612,1366,1392]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[152,199,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,789,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-283@8.[151,1436,777,1883]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2 Line drawings of specimens of Pallisentis longus n. sp. a– male; b– posterior end of male; c– proboscis (female); d– mature egg; e– proboscis hooks declining gradually in size; f– female; g– posterior end of female. Scale a– 1 mm; b– 1000 µm; c– 500 µm; d 100 µm; e 100 µm; f 1 mm; g– 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426658/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="584">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99368B9E01336EFF531A3AFF70F9AB" blockId="7.[151,1437,1330,2041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="584">General: Proboscis oblong, proboscis hooks in 4 circles, 9 or 10 hooks per circle, gradually declining in size, hook roots directed posteriorly. Nuclei of apical organ not observed. Neck long, unarmed. 2 sets of spines in trunk: anterior (collar) spines and posterior (trunk) spines. Collar spines Y–shaped. Lemniscus sub-equal, present in anterior half of the trunk. Trunk spines Y shaped, last circle ending above testes in male, present till the posterior extremity in female but irregular in posterior circles. Cement gland very long, syncytial with 20–25 nuclei. Female gonopore near–terminal towards ventral side. Egg with three membranes, polar elongations of fertilization membrane absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99368B9E013361FF531936FC07FE86" blockId="7.[151,1437,1330,2041]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,150,753]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="585" pageId="7" pageNumber="584">Male: Trunk length 15–20 (17.5) mm, maximum width 0.5–0.7 (0.6) mm at anterior region of trunk. Proboscis 193.1–208.4 (200.7) long × 152.5–191.0 (171.7) wide. H1 73.5–94.3 (83.9) long × 16.7–20.5 wide, H2 61.9–81.3 (71.6) long × 10.0–14.4 (12.2) wide, H3 52.8–54.7 (53.8) long × 7.7–8.9 (8.3) wide, H4 38.6–48.7 (43.6) long × 5.2–6.8 (6.0) wide. Hook roots short, HR1 49.1–51.8 (50.4), HR2 32.8–34.5 (33.6), HR3 24.6–26.8 (25.7), HR4 21.6–23.5 (22.5). Neck unarmed, 307.9–376.2 (342.0) long × 187.3–232.7 (210.0) wide. Proboscis receptacle 837.9–972.3 (905.1) long × 180.4–209.8 (195.1) wide, Lemnisci (L) L1– 2493.7–2878.9 (2686.3) long × 87.7–88.0 (87.9) wide, L2– 2406.0–2722.8 (2564.4) long × 70.5–82.4 (76.4) wide. Collar spines 13–16 circles, 16–20 spines per circle, 25.6–34.5 (30.1) long, spine field covering 583.5–619.0 (601.3) region of trunk. Trunk spines Y shaped, 27–31 (29) circles, equally spaced, 14–20 spines per circle, 33.8–40.0 (36.9) long. Testes two, elongated, tandem, post equatorial. Anterior testis 1253.7–1444.2 (1348.9) long × 259.5–369.1 (314.3) wide, posterior testis 1116.2– 1341.2 (1228.7) long × 220.8–249.6 (235.2) wide. Cement gland 2333.5–3162.1 (2747.8) long × 220.8–249.6 (235.2) wide. Cement reservoir elongated 774.6–863.7 (819.1) long × 189.8–211.9 (200.8) wide, branch posteriorly into two ducts. Seminal vesicle behind the cement reservoir, 640.5–711.3 (675.9) long × 113.4–158.4 (135.9) wide, tapers to form vas efferens anteriorly and vas deferens posteriorly. Saefftigen’s pouch 836.8–987.0 (911.9) long × 85.0–95.4 (90.2) wide, posterior to seminal vesicle. Vas deferens, ducts of saefftigen’s pouch and cement reservoir enter bursa. Bursa 387.4–478.8 (433.1) long × 382.1–467.8 (425.0).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99368B9E0E3361FF531E0BFE57FD36" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="585">
|
||
Female: Trunk length 20–44 (32) mm, much longer than male, maximum width 0.53–0.68 (0.60) mm at anterior region of trunk. Proboscis 180.9–240.8 (210.9) long × 174.0–225.6 (199.8) wide, H1 82.7–96.9 (89.8) long × 15.4–18.1 (16.8) wide, H2 67.8–79.2 (73.5) long × 10.5–14.1 (12.3) wide, H3 47.3–59.0 (53.1) long × 6.9–9.3 (8.1) wide, H4 31.8–49.8 (40.8) long × 6.9–7.3 (7.1) wide. HR1 50.7–52.8 (51.7), HR2 35.9–38.5 (37.2), HR3 25.4–27.1 (26.2), HR4 20.6–24.5 (22.6). Proboscis receptacle 813.3–844.4 (828.8) long × 238.3–285.3 (261.8) wide. Neck long, unarmed 263.0–324.5 (293.8) long × 225.5–269.9 (247.7) wide. L1 2014.7–2481.9 (2248.3) long × 77.8–82.1 (79.7) wide, L2– 2006.8–2382.0 (2194.4) long × 74.6–82.8 (78.7) wide. Collar spines 15–16 circles, 15–20 spines per circle, 36.4–41.7 (39.1) long, spine field covering 722.4–727.8 (725.1) region of trunk. Trunk spines 64–69 (66) circles,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B6E9E0E3361FEB01D2BFE11FD42" box="[292,391,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="8" pageNumber="585" unit="in" value="18.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="16.0">16–20 in</quantity>
|
||
each circle,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B6E9E0E3361FD871D2AFDCCFD42" box="[531,602,618,645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="8" pageNumber="585" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 in</quantity>
|
||
posterior most circles, 38.1–45.1 (41.6) long. Female reproductive system 780.3–845.1 (812.7) long, uterine bell 163.1–175.1 (169.1) long, leading into muscular uterus 464.1–495.7 (479.9) long, vagina 153.9–166.3 (160.1) long, bent towards the ventral side of the body. Egg 76.5–83.7 (80.1) long × 43.85–49.87 (46.86) wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5966039E0E3361FF0C1833FD7CF814" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426658/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="585" startId="8.[152,199,1907,1931]" targetBox="[163,1424,789,1877]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99368B9E0E3361FF0C1833FD7CF814" blockId="8.[151,1436,1907,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0E3361FF0C1833FF72F84C" bold="true" box="[152,228,1907,1931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="585">FIG. 2</emphasis>
|
||
Line drawings of specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0E3361FDAE1833FD64F84C" authority="Rana & Kaur, 2023" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[570,754,1907,1931]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="8" pageNumber="585" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="longus" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0E3361FDAE1833FD64F84C" box="[570,754,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="585">Pallisentis longus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26157E29E0E3361FD6F1833FCA3F84D" box="[763,821,1907,1930]" pageId="8" pageNumber="585" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
a– male; b– posterior end of male; c– proboscis (female); d– mature egg; e– proboscis hooks declining gradually in size; f– female; g– posterior end of female. Scale a– 1 mm; b– 1000 µm; c– 500 µm; d 100 µm; e 100 µm; f 1 mm; g– 200 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C65009E0F3360FF031FD7FF75FC9A" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99368B9E0F3360FF031FD7FF6FFF76" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,861]" box="[151,249,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0F3360FF031FD7FF6FFF76" box="[151,249,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99368B9E0F3360FF531FFBFD5FFDFA" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">
|
||
The present species is placed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0F3360FD301FFBFC8CFF12" authorityName="Van cleave" authorityYear="1928" box="[676,794,187,213]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0F3360FD301FFBFC8CFF12" box="[676,794,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">Pallisentis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the presence of two well separated spined regions on the trunk and syncytial cement gland in males. It is the longest species ever reported in the genus. According to the updated key of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB74B7A9E0F3360FE011E43FD06FEDA" author="Rana, K. & Kaur, H." box="[405,656,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" pagination="244 - 254" refId="ref18219" refString="Rana, K. & Kaur, H. (2021 b) Morphological and molecular description of Pallisentis roparensis n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) infecting the freshwater cat fish Wallago attu from Ropar Wetland, Punjab, India. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 16, 244 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ijppaw. 2021.10.011" type="journal article" year="2021">Rana & Kaur (2021b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the present species shows some morphological resemblance with
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0F3360FA1C1E43FE52FE87" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0F3360FA1C1E43FEB4FE87" authorityName="Baylis" authorityYear="1933" baseAuthorityName="Bhalerao" baseAuthorityYear="1931" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="nagpurensis">P. nagpurensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0F3360FEB91E67FE57FE87" baseAuthorityName="Rana & Kaur" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[301,449,295,320]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="roparensis">P. roparensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0F3360FE6F1E67FCF3FE86" authority="Gupta and Gupta, 1977" authorityName="Gupta and Gupta" authorityYear="1977" box="[507,869,295,321]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="clupei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0F3360FE6F1E67FDCCFE86" box="[507,602,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">P. clupei</emphasis>
|
||
Gupta and Gupta,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B6E9E0F3360FCB91E67FCF3FE86" box="[813,869,295,321]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.02158" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" unit="in" value="1977.0">1977</quantity>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the number of proboscis hooks and overlapping number of the collar and trunk spines. The trunk spines in case of the above–mentioned species are Y shaped, extending to posterior end in females only and the testes in the males are post equatorial in position. Further, the size of the proboscis hooks in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0F3360FE6B1ED3FDFFFE6A" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[511,617,403,429]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="longus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0F3360FE6B1ED3FDFFFE6A" box="[511,617,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">P. longus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considerably overlapping with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0F3360FBB71ED3FB2EFE6B" baseAuthorityName="Rana & Kaur" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[1059,1208,403,428]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="roparensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0F3360FBB71ED3FB2EFE6B" box="[1059,1208,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">P. roparensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0F3360FB611ED3FA0AFE6B" authorityName="Baylis" authorityYear="1933" baseAuthorityName="Bhalerao" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[1269,1436,403,428]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="nagpurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0F3360FB611ED3FA0AFE6B" box="[1269,1436,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">P. nagpurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A403309E0F3360FF0B1EF7FF64FE16" box="[159,242,439,465]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[152,244,692,716]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric comparison of the hooks of P. himachalensis n. sp. and P longus n. sp. with the closely related species of the genus" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). However, the species described in the present study differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0F3360FC731EF7FB1AFE17" authorityName="Baylis" authorityYear="1933" baseAuthorityName="Bhalerao" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[999,1164,439,464]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="nagpurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0F3360FC731EF7FB1AFE17" box="[999,1164,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">P. nagpurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0F3360FB571EF7FAC3FE17" baseAuthorityName="Rana & Kaur" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[1219,1365,439,464]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="roparensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0F3360FB571EF7FAC3FE17" box="[1219,1365,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">P. roparensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the many aspects like the size of neck, proboscis receptacle, lemniscus, number and arrangement of the trunk spines. Additionally, the organs of the reproductive system in both the sexes in the present species differs much from the reproductive organs of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0F3360FE501D63FDC0FDFB" baseAuthorityName="Rana & Kaur" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[452,598,547,572]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="roparensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0F3360FE501D63FDC0FDFB" box="[452,598,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">P. roparensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A403309E0F3360FDF01D63FD2AFDFA" box="[612,700,547,573]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[152,244,1461,1485]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric comparison of P. himachalensis n. sp. and P longus n. sp. with the closely related species of the genus" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99368B9E0F3360FF531D07FF75FC9A" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0F3360FF531D07FEA7FDA6" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,305,583,609]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="longus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0F3360FF531D07FEA7FDA6" box="[199,305,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">P. longus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from the other less similar species including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0F3360FC5A1D07FBA6FDA6" authorityName="Gupta and Gupta" authorityYear="1977" box="[974,1072,583,609]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="clupei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0F3360FC5A1D07FBA6FDA6" box="[974,1072,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">P. clupei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the size of proboscis hooks, distribution of trunk spines, number of cement gland nuclei in males and having longer reproductive organs in both the sexes. The size of the hooks in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0F3360FDB61DCFFD14FD6E" authorityName="Gupta and Gupta" authorityYear="1977" box="[546,642,655,681]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="clupei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0F3360FDB61DCFFD14FD6E" box="[546,642,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">P. clupei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is longer than the
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0F3360FCC11DCFFC55FD6E" box="[853,963,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0F3360FCC11DCFFC29FD6E" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[853,959,655,681]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="longus">P. longus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Trunk spines in the males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0F3360FA861DCFFAE4FD6E" authorityName="Gupta and Gupta" authorityYear="1977" box="[1298,1394,655,681]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="clupei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0F3360FA861DCFFAE4FD6E" box="[1298,1394,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">P. clupei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE9B6E9E0F3360FF031DF3FF6DFD0A" box="[151,251,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.366" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="7.112" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" unit="in" value="29.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="28.0">28–30 in</quantity>
|
||
circles extending up to the posterior end of the anterior testis while in case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0F3360FBE31DF3FB48FD0A" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[1143,1246,691,717]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="longus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0F3360FBE31DF3FB48FD0A" box="[1143,1246,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">P. longus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
27–31 circles of trunk spines end above the anterior testis. The number of cement gland nuclei is much less in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0F3360FB5D1D97FABCFD36" authorityName="Gupta and Gupta" authorityYear="1977" box="[1225,1322,727,753]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="clupei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0F3360FB5D1D97FABCFD36" box="[1225,1322,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">P. clupei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(9–16) in comparison to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0F3360FEFF1DBBFE45FCD2" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[363,467,763,789]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="longus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0F3360FEFF1DBBFE45FCD2" box="[363,467,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">P. longus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(20–25). The organs of male and female reproductive organs are significantly longer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0F3360FF231C5FFEB6FCFE" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[183,288,799,825]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="longus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0F3360FF231C5FFEB6FCFE" box="[183,288,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">P. longus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and female gonopore is near–terminal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0F3360FC921C5FFCF9FCFE" authorityName="Rana & Kaur" authorityYear="2023" box="[774,879,799,825]" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="longus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0F3360FC921C5FFCF9FCFE" box="[774,879,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">P. longus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
while terminal female gonopore is present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C264D089E0F3360FA1C1C5FFF4DFC9A" authorityName="Gupta and Gupta" authorityYear="1977" class="Eoacanthocephala" family="Quadrigyridae" genus="Pallisentis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gyracanthocephala" pageId="9" pageNumber="586" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="clupei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952EA999E0F3360FA1C1C5FFF4DFC9A" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="586">P. clupei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |